his passage explains that a research report is more than just a summary of
facts—it is a bridge between discovered information and personal
application.
Here is a breakdown of what that definition actually means for you as a
student:
1. The Physical Requirement
Format: It must be typed (not handwritten) to ensure professional
presentation.
Length: A standard report is typically 6 to 12 pages. This range is
long enough to show deep investigation but short enough to stay
focused on a specific topic.
2. The Two "Ingredients" of a Report
According to the text, a successful report isn't just a "copy-paste" of what
you found. It requires two parts:
The Research: The factual data, theories, and information you
gathered from books, journals, or experiments.
Your Interpretation: This is your own "voice." It involves explaining
what the data means and how it connects to your specific course or
assignment.
3. The "Secret Ingredient": Applicability
The passage emphasizes that the key to success is showing how the
research matters in the real world or your future career.
Field of Work: If you are studying to be a teacher, you shouldn't just
explain a theory; you should explain how that theory will change the
way you teach in a classroom.
The "So What?" Factor: You must answer the question: "Now that I
know this, how will I use it?"
Comparison: A Good vs. Great Report
Featur
A "Just Okay" Report A "Successful" Report
e
Conten Only lists facts from Combines facts with the student's
Featur
A "Just Okay" Report A "Successful" Report
e
t Google. analysis.
Stays theoretical and
Focus Explains applicability to a specific field.
abstract.
To show you read the To show you understand and can use
Goal
material. the material.
Research Report Identification Guide
1. Abstract Explanation: This is a "mini-version" of the whole
paper. It provides a quick overview so readers can decide if the
full report is relevant to them.
2. Research Report Explanation: This refers to the entire
document. It is a formal presentation of your findings,
supported by evidence and structured logic.
3. Methodology Explanation: Think of this as the "how-to"
section. It describes the step-by-step process of how you
gathered your data and who participated in the study.
Getty Images
4. Introduction Explanation: This sets the stage. It provides the
background (rationale) and explains why the research problem
is worth solving in the first place.
5. Conclusion Explanation: This is the final verdict. It doesn't just
repeat the data; it provides a "generalization" or a big-picture
takeaway based on what you found.
6. References Explanation: This is your bibliography. It lists every
source you used to ensure you give credit to other researchers
and avoid plagiarism.
7. Research Instruments Explanation: These are the actual tools
used to collect data, such as surveys, questionnaires,
interview guides, or observation checklists.
8. Results and Discussion Explanation: This is where the data is
revealed. "Results" show what happened, while "Discussion"
explains what those results mean in a deeper context.
9. Plagiarism Explanation: This is a major ethical violation in
research. It involves taking someone else's intellectual
property and passing it off as your own.
10. Body Explanation: This is the central part of the report. It
contains the detailed evidence, supporting arguments, and
citations that build the case for your final conclusion.
Summary Table for Your Notebook
Question
Answer Key Identifying Phrase
#
1 Abstract "Summarizes the intent... and findings"
"Presentation of evidence... 6-12
2 Research Report
pages"
"Research designs, respondents,
3 Methodology
sampling"
"Rationale... justification on
4 Introduction
importance"
5 Conclusion "Statement of generalization"
"Indicate books, journals, and online
6 References
references"
Research
7 "Tools that measure variables"
Instruments
Results and
8 "Interpretation and in-depth analysis"
Discussion
"Without even mentioning the authors'
9 Plagiarism
names"
10 Body "Contains the details... and citations"
1. Quantitative Research
Quantitative research is all about quantities—numbers, scales, and
statistics. It aims to remain objective and look for patterns, averages, and
correlations.
Goal: To test hypotheses, look at cause and effect, and make
predictions.
Data Type: Numbers, percentages, and measurements.
Sample Size: Usually large (to represent a whole population).
Common Tools: Multiple-choice surveys, experiments, and clinical
trials.
Example: "How many students in the Philippines use AI for homework
more than three times a week?" (The answer will be a specific
percentage).
2. Qualitative Research
Qualitative research is about qualities—meanings, experiences, and
descriptions. It aims to understand the "why" and "how" behind human
behavior or social phenomena.
Goal: To explore ideas, understand experiences, and discover
underlying reasons.
Data Type: Words, images, videos, and objects.
Sample Size: Usually small (to get deeper, specific insights).
Common Tools: Open-ended interviews, focus groups, and
observations.
Example: "How do teachers feel about the integration of AI in their
classrooms?" (The answer will be a collection of opinions and stories).
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Explore
Key Differences at a Glance
Feature Quantitative Qualitative
Focus Testing theories Building theories
Approach Objective / Fixed Subjective / Flexible
Content/Thematic
Analysis Statistical analysis
analysis
Question "How much?" or "How
"Why?" or "How?"
Type many?"
Context-specific
Outcome Generalizable findings
insights
o write a professional research report, you need to follow a specific
"architecture." Your text divides this into three big parts: the Front
(Preliminary), the Middle (Body), and the Back (Supplementary).
Here is an explanation of the structure and the 7 steps to get it done.
Part 1: The Three Main Divisions
(1) Preliminary Material (The "Greeting")
This part tells the reader what they are looking at before they start reading
the actual data.
Title: A clear label. (Example: "A Study on the Impact of Mobile Games
on Student Focus")
Abstract: A 1-paragraph summary. If a scientist only had 30 seconds,
they would read this.
(2) Body of the Report (The "Core")
This is where the actual work lives.
Introduction: Why are you doing this?
Literature Review: What do other experts say about this? (Example:
"Smith (2022) found that gaming increases reflexes, but Brown (2023)
found it decreases attention.")
Methodology: How did you do it? Note: Use the Passive Voice (e.g.,
"The surveys were distributed" instead of "I gave out surveys").
Results vs. Discussion: Results is just the facts ("60% said yes").
Discussion is the meaning ("This 60% suggests that...").
(3) Supplementary Material (The "Evidence")
References: Your list of sources.
Appendices: Extra stuff that is too big for the main report, like the full
list of survey questions or raw data tables.
Part 2: The 7 Steps to Writing (The Process)
Step Action Example / Tip
Understand the Ask: "Who is reading this? Is it my teacher or a
1. Analyze
rules. business manager?"
Create a Write your Thesis Statement (your main
2. Plan
"skeleton." argument) first.
3. Gather This takes the most time. Keep a list of
Research information. links/books as you go so you don't lose them!
4. Draft Write the Start with the Methodology and Results while
Body "Meat." they are fresh in your mind.
5. Draft List your Make sure your Appendices are numbered
Supp. sources. (Appendix 1, Appendix 2).
6. Draft Write the Pro-Tip: Write the Abstract last, after the whole
Prelim. summary. report is finished.
Edit and
7. Polish Read it out loud to catch awkward sentences.
proofread.
Important Distinction: Results vs. Discussion
Many students get these confused. Think of it like a doctor’s visit:
Results: The thermometer says you have a 39°C fever. (The Fact)
Discussion: This fever means you likely have an infection and it
matches the symptoms of the flu mentioned in medical books. (The
Meaning)
______________________________________________________________________________
______
1. Active Voice
In the active voice, the subject of the sentence performs the action. It is
direct, clear, and energetic.
Structure: [Subject] + [Verb] + [Object]
When to use: Use this in creative writing, emails, or when you want to
be very clear about who is responsible for an action.
Example: "The researcher collected the samples."
o Subject: The researcher
o Action: Collected
o Object: The samples
2. Passive Voice
In the passive voice, the object (the thing receiving the action) is moved to
the beginning of the sentence. The person doing the action is either moved
to the end or removed entirely.
Structure: [Object] + [to be verb] + [Past Participle]
When to use: This is the standard for Research Reports. It makes
the writing sound more objective and formal because the focus is on
the research, not the person doing the research.
Example: "The samples were collected (by the researcher)."
o Subject (Receiver): The samples
o Action: Were collected
Side-by-Side Comparison
Feature Active Voice Passive Voice
Tone Direct and Personal Objective and Formal
On the "Doer" (The On the "Action" (The
Focus
Researcher) Experiment)
Common Lab Reports, Research,
Essays, Letters, Stories
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