Chapter 8
Five kingdom classification
Multiple Choice Type
Question 1(i)
The animals (Kingdom Animalia) are mainly grouped under two categories
1. Bilaterally symmetrical and radially symmetrical
2. Coelomate and acoelomate
3. Aquatic and terrestrial
4. Vertebrates and invertebrates
Answer
Vertebrates and invertebrates
Reason — Kingdom Animalia is sub-divided into vertebrates and invertebrates.
Question 1(ii)
Which one of the following examples does not come under the particular group?
1. Mushroom, Yeast, Fern — Fungi
2. Paramecium, Euglena, Sponge — Protista
3. Starfish, Roaches, Dogfish — Pisces
4. Bat, Parrot, Oyster — Vertebrates
Answer
1. Fern.
2. Sponge.
3. Starfish.
4. Oyster.
Reason —
1. Mushroom and Yeast are Fungi whereas Fern comes under Pteridophyta.
2. Paramecium and Euglena are Protists while Sponge comes under Porifera.
3. Starfish comes under Echinodermata, Roaches and Dogfish are Pisces.
4. Bat and Parrot are vertebrates but Oyster (Mollusc) is invertebrate.
Question 1(iii)
Which one of the following is an example of binomial scientific name?
1. Green alga
2. Snow leopard
3. Rana tigrina
4. China-rose
Answer
Rana tigrina
Reason — In print, scientific names are always in italics. In the given options, Rana tigrina is in italics,
hence it is a binomial scientific name. The binomial scientific name consists of two parts — Genera
and species. Rana tigrina is the scientific name of Frog.
Question 1(iv)
Which one of the following is the correct statement about the respective animal(s)?
1. Donkey and horse should be considered one single species because they can successfully
mate and produce an offspring.
2. Donkey and horse are two different genuses.
3. Mule is a separate species.
4. Mule is neither a donkey nor a horse
Answer
Mule is neither a donkey nor a horse
Reason — It is a cross (hybrid) between a male donkey and female horse.
Question 1(v)
Which of the following is the lowest category among the levels of classification ?
1. Class
2. Family
3. Order
4. Genus
Answer
Genus
Reason — Genus is the second lowest category among the levels of classification after species.
Question 1(vi)
Unicellular, prokaryotic Organisms belong to:
1. Protista
2. Fungi
3. Monera
4. Both (a) and (c)
Answer
Monera
Reason — Kingdom Monera includes single-celled organisms having no organized nucleus.
Question 1(vii)
Which of the following organisms is chlorophyllous ?
1. Penicillium
2. Euglena
3. Paramecium
4. Toadstool
Answer
Euglena
Reason — Some of Euglena are chlorophyllous and show photo-autotrophic nutrition.
Question 1(viii)
Cycads and Conifers are two types of-:
1. Gymnosperms
2. Pteridophytes
3. Angiosperms
4. Bryophytes
Answer
Gymnosperms
Reason — Cycads and Conifers bear naked seeds.
Question 1(ix)
The leaf-like structure of Bryophytes is termed as-
1. Phylloclade
2. Phyllode
3. Cladode
4. Phyllids
Answer
Phyllids
Reason — Bryophytes lack true leaves. The leaf like structure in them is called Phyllids.
Question 1(x)
Which of the following belongs to class Pisces ?
1. Jellyfish
2. Dogfish
3. Silverfish
4. Cuttlefish
Answer
Dogfish
Reason — Jellyfish, Silverfish and Cuttlefish belong to Cnidaria, Arthropoda and Mollusca
respectively.
Question 1(xi)
Identify the invertebrate phyla P and Q based on the characteristics given below :
Characteristics Invertebrate Phyla
Usually have a skeleton of microscopic spicules or elastic spongin fibres. P
Soft, round, cylindrical body with a false body cavity. Q
1. P — Porifera, Q — Cnidaria
2. P — Cnidaria, Q — Platyhelminthes
3. P — Porifera, Q — Nematoda
4. P — Nematoda, Q — Cnidaria
Answer
P — Porifera, Q — Nematoda
Reason — Members of Porifera (sponges) have bodies supported by spicules which provide
structure. Nematodes (roundworms) have a pseudocoelom (false body cavity), and their body is soft,
cylindrical, and unsegmented.
Assertion Reason type
Question 2(i)
Assertion (A): Monera and Protista are similar with respect to their number of cells. Both are
unicellular.
Reason (R): They differ with respect to their nuclei. Monerans are prokaryotic and protists are
eukaryotic.
1. A is True and R is False.
2. A is False and R is True.
3. Both A and R are True.
4. Both A and R are False.
Answer
Both A and R are True.
Reason — Both Monera and Protista are unicellular organisms. They differ in type of nuclei,
Monerans are prokaryotic (no true nucleus or membrane-bound organelles) while Protists are
eukaryotic (have a well-defined nucleus and organelles).
Question 2(ii)
Assertion (A): Gymnosperms are flowering plants which bear naked seeds.
Reason (R): Gymnosperms bear seeds in cones.
1. A is True and R is False.
2. A is False and R is True.
3. Both A and R are True.
4. Both A and R are False.
Answer
A is False and R is True.
Reason — Gymnosperms are not flowering plants. They are non-flowering seed plants that bear
naked seeds. Gymnosperms bear seeds in cones.
Question 2(iii)
Assertion (A): Jungle crow and house crow can breed among themselves as both belong to the same
genus.
Reason (R): They can interbreed among themselves as both are crows and only their habitat is
different.
1. A is True and R is False.
2. A is False and R is True.
3. Both A and R are True.
4. Both A and R are False.
Answer
Both A and R are False.
Reason — As jungle crow (Corvus macrorhynchos) and house crow (Corvus splendens) belong to
different species they cannot interbreed. Their inability to interbreed is not due to their differing
habitats only.
Question 2(iv)
Assertion (A): Ostia are the openings in the body wall of sponges through which water enters inside
the body.
Reason (R): Osculum is a mouth-like structure on the top of the sponge's body through which
water is thrown out.
1. A is True and R is False.
2. A is False and R is True.
3. Both A and R are True.
4. Both A and R are False.
Answer
Both A and R are True.
Reason — Ostia are tiny pores present all over the body of a sponge. They allow water to enter the
body, bringing in oxygen and food particles. The osculum is a large opening at the top of the sponge.
It is the exit point for water after circulation through the sponge’s body.
Question 2(v)
Assertion (A): Clitellum is the glandular skin which surrounds the body of an earthworm at its
posterior end.
Reason (R) : Clitellum serves in reproduction.
1. A is True and R is False.
2. A is False and R is True.
3. Both A and R are True.
4. Both A and R are False.
Answer
A is False and R is True.
Reason — The clitellum is a glandular, thickened region of the skin in earthworms, but it is located
near the anterior (front) end, not the posterior end. The clitellum plays a crucial role in reproduction
Question 2(vi)
Assertion (A): Both Pisces and Amphibians have a two chambered heart.
Reason (R): As pisces are the most primitive chordates, they only have a one chambered heart.
Amphibians are little advanced than pisces, so they have a two chambered heart.
1. A is True and R is False.
2. A is False and R is True.
3. Both A and R are True.
4. Both A and R are False.
Answer
Both A and R are False.
Reason — Pisces have a two-chambered heart while amphibians have a three-chambered heart.
Pisces do not have a one-chambered heart — they have two chambers and amphibians are more
evolved and have three chambers, not two.
Very Short Answer Type
Question 1
Who had introduced the binomial system of naming living beings?
Answer
Carolus Linnaeus had introduced the binomial system of naming living beings.
Question 2
Which two characters out of (a)-(e) given below are common to dog, humans, squirrel, bat, camel
and monkey?
(a) Scales on the skin
(b) Wings
(c) External ears
(d) Give birth to young ones
(e) A functional tail
Answer
The two characters common to dog, humans, squirrel, bat, camel and monkey are:
(c) external ears
(d) give birth to young ones
Question 3
Match the items in Column I with as many as possible and even repeatedly from Column II.
Column I Column II
Pine Fungi
Earthworm Monera
Bread mould Prokaryote
Amoeba Gymnosperm
Moss Plantae
Bacteria Animalia
Protista
Bryophyta
Answer
Column I Column II
Gymnosperm
Pine
Plantae
Earthworm Animalia
Bread mould Fungi
Amoeba Protista
Moss Plantae
Column I Column II
Bryophyta
Monera
Bacteria
Prokaryote
Question 4
What are the group names of the following categories of animals?
(a) Animals with a backbone
(b) Animals with a hairy skin
(c) Animals with three pairs of legs
(d) Animals with feathers
Answer
(a) Animals with a backbone — Vertebrata
(b) Animals with a hairy skin — Mammalia
(c) Animals with three pairs of legs — Insecta
(d) Animals with feathers — Aves
Question 5
Which ones of the following animals are invertebrates?
Housefly, Silverfish, Trout, Jellyfish, Whale, Penguin, Lizard and Sponge.
Answer
Invertebrate animals:
1. Housefly
2. Silverfish
3. Jellyfish
4. Sponge
Question 6
Name three animals (belonging to different classes) which breathe by means of lungs but have no
external ears (pinnae).
Answer
1. Class Amphibia: Tree frog
2. Class Reptilia: Cobra
3. Class Aves: Duck
Question 7
Given below is a list of ten animals each followed by three terms or features. Underline the term
which does not match with the animal.
1. Amoeba — Nucleus, tentacle, food vacuole.
2. Hydra — Invertebrata, Cnidaria, Crustacea.
3. Fish — Gills, paired fins, ear drum.
4. Earthworm — Invertebrata, Annelida, Insecta.
5. Grasshopper— Wings, trachea, proboscis.
6. Butterfly— Insecta, Invertebrata, Mollusca.
7. Whale — Gills, mammary glands, fat under the skin.
8. Pigeon — Feathers, wings, hair.
9. Monkey — External ear, sweat glands, lateral line.
10. Bat — Aves, Mammalia, Chordata.
Answer
For each of the animal, below is the term which does not match with the animal:
1. Amoeba — tentacle
2. Hydra — Crustacea
3. Fish — ear drum
4. Earthworm — Insecta
5. Grasshopper — proboscis
6. Butterfly — Mollusca
7. Whale — Gills
8. Pigeon — hair
9. Monkey — lateral line
10. Bat — Aves
Short Answer Type
Question 1
Name these:
(a) Five kingdoms under the recent scheme of classification.
(b) Five divisions of kingdom Plantae.
(c) Eight phyla of Invertebrates.
(d) Five classes of Chordata.
(e) Two types of fishes on the basis of their skeletons.
Answer
(a) The five kingdoms according to the new classification are:
1. Kingdom Monera
2. Kingdom Protista
3. Kingdom Fungi
4. Kingdom Plantae
5. Kingdom Animalia
(b) Five divisions of kingdom Plantae are:
1. Thallophyta
2. Bryophyta
3. Pteridophyta
4. Gymnosperms
5. Angiosperms
(c) Eight phyla of Invertebrates are:
1. Porifera
2. Cnidaria
3. Platyhelminthes
4. Nematoda
5. Annelida
6. Arthropoda
7. Mollusca
8. Echinodermata
(d) Five classes of Chordata are:
1. Pisces
2. Amphibia
3. Reptilia
4. Aves
5. Mammalia
(e) Two types of fishes on the basis of their skeletons are:
1. Cartilaginous fishes
2. Bony fishes
Question 2
Define the terms:
(a) Species
(b) Clitellum
(c) Moulting
(d) Diaphragm
(e) Nocturnal animals
Answer
(a) Species — Species means an organism of particular kind whose members can interbreed among
themselves to produce fertile young ones.
(b) Clitellum — The clitellum is a specialized reproductive structure found in certain annelids,
particularly in earthworms. It is a short cylindrical band of thick glandular skin that surrounds the
body like a belt and is around one-third distance of the body from the front end in the segments 14-
16.
(c) Moulting — The casting off and the regrowing of the exoskeleton is collectively called moulting. It
occurs in Arthropods.
(d) Diaphragm — A muscular structure separating thorax and abdomen internally in mammals is
called diaphragm.
(e) Nocturnal animals — Animals that are active during night are known as nocturnal animals.
Question 3
Write the specific location and function of:
(a) Microscopic spicules or elastic spongin fibre
(b) Tentacles
(c) Parapodium
(d) Fins
(e) Feathers
Answer
(a) Microscopic spicules or elastic spongin fibre.
Location — It forms the skeleton of Sponges.
Function — Structural support and defense against predators.
(b) Tentacles
Location — around mouth in Coelentrates.
Function — To catch food organisms.
(c) Parapodium
Location — Found in certain marine annelids. Usually located on either side of a segment, extending
outward from the body wall. Function — Locomotion.
(d) Fins
Location — Found in Class Pisces (Fishes) organisms. They have fins instead of limbs.
Function — Swimming.
(e) Feathers
Location — Found in Class Aves (Birds) organisms. They have an exoskeleton of feathers.
Function — To facilitate flying.
Question 4
Rearrange the following categories of classification in their proper sequence starting with the
highest.
species, family, genus, class, order, phylum.
Answer
Phylum → Class → Order → Family → Genus → Species
Question 5
Rewrite the following scientific names correctly.
ficus religiosa (peepal), zea Mays (maize) and Bombyx Mori (silk moth).
Answer
1. Ficus religiosa (Peepal)
2. Zea mays (Maize)
3. Bombyx mori (Silkmoth)
Question 6
Match the names of animal groups in Column I with the names of animals in column II.
Column I (Group) Column II (Animals)
Annelida Pigeon
Porifera Snake
Mollusca Earthworm
Reptilia Sponge
Amphibia Octopus
Pisces Trout
Mammal Rabbit
Which names are left out that do not match and why?
Answer
Column I Column II
Annelida Earthworm
Porifera Sponge
Mollusca Octopus
Reptilia Snake
Pisces Trout
Mammal Rabbit
Amphibia from Column I and Pigeon from column II are left out. They do not match as Pigeon comes
under Class Aves and not Class Amphibia.
Question 7
Give the scientific names of man, domestic cat, and peepal tree.
Answer
Man — Homo sapiens
Domestic cat — Felis domesticus
Peepal tree — Ficus religiosa
Question 8
Why are scientific names of living beings considered better than their common names?
Answer
In science, people from different countries with different languages have to read about each others
research. So, it was necessary to eliminate any possible confusion created by local names. Scientific
names are based on certain rules which are universal. They are unique and can be used to identify an
organism anywhere around the world. That is why, scientific names of living beings are considered
better than their common names.
Question 9
Mention any two drawbacks in classifying organisms under the old two kingdom classification.
Answer
Carolus Linnaeus In 1758, anciently divided all living organisms into two kingdoms : The drawbacks of
this classification are:
1. Bacteria were kept in Kingdom Plantae. These organisms have no chlorophyll and do not
carry out photosynthesis. Bacteria do not have a definite nucleus nor a nuclear membrane
nor chromosomes.
2. Fungi were kept in Kingdom Plantae. Bread mould is a multicellular fungi. However, it does
not possess roots, stem and leaves, lacks chlorophyll and does bear any flowers, fruits and
seeds like plants.
Question 10
All humans on earth today may differ widely in their facial features, colour, height, etc. Yet, they
belong to a single species Homo sapiens. Give one reason why they are not considered belonging to
different species.
Answer
Species means an organism of a particular kind whose members can interbreed among themselves
to produce fertile young ones.
All humans on the earth today may differ widely in their facial features, colour, height, etc. Yet, they
belong to a single species Homo sapiens because they can interbreed among themselves and
produce a normal offspring.
Question 11
Give any one difference between each of the following :
(a) Insecta and Arachnida
(b) Flatworm and Roundworm
Answer
(a) Insecta have three pairs of legs whereas Arachnida have four pairs of legs.
(b) Flatworm has a thin, dorsoventrally flattened body whereas Roundworm has long cylindrical body
that is tapered at both ends.
Question 12
Mention any one major similarity and one major difference in the following pairs of animals:
(a) Insects and Birds
(b) Whales and Fishes
(c) Snakes and Earthworms
(d) Bat and Pigeon
(e) Cuttlefish and Dogfish
(f) Wall lizard and Frog
Answer
(a) Insects and Birds
Similarity — Both Insects and Birds have wings.
Difference — Insects are invertebrates whereas birds as vertebrates.
(b) Whales and Fishes
Similarity — Both Whales and Fishes are aquatic.
Difference — Whales breathe through lungs whereas fishes breathe through gills.
(c) Snakes and Earthworms
Similarity — Both Snakes and Earthworms do not have any limbs.
Difference — Earthworms are invertebrates whereas snakes are vertebrates.
(d) Bat and Pigeon
Similarity — Both Bat and Pigeon breathe through lungs.
Difference — Bats have external ears whereas pigeons have internal ears.
(e) Cuttlefish and Dogfish
Similarity — Both Cuttlefish and Dogfish are marine animals.
Difference — Dogfish is a vertebrate whereas cuttlefish is an invertebrate.
(f) Wall lizard and Frog
Similarity — Both Wall lizard and Frog are cold-blooded.
Difference — Wall lizards live on land whereas frogs can live both on land and water.
Long Answer Type
Question 1
Distinguish between the following pairs :
(a) Invertebrates and vertebrates
(b) Ectothermal and Homeothermal animals
(c) Monera and Protista
(d) Bryophytes and Pteridophytes
(e) Roundworms and Ringed worms
Answer
(a) Difference between Invertebrates and vertebrates:
Invertebrates Vertebrates
No internal skeleton. They have an internal skeleton.
Backbone is not present. Backbone is present.
Tail is absent. Tail is present.
Heart is present on dorsal side. Heart is on ventral side of the body
Nerve cord is ventral and solid. Nerve cord is dorsal and hollow.
Three or more pairs of limbs, if present. Two pairs of limbs.
Haemoglobin, if present, is dissolved. Haemoglobin is present in red blood cells.
(b) Difference between Ectothermal and Homeothermal animals:
Ectothermal animals Homeothermal animals
Internal body temperature relies on external A constant internal temperature is maintained which is not affected
temperature. by external temperature.
Example - Amphibians, Reptiles Example - Mammals, Aves
(c) Difference between Monera and Protista:
Monera Protista
They are prokaryotes. They are eukaryotes.
Membrane bound cell organelles are absent. Membrane bound cell organelles are present.
Example - Bacteria Example - Amoeba, Euglena
(d) Difference between Bryophytes and Pteridophytes:
Bryophytes Pteridophytes
True leaves, stems or roots are absent. True leaves, stems or roots are present.
Bryophytes Pteridophytes
Non-vascular Vascular
Example - Moss, liverwort Example - Fern
(e) Difference between Roundworms and Ringed worms:
Roundworms Ringed worms
Belong to Phylum Nematoda. Belong to Phylum Annelida.
Soft, round, cylindrical body. Soft, cylindrical ring-like segmented body.
False body cavity present. True body cavity present.
Question 2
Explain the meaning of the terms cold-blooded and warm-blooded (homeothermal).
Answer
Cold-blooded animals — These animals cannot maintain their body temperature. Their body
temperature fluctuates directly with the temperature of the environment. Animals of classes Pisces,
Amphibia, Reptilia are cold-blooded animals.
Warm-blooded animals (homeothermal) — These animals maintain an almost constant, relatively
high body temperature irrespective of the temperature of the environment. Animals of classes Aves
and Mammalia are warm-blooded or homeothermal animals.
Structured / Application / Skill Type
Question 1
Study the figure given below and answer the following questions.
(a) Identify the organism shown in the picture.
(b) To which kingdom does the organism belong?
(c) Mention two characteristics of the organism that differentiate it from plants.
Answer
(a) The organism shown in the picture is Toadstool (a mushroom).
(b) The organism belongs to the Kingdom Fungi.
(c) Two characteristics of the Toadstool that differentiates it from plants are:
1. Toadstool (mushroom) does not have roots, stem and leaves whereas plants have roots,
stem and leaves.
2. Fungi have no chlorophyll whereas plants have chlorophyll and they make their own food by
photosynthesis (autotrophic i.e. self nourishing).
Question 2
Look at the figure given below and answer the question that follow :
(a) Mention the kingdom, phylum and class to which the organism belongs.
(b) Write any two significant characteristics of the organism belonging to the class mentioned in (i).
(c) Mention two key features of the phylum mentioned in (i) and write the names of the five classes
that it has been divided into.
Answer
(a) The organism belongs:
Kingdom — Animalia
Phylum — Chordata
Class — Aves
(b) The two significant characteristics of the organism belonging to the class Aves are :
1. Their forelimbs are modified into wings.
2. They are warm blooded or homeothermal.
(c) The two key features of the phylum Chordata are:
1. They have an internal skeleton.
2. A backbone is present.
The names of the five classes that it has been divided into are :
1. Pisces(Fishes)
2. Amphibia(Frog)
3. Reptilia(Lizards)
4. Aves (Birds)
5. Mammalia (Hairy quadrupeds)
Question 3
The figures shown below represent animals of one phylum.
(a) Mention the phylum to which the above animals belong.
(b) Write the habitat of these animals.
(c) Identify the animals (A, B, C and D).
(d) Name the cavity enclosed by the two-layered body wall.
(e) Name the locomotory structure shown in the figures.
Answer
(a) Cnidaria
(b) Aquatic habitat
(c) The animals are:
A → Sea anemone
B → Hydra
C → Jellyfish
D → Red Coral
(d) Coelenteron
(e) Tentacles
Question 4
TYRANNOSAURUS (One of the extinct animals which lived on the Earth about 100,000,000 years ago)
Tyrannosaurus was about six metres long and it preyed upon other animals.
What do you think about its classification — was it an amphibian, a reptile or a mammal? Can you
call it a relative of Kangaroo? Yes/No. Give reason
Answer
Tyrannosaurus are reptile.
Tyrannosaurus is not a relative of Kangaroo as Kangaroo is a mammal and Tyrannosaurus is a reptile.
Characteristics of Tyrannosaurus:
1. Body had scales which can be horny.
2. Lays eggs that have a leathery shell.
3. Had three-chambered heart as ventricles are partially divided.
4. Cold-blooded animals.