Module 8 Exam 1

Aerodynamics

1. On a swept wing aircraft if both wing tip sections lose lift simultaneously the aircraft will
a) roll
b) pitch nose up
c) pitch nose down

2. Lift on a delta wing aircraft

a) increases with an increased angle of incidence (angle of attack)
b) decreases with an increase in angle of incidence (angle of attack)
c) does not change with a change in angle of incidence (angle of attack)

3. On a straight wing aircraft, stall commences at the

a) root on a high thickness ratio wing
b) tip on a high thickness ratio wing
c) tip on a low thickness ratio wing

4. On a high wing aircraft in a turn

a) the up-going wing loses lift causing a de-stabilising effect
b) the down-going wing gains lift causing a stabilising effect
c) the down-going wing loses lift causing a de-stabilising effect

5. For the same angle of attack, the lift on a delta wing

a) is greater than the lift on a high aspect ratio wing
b) is lower than the lift on a high aspect ratio wing
c) is the same as the lift on a high aspect ratio wing

6. The ISA
a) is taken from the equator
b) is taken from 45 degrees latitude
c) assumes a standard day

7. At higher altitudes as altitude increases, pressure

a) decreases at constant rate
b) increases exponentially
c) decreases exponentially

8. The thrust-drag couple overcomes the lift-weight couple. What direction of force is required to be produced
by the tail of the aircraft to maintain straight and level flight
a) upwards
b) downwards
c) sideways

9. When the pressure is half of that at sea level, what is the altitude?
a) 12,000 ft
b) 8,000 ft
c) 18,000 ft

10. During a turn, the stalling angle

a) increases
b) decreases
c) remains the same
Module 8 Exam 2
Aerodynamics

1. If gauge pressure on a standard day at sea level is 25 PSI, the absolute pressure is 1
a) 10.3 PSI
Module 8 Exam 3
Aerodynamics

1. At stall, the wingtip stagnation point

a) moves toward the lower surface of the wing
b) moves toward the upper surface of the wing
c) doesn’t move

2. How does IAS at the point of stall vary with height?

a) It is practically constant
b) It increases
c) It decreases

3. The rigging angle of incidence of an elevator is

a) the angle between the mean chord line and the horizontal in the rigging position
b) the angle between the bottom surface of the elevator and the horizontal in the rigging position
c) the angle between the bottom surface of the elevator and the longitudinal datum

4. What is the lapse rate with regard to temperature?

a) 1.98oC per 1000 ft
b) 1.98oF per 1000 ft
c) 4oC per 1000 ft

5. What happens to load factor as you decrease turn radius?

a) It increases
b) It decreases
c) It remains constant

6. If you steepen the angle of a banked turn without increasing airspeed or angle of attack, what will the
aircraft do?
a) It will remain at the same height
b) It will sideslip with attendant loss of height
c) It will stall

7. An aircraft wing tends to stall first at

a) the tip due to a higher ratio thickness/chord
b) the tip due to a lower ratio thickness/chord
c) the root due to a higher ratio thickness/chord

8. Dihedral wings combat instability in

a) pitch
b) yaw
c) sideslip

9. To stop aircraft decreasing in height during a sideslip, the pilot can

a) advance the throttle
b) pull back on the control column
c) adjust the rudder position

10. What control surface movements will make an aircraft fitted with ruddervators yaw to the left?
a) Left ruddervator lowered, right ruddervator raised
b) Right ruddervator lowered, left ruddervator raised
c) Both ruddervators raised

2
Module 8 Exam 4
Aerodynamics

1. When a leading edge slat opens, there is a gap between the slat and the wing. This is
a) to allow it to retract back into the wing
b) to allow air through to re-energize the boundary layer on top of the wing
c) to keep the area of the wing the same

2. Which of the following is true?

a) Lift acts at right angles to the wing chord line and weight acts vertically down
b) Lift acts at right angles to the relative airflow and weight acts vertically down
c) Lift acts at right angles to the relative air flow and weight acts at right angles to the aircraft centre
line

3. If the wing tips stall before the root on a swept wing aircraft, the aircraft will
a) roll
b) pitch nose up
c) pitch nose down

4. Lift on a delta wing aircraft

a) increases with an increased angle of incidence (angle of attack)
b) decreases with an increase in angle of incidence (angle of attack)
c) does not change with a change in angle of incidence (angle of attack)

5. On a straight wing aircraft, stall commences at the

a) root on a high thickness ratio wing
b) tip on a high thickness ratio wing
c) tip on a low thickness ratio wing

6. On a high wing aircraft in a turn

a) the up-going wing loses lift causing a de-stabilizing effect
b) the down-going wing gains lift causing a stabilizing effect
c) the down-going wing loses lift causing a de-stabilizing effect

7. For the same angle of attack, the lift on a delta wing

a) is greater than the lift on a high aspect ratio wing
b) is lower than the lift on a high aspect ratio wing
c) is the same as the lift on a high aspect ratio wing

8. Standard sea level temperature is

a) 0 degrees Celsius
b) 15 degrees Celsius
c) 20 degrees Celsius

9. As altitude increases, pressure

a) decreases at constant rate
b) increases exponentially
c) decreases exponentially

10. Deployment of a split flap will

a) increase wing area and increase drag
b) pitch the nose down and decrease drag
c) increase camber and increase drag

3
Module 8 Exam 5
Aerodynamics

1. Lapse rate usually refers to

a) Pressure
b) Density
c) Temperature

2. During a turn, the stalling angle

a) increases
b) decreases
c) remains the same

3. The vertical fin of a single engine aircraft is

a) parallel with both the longitudinal axis and vertical axis
b) parallel with the longitudinal axis but not the vertical axis
c) parallel with the vertical axis but not the longitudinal axis

4. Aircraft flying in the transonic range most often utilize

a) sweptback wings
b) advanced supercritical airfoils
c) high wings

5. Which type of flap changes the area of the wing?

a) Fowler
b) Split
c) Slotted

6. Forward swept wings tend to stall at the root first so the aircraft retains lateral control, so why are they
never used on passenger aircraft?
a) Because the wing tips wash in at high wing loads
b) Because the wing tips wash out at high wing loads
c) Because at high loads their angle of incidence increases and the loads imposed on the wing can
increase until they destroy it

7. What happens to air flowing at the speed of sound when it enters a converging duct?
a) Velocity decreases, pressure and density increase
b) Velocity increases, pressure and density decreases
c) Velocity, pressure and density increase

8. As the angle of attack of an airfoil increases the centre of pressure

a) moves forward
b) moves aft
c) remains stationary

9. An aircraft, which is longitudinally stable, will tend to return to level flight after a movement about which axis?
a) Pitch
b) Roll
c) Yaw

10. Vapour trails from the wingtips of an aircraft in flight are caused by
a) low pressure above the wing and high pressure below the wing causing vortices
b) high pressure above the wing and low pressure below the wing causing vortices
c) low pressure above the wing and high pressure below the wing causing a temperature rise

4
Module 8 Exam 6
Aerodynamics

1. Vortex generators on the wing are most effective at

a) high speed
b) low speed
c) high angles of attack

2. The chord line of a wing is a line that runs from

a) the centre of the leading edge of the wing to the trailing edge
b) half way between the upper and lower surface of the wing
c) one wing tip to the other wing tip

3. The angle of incidence of a wing is an angle formed by lines

a) parallel to the chord line and longitudinal axis
b) parallel to the chord line and the lateral axis
c) parallel to the chord line and the vertical axis

4. The centre of pressure of an aerofoil is located

a) 30 - 40% of the chord line back from the leading edge
b) 30 - 40% of the chord line forward of the leading edge
c) 50% of the chord line back from the leading edge

5. Compressibility effect is
a) drag associated with the form of an aircraft
b) drag associated with the friction of the air over the surface of the aircraft
c) the increase in total drag of an aerofoil in transonic flight due to the formation of shock waves

6. Lateral control of an aircraft at high angle of attack can be maximised by using

a) fences
b) vortex generators
c) wing slots

7. Stall strips are always

a) made of metal
b) on the leading edge of a wing
c) fitted forward of the ailerons

8. Stall strips
a) cause the wing root to stall
b) cause the wing tip to stall
c) cause the wings to stall symmetrically

9. Due to the interference of the airflow on a high wing aircraft between the fuselage and the wings, the lateral
stability of the aircraft in a gusty wind situation will cause
a) the upper wing to increase its lift
b) the upper wing to decrease its lift
c) the lower wing to decrease its lift

10. Slats
a) reduce the stall speed
b) reduce the tendency of the aircraft to Yaw
c) decrease the aerofoil drag at high speeds

5
Module 8 Exam 7
Aerodynamics

1. A high aspect ratio wing will give

a) high profile and low induced drag
b) low profile and high induced drag
c) low profile and low induced drag

2. Aerofoil efficiency is defined by

a) lift over drag
b) drag over lift
c) lift over weight

3. An aircraft banks into a turn. No change is made to the airspeed or angle of attack. What will happen?
a) The aircraft enters a side slip and begins to lose altitude
b) The aircraft turns with no loss of height
c) The aircraft yaws and slows down

4. The relationship between induced drag and airspeed is, induced drag is
a) directly proportional to the square of the speed
b) inversely proportional to the square of the speed
c) directly proportional to speed

5. What is the definition of Angle of Incidence?

a) The angle the underside of the mainplane or tailplane makes with the horizontal
b) The angle the underside of the mainplane or tailplane makes with the longitudinal datum line
c) The angle the chord of the mainplane or tailplane makes with the horizontal

6. What is Boundary Layer?

a) Separated layer of air forming a boundary at the leading edge
b) Turbulent air moving from the leading edge to trailing edge
c) Sluggish low energy air that sticks to the wing surface and gradually gets faster until it joins the free
stream flow of air

7. The normal axis of an aircraft passes through

a) the centre of gravity
b) a point at the centre of the wings
c) at the centre of pressure

8. On a high winged aircraft, what effect will the fuselage have on the up-going wing?
a) The up-going wing will have a decrease in angle of attack and therefore a decrease in lift
b) The down-going will have a decrease in angle of attack and therefore a decrease in lift
c) The up-going wing will have an increase in angle of attack and therefore a decrease in lift

9. What is the collective term for the fin and rudder and other surfaces aft of the centre of gravity that helps
directional stability?
a) Effective keel surface
b) Empennage
c) Fuselage surfaces

10. Temperature above 36,000 feet will

a) decrease exponentially
b) remain constant
c) increase exponentially

6
Module 8 Exam 8
Aerodynamics

1. A decrease in incidence toward the wing tip may be provided to

a) prevent adverse yaw in a turn
b) prevent spanwise flow in maneuvers
c) retain lateral control effectiveness at high angles of attack

2. The angle of attack which gives the best L/D ratio

a) decreases with a decrease in density
b) in unaffected by density changes
c) increases with a decrease in density

3. For a given aerofoil production lift, where [Ref to attached diagram]

P = pressure and V = velocity:
a) P1 is greater than P2, and V1 is greater than V2
b) P1 is less than P2 and V1 is greater than V2
c) P1 is greater than P2, and V1 is less than V2

4. Low wing loading

a) increases stalling speed, landing speed and landing run
b) increases lift, stalling speed and maneuverability
c) decreases stalling speed, landing speed and landing run

5. Due to the change in downwash on an untapered wing (i.e. one of constant chord length) it will
a) not provide any damping effect when rolling
b) tend to stall first at the root
c) not suffer adverse yaw effects when turning

6. True stalling speed of an aircraft increases with altitude

a) because reduced temperature causes compressibility effect
b) because air density is reduced
c) because humidity is increased and this increases drag

7. As a general rule, if the aerodynamic angle of incidence (angle of attack) of an aerofoil is slightly increased,
the centre of pressure will
a) never move
b) move forward towards the leading edge
c) move towards the tip

8. The "wing setting angle" is commonly known as

a) angle of incidence
b) angle of attack
c) angle of dihedral

9. On a very humid day, an aircraft taking off would require

a) a shorter take off run
b) a longer take off run
c) humidity does not affect the take off run

10. An aircraft is flying at 350 MPH, into a head wind of 75 MPH, what will its ground speed be?
a) 175 mph
b) 275 mph
c) 200 mph

7
Module 8 Exam 9
Aerodynamics

1. When does the angle of incidence change?

a) When the aircraft attitude changes
b) When the aircraft is ascending or descending
c) It never changes

2. As the angle of attack decreases, what happens to the centre of pressure?

a) It moves forward
b) It moves rearwards
c) Centre of pressure is not affected by angle of attack decrease

3. A decrease in pressure over the upper surface of a wing or aerofoil is responsible for
a) approximately 2/3 (two thirds) of the lift obtained
b) approximately 1/3 (one third) of the lift obtained
c) approximately 1/2 (one half) of the lift obtained

4. Which of the four forces act on an aircraft?

a) Lift, gravity, thrust and drag
b) Weight, gravity, thrust and drag
c) Lift, weight, gravity and drag

5. Which of the following types of drag increases as the aircraft gains altitude?
a) Parasite drag
b) Induced drag
c) Interference drag

6. Correcting for a disturbance which has caused a rolling motion about the longitudinal axis would
re-establish which of the following?
a) Lateral stability
b) Directional stability
c) Longitudinal stability

7. The layer of air over the surface of an aerofoil which is slower moving, in relation to the rest of the airflow, is
known as
a) camber layer
b) boundary layer
c) none of the above

8. What is a controlling factor of turbulence and skin friction?

a) Aspect ratio
b) Fineness ratio
c) Counter sunk rivets used on skin exterior

9. Changes in aircraft weight

a) will not affect total drag since it is dependant only upon speed
b) cause corresponding changes in total drag due to the associated lift change
c) will only affect total drag if the lift is kept constant

10. The aircraft stalling speed will

a) increase with an increase in weight
b) be unaffected by aircraft weight changes since it is dependant upon the angle of attack
c) only change if the MTMA were changed

8
Module 8 Exam 10
Aerodynamics

1. In a bank and turn

a) extra lift is not required
b) extra lift is not required if thrust is increased
c) extra lift is required

2. To maintain straight and level flight on the aeroplane shown, with a decrease in tail-plane download the
mainplane lift would have to [Ref to attached diagram]
a) remain constant
b) decrease
c) increase

3. To achieve the maximum distance in a glide, the recommended air speed is

a) as close to the stall as practical
b) as high as possible with VNE
c) the speed where the L/D ratio is maximum

4. If the C of G is aft of the Centre of Pressure

a) changes in lift produce a pitching moment which acts to increase the change in lift
b) when the aircraft sideslips, the C of G causes the nose to turn into the sideslip thus applying a
restoring moment
c) when the aircraft yaws the aerodynamic forces acting forward of the Centre of Pressure

5. Porpoising is an oscillatory motion in the

a) pitch plane
b) roll plane
c) yaw plane

6. Directional stability is maintained

a) by the mainplanes, and controlled by the ailerons
b) by the tailplane, and controlled by the elevators
c) by the keel surface and fin, and controlled by the rudder

7. Due to the interference effects of the fuselage, when a high wing aeroplane sideslips
a) the accompanying rolling due to keel surface area is destabilizing
b) the accompanying lift changes on the wings produces a stabilizing effect
c) the accompanying rolling due to the fin is destabilizing

8. The power required in a horizontal turn

a) is greater than that for level flight at the same airspeed
b) must be the same as that for level flight at the same airspeed
c) is less than that for level flight at the same airspeed

9. A wing mounted stall sensing device is located

a) usually on the under surface
b) always at the wing tip
c) always on the top surface

10. For an aircraft in a glide

a) thrust, drag, lift and weight act on the aircraft
b) weight, lift and drag act on the aircraft
c) weight and drag only act on the aircraft

9
Module 8 Exam 11
Aerodynamics

1. The upper part of the wing in comparison to the lower

a) develops more lift
b) develops the same lift
c) develops less lift

2. What effect would a forward CG have on an aircraft on landing?

a) Increase stalling speed
b) No effect on landing
c) Reduce stalling speed

3. QNH refers to
a) quite near horizon
b) setting the altimeter to zero
c) setting the mean sea level atmospheric pressure so an altimeter reads the aerodrome altitude
above mean sea level

4. QNE refers to
a) Setting an altimeter to read aerodrome altitude above sea level
b) quite new equipment
c) setting the mean sea level atmospheric pressure in accordance with ICAO standard atmosphere i.e.
1013 millibars

5. An aspect ratio of 8 would mean

a) span 64, mean chord 8
b) mean chord 64 , span 8
c) span squared 64 ,chord 8

6. If an aircraft in level flight loses engine power it will

a) pitch nose up
b) pitch nose down
c) not change pitch without drag increasing

7. QFE is
a) sea level pressure
b) airfield pressure
c) difference between sea level and airfield pressure

8. The lift /drag ratio at stall

a) increases
b) decreases
c) is unchanged

9. On a straight unswept wing, stall occurs at

a) the thick portion, at the wing root
b) the thick portion, at the wing tip
c) the thin portion, at the wing tip

10. During a climb from a dive

a) the thrust required is greater than required for level flight
b) the thrust required is lower than for level flight
c) the thrust required is the same as for level flight

10
Module 8 Exam 12
Aerodynamics

1. When power is off, the aircraft will pitch

a) nose down
b) nose up
c) trim level

2. Angle of attack on a down going wing in a roll

a) increases
b) decreases
c) unaffected

3. For any given speed, a decrease in aircraft weight, the induced drag will
a) increase
b) decrease
c) remain the same

4. The amount of lift generated by a wing is

a) greatest at the root
b) greatest at the tip
c) constant along the span

5. Induced Drag is
a) greatest towards the wing root and downwash is greatest at the tip
b) greatest towards the wing tip and downwash is greatest towards the root
c) greatest towards the tip and downwash decreases from tip to root

6. Induced Drag is
a) equal to profile drag at stalling angle
b) equal to profile drag at Vmd
c) never equal to profile drag

7. With an increase in aircraft weight

a) Vmd will be at the same speed
b) Vmd will be at a lower speed
c) Vmd will be at a higher speed

8. For a given IAS an increase in altitude will result in

a) no change in the value of induced drag
b) an increase in induced drag
c) an increase in profile drag

9. As the angle of attack of a wing is increased in level flight

a) the Cof G moves aft and the Cof P forward
b) the Cof P and transition point move forward
c) the Cof P moves forward and the stagnation point aft over the upper surface

10. Stall inducers may be fitted to a wing

a) at the tip to cause the root to stall first
b) at the root to cause the tip to stall first
c) at the root to cause the root to stall first

11
Module 8 Exam 13
Aerodynamics

1. With increasing altitude pressure decreases and

a) temperature decreases at the same rate as pressure reduces
b) temperature decreases but at a lower rate than pressure reduces
c) temperature remains constant to 8000 ft

2. When deployed a Krueger Flap

a) increases the leading edge camber
b) allows high pressure air from beneath the wing to flow to the top
c) energizes the air flowing over the ailerons

3. Which conditions will give the shortest take off distance?

a) Hot Humid day at high elevation
b) Cold winter day at sea level
c) Hot summer day at sea level

4. The optimum angle of attack of an aerofoil is the angle at which

a) the aerofoil produces maximum lift
b) the aerofoil produces zero lift
c) the highest lift/drag ratio is produced

5. A high aspect ratio wing has a

a) increased induced drag
b) decreased induced drag
c) decreased skin friction drag

6. Minimum total drag of an aircraft occurs

a) at the stalling speed
b) when profile drag equals induced drag
c) when induced drag is least

7. If the weight of an aircraft is increased, the induced drag at a given speed

a) will increase
b) will decrease
c) will remain the same

8. The transition point on a wing is the point where

a) the flow separates from the wing surface
b) the boundary layer flow changes from laminar to turbulent
c) the flow divides to pass above and below the wing

9. The boundary layer of a body in a moving airstream is

a) a thin layer of air over the surface where the air is stationary
b) a layer of separated flow where the air is turbulent
c) a layer of air over the surface where the airspeed is changing from free stream speed to zero speed

10. A laminar boundary layer will produce

a) more skin friction drag than a turbulent one
b) less skin friction drag than a turbulent one
c) the same skin friction drag as a turbulent one

12
Module 8 Exam 14
Aerodynamics

1. Longitudinal stability is given by

a) the fin
b) the wing dihedral
c) the horizontal tailplane

2. Lateral stability is given by

a) the ailerons
b) the wing dihedral
c) the horizontal tailplane

3. Stability about the lateral axis is given by

a) wing dihedral
b) the horizontal tailplane
c) the ailerons

4. Sweepback of the wings will

a) increase lateral stability
b) decrease lateral stability
c) not affect the lateral stability

5. Dutch Roll is
a) a combined rolling and yawing motion
b) a type of slow roll
c) primarily a pitching instability

6. A high wing position gives

a) more lateral stability than a low wing
b) less lateral stability than a low wing
c) the same lateral stability as a low wing

7. On an aircraft in an unpowered steady speed descent

a) the lift equals the weight
b) the weight equals the drag
c) the weight equals the resultant of the lift and drag

8. When an aircraft rolls to enter a turn and power is not increased

a) the lift equals the weight
b) the lift is greater than the weight
c) the lift is less than the weight

9. The boundary layer is

a) thickest at the leading edge
b) thickest at the trailing edge
c) constant thickness from leading to trailing edges

10. The amount of thrust produced by a jet engine or a propeller can be calculated using
a) Newton’s 1st law
b) Newton’s 2nd law
c) Newton’s 3rd law

13
Module 8 Exam 15
Aerodynamics

1. An engine which produces an efflux of high speed will be

a) more efficient
b) less efficient
c) speed of efflux has no affect on the engine efficiency

2. When an aircraft with a Cof G forward of the Cof P rolls, the nose of the aircraft will
a) stay level
b) rise
c) drop

3. Directional stability may be increased with

a) pitch dampers
b) horn balance
c) yaw dampers

4. Lateral stability may be increased with

a) increased lateral dihedral
b) increased lateral anhedral
c) increased longitudinal dihedral

5. Longitudinal stability is increased if the

a) CP moves forward of the CG
b) Thrust acts on a line below the total drag
c) CG is forward of the CP

6. Wing loading is calculated by weight

a) divided by gross wing area
b) divided by lift
c) multiplied by gross wing area

7. Induced drag is
a) inversely proportional to the square of speed
b) proportional to speed
c) nothing to do with speed

8. In a bank, the weight is

a) increased
b) decreased
c) the same

9. L/D ratio is
a) higher at supersonic cruise speed
b) higher at sub sonic speed
c) the same

10. The power required at low altitude for a given IAS is

a) the same as at high altitude
b) higher
c) lower

14
Module 8 Exam 16
Aerodynamics

1. If the stall speed is 75 knots. What is the same stall speed in mph?
a) 75 x 0.87
b) 75 / 0.87
c) 75 / 0.87 x relative density

2. As the angle of attack increases the stagnation point

a) moves towards the upper surface
b) moves towards the lower surface
c) does not move

3. The term pitch-up is due to

a) compressibility effect
b) ground effect
c) longitudinal instability

4. In a steady climb at a steady IAS, the TAS is

a) more than IAS
b) less than IAS
c) the same

5. An untapered straight wing will

a) have no yaw effect in banking
b) have no change in induced drag in the bank
c) stall at the root first

6. With the ailerons away from the neutral, induced drag is

a) unchanged but profile drag is higher
b) higher on the lower wing plus profile drag increases
c) higher on the upper wing plus profile drag increases

7. The lift/drag ratio is

a) higher at mach numbers above supersonic
b) higher at sub sonic mach numbers
c) the same

8. The force opposing thrust is

a) drag
b) lift
c) Weight

9. Directional stability is about the

a) normal axis
b) longitudinal axis
c) lateral axis

10. Lateral stability is about the

a) longitudinal axis
b) normal axis
c) vertical axis

15
Module 8 Exam 17
Aerodynamics

1. All the lift can be said to act through the

a) centre of pressure
b) centre of gravity
c) normal axis

2. Longitudinal stability is provided by the

a) horizontal stabilizer
b) vertical stabilizer
c) mainplane

3. The concept of thrust is explained by

a) Newton’s 1st law
b) Newton’s 3rd law
c) Bernoulli’s theorem

4. The camber of an aerofoil section is

a) the curvature of the median line of the aerofoil
b) the angle of incidence towards the tip of a wing
c) the angle which the aerofoil makes with the relative airflow

5. If the aircraft turns and side-slips

a) the sweepback of the wing will correct the sideslip
b) the dihedral of the wing will correct the sideslip
c) the keel surface will correct the sideslip

6. Movement of an aircraft about its lateral axis

a) is pitching
b) is rolling
c) is yawing

7. Induced drag
a) is caused by skin friction
b) results from disturbed airflow in the region of mainplane attachments
c) is associated with the lift generated by an aerofoil

8. What is the temperature in comparison to ISA conditions at 30,000ft?

a) - 60C
b) - 56C
c) - 45C

9. At what altitude is the tropopause?

a) 63,000 ft.
b) 36,000 ft.
c) 57,000 ft.

10. What approximate percentage of oxygen is in the atmosphere?

a) 12%
b) 21%
c) 78%

16
Module 8 Exam 18
Aerodynamics

1. Which has the greater density?

a) Air at low altitude
b) Air at high altitude
c) It remains constant

2. As air flows over the upper cambered surface of an aerofoil, what happens to velocity and pressure?
a) Velocity decreases, pressure decreases
b) Velocity increases, pressure increases
c) Velocity increases, pressure decreases

3. What is the force that tends to pull an aircraft down towards the earth?
a) Drag
b) Thrust
c) Weight

4. Which of the following act in opposition to forward movement?

a) Lift
b) Gravity
c) Drag

5. The angle at which the chord line of the aerofoil is presented to the airflow is known as
a) angle of attack
b) angle of incidence
c) resultant

6. The imaginary straight line which passes through an aerofoil section from leading edge to trailing edge is
called
a) centre of pressure
b) the direction of relative airflow
c) the chord line

7. What is the angle between the chord line of the wing, and the longitudinal axis of the aircraft, known as
a) angle of attack
b) angle of incidence
c) angle of dihedral

8. An aircraft disturbed from its normal flight path, and automatically returns to that normal flight path, without
any action on the part of the pilot is known as
a) aircraft stability
b) aircraft instability
c) aircraft stall

9. Directional control is provided by

a) horizontal stabilizer
b) rudder
c) elevator

10. About which axis of the aircraft does a rolling motion take place?
a) Normal axis
b) Longitudinal axis
c) Lateral axis

17
Module 8 Exam 19
Aerodynamics

1. Which motion happens about the lateral axis?

a) Pitching
b) Yawing
c) Rolling

2. Wing tip vortices create a type of drag known as

a) form drag
b) induced drag
c) profile drag

3. Which of the following describes the “Empennage”?

a) Nose section of an aircraft, including the cockpit
b) Tail section of the aircraft, including fin, rudder, tail plane and elevators
c) The wings, including the ailerons

4. At what altitude does stratosphere commence approximately?

a) Sea level
b) 63,000 ft
c) 36,000 ft

5. When an aircraft is in straight and level unaccelerated flight, which of the following is correct?
a) Lift and weight are equal, and thrust and drag are equal
b) Lift greater than weight, and thrust greater than drag
c) Lift greater than weight, and thrust is less than drag

6. As the angle of attack is increased (up to the stall point), which of the following is correct?
a) Pressure difference between top and bottom of the wing increases
b) Lift increases
c) Both a) and b) are correct

7. The fin gives stability about which axis?

a) Lateral axis
b) Normal axis
c) Longitudinal axis

8. What is the horizontal movement of the nose of the aircraft called?

a) Rolling movement
b) Pitching movement
c) Yawing movement

9. What type of drag, depends on the smoothness of the body, and surface area over which the air flows?
a) Parasite drag
b) Form drag
c) Skin friction drag

10. If the nose of the aircraft is rotated about its lateral axis, what is its directional movement?
a) Turning to the left or right
b) Rolling or banking to the left or right
c) Climbing or diving

18
Module 8 Exam 20
Aerodynamics

1. When air flow velocity over an upper cambered surface of an aerofoil decreases, what takes place?
a) Pressure increases, lift decreases
b) Pressure increases, lift increases
c) Pressure decreases, lift increases

2. When an aircraft stalls

a) lift and drag increase
b) lift increases and drag decreases
c) lift decreases and drag increases

3. Wing loading is
a) the maximum all up weight multiplied by the total wing area
b) the maximum all up weight divided by the total wing area
c) the ratio of the all up weight of the aircraft to its basic weight

4. An aircraft wing with an aspect ration of 6:1 is proportional so that

a) the mean chord is six times the thickness
b) the wing span is six times the mean chord
c) the wing area is six times the span

5. Upward and outward inclination of a mainplane is termed

a) sweep
b) dihedral
c) stagger

6. The function of an aircraft fin

a) is to provide stability about the normal axis
b) is to provide directional control
c) is to provide straight airflow across the rudder

7. Movement of an aircraft about its normal axis

a) is pitching
b) is rolling
c) is yawing

8. A pressure of one atmosphere is equal to

a) 14.7 psi
b) 100 millibar
c) 1 inch Hg.

9. The millibar is a unit of

a) atmospheric temperature
b) pressure altitude
c) barometric pressure

10. With an increase in altitude under I.S.A. conditions the temperature in the troposphere
a) increases
b) decreases
c) remains constant

19
Module 8 Exam 21
Aerodynamics

1. Which of the following forces act on an aircraft in level flight?

a) Lift, thrust, and weight
b) Lift, thrust, weight, and drag
c) Lift, drag, thrust

2. When an aircraft is banked, the horizontal component of the lift

a) will tend to make the aircraft follow a circular path
b) will oppose the tendency of the aircraft to follow a circular path
c) will oppose the weight thus requiring more total lift in the turn

3. If, after a disturbance, an aeroplane initially returns to its equilibrium state

a) it has neutral stability
b) it has static stability and may be dynamically stable
c) it is neutrally unstable

4. Stability of an aircraft is
a) the tendency of the aircraft to return to its original trimmed position after having been displaced
b) the ability of the aircraft to rotate about an axis
c) the tendency of the aircraft to stall at low airspeeds

5. With reference to altimeters QFE is

a) setting aerodrome atmospheric pressure so that an altimeter reads zero on landing and take off
b) quite fine equipment
c) the manufacturers registered name

6. Under the ICAO “Q” code there are which three settings?
a) QFE , QNH , QNE
b) QEF , QNH , QEN
c) QE , QN , QQE

7. Wing loading is
a) GROSS WEIGHT divided by GROSS WING AREA
b) WING AREA x WING CHORD
c) the ultimate tensile strength of the wing

8. The three axes concerned with stability of an aircraft have

a) normal axis through C of G. Lateral axis - wing tip to wing tip. Longitudinal axis - nose to tail but not
through C of G
b) longitudinal, lateral and normal axis all passing through aircraft centre of gravity
c) longitudinal axis nose to tail, lateral axis at furthest span point, normal axis through centre of
pressure

9. A barometer indicates
a) pressure
b) density
c) temperature

10. If an aircraft returns to a position of equilibrium it is said to be

a) negatively stable
b) neutrally stable
c) positively stable

20
Module 8 Exam 22
Aerodynamics

1. The pendulum effect on a high wing aircraft

a) increases lateral stability
b) decreases lateral stability
c) has no effect on lateral stability

2. The amount of water vapour capacity in the air (humidity holding capacity of the air) is
a) greater on a colder day, and lower on a hotter day
b) greater on a hotter day and lower on a colder day
c) doesn't have a significant difference

3. Weight is equal to
a) volume x gravity
b) mass x acceleration
c) mass x gravity

4. Induced drag
a) increases with an increase in speed
b) reduces with an increase in angle of attack
c) increases with increase in aircraft weight

5. Airflow over the upper surface of the wing generally

a) flows towards the root
b) flows towards the tip
c) flows straight from leading edge to trailing edge

6. With an increase in aspect ratio for a given IAS, induced drag will
a) remain constant
b) increase
c) reduce

7. With increasing altitude the angle at which a wing will stall

a) remains the same
b) reduces
c) increases

8. If the density of the air is increased, the lift will

a) increase
b) decrease
c) remain the same

9. All the factors that affect the lift produced by an aerofoil are
a) angle of attack, air density, velocity, wing area
b) angle of attack, air temperature, velocity, wing area
c) angle of attack, velocity, wing area, aerofoil shape, air density

10. A wing section suitable for high speed would be

a) thick with high camber
b) thin with high camber
c) thin with little or no camber

21
Module 8 Exam 23
Aerodynamics

1. The induced drag of an aircraft

a) increases with increasing speed
b) increases if aspect ratio is increased
c) decreases with increasing speed

2. As the speed of an aircraft increases the profile drag

a) increases
b) decreases
c) decreases at first then increase

3. The stagnation point on an aerofoil is the point where

a) the suction pressure reaches a maximum
b) the boundary layer changes from laminar to turbulent
c) the airflow is brought completely to rest

4. After a disturbance in pitch, an aircraft continues to oscillate at constant amplitude. It is

a) longitudinally unstable
b) longitudinally neutrally stable
c) laterally unstable

5. On an aircraft with an all-moving tailplane nose up pitch is caused by

a) increasing tailplane incidence
b) decreasing tailplane incidence
c) up movement of the trim tab

6. The stalling of an aerofoil is affected by the

a) airspeed
b) angle of attack
c) transition speed

7. What gives the aircraft directional stability?

a) Vertical stabiliser
b) Horizontal stabiliser
c) Elevators

8. The most fuel efficient of the following types of engine is the

a) rocket
b) turbo-jet engine
c) turbo-fan engine

9. The quietest of the following types of engine is the

a) rocket
b) turbo-jet engine
c) turbo-fan engine

10. Forward motion of a glider is provided by

a) the engine
b) the weight
c) the drag

22
Module 8 Exam 24
Aerodynamics

1. Profile drag consists of what drag types?

a) Form, skin friction and interference
b) Form, induced and skin friction
c) Form, induced and interference

2. An aircraft in straight and level flight is subject to

a) zero load factor
b) a load factor of 1
c) a load factor of 1/2

3. Aspect ratio is given by the formula

a) Mean Chord
Span
b) Span2
Area
c) Span2
Mean Chord

4. On a high wing aircraft in a turn

a) the up going wing loses lift which has a de-stabilizing effect
b) the down going wing gains lift causing a stabilizing effect
c) the down going wing loses lift causing a de-stabilizing effect

5. Which condition is the actual amount of water vapour in a mixture of air and water?
a) Relative humidity
b) Dew point
c) Absolute humidity

6. An aspect ratio of 8 means

a) the span is 8 times the mean chord
b) the mean chord is 8 times the span
c) the area is 8 times the span

7. In a turn, if your centrifugal force is greater than the horizontal component of lift
a) You are slipping
b) You are skidding
c) You are in a coordinated turn

8. Which will weigh the least?

a) 98 parts of dry air and 2 parts of water vapour
b) 35 parts of dry air and 65 parts of water vapour
c) 50 parts of dry air and 50 parts of water vapour

9. A high aspect ratio wing

a) is stiffer than a low aspect ratio wing
b) has less induced drag than a low aspect ratio wing
c) has a higher stall angle than a low aspect ratio wing

10. The thrust line of an engine may be set slightly to the right on aircraft manufacture to
a) counteract the turning tendency due to propeller torque
b) assist in a climbing turn
c) prevent horizontal oscillation

23
Module 8 Exam 25
Aerodynamics

1. Induced downwash
a) reduces the effective angle of attack of the wing
b) increases the effective angle of attack of the wing
c) has no effect on the angle of attack of the wing

2. During a turn, the stalling angle

a) increases
b) decreases
c) remains the same

3. Which is the ratio of the water vapour actually present in the atmosphere to the amount that would be
present if the air were saturated at the prevailing temperature and pressure?
a) Absolute humidity
b) Relative humidity
c) Dew point

4. A straight rectangular wing, without any twist, will

a) have greater angle of attack at the tip
b) have the same angle of attack at all points along the span
c) have less angle of attack at the tip

5. Given 2 wings, the first with a span of 12m and a chord of 2 m. The second has a span of 6m and a chord
of 1m. How do their Aspect Ratios compare?
a) The first is higher
b) The second is higher
c) They are the same

6. The C of G moves in flight. The most likely cause of this is

a) movement of passengers
b) movement of cargo
c) consumption of fuel and oils

7. The speed of sound in the atmosphere

a) varies according to the frequency of the sound
b) changes with a change in temperature
c) changes with a change in pressure

8. A straight rectangular wing, without any twist, will

a) stall first at the tip
b) stall first at the root
c) stall equally along the span of the wing

9. What is sea level pressure?

a) 1013.2 mb
b) 1012.3 mb
c) 1032.2 mb

10. Which atmospheric conditions will cause the true landing speed of an aircraft to be the greatest?
a) Low temperature with low humidity
b) High temperature with low humidity
c) High temperature with high humidity

24
Module 8 Exam 26
Aerodynamics

1. In flight if your aircraft nose gets an upward gust of wind, what characteristic will have the greatest effect to
counteract it?
a) Horizontal stabiliser and fuselage length
b) Wing Sweep
c) Position of the centre of pressure relative to the centre of gravity

2. When the weight of an aircraft increases, the minimum drag speed

a) decreases
b) increases
c) remains the same

3. Which statement concerning heat and/or temperature is true?

a) There is an inverse relationship between temperature and heat.
b) Temperature is a measure of the kinetic energy of the molecules of any substance
c) Temperature is a measure of the potential energy of the molecules of any substance

4. To correct dutch roll you must damp oscillation around:

a) The vertical axis
b) The lateral axis
c) The longitudinal axis

5. When an aircraft experiences induced drag

a) air flows under the wing spanwise towards the tip and on top of the wing spanwise towards the root
b) air flows under the wing spanwise towards the root and on top of the wing spanwise towards the tip
c) Neither a) or b) since induced drag does not cause spanwise flow

6. What is absolute humidity?

a) The temperature to which humid air must be cooled at constant pressure to become saturated.
b) The actual amount of the water vapour in a mixture of air and water
c) The ratio of the water vapour actually present in the atmosphere to the amount that would be
present if the air were saturated at the prevailing temperature and pressure

7. If the load factor on an aircraft is 2, the stall speed is

a) increased
b) decreased
c) stays the same

8. An elevator trim tab is used to

a) prevent the control surface from stalling the airflow
b) reduce control column forces on the pilot
c) counteract propeller torque

9. On a power curve graph the intersection of available power and required power against speed gives the
a) most efficient cruise speed
b) minimum drag speed
c) the aircraft's maximum speed

10. An aeroplane wing is designed to produce lift resulting from relatively

a) positive air pressure below and above the wing's surface
b) negative air pressure below the wing's surface and positive air pressure above the wing's surface
c) positive air pressure below the wing's surface and negative air pressure above the wing's surface

25
Module 8 Exam 27
Aerodynamics

1. Aspect ratio of a wing is defined as the ratio of the

a) wingspan to the wing root
b) square of the chord to the wingspan
c) wingspan to the mean chord

2. Which of the following is true?

a) Lift acts at right angles to the wing chord line and weight acts vertically down
b) Lift acts at right angles to the relative airflow and weight acts vertically down
c) Lift acts at right angles to the relative airflow and weight acts at right angles to the aircraft centre
line

3. The temperature to which humid air must be cooled at constant pressure to become saturated is called
a) dewpoint
b) absolute humidity
c) relative humidity

4. The airflow over the upper surface of a cambered wing

a) increases in velocity and pressure
b) increases in velocity and reduces in pressure
c) reduces in velocity and increases in pressure

5. Which type of flap increases the area of the wing?

a) Plain Flap
b) Fowler Flap
c) All flaps

6. If all, or a significant part of a stall strip is missing on an aeroplane wing, a likely result will be
a) increased lift in the area of installation on the opposite wing at high angles of attack
b) asymmetrical aileron control at low angles of attack
c) asymmetrical aileron control at or near stall angles of attack

7. With increased speed in level flight

a) induced drag increases
b) profile drag increases
c) profile drag remains constant

8. Deployment of flaps will result in

a) a decrease in stall angle
b) an increase in stall angle
c) a decrease in angle of attack

9. An aeroplane wing is designed to produce lift resulting from relatively

a) positive air pressure below and above the wing's surface.
b) negative air pressure below the wing's surface and positive air pressure above the wing's surface.
c) positive air pressure below the wing's surface and negative air pressure above the wing's surface.

10. The angle of attack of an aerofoil section is the angle between the
a) chord line and the relative airflow
b) underside of the wing surface and the mean airflow
c) chord line and the centre line of the fuselage

26
Module 8 Exam 28
Aerodynamics

1. A swept wing tends to stall first at the

a) root
b) tip
c) centre section

2. Kreuger Flaps are normally fitted to

a) the trailing edge of the wings
b) the tips of the wings
c) the leading edge of the wings

3. Given an aircraft with positive dihedral in a left turn, what wing will have the bigger angle of attack?
a) Left
b) Right
c) Neither

4. The trailing vortex on a pointed wing (taper ratio = 0) is

a) at the root
b) at the tip
c) equally all along the wing span

5. A high wing aircraft will be more

a) laterally stable than a low wing aircraft
b) longitudinally stable than a low wing aircraft
c) directionally stable than a low wing aircraft

6. A wing with a very high aspect ratio (in comparison with a low aspect ratio wing) will have
a) increased drag at high angles of attack
b) a high stall speed
c) poor control qualities at low airspeeds

7. The lift curve for a delta wing is

a) more steep than that of a high aspect ratio wing
b) less steep than that of a high aspect ratio wing
c) the same as that of a high aspect ratio wing

8. After an aircraft has been disturbed from its straight and level flight, it returns to its original attitude with a
small amount of decreasing oscillation. The aircraft is
a) statically stable but dynamically unstable
b) statically unstable but dynamically stable
c) statically stable and dynamically stable

9. An increase in the speed at which an aerofoil passes through the air increases lift because
a) the increased speed of the airflow creates a greater pressure differential between the upper and
lower surfaces.
b) the increased speed of the airflow creates a lesser pressure differential between the upper and
lower surfaces.
c) the increased velocity of the relative wind increases the angle of attack

10. A delta wing has

a) a higher stall angle than a straight wing
b) a lower stall angle than a straight wing
c) the same stall angle than a straight wing

27
Module 8 Exam 29
Aerodynamics

1. The Lift/Drag ratio of a wing at the stalling angle is

a) of a negative value
b) low
c) high

2. The airflow over the upper surface of a cambered wing

a) increases in velocity and pressure
b) increases in velocity and reduces in pressure
c) reduces in velocity and increases in pressure

3. The speed of air over a swept wing which contributes to the lift is
a) less than the aircraft speed
b) more than the aircraft speed
c) the same as the aircraft speed

4. For a given angle of attack induced drag is

a) greater on a high aspect ratio wing
b) greater towards the wing root
c) greater on a low aspect ratio wing

5. In straight and level flight, the angle of attack of a swept wing is

a) the same as the aircraft angle to the horizontal
b) more than the aircraft angle to the horizontal
c) less than the aircraft angle to the horizontal

6. Induced drag
a) is never equal to the profile drag
b) is equal to the profile drag at the stalling speed
c) is equal to the profile drag at Vmd

7. A delta wing aircraft flying at the same speed (subsonic) and angle of attack as a swept wing aircraft of
similar wing area will produce
a) the same lift
b) more lift
c) less lift

8. The stagnation point is

a) static pressure plus dynamic pressure
b) static pressure minus dynamic pressure
c) dynamic pressure only

9. On a swept wing aircraft, due to the adverse pressure gradient, the boundary layer on the upper surface of
the wing tends to flow
a) directly from leading edge to trailing edge
b) towards the tip
c) towards the root

10. With increased speed in level flight

a) induced drag increases
b) profile drag increases
c) profile drag remains constant

28
Module 8 Exam 30
Aerodynamics

1. If a swept wing stalls at the tips first, the aircraft will

a) pitch nose up
b) pitch nose down
c) roll

2. The thickness/chord ratio of the wing is also known as

a) aspect ratio
b) mean chord ratio
c) fineness ratio

3. Flexure of a rearward swept wing will

a) increase the lift and hence increase the flexure
b) decrease the lift and hence decrease the flexure
c) increase the lift and hence decrease the flexure

4. A High Aspect Ratio wing is a wing with

a) long span, long chord
b) long span, short chord
c) short span, long chord

5. Stall commencing at the root is preferred because

a) the ailerons become ineffective
b) it provides the pilot with a warning of complete loss of lift
c) it will cause the aircraft to pitch nose up

6. An aircraft flying in “ground effect” will produce

a) more lift than a similar aircraft outside of ground effect
b) less lift than a similar aircraft outside of ground effect
c) the same lift as a similar aircraft outside of ground effect

7. If the angle of attack of a wing is increased in flight, the

a) C of P will move forward
b) C of G will move aft
c) C of P will move aft

8. The Rams Horn Vortex on a forward swept wing will be

a) the same as a rearward swept wing
b) more than a rearward swept wing
c) less than a rearward swept wing

9. When maintaining level flight an increase in speed will

a) cause the C of P to move aft
b) cause the C of P to move forward
c) have no affect on the position of the C of P

10. For a cambered wing section the zero lift angle of attack will be
a) zero
b) 4 degrees
c) negative

29
Module 8 Exam 31
Aerodynamics

1. Density changes with altitude at a rate

a) of 2kg/m3 per 1000ft
b) which changes with altitude
c) which is constant until 11km

2. Airflow at subsonic speed is taken to be

a) compressible
b) incompressible
c) either a or b depending on altitude

3. Bernoulli's equation shows that

a) at constant velocity the kinetic energy of the air changes with a change of height
b) with a change in speed at constant height both kinetic and potential energies change
c) with a change in velocity at constant height the static pressure will change

4. If fluid flow through a venturi is said to be incompressible, the speed of the flow increases at the throat to
a) maintain a constant volume flow rate
b) allow for a reduction in static pressure
c) allow for an increase in static pressure

5. To produce lift, an aerofoil must be

a) asymmetrical
b) symmetrical
c) either a or b above

6. Lift is dependent on
a) the area of the wing, the density of the fluid medium, and the square of the velocity
b) the net area of the wing ,the density of the fluid medium and the velocity
c) the frontal area of the wing, the density of the fluid medium and the velocity

7. The maximum lift/drag ratio of a wing occurs

a) at the angle of attack where the wing develops its maximum lift
b) during take off
c) at an angle below which the wing develops max lift

8. A wing develops 10,000N of lift at 100knots. Assuming the wing remains at the same angle of attack and
remains at the same altitude, how much lift will it develop at 300knots?
a) 900,000 N
b) 90,000 N
c) 30,000 N

9. The angle of attack is

a) related to angle of incidence
b) always kept below 15 degrees
c) not related to the angle of incidence

10. The difference between the mean camber line and the chord line of an aerofoil is
a) one is always straight and the other may be straight
b) neither are straight
c) they both may be curved

30
Module 8 Exam 32
Aerodynamics

1. If the C of G is calculated after loading as within limits for take off

a) no further calculation is required
b) a further calculation is required prior to landing to allow for fuel and oil consumption
c) a further calculation is required prior to landing to allow for flap deployment

2. A stalled aerofoil has a lift/drag ratio

a) more than the lift/drag ratio prior to stall
b) zero
c) less than the lift/drag ratio prior to stall

3. At low forward speed

a) increased downwash reduces tailplane effectiveness
b) increased downwash increases tailplane effectiveness
c) excessive rudder movement may cause fin to stall

4. Helicopter rotor blades create lift by

a) creating low pressure above the blades
b) pushing the air down
c) working like a screw

5. On some modern aircraft a stall warning will automatically

a) increase thrust
b) extend outboard slats
c) cause a pitch nose down movement

6. Above 65,800 ft temperature

a) remains constant up to 115,000ft
b) decreases by 1.98oC up to 115000ft
c) increases by 0.303oC up to 115000ft

7. At sea level, ISA atmospheric pressure is

a) 14.7 PSI
b) 14.7 Kpa
c) 10 Bar

8. The spanwise component of the airflow is

a) greater at higher speeds
b) less at higher speeds
c) unaffected by speed

9. A wing fence
a) increases lateral control
b) acts as a lift dumping device
c) reduces spanwise flow on a swept wing thus reducing induced drag

10. The highest lift/drag ratio is greatest at

a) low altitudes
b) the point just before the stalling angle
c) the optimum angle of attack

31
Module 8 Exam 33
Aerodynamics

1. With all conditions remaining the same, if the aircraft speed is halved, by what factor is the lift reduced?
a) Half
b) By a factor of 4
c) Remains the same

2. The boundary layer over an aerofoil is

a) a layer of air close to the aerofoil that is stationary
b) a layer of air close to the aerofoil which is moving at a velocity less than free stream air
c) a layer of turbulent air close to the aerofoil which is moving at a velocity less than free stream air

3. On a swept wing aircraft, the fineness ratio of an aerofoil is

a) highest at the root
b) highest at the tip
c) equal throughout the span

4. IAS for a stall will

a) increase with altitude
b) decrease with altitude
c) roughly remain the same for all altitude

5. If the radius of a turn is reduced the load factor will

a) increase
b) decrease
c) remain the same

6. Streamlining will reduce

a) form drag
b) induced drag
c) skin friction drag

7. If an aircraft has a gross weight of 3000 kg and is then subjected to a total weight of 6000 kg the load factor
will be
a) 2G
b) 3G
c) 9G

8. A constant rate of climb is determined by

a) weight
b) wind speed
c) excess engine power

9. Ice formed on the leading edge will cause the aircraft to

a) stall at the same stall speed and AoA
b) stall at a lower speed
c) stall at a higher speed

10. With an aircraft in bank, the upper wing produces more drag. To compensate
a) the rudder is operated
b) when bank angle is achieved then the ailerons are operated in the opposite direction to cause the
opposite effect
c) angle of attack is increased

32
Module 8 Exam 34
Aerodynamics

1. If both wings lose lift the aircraft

a) pitches nose up
b) pitches nose down
c) glides on a horizontal plane

2. Under what conditions will an aircraft create best lift?

a) Cold dry day at 200 ft
b) Hot damp day at 1200 ft
c) Cold wet day at 1200 ft

3. If there is an increase of density, what effect would there be in aerodynamic dampening?

a) None
b) Decreased
c) Increased

4. As Mach number increases, what is the effect on boundary layer?

a) Becomes more turbulent
b) Becomes less turbulent
c) Decreases in thickness

5. When a slat is retracted it moves

a) towards the upper leading edge of the wing
b) towards the lower leading edge of the wing
c) towards the center of the leading edge of the wing

6. In a turn the up-going wing causes a

a) de-stabilising effect due to increased AoA
b) de-stabilising effect due to decreased AoA
c) stabilising effect due to decreased AoA

7. The stagnation point consists of

a) dynamic and static air pressure
b) static air pressure
c) dynamic air pressure

8. During a glide the following forces act on an aircraft

a) lift, weight, thrust
b) lift, drag, weight
c) lift and weight only

9. Yawing is a rotation around

a) the normal axis obtained by the elevator
b) the lateral axis obtained by the rudder
c) the normal axis obtained by the rudder

10. If an aileron is moved downward

a) the stalling angle of that wing is increased
b) the stalling angle of that wing is decreased
c) the stalling angle is not affected but the stalling speed is decreased

33
Module 8 Exam 35
Aerodynamics

1. If the wing loading of an aircraft were reduced the stalling speed would
a) increase
b) decrease
c) not be affected

2. Density changes with altitude at a rate

a) of 2 kg/m3 per 1000ft
b) which changes with altitude
c) which is constant until 11000m

3. The lift on a wing is increased with

a) an increase in pressure
b) an increase in humidity
c) an increase in temperature

4. An aircraft entering a level turn will require more lift

a) only if there is an increase in speed
b) only if there is an increase in angle of attack
c) in all cases

5. Lateral stability is reduced by increasing

a) anhedral
b) dihedral
c) sweepback

6. Pulling the control column and rotating to the left causes

a) elevator down, left aileron down
b) elevator up, left aileron up
c) elevator down, left aileron up

7. Azimuth stability is dependent on

a) dihedral
b) tailplane
c) keel and fin

8. If the aircraft is slipping in turn

a) the bank angle is too great
b) the bank angle is too small
c) the nose of the aircraft is too low

9. In normal flight conditions, an increase in aircraft speed

a) causes the nose of the aircraft to drop
b) causes the nose of the aircraft to lift
c) the nose remains in the same position

10. An aircraft sideslips. What helps to restore the aircraft?

a) Fin gives rolling movement
b) Dihedral causes the aircraft to roll straight and the fin increases the yaw rate
c) Tailplane

34
Module 8 Exam 36
Aerodynamics

1. For an aircraft climbing at a constant IAS the Mach number will

a) increase
b) decrease
c) remain constant

2. The airflow behind a normal shockwave will

a) always be subsonic and in the same direction as the original airflow
b) always be supersonic and in the same direction as the original airflow
c) always be subsonic and deflected from the direction of the original airflow

3. Sweepback of the wings will

a) not affect lateral stability
b) increase lateral stability at high speeds only
c) increase lateral stability at all speeds

4. With the flaps lowered, the stalling speed will

a) increase
b) decrease
c) remain the same

5. When flying close to the stall speed a pilot applies left rudder the aircraft will
a) pitch nose up
b) roll to the left
c) stall the left wing

6. When an aircraft is in a bank, the upper wing produces more drag. To compensate
a) the rudder is operated
b) when bank angle is achieved then the ailerons are operated in the opposite direction to cause the
opposite effect
c) angle of attack is increased (pitch up)

7. When flaps are down it will

a) increase AOA and increase slow speed stability
b) decrease AOA and decrease slow speed stability
c) the AOA remains the same on both wings

8. If you have an aircraft that is more laterally stable then directionally stable it will tend to:
a) skid
b) slip
c) bank

9. On a very hot day with ambient temperature higher than ISA, your pressure altitude is 20,000 ft. How much
will the density altitude be?
a) greater than 20000ft
b) less than 20000ft
c) the same

10. The atmospheric zone where the temperature remains fairly constant is called the
a) Stratosphere
b) Troposphere
c) Ionosphere

35
Module 8 Exam 37
Aerodynamics

1. Induced drag can be reduced by the use of

a) streamlining
b) high aspect ratio wings
c) fairings at junctions between fuselage and wings

2. Interference drag can be reduced by the use of

a) streamlining
b) high aspect ratio wings
c) fairings at junctions between fuselage and wings

3. A centre of gravity position close to it’s aft limit will cause the aircraft to
a) pitch nose up and decrease it’s longitudinal stability
b) pitch nose down and increase it’s longitudinal stability
c) pitch nose up and increase it’s longitudinal stability

4. The result of an aircraft flying into a rainstorm of super cooled rain droplets would be an accretion of
a) rime ice
b) hoar ice
c) glaze ice

5. Ice accretion on an aircraft in flight that is opaque, rough, with low shear strength is
a) rime ice
b) hoar ice
c) glaze ice

6. In a steady climb
a) thrust is greater than drag
b) thrust is equal to drag
c) thrust is less than drag

7. On a slender delta wing at low speed the lift/drag ratio is

a) reduced
b) increased
c) constant

8. A high winged aircraft in a turn requires returning to level flight.

a) Lift must decrease on the upper wing
b) Lift must increase on the upper wing
c) Lift must decrease on the lower wing

9. What happens to the load factor as you decrease the turn radius?
a) Load factor increases
b) Load factor decreases
c) Load factor remains constant

10. A high wing aircraft in a banked turn increases it’s angle of bank without increasing it’s angle of attack.
The aircraft will
a) side slip
b) side slip with a loss of altitude
c) come out of the turn early

36
Module 8 Exam 38
Aerodynamics

1. If the ambient temperature at sea level decreases, the operational ceiling height of the aircraft
a) increases
b) decreases
c) stays the same

2. A sharply swept wing will promote

a) excessive lateral instability
b) excessive lateral stability
c) excessive longitudinal stability

3. Which control surfaces provide directional and pitch control?

a) Elevons
b) Ruddervators
c) Tailerons

4. Which control surfaces provide lateral control, also longitudinal control and stability?
a) Flapperons
b) Ruddervators
c) Tailerons

5. Name the four fundamentals involved in manoeuvring the aircraft.

a) Aircraft power, pitch, bank and trim
b) Straight and level flight, turn and climb and descent.
c) Take off, slow flight and stalls

6. Under the category system the design load factor for an airplane in the normal category is
a) 4.4 g
b) 3.8 g
c) 5.7 g

7. For a given bank angle the load factor imposed on both the aeroplane and pilot in a co-ordinated constant
altitude turn
a) is constant
b) is directly related to airplanes gross weight
c) is varied with the ratio of turn

8. The degree of aeroplane wing loading during level coordinated turn in smooth air depends upon
a) angle of bank
b) rate of turn
c) density altitude

9. The primary purpose of wing spoilers is to

a) decrease lift of the wing by disturbing the airflow
b) decrease landing speed
c) increase drag

10. Wing flap is a

a) primary control surface
b) secondary control surface
c) high lift device

37
Module 8 Exam 39
Aerodynamics

1. Gliding angle is the angle between

a) ground and the glide path
b) aircraft and flight path
c) aircraft and airflow

2. Frise ailerons are used to minimise

a) longitudinal stability
b) lateral stability
c) adverse yaw

3. During steep dive, the load factor will be

a) zero
b) 2g
c) -1g

4. Which statement is true regarding CofG location and drag?

a) If loaded with CofG aft, but within limits, the aeroplane will cruise at a slower airspeed because of
increased drag.
b) If loaded with CofG forward the aircraft will cruise at a faster speed because of reduced drag.
c) If loaded with CofG aft but within limit, the aircraft will cruise at faster airspeed because of reduced
air drag.

5. Propeller Solidity can be increased by

a) increasing the blade angle
b) increasing the number of blades
c) decreasing the length of the blades

6. In a steady climb at constant indicated airspeed, true airspeed will

a) decrease
b) increase
c) remain constant

7. Density changes with altitude at a rate

a) of 2 kg/m3 per 1000ft
b) which changes with altitude
c) which is constant until 11km

8. In the ISA the height of the tropopause is

a) 11,000 metres
b) 11,000 feet
c) 36,000 metres

9. Lift is generated by a wing

a) equally on the top and bottom surfaces
b) mostly on the top surface
c) mostly on the bottom surface

10. Lift is dependent on

a) the area of the wing, the density of the fluid medium and the square of the velocity
b) the net area of the wing, the density of the fluid medium and the velocity
c) the frontal area of the wing, the density of the fluid medium and the velocity

38
Module 8 Exam 40
Aerodynamics

1. In the ISA the sea level pressure is taken to be

a) 1013.2 mb
b) 14 PSI
c) 1.013 mb

2. To produce lift an aerofoil must be

a) asymmetrical
b) symmetrical
c) either (a) or (b)

3. If fluid flow through a venturi is said to be incompressible, the speed of the flow increases at the throat to
a) maintain a constant volume flow rate
b) allow for a reduction in static pressure
c) allow for an increase in static pressure

4. Bernoulli's equation shows that

a) at constant velocity the total energy of the air changes with a change in height
b) with a change in speed at constant height both kinetic and potential energies change
c) with a change in velocity at constant height the static pressure will change

5. Airflow at sub-sonic speed is taken to be

a) compressible
b) incompressible
c) either (a) or (b) depending on altitude

6. In the ISA the temperature lapse rate with altitude is taken to be:
a) non linear
b) dependent on pressure and density changes
c) linear

7. A wing develops 10,000 N of lift at 100 Kts. Assuming the wing remains at the same angle of attack - how
much lift will it develop at 300 Kts.
a) 900,000 Kts
b) 90,000 Kts
c) 30,000 Kts

8. With an aircraft in a 90 degree banked turn, holding the longitudinal axis of the aircraft level
a) altitude can be maintained
b) altitude cannot be maintained
c) the pilot uses the elevators to maintain height

9. During a correctly executed turn

a) the lift vector is held constant to equal the weight vector
b) the lift vector must be increased
c) the centrifugal force must be greater than the centripetal force

10. The lowering of a flap will

a) affect the mean camber line
b) not affect the mean camber line
c) affect the chord line of the aerofoil

39
Module 8 Exam 41
Aerodynamics

1. The total drag of an aircraft

a) increases with the square of speed
b) increases with speed
c) changes with speed

2. Put in sequence from the ground

a) troposphere, tropopause, stratosphere
b) tropopause, stratosphere, troposphere
c) tropopause, troposphere, stratosphere

3. If, after a disturbance, an aeroplane intially returns to its equilibrium state

a) it has neutral stability
b) it is neutrally unstable
c) it has static stability and may be dynamically stable

4. A stick shaker is intended to come into operation

a) at the actual moment of aircraft stall
b) prior to the actual moment of aircraft stall
c) immediately after the aircraft is stalled

5. ------ angle of attack is known as optimum angle of attack

a) 10 to 12 degrees
b) 3 to 4 degrees
c) 5 to 7 degrees

6. True stalling speed of a an aircraft increases with altitude

a) because reduced temperature causes compressibility effect
b) because air density is reduced
c) because humidity is increased and this increases drag

7. Yaw dampers are designed to

a) prevent dutch roll
b) assist the pilot to move the rudder
c) reduce the effect of crabbing due to cross winds

8. Tuck under occurs when

a) a shock stall occurs on the outboard portion of the swept wing
b) a shock stall warning occurs on the inboard position of a straight wing
c) the aircraft reaches Mcrit

9. Induced drag is ------------ at root

a) greatest
b) lowest
c) neutral

10. Profile drag is --------- to speed

a) neutral
b) inversely proportional
c) proportional

40
Module 8 Exam 42
Aerodynamics

1. The optimum angle of attack is the best angle of attack

a) for take-off
b) in cruise
c) for landing

2. A shock stall occurs at

a) small angles of attack
b) large angles of attack
c) equally both large and small angles of attack

3. Vortex generators are fitted to aircraft to

a) move the transition point forward
b) move the stagnation point rearwards
c) move the transition point rearwards

4. A vortex generator is designed

a) to delay boundary layer separation
b) to increase flow separation at high speed
c) to enlarge the tip vortex thus reducing parasitic drag

5. Aerodynamic balance of a control surface may be achieved

a) by a horn at the extremity of the surface forward of the hinge line
b) by weights added to the control surface aft of the hinge line
c) by a trimming strip at the trailing edge of the surface

6. In a reversed chambered stabiliser the yoke has been moved such that the elevator is up. This
a) will increase tailplane download
b) will decrease tailplane download
c) may increase or decrease tailplane download depending upon the aircraft's C of G position

7. Wing spoilers, when used asymmetrically, are associated with

a) rudder
b) elevators
c) ailerons

8. Air brakes can be used to

a) dump the lift off the wings on landing
b) prevent turbulence during high speed flight
c) laterally trim the aircraft independent of the aileron control system

9. If the ailerons are moved from the neutral position there is

a) higher induced drag on down going aileron
b) induced drag on both ailerons but more so on downgoing one
c) induced drag is unaffected, only profile drag changes

10. The International Standard Atmosphere can be described as

a) the atmosphere which can be used Worldwide to provide comparable performance results
b) the atmosphere at 45 degrees north latitude
c) the atmosphere at the equator with certain conditions

41
Module 8 Exam 43
Aerodynamics

1. The temperature Lapse rate below the tropopause is

a) 1oC per 1000ft
b) 3oC per 1000ft
c) 2oC per 1000ft

2. When maintaining a constant IAS at high altitude

a) TAS will higher than when at a lower altitude
b) TAS will be the same as when at a lower altitude
c) TAS will be higher than when at a lower altitude

3. Above the tropopause air pressure

a) decreases at a constant rate
b) increases exponentially
c) decreases exponentially

4. Which of the following is correct?

a) Absolute pressure + Atmospheric pressure = Gauge pressure
b) Absolute pressure = Gauge pressure + Atmospheric pressure
c) Atmospheric pressure = Absolute pressure + Gauge pressure

5. What happens to the wingtip stagnation point as the AOA increases?

a) It moves down and under the leading edge
b) It moves up and over the leading edge
c) It remains unchanged

6. What does the term 'wing washout' mean?

a) The airflow moves toward the end of the wing
b) The design of the wing that gives the wing tip a lower angle of incidence
c) The design of the wing that gives the wing tip a much greater angle of incidence

7. The Point at which airflow ceases to be laminar and becomes turbulent is the
a) boundary point
b) transition point
c) separation point

8. Which of the following is true about Profile drag?

a) Profile drag = skin drag + induced drag
b) Profile drag = induced drag + Form drag
c) Profile drag + Skin Drag + Form Drag

9. Which statement is true?

a) Profile drag increases with the square of the airspeed
b) Induced drag increases with the square of the airspeed
c) Both Induced drag and profile drag increase with the square of the airspeed

10. Which statement is true?

a) Tapered wings stall at the root first
b) Rectangular wings stall at the root first
c) Both tapered and rectangular wings will stall at the tip first

42
Module 8 Exam 44
Aerodynamics

1. The lateral axis is

a) a straight line through the CG parallel to a line joining the wingtips
b) a straight line through the CG from nose to tail
c) a straight line through the CG at right angles to the longitudinal and lateral axis

2. The main factors which affect longitudinal stability are

a) design of the tailplane and position of the CG
b) design of the mainplane and position of the CG
c) design of the fuselage and position of the CG

3. A yawing motion provides what kind of Stability?

a) Lateral
b) Longitudinal
c) Directional

4. During inverted level flight an aircraft accelerometer shows

a) 0g
b) -2g
c) -1g

5. During straight and level flight an aircraft accelerometer shows

a) 2g
b) 1g
c) 4g

6. When is the L/D (Lift to Drag) ratio at its highest. When the AoA is
a) 0 degrees
b) 4 degrees
c) at stall

7. Which of the following is incorrect about induced drag?

a) It will increase inversely to the square of the airspeed
b) It will decrease in proportion to the square of the airspeed
c) It will increase when the angle of attack is reduced

8. Which of the following is true about forces acting on an aircraft during climb?
a) Lift acts at right angles to the flight path and the weight acts vertically downwards
b) Lift acts at right angles to the longitudinal axis and weight act at right angles to the flight path
c) Both lift and weight act at right angles to the flight path

9. Which of the following L/D ratio will enable one to achieve maximum distance in a glide?
a) Maximum L/D
b) Minimum L/D
c) Zero L/D

10. If an aircraft is turned/controlled to the left, what happens to the speed of the airflow over the left wing?
a) Increases
b) Decreases
c) Stays the same

43
Module 8 Exam 45
Aerodynamics

1. As the altitude increases what happens of the ratio of Nitrogen to Oxygen?

a) Increases
b) Decreases
c) Stays the same

2. What produces the most lift at low speeds?

a) High aspect ratio
b) High camber
c) Low aspect ratio

3. What happens to the density of air as altitude is increased?

a) Increases
b) Decreases
c) Stays the same

4. What is the purpose of a slot?

a) The re-energise the boundary layer
b) Increase boundary layer
c) Decrease boundary layer

5. If the angle of attack is zero, but lift is produced, the

a) wing is cambered
b) wing is symmetrical
c) wing has positive angle of incidence

6. When is the angle of incidence the same as the angle of attack?

a) In descent
b) When relative airflow is parallel to longitudinal axis
c) Never

7. If a plain flap is lowered or extended

a) camber increases
b) angle of attack increases
c) both camber and angle of attack increase

8.
a)
b)
c)

9.
a)
b)
c)

10.
a)
b)
c)

44
1/13/2018 EASA PART 66 GUIDE: EASA P 66 : A Q

M N B . . @ . D S O

EASA PART 66 GUIDE

A g ide de a d LAE (Lice e Ai c af E gi ee ) h a ge he LWTR ice e c e i f BCAR Sec i
L EASA Pa 66.. I c di g EASA Pa 66 M d e, EASA a 66 Q e i E a i a i , EASA Pa 66 N e, EASA Pa 66
T a d a ia i . Vie e ca ge i f ai e a ed hi g a i hi i e.

W a Pa 66 Pa 66 M Pa 66 Q Pa 66 T Pa I F

PART-66 MODULE Th da , 31 Ma 2012

LIMITATION REMOVAL
EASA Pa 66 : A a Q
MODULE 1
MODULE 2
MODULE 3 M [Link] A a
MODULE 4
MODULE 5
MODULE 6 08.1. P A .

MODULE 7
MODULE 8 Q e i N be . 1. The ISA.
MODULE 9 O i A. a e a a da d da .
MODULE 10 O i B. i ake f he e a .
MODULE 11 O i C. i ake f 45 deg ee a i de.
C ec A e i . i ake f 45 deg ee a i de.
MODULE 12
E a a i . The e ie f a a da d da a e e a ed ea e e a a i de 45 deg ee a i de. See he F f
MODULE 13 e de ai .
MODULE 14
MODULE 15
MODULE 16 Q e i N be . 2. A highe a i de a a i de i c ea e , e e.
O i A. dec ea e a c a a e.
MODULE 17
O i B. dec ea e e e ia .
O i C. i c ea e e e ia .
C ec A e i . dec ea e e e ia .
E a ai . Pe e dec ea e - e! B he a e f dec ea e ed ce i h a i de. A 18000 f , ha f he e ei
a ead , a d he e i i a he 40,000f g .

Q e i N be . 3. Whe he e e i ha f f ha a ea e e , ha i he a i de?.
O i A. 12,000 f .
O i B. 18,000 f .
O i C. 8,000 f .
C ec A e i . 18,000 f .
E a ai . J e f h e fac ha e ea -b i i ed i j ab e e e b k CAA eadi g i .

Q e i N be . 4. If ga ge e e a a da d da a ea e e i 25 PSI, he ab e e ei .
O i A. 39.7 PSI.
O i B. 10.3 PSI.
O i C. 43.8 PSI.
C ec A e i . 39.7 PSI.
Al Ai 2
E a a i . Ab e e e = ga ge e e a he ic e e. A he ic e ea ea e e = 14.7 PSI.
Ab Dhabi 2

C l b 12
Q e i N be . 5. Pe e dec ea e .
Be li 7 O i A. i e e i a e e a e.
O i B. i a i h a dec ea e i e e a e.
A he 4
O i C. Pe ea d e ea eae e a ed.
Si ga e 4 C ec A e i . i a i h a dec ea e i e e a e.
E a a i . Te e a e a d e a e di ec i a - Cha e ' La .
T da 94 e
T al 573,315
Li e 2 Q e i N be . 6. A ai ge c de , he e ice cei i g f a ai c af .
O i A. ed ce .
O i B. i c ea e .
O i C. e ai he a e.
C ec A e i . i c ea e .
E a a i . A ai ge c de i ge de e . Lif i c ea e ( e e be he if e ai ha de i ) a d he e gi e
d ce e h - i ca c i b highe .

:// 66. . . /2012/05/ - . 1/70

1/13/2018 EASA PART 66 GUIDE: EASA P 66 : A Q
Pa

327986 Q e i N be . 7. Wha i ea e e e e?.

4 O
O
i A.
i B.
1012.3 b.
1013.2 b.
O i C. 1032.2 b.
C ec A e i . 1013.2 b.
E a a i . Lea he ISA ea e e a i ie , i a i .

Q e i N be . 8. H d e IAS a he i f a a i h heigh ?.
O i A. I dec ea e .
O i B. I i ac ica c a .
O i C. I i c ea e .
C ec A e i . I i ac ica c a .
E a a i . The a i g IAS a a i de i ac ica he a e a i i a ea e e . Tha ' beca e IAS i c ec ed f
de i .

Q e i N be . 9. Wha i he a e a e i h ega d e ea e?.

O i A. 4 C e 1000 f .
O i B. 1.98 C e 1000 f .
O i C. 1.98 F e 1000 f .
C ec A e i . 1.98 C e 1000 f .
E a a i . The a e a e i a i a e 2 C e 1000 fee (i he he e).

Q e i N be . 10. S a da d ea e e e ea ei .
O i A. 20 deg ee Ce i .
O i B. 0 deg ee Ce i .
O i C. 15 deg ee Ce i .
C ec A e i . 15 deg ee Ce i .
E a a i . 15 deg ee C i a da d ea e e e ea e!.

Q e i N be . 11. A a i de i c ea e , e e.
O i A. dec ea e e e ia .
O i B. dec ea e a c a a e.
O i C. i c ea e e e ia .
C ec A e i . dec ea e e e ia .
E a a i . A a i de i c ea e , e e dec ea e e e ia . Si ce e e i gi e b de i * g a i * heigh ,
b h de i a d heigh dec ea e ( ha i , heigh ab e he i ea i g) he dec ea e i e ei
e e ia .

Q e i N be . 12. La e a e a efe .
O i A. De i .
O i B. Pe e.
O i C. Te e a e.
C ec A e i . Te e a e.
E a a i . Te e a e a e a e i c a 36000f -2deg ee e 1000f .

Q e i N be . 13. Te e a e ab e 36,000 fee i .

O i A. i c ea e e e ia .
O i B. dec ea e e e ia .
O i C. e ai c a .
C ec A e i . e ai c a .
E a a i . Te e a e a e a e 36,000 fee ( he a e) i a i ae 2 deg ee ce ig ade e 1000
fee . Ab e he a ei i c a .

Q e i N be . 14. Wi h i c ea i g a i de e e dec ea e a d.
O i A. e e a e dec ea e a he a e a e a e e ed ce .
O i B. e e a e dec ea e b a a e a e ha e e ed ce .
O i C. e e a e e ai c a 8000 f .
C ec A e i . e e a e dec ea e b a a e a e ha e e ed ce .
E a a i . See a g a h f e e agai a i de a d e e a e agai a i de. P e e dec ea e fa e ha
e e a e he ef e e e ha a g ea e effec he e f a ce f he ai c af .

Q e i N be . 15. Wha i he e e a e i c ai ISA c di i a 30,000f ?.

O i A. -60 C.
O i B. 0 C.
O i C. -45 C.
C ec A e i . -45 C.
E a a i . ISA = 15 C e e a e a e a e i 2 C e 1000f . The ef e 30000 = - 60 + 15 = 45.

Q e i N be . 16. A ha a i de i he a e?.

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1/13/2018 EASA PART 66 GUIDE: EASA P 66 : A Q
O i A. 36,000 f .
O i B. 57,000 f .
O i C. 63,000 f .
C ec A e i . 36,000 f .
E a a i . The a e i 36,000 f . Ab e he a ei he a he e.

Q e i N be . 17. Wha a i a e e ce age f ge i i he a he e?.

O i A. 12%.
O i B. 21%.
O i C. 78%.
C ec A e i . 21%.
E a a i . 21% ge , 78% i ge , 1% he ga e .

Q e i N be . 18. Which ha he g ea e de i ?.
O i A. Ai a a i de.
O i B. Ai a high a i de.
O i C. I e ai c a .
C ec A e i . Ai a a i de.
E a a i . Ai de i ed ce i h a i de.

Q e i N be . 19. A ha a i de d e a he e c e ce a i a e ?.
O i A. Sea e e .
O i B. 36,000 f .
O i C. 63,000 f .
C ec A e i . 36,000 f .
E a a i . The a he e i ab e 36,000 f .

Q e i N be . 20. A e e f ea he e i e a .
O i A. 14.7 i.
O i B. 1 i ch Hg.
O i C. 100 i iba .
C ec A e i . 14.7 i.
E a a i . O ea he e i 14.7 i.

Q e i N be . 21. The i iba i a i f.

O i A. a he ic e e a e.
O i B. e ea i de.
O i C. ba e ic e e.
C ec A e i . ba e ic e e.
E a a i . Ba e ic e ei ea ed i i iba .

Q e i N be . 22. Wi h a i c ea e i a i de de I.S.A. c di i he e ea ei he
he e.
O i A. e ai c a .
O i B. dec ea e .
O i C. i c ea e .
C ec A e i . dec ea e .
E a a i . Te e a e ed ce a a a e a e f 1.98 deg ee ce i e h a d fee f ea e e ab
36000f ( he a e).

Q e i N be . 23. A ba e e i dica e .
O i A. e e.
O i B. de i .
O i C. e e a e.
C ec A e i . e e.
E a a i . A ba e e i dica e e e.

Q e i N be . 24. The a f ae a ca aci i he ai (h idi h di g ca aci f he ai )

i .
O i A. g ea e a c de da , a d e ah e da .
O i B. d e ' ha e a ig ifica diffe e ce.
O i C. g ea e a h e da a d e a c de da .
C ec A e i . g ea e a h e da a d e a c de da .
E a a i . The a f ae a ca aci i he ai i g ea e ah e da .

Q e i N be . 25. Which c di i i he ac a a f ae a i a i e f ai a d
a e ?.
O i A. Re a i e h idi .
O i B. Ab eh idi .

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O i C. De i .
C ec A e i . Ab e h idi .
E a a i . Ab eh idi i he 'ac a ' a f ae i a i e f ai a d a e.

Q e i N be . 26. Which i eigh he ea ?.

O i A. 98 a f d ai a d 2 a f ae a .
O i B. 50 a f d ai a d 50 a f ae a .
O i C. 35 a f d ai a d 65 a f ae a .
C ec A e i . 35 a f d ai a d 65 a f ae a .
E a a i . Wa e a i 62% he eigh f d ai .

Q e i N be . 27. Which i he a i f he a e a ac a e e i he a he e he a ha
d be e e if he ai e e a a ed a he e ai i g e e a e a d e e?.
O i A. Ab eh idi .
O i B. De i .
O i C. Re a i e h idi .
C ec A e i . Re a i e h idi .
E a a i . Re a i e h idi i he a i f he ae a ac a e e he ae a ha he ai d
h d if i e e a a ed.

Q e i N be . 28. The eed f d i he a he e.

O i A. cha ge i h a cha ge i e e.
O i B. a ie acc di g he f e e c f he d.
O i C. cha ge i h a cha ge i e e a e.
C ec A e i . cha ge i h a cha ge i e e a e.
E a a i . S eed f d i affec ed b ai e e a e .

Q e i N be . 29. Wha i ea e e e e?.

O i A. 1032.2 b.
O i B. 1012.3 b.
O i C. 1013.2 b.
C ec A e i . 1013.2 b.
E a a i . Sea e e e e i 1013.2 b.

Q e i N be . 30. Which a e e c ce i g hea a d/ e ea ei e?.

O i A. Te e a e i a ea e f he ki e ic e e g f he ec e f a b a ce.
O i B. Te e a e i a ea e f he e ia e e g f he ec e f a b a ce.
O i C. The e i a i e e e a i hi be ee e e a e a d hea .
C ec A e i . Te e a e i a ea e f he ki e ic e e g f he ec e f a b a ce.
E a a i . Te e a e i a ea e f he ki e ic e e g f he ec e f a b a ce. Hea i a f fe eg
e cha ge.

Q e i N be . 31. Wha i ab eh idi ?.

O i A. The e e a e hich h id ai be c ed a c a e e bec e a a ed.
O i B. The ac a a f he a e a i a i e f ai a d a e .
O i C. The a i f he a e a ac a e e i he a he e he a ha d be e e if he
ai e e a a ed a he e ai i g e e a e a d e e.
C ec A e i . The a i f he a e a ac a e e i he a he e he a ha d be
e e if he ai e e a a ed a he e ai i g e ea ea d e e.
E a a i . Ab e H idi i he ac a a f ae a i a i e f ga .

Q e i N be . 32. The e e a e hich h id ai be c ed a c a e e bec e a a ed

i ca ed.
O i A. e a i e h idi .
O i B. de i .
O i C. ab e h idi .
C ec A e i . de i .
E a a i . The e e a e hich h id ai be c ed bec e a a ed i ca ed he 'd e i '.

Q e i N be . 33. De i cha ge i h a i de a a a e.
O i A. f 2kg/ 3 e 1000 f .
O i B. hich cha ge i h a i de.
O i C. hich i c a i 11 k .
C ec A e i . hich cha ge i h a i de.
E a a i . The a e f cha ge f de i i c a - i di i i he i h a i de. S i g e fig e f a e ae
ca be ed.

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Q e i N be . 34. Ab e 65,800 f e e a e.
O i A. dec ea e b 1.98 C 115,000 f .
O i B. e ai c a 115,000 f .
O i C. i c ea e b 0.303 C 115,000 f .
C ec A e i . i c ea e b 0.303 C 115,000 f .
E a a i . 65,800f i he e a he e b da . Te ea e i c ea e i h a i de i he
a he e.

Q e i N be . 35. A ea e e , ISA a he ic e ei .
O i A. 14.7 kPa.
O i B. 10 Ba .
O i C. 14.7 PSI.
C ec A e i . 14.7 PSI.
E a ai . A a e ai e 1013.2 b.

Q e i N be . 36. O a e h da i h a bie e ea e highe ha ISA, he e e a i de i 20,000

f .H ch i he de i a i de be?.
O i A. he a e.
O i B. g ea e ha 20,000f .
O i C. e ha 20,000f .
C ec A e i . g ea e ha 20,000f .
E a a i . "De i A i de i e e a i de c ec ed f e e a e a d h idi . A i gc a h idi
( eae d diffe e ) ISA ab e e e a e i f he hi he ai f a gi e e e a i de h aki g he
de i a i de highe . N e : A ISA Te de i a d e e a i de i be he a e a d f e ha ISA de i
a i de i be e - G a ha !!.
"

Q e i N be . 37. The a he ic e he e he e ea e e ai fai c a i ca ed he.

O i A. S a he e.
O i B. I he e.
O i C. T he e.
C ec A e i . S a he e.
E a a i . The a he e a a 36,000f a d i e ab 66,000f .

Q e i N be . 38. I he ISA he heigh f he a ei .

O i A. 11,000 fee .
O i B. 11,000 e e .
O i C. 36,000 e e .
C ec A e i . 11,000 e e .
E a a i . 11,000 e e 36,000 fee a i ae .

Q e i N be . 39. I he ISA he ea e e e ei ake be.

O i A. 14 PSI.
O i B. 1013.2 b.
O i C. 1.013 b.
C ec A e i . 1013.2 b.
E a a i . 1013.2 i iba .

Q e i N be . 40. I he ISA he e e a e a e a e i h a i de i ake be : .

O i A. de e de e e a d de i cha ge .
O i B. i ea .
O i C. i ea .
C ec A e i . i ea .
E a a i . NIL..

Q e i N be . 41. P i e e ce f he g d .
O i A. a e, a he e, he e.
O i B. a e, he e, a he e.
O i C. he e, a e, a he e.
C ec A e i . he e, a e, a he e.
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 42. The I e a i a S a da d A he e ca be de c ibed a .

O i A. he a he e a 45 deg ee h a i de.
O i B. he a he e a he e a i h ce ai c di i .
O i C. he a he e hich ca be ed W d ide ide c a ab e e f a ce e .
C ec A e i . he a he e hich ca be ed W d ide ide c a ab e e f a ce e .
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 43. The e ea e a e a e be he a ei .
O i A. 1 C e 1000 f .

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O i B. 2 C e 1000 f .
O i C. 3 C e 1000 f .
C ec A e i . 2 C e 1000 f .
E a a i . 1.98 C e 1000 f be e ac .

Q e i N be . 44. Ab e he a e ai e e.
O i A. dec ea e a a c a a e.
O i B. dec ea e e e ia .
O i C. i c ea e e e ia .
C ec A e i . dec ea e e e ia .
E a a i . Ai e ec i e dec ea e e e ia i he a he e.

Q e i N be . 45. Which f he f i gi c ec ?.
O i A. Ab e e e+A he ic e e = Ga ge e e.
O i B. Ab e e e = Ga ge e e+A he ic e e.
O i C. A he ic e e = Ab e e e + Ga ge e e.
C ec A e i . Ab e e e = Ga ge e e+A he ic e e.
E a a i . Ab e e e = Ga ge e e+A he ic e e.

Q e i N be . 46. A he a i de i c ea e ha ha e f he a i f Ni ge O ge ?.
O i A. I c ea e .
O i B. Dec ea e .
O i C. Sa he a e.
C ec A e i . Sa he a e.
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 47. Wha ha e he de i f ai a a i de i i c ea ed?.

O i A. Dec ea e .
O i B. Sa he a e.
O i C. I c ea e .
C ec A e i . Dec ea e .
E a a i . NIL.

08.2. A a .

Q e i N be . 1. A ai c af i a e i g a a eed f 720 a ica ie e h . T ca c a e eed i MPH

.
O i A. di ide b 0.83.
O i B. i b 0.83.
O i C. i b 1.15.
C ec A e i . i b 1.15.
E a ai . 1 h = 1.15 h 1 h = 0.83 h.

Q e i N be . 2. Lif a de a i g ai c af .
O i A. i c ea e i h a i c ea ed a g e f i cide ce (a g e f a ack).
O i B. d e cha ge i h a cha ge i a g e f i cide ce (a g e f a ack).
O i C. dec ea e i h a i c ea e i a g e f i cide ce (a g e f a ack).
C ec A e i . i c ea e i h a i c ea ed a g e f i cide ce (a g e f a ack). OR d e cha ge i h a cha ge
i a g e f i cide ce (a g e f.
E a a i . Thi e i i ch ea ie ha i k a fi ead. A i g e ( aigh , e , de a e c.) i c ea e
if i h a i c ea e i a g e f a ack ( he a a g e).

Q e i N be . 3. The C fP i he i he e.
O i A. he if ca be aid ac .
O i B. he h ee a i f ai ee .
O i C. a he f ce a ai c af ac .
C ec A e i . he if ca be aid ac .
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 4. Whe a ai c af e e ie ce i d ced d ag.

O i A. ai f de he i g a i e a d he a d f he i g a i e a d he i .
O i B. Nei he a) b) i ce i d ced d ag d e ca ed b a i ef .
O i C. ai f de he i g a i e a d he i a d f he i g a i e a d he .
C ec A e i . ai f de he i g a i e a d he i a d f he i g a i e a d he
. OR Nei he a) b) i ce i d ced d ag d e ca ed b .
E a a i . The high e e de he i g f a d he i he e e f he i g. The e i g
e i ha ca e i d ced d ag. Si ce ai i i c i d ag he ai de ea h he i g a d he i , a d he he
ai f he i g a d he .

Q e i N be . 5. A a , he i gi ag a i i .
O i A. d e e.

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O i B. e a d he e face f he i g.
O i C. e a d he e face f he i g.
C ec A e i . e a d he e face f he i g.
E a ai . A a he a g e f a ack i high (a a g he i g) a d he ag a i i e ad he e
face f he i g.

Q e i N be . 6. The iggi g a g e f i cide ce f a e e a i .

O i A. he a g e be ee he b face f he e e a a d he gi di a da .
O i B. he a g e be ee he b face f he e e a a d he h i a i he iggi g ii .
O i C. he a g e be ee he ea ch d i e a d he h i a i he iggi g ii .
C ec A e i . he a g e be ee he ea ch d i e a d he h i a i he iggi g ii .
E a a i . The a g e f i cide ce f a face i ea ed f he ea ch d i e.

Q e i N be . 7. Which f he f i gi e?.
O i A. Lif ac a igh a g e he e a i e ai f a d eigh ac e ica d .
O i B. Lif ac a igh a g e he i g ch d i e a d eigh ac e ica d .
O i C. Lif ac a igh a g e he e a i e ai f a d eigh ac a igh a g e he ai c af ce e i e.
C ec A e i . Lif ac a igh a g e he e a i e ai f a d eigh ac e ica d .
E a a i . Lif ac a igh a g e he e a i e ai f a d eigh ac e ica d .

Q e i N be . 8. The e ica fi f a i g e e gi ed ai c af i .
O i A. a a e i h he gi di a a i b he e ica a i .
O i B. a a e i h b h he gi di a a i a d e ica a i .
O i C. a a e i h he e ica a i b he gi di a a i .
C ec A e i . a a e i h b h he gi di a a i a d e ica a i . OR a a e i h he e ica a i b
he gi di a a i .
E a a i . Si g e e gi ed ai c af fi i ff e ef c e e...i.e. ch d f fi i a a a g e . gi di a
a i .

Q e i N be . 9. "Wha ha e ai f i ga he eed f d
he i e e a c e gi g d c ?."
O i A. Ve ci i c ea e , e e a d de i dec ea e .
O i B. Ve ci , e e a d de i i c ea e.
O i C. Ve ci dec ea e , e e a d de i i c ea e.
C ec A e i . Ve ci dec ea e , e e a d de i i c ea e.
E a a i . S b ic ai i i c e ib e, de i d e cha ge. B hi i ic eed, a d e e hi g (P a d V)
cha ge ie ha he d if i e e b ic ai . De i i c ea e , a d e e e, a d e ci dec ea e .
See Mecha ic f F igh b AC Ke de.

Q e i N be . 10. A he a g e f a ack f a ai f i i c ea e he ce e f e e.
O i A. e ai ai a .
O i B. e af .
O i C. e f a d.
C ec A e i . e f a d.
E a a i . A he a g e f a ack f he ae f i i c ea e , he ce e f e e e f a d.

Q e i N be . 11. Va ai f he i g i f a ai c af i f igh a e ca ed b .
O i A. e e ab e he i g a d high e e be he i g ca i g ice .
O i B. e e ab e he i g a d high e e be he i g ca i g a e e a e i e.
O i C. high e e ab e he i g a d e e be he i g ca i g ice .
C ec A e i . e e ab e he i g a d high e e be he i g ca i g ice .
E a a i . Va ai a e ca ed b i g i ice hich a e ca ed b e e ab e he i g a d high
e e be he i g.

Q e i N be . 12. The ch d i e f a i g i a i e ha f .
O i A. he ce e f he eadi g edge f he i g he ai i g edge.
O i B. ha f a be ee he e a d e face f he i g.
O i C. e i g i he he i g i .
C ec A e i . he ce e f he eadi g edge f he i g he ai i g edge.
E a a i . The ch d i e i a STRAIGHT i e hich g e f he eadi g edge f he i g he ai i g.

Q e i N be . 13. The a g e f i cide ce f a i g i a a g e f ed b i e .

O i A. aa e he ch d i e a d gi di a a i .
O i B. aa e he ch d i e a d he e ica a i .
O i C. aa e he ch d i e a d he a e a a i .
C ec A e i . aa e he ch d i e a d gi di a a i .
E a a i . The a g e f i cide ce i he a g e be ee he ch d i e a d he gi di a a i .

Q e i N be . 14. The ce e f e e f a ae f i i ca ed.

O i A. 30 - 40% f he ch d i e f a d f he eadi g edge.

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O i B. 50% f he ch d i e back f he eadi g edge.
O i C. 30 - 40% f he ch d i e back f he eadi g edge.
C ec A e i . 30 - 40% f he ch d i e back f he eadi g edge.
E a a i . The ce e f e ei i i ed gh 30 - 40 % f he ch d i e BACK f he eadi g edge.

Q e i N be . 15. C e ibi i effec i .

O i A. d ag a cia ed i h he f f a ai c af .
O i B. he i c ea e i a d ag f a ae f i i a ic f igh d e he f ai f h ck a e .
O i C. d ag a cia ed i h he f ic i f he ai e he face f he ai c af .
C ec A e i . he i c ea e i a d ag f a ae f i i a ic f igh d e he f ai f h ck a e .
E a ai . C e ibi i effec i a cia ed i h a i c ea e i d ag d i g he a ic f igh age.

Q e i N be . 16. A high a ec a i i g i gi e.
O i A. high fi e a d i d ced d ag.
O i B. fi e a d high i d ced d ag.
O i C. fi e a d i d ced d ag.
C ec A e i . high fi e a d i d ced d ag.
E a a i . A high a ec a i ha a e i d ced d ag (d e e i g i effec ) a d a highe f a a ea he ef e
g ea e fi e d ag.

Q e i N be . 17. Ae f i efficie c i defi ed b .

O i A. if e d ag.
O i B. if e eigh .
O i C. d ag e if .
C ec A e i . if e d ag.
E a ai . A 4deg ee AOA he if eigh a i i g ea e . Thi i he i AOA he ef e he i gi a i
efficie he if i g ea e a d d ag i a a i i .

Q e i N be . 18. The e a i hi be ee i d ced d ag a d ai eed i , i d ced d ag i .

O i A. di ec i a he a e f he eed.
O i B. di ec i a eed.
O i C. i e e i a he a e f he eed.
C ec A e i . i e e i a he a e f he eed.
E a a i . I d ced d ag dec ea e i a i h he a e f he eed.

Q e i N be . 19. Wha i he defi i i f A g e f I cide ce?.

O i A. The a g e he de ide f he ai a e ai a e ake i h he h i a.
O i B. The a g e he de ide f he ai a e ai a e ake i h he gi di a da i e.
O i C. The a g e he ch d f he ai a e ai a e ake i h he h i a.
C ec A e i . The a g e he ch d f he ai a e ai a e ake i h he h i a.
E a a i . A ge f i cide ce i he ' i g e i g a g e'. Tha i he a g e f he ch d f he ai a e ai a e
i h he h i a - ai c af ce e i e he i he iggi g ii .

Q e i N be . 20. Wha i B da La e ?.
O i A. Se a a ed a e f ai f i gab da a he eadi g edge.
O i B. S ggi h e e g ai ha ick he i g face a d g ad a ge fa e i i j i he f ee ea
f f ai .
O i C. T b e ai i gf he eadi g edge ai i g edge.
C ec A e i . S ggi h e e g ai ha ick he i g face a d g ad a ge fa e i i j i he f ee
ea f f ai .
E a a i . The b da a e i he a e f ai i edia e i c ac i h he ai c af ki hich i ed d b
he ki f ic i .

Q e i N be . 21. "Wha i he c ec i e e f he fi a d dde

a d he face af f he ce e f ga i ha
he di ec i a abi i ?."
O i A. E e age.
O i B. F e age face .
O i C. Effec i e kee face.
C ec A e i . Effec i e kee face.
E a a i . A he ide face af f he ce e fga i hich aid he di ec i a abi i aec ec i e ca ed he
EFFECTIVE KEEL SURFACE.

Q e i N be . 22. "A dec ea e i i cide ce a d he i g i a be

ided ."
O i A. e e ad e e a i a .
O i B. e ai a e a c effec i e e a high a g e f a ack.
O i C. e e a i ef i a e e .
C ec A e i . e ai a e a c effec i e e a high a g e f a ack.

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E a a i . A dec ea e i i cide ce a d he i g i (k a a h ) ca e he i g a bef e he
i g i . S , e e af e he i g ha e a ed, he i g i ae i f i ga df ai e c i
ided.

Q e i N be . 23. F a gi e ae f i d ci if , he eP = e e a d V = e ci .
O i A. P1 i g ea e ha P2, a d V1 i e ha V2.
O i B. P1 i g ea e ha P2, a d V1 i g ea e ha V2.
O i C. P1 i e ha P2 a d V1 i g ea e ha V2.
C ec A e i . P1 i g ea e ha P2, a d V1 i e ha V2.
E a a i . Be i' i ci e a ie .

Q e i N be . 24. L i g adi g.
O i A. i c ea e a i g eed, a di g eed a d a di g .
O i B. i c ea e if , a i g eed a d a e e abi i .
O i C. dec ea e a i g eed, a di g eed a d a di g .
C ec A e i . dec ea e a i g eed, a di g eed a d a di g .
E a a i . Wi g adi g i ai c af eigh di ided b i g a ea, he ef e a ai c af i ha i g adi g i
e i e e a di g eed, e a di g a d ha e a dec ea ed a i g eed.

Q e i N be . 25. A a ge e a e, if he ae d a ic a g e f i cide ce (a g e f a ack) f a ae f i i

igh i c ea ed, he ce e f e e i .
O i A. e a d he i .
O i B. ef ad a d he eadi g edge.
O i C. e e e.
C ec A e i . ef ad a d he eadi g edge.
E a a i . A he a g e f a ack i c ea e he ce e f e e e a d he eadi g edge.

Q e i N be . 26. The ' i g e i g a g e' i c k a .

O i A. a g e f dihed a .
O i B. a g e f i cide ce.
O i C. a g e f a ack.
C ec A e i . a g e f i cide ce.
E a a i . The i g e i g a g e i c k a he 'a g e f i cide ce'.

Q e i N be . 27. Whe d e he a g e f i cide ce cha ge?.

O i A. I e e cha ge .
O i B. Whe he ai c af a i de cha ge .
O i C. Whe he ai c af i a ce di g de ce di g.
C ec A e i . I e e cha ge .
E a a i . The a g e f i cide ce i he a g e a hich he i gi ' e 'i he f e age. I e e cha ge .

Q e i N be . 28. A he a g e f a ack dec ea e , ha ha e he ce e f e e?.

O i A. I e ea a d .
O i B. Ce e f e ei affec ed b a g e f a ack dec ea e.
O i C. I e f a d.
C ec A e i . I e ea a d .
E a a i . The ce e f e e e FORWARDS i h a INCREASE i a g e f a ack. The ef e i e
REARWARDS i h a DECREASE i a g e f a ack.

Q e i N be . 29. A dec ea e i e e e he e face f a i g ae f i i e ib e

f .
O i A. a i a e 2/3 ( hi d ) f he if b ai ed.
O i B. a i a e 1/2 ( e ha f) f he if b ai ed.
O i C. a i a e 1/3 ( e hi d) f he if b ai ed.
C ec A e i . a i ae 2/3 ( hi d ) f he if b ai ed.
E a ai . L k a a diag a f he if di ib i he a db face fa i g. 2/3 d f he if i
ided b he face.

Q e i N be . 30. Which f he f i g e f d ag i c ea e a he ai c af gai a i de?.

O i A. I e fe e ce d ag.
O i B. Pa a i e d ag.
O i C. I d ced d ag.
C ec A e i . I d ced d ag.
E a a i . A de i dec ea e i h a i de, he if be c e a ed b i c ea i g a g e f a ack. I d ced
d ag i c ea e i h a g e f a ack, he ef e i d ced d ag i c ea e i h a i de.

Q e i N be . 31. The a e f ai e he face f a ae f i hich i e i g, i ea i he e

f he ai f ,i k a .
O i A. e f he ab e.
O i B. ca be a e .

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O i C. b da a e .
C ec A e i . b da a e .
E a a i . The b da a e i he a e f ai i i edia e c ac i h he ki f he ai c af hich i ed
d b ki f ic i .

Q e i N be . 32. Wha i ac i g fac f b e ce a d ki f ic i ?.

O i A. C e k i e ed ki e e i .
O i B. A ec a i .
O i C. Fi e e ai .
C ec A e i . C e k i e ed ki e e i .
E a ai . C e k i e i c ea e ki f ic i a d b e ce.

Q e i N be . 33. If he C f G i af f he Ce e f P e e.
O i A. he he ai c af a he ae d a ic f ce ac i g f ad f he Ce e f P e e.
O i B. cha ge i if d ce a i chi g e hich ac i c ea e he cha ge i if .
O i C. he he ai c af ide i , he C f G ca e he e i he ide i h a i ga e i g
e .
C ec A e i . cha ge i if d ce a i chi g e hich ac i c ea e he cha ge i if .
E a a i . If he C f G i af f he ce e f e e( a,b ib e), a i c ea e i if i i ch he
ai c af e- , hich i i c ea e he if e e f he e c. e c.

Q e i N be . 34. The e a f he i g i c ai he e.
O i A. de e e if .
O i B. de e he a e if .
O i C. de e e if .
C ec A e i . de e e if .
E a a i . L k a he if di ib i diag a f a ae f i a d ee h a i ae 2/3 d f he if i de i ed
f he face.

Q e i N be . 35. Wha effec daf a d CG ha e a ai c af a di g?.

O i A. I c ea e a i g eed.
O i B. Red ce a i g eed.
O i C. N effec a di g.
C ec A e i . I c ea e a i g eed.
E a a i . Af a d CG d e i e he ai f he ai c af e e ed ad kee he e e e . Thi i
i c ea e he i g adi g a d h he ai c af d a a a highe eed.

Q e i N be . 36. QNH efe .

O i A. i e ea h i .
O i B. e i g he a i e e e .
O i C. e i g he ea ea e e a he ic e e a a i ee ead he ae d e a i de ab e ea
ea e e .
C ec A e i . a i e e ead he ae d ea i de ab e ea ea e e .
E a a i . Q' i he a he a ica b f e e. 'NH' a d f Na ica Heigh . QNH efe he e i g f
ac a ea e e a he ic e e he a i e e i dica e he ac a a i de ab e ea e e f he - a da d
da .

Q e i N be . 37. QNE efe .

O i A. e i g he ea ea e e a he ic e e i acc da ce i h ICAO a da d a he e i.e. 1013
i iba .
O i B. Se i g a a i e e ead ae d e a i de ab e ea e e .
O i C. ie e e i e .
C ec A e i . e i g he ea ea e e a he ic e e i acc da ce i h ICAO a da d a he e i.e.
1013 i iba .
E a a i . Q' i he a he a ica b f e e. 'NE' a d f Na ica E e a i . QNE efe he e i g f
he a da d ea e e a he ic e e (i.e. 1013 b) he a i e e i dica e he e e a i ab e ea ea e e .
(A h gh i i he ' e' e e a i , if i i a a da d da ).

Q e i N be . 38. A a ec a i f 8 : 1 d ea .
O i A. a 64, ea ch d 8.
O i B. ea ch d 64, a 8.
O i C. a a ed 64, ch d 8.
C ec A e i . a 64, ea ch d 8.
E a a i . A ec Ra i i he a i f he a he ch d.

Q e i N be . 39. QFE i .
O i A. ai fie d e e.
O i B. diffe e ce be ee ea e e a d ai fie d e e.
O i C. ea e e e e.
C ec A e i . ai fie d e e.
E a a i . Q' i he a he a ica b f e e. 'FE' a d f Fie d E e a i . QFE efe e i g ai fie d
e e he a i e e i dica e e he a.

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Q e i N be . 40. F a gi e eed, a dec ea e i ai c af eigh , he i d ced d ag i .

O i A. dec ea e.
O i B. e ai he a e.
O i C. i c ea e.
C ec A e i . dec ea e.
E a a i . I d ced d ag i ' if de e da d ag'. Le if a d he e i be e i d ced d ag.

Q e i N be . 41. The a f if ge e a ed b a i g i .
O i A. g ea e a he i .
O i B. c a a g he a .
O i C. g ea e a he .
C ec A e i . g ea e a he .
E a a i . See a diag a f he if di ib i f he i g ( ie ed f he f )a d i ee i i a ab ic.
The i g i ice dec ea e he if a he i .

Q e i N be . 42. I d ced D ag i .
O i A. g ea e a d he i a d d a h dec ea e f i .
O i B. g ea e a d he i g i a d d a h i g ea e a d he .
O i C. g ea e a d he i g a dd a h i g ea e a he i .
C ec A e i . g ea e a d he i a d d a h dec ea e f i .
E a a i . I d ced d ag i a cia ed i h i g i ice . The g ea e he ice a he i , he g ea e i he
i d ced d ag.

Q e i N be . 43. I d ced D ag i .
O i A. e e e a fi e d ag.
O i B. e a fi e d ag a V d.
O i C. e a fi e d ag a a i g a g e.
C ec A e i . e a fi e d ag a V d.
E a a i . Ske ch he d ag c e (d ag agai eed). I d ced d ag dec ea e e e ia ih eed. P fi e d ag
i c ea e e e ia i h eed. V d ( i i d ag eed) i he e he ee .

Q e i N be . 44. Wi h a i c ea e i ai c af eigh .
O i A. V d i be a a highe eed.
O i B. V d i be a he a e eed.
O i C. V d i be a a e eed.
C ec A e i . V d i be a a highe eed.
E a a i . Ske ch he d ag c e (d ag agai eed). I d ced d ag dec ea e e e ia i h eed. P fi e d ag
i c ea e e e ia i h eed. The i d ced d ag i e e a ed i h eigh ( i ce i i if de e da ) a d c he
fi e d ag f he he igh (highe V d).

Q e i N be . 45. F a gi e IAS a i c ea e i a i de i e i .
O i A. a i c ea e i i d ced d ag.
O i B. cha ge i he a e f i d ced d ag.
O i C. a i c ea e i fi e d ag.
C ec A e i . a i c ea e i i d ced d ag.
E a a i . Wi h a dec ea e i de i he ai c af f i h a g ea e a g e f a ack (CL) c e a ef he
f if . I d ced d ag i de e da AOA, he ef e i d ced d ag i c ea e i h a i de.

Q e i N be . 46. A he a g e f a ack f a i g i i c ea ed i e e f igh .

O i A. he C f G e af a d he C fP f a d.
O i B. he C fP a d a i i i ef a d.
O i C. he C fP e f a d a d he ag a i i af e he e face.
C ec A e i . he C fP a d a i i i ef a d. OR he C fP e f a d a d he ag a i i af
e he.
E a a i . A AOA i c ea e i e e f igh , C fP e f a d a d he T a i i P i ( he i a hich he
a i a f b eak a a a d f i b e f )a e f a d.

Q e i N be . 47. S a i d ce a be fi ed a i g.
O i A. a he ca e he a fi .
O i B. a he i ca e he a fi .
O i C. a he ca e he i a fi .
C ec A e i . a he ca e he a fi .
E a ai . Sa i d ce ( a i ) a e aced a he f he i g i he ai f j bef e f a
e e he i g a fi a he (a d ai ai he ai e a h i e e i h a a ia a ed
i g).

Q e i N be . 48. The i a g e f a ack f a ae f i i he a g e a hich.

O i A. he ae f i d ce a i if .
O i B. he ae f i d ce e if .
O i C. he highe if /d ag a i i d ced.

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C ec A e i . he highe if /d ag a i i d ced.
E a ai . The i a g e f a ack i he a g e a hich he highe if /d ag a i i d ced.

Q e i N be . 49. A high a ec a i i g ha a.
O i A. i c ea ed i d ced d ag.
O i B. dec ea ed ki f ic i d ag.
O i C. dec ea ed i d ced d ag.
C ec A e i . he highe if /d ag a i i d ced.
E a a i . I d ced d ag dec ea e i h i c ea i g a ec a i . (H e e , ki f ic i d ag a ed ce i ha
i c ea ed ch d e g h d e hicke i g f he b da a e - b hi i e ig ifica .).

Q e i N be . 50. Mi i a d ag f a ai c af cc .
O i A. he i d ced d ag i ea .
O i B. a he a i g eed.
O i C. he fi e d ag e a i d ced d ag.
C ec A e i . he fi e d ag e a i d ced d ag.
E a a i . Ske ch he d ag c e (d ag agai eed). I d ced d ag dec ea e e e ia ih eed. P fi e d ag
i c ea e e e ia i h eed. V d ( i i d ag eed) i he e he ee .

Q e i N be . 51. If he eigh f a ai c af i i c ea ed, he i d ced d ag a a gi e eed.

O i A. i i c ea e.
O i B. i dec ea e.
O i C. i e ai he a e.
C ec A e i . i i c ea e.
E a a i . If eigh i i c ea ed, f a gi e eed he ai c af f a a g ea e a g e f a ack (CL). I d ced d ag
i c ea e i h i c ea ed AOA.

Q e i N be . 52. The a i i i a i g i he i he e.
O i A. he b da a e f cha ge f a i a b e .
O i B. he f di ide a ab e a d be he i g.
O i C. he f e aae f he i g face.
C ec A e i . he b da a e f cha ge f a i a b e .
E a a i . The a i i i i a i he face f he i g he e he b da a e cha ge f a i a
b e .

Q e i N be . 53. The b da a e f a b d i a i g ai ea i .
O i A. a a e f ai e he face he e he ai eed i cha gi gf f ee ea eed e eed.
O i B. a a e f e a a ed f he e he ai i b e .
O i C. a hi a e f ai e he face he e he ai i ai a .
C ec A e i . a hi a e f ai e he face he e he ai i ai a . OR a a e f ai e he face
he e he ai eed i cha gi g f f ee ea eed e eed.
E a a i . The b da a e i a hi a e f ed ai i c ac i h he face f he ki hich i ed b
f ic i . S eed a gi gf ai a f ee ea eed.

Q e i N be . 54. A a i a b da a e i d ce.
O i A. e ki f ic i d ag ha a b e e.
O i B. he a e ki f ic i d ag a a b e e.
O i C. e ki f ic i d ag ha a b e e.
C ec A e i . e ki f ic i d ag ha a b e e.
E a a i . Ski f ic i d ag i g ea e i a b e b da a e ha i a a i a b da a e.

Q e i N be . 55. The b da a e i .
O i A. hicke a he eadi g edge.
O i B. hicke a he ai i g edge.
O i C. c a hick e f eadi g ai i g edge .
C ec A e i . hicke a he ai i g edge.
E a a i . The b da a e i hicke a he ai i g edge.

Q e i N be . 56. The a f h d ced b a je e gi e a e e ca be ca c a ed

i g.
O i A. Ne 3d a .
O i B. Ne 2 d a .
O i C. Ne 1 a .
C ec A e i . Ne 2 d a .
E a a i . Ne ' ec d a i F ce = Ma Acce e a i .

Q e i N be . 57. A e gi e hich d ce a eff f high eed i be.

O i A. e efficie .
O i B. e efficie .
O i C. eed f eff ha affec he e gi e efficie c .

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C ec A e i . e efficie .
E a ai . A e b je acce e a e a a f ai a a high a e a d i e efficie ha a b fa b
. Thi i beca e he a ed e e g i 1/2 V2 f he je eff .

Q e i N be . 58. Wi g adi g i ca c a ed b eigh .

O i A. di ided b if .
O i B. di ided b g i g a ea.
O i C. i ied b g i g a ea.
C ec A e i . di ided b g i g a ea.
E a a i . Wi g adi g i eigh di ided b i g a ea a d ea ed i Ne e ae e e.

Q e i N be . 59. I d ced d ag i .
O i A. hi g d i h eed.
O i B. i a eed.
O i C. i e e i a he a e f eed.
C ec A e i . i e e i a he ae f eed.
E a a i . I d ced d ag i i e e i a he a e f he eed - i.e. i ed ce i h he a e f he
eed.

Q e i N be . 60. A he a g e f a ack i c ea e he ag a i i .
O i A. e a d he e face.
O i B. d e e.
O i C. e a d he e face.
C ec A e i . e a d he e face.
E a a i . The ag a i i i he a i a ai a he eadi g edge f he i g. A he a g e f a ack i c ea e
he ag a i i e a d he e face.

Q e i N be . 61. The e i ch- i d e .

O i A. c e ibi i effec .
O i B. g d effec .
O i C. gi di a i abi i .
C ec A e i . gi di a i abi i .
E a a i . Pi ch- ' i a gi di a i abi i . I i ca ed b i gi a e i g , e i gi ad f he
ai .

Q e i N be . 62. I a ead c i b a a ead IAS, he TAS i .

O i A. e ha IAS.
O i B. he a e.
O i C. e ha IAS.
C ec A e i . e ha IAS.
E a a i . IAS = TAS ae f ig a. Sig a i he a i f de i a a i de de i a ea- e e . Sig a i
a a e ha 1.

Q e i N be . 63. A a e ed aigh i g i .
O i A. ha e a effec i ba ki g.
O i B. a a he fi .
O i C. ha e cha ge i i d ced d ag i he ba k.
C ec A e i . a a he fi .
E a a i . The aigh i g i a a a a he fi . Thi i he de i ed a cha ac e i ic.

Q e i N be . 64. Wi h he ai e a a f he e a , i d ced d ag i .
O i A. highe he e i g fi e d ag i c ea e .
O i B. cha ged b fi e d ag i highe .
O i C. highe he e i g fi e d ag i c ea e .
C ec A e i . highe he e i g fi e d ag i c ea e .
E a a i . I d ced d ag i ' if de e da d ag'. The e i g ha e if a d he ce e i d ced d ag. I a ha
e fi e d ag d e he ai e ' i i he ai f .

Q e i N be . 65. A he if ca be aid ac h gh he.

O i A. ce e f e e.
O i B. ce e f g a i .
O i C. a a i .
C ec A e i . ce e f e e.
E a a i . A he if i aid ac h gh he ce e f e e.

Q e i N be . 66. The c ce f h i e ai ed b .
O i A. Be i he e .
O i B. Ne 3d a .
O i C. Ne 1 a .
C ec A e i . Ne 3d a .
E a a i . Ne ' Thi d La a e 'E e ac i ha a e a a d i e eac i '.

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Q e i N be . 67. The ca be f a ae f i ec i i .
O i A. he a g e hich he ae f i ake i h he e a i e ai f .
O i B. he c a e f he edia i e f he ae f i .
O i C. he a g e f i cide ce a d he i f a i g.
C ec A e i . he c a e f he edia i e f he ae f i .
E a a i . Ae f i ca be i he c a e f he edia i e f he ae f i .

Q e i N be . 68. I d ced d ag.

O i A. i ca ed b ki f ic i .
O i B. i a cia ed i h he if ge e a ed b a ae f i .
O i C. e f di bed ai f i he egi f ai a e. OR i a cia ed i h he if ge e a ed b a
ae f i .
C ec A e i . e f di bed ai f i he egi f ai a e a ach e .
E a a i . I d ced d ag i f e ca ed ' if de e da d ag' beca e i i c ea e i h i c ea i g if (d e i c ea ed
AOA).

Q e i N be . 69. A ai f e he e ca be ed face f a ae f i , ha ha e e ci a d
e e?.
O i A. Ve ci i c ea e , e e i c ea e .
O i B. Ve ci i c ea e , e e dec ea e .
O i C. Ve ci dec ea e , e e dec ea e .
C ec A e i . Ve ci i c ea e , e e dec ea e .
E a a i . A ai f e he e ca be ed face f a ae f i , e ci i c ea e a d e e dec ea e . Thi
i Be i' effec .

Q e i N be . 70. Wha i he f ce ha e d a ai c af d ad he ea h?.

O i A. Th .
O i B. Weigh .
O i C. D ag.
C ec A e i . Weigh .
E a a i . Weigh e d he ai c af d ad he ea h.

Q e i N be . 71. The a g e a hich he ch d i e f he ae f i i e e ed he ai f i k

a .
O i A. a g e f a ack.
O i B. e a .
O i C. a g e f i cide ce.
C ec A e i . a g e f a ack.
E a a i . A g e f A ack i he a g e a hich he ch d i e f he ae f i i e e ed he ai f .

Q e i N be . 72. The i agi a aigh i e hich a e h gh a ae f i ec i f eadi g edge

ai i g edge i ca ed.
O i A. he ch d i e.
O i B. he di ec i f e a i e ai f .
O i C. ce e f e e.
C ec A e i . he ch d i e.
E a a i . The Ch d Li e i he i agi a aigh i e hich a e h gh he ae f i f eadi g edge ai i g
edge.

Q e i N be . 73. Wha i he a g e be ee he ch d i e f he i g, a d he gi di a a i f he
ai c af , k a ?.
O i A. A ge f dihed a .
O i B. A ge f a ack.
O i C. A ge f i cide ce.
C ec A e i . A g e f i cide ce.
E a a i . A ge f i cide ce i he a g e be ee he ch d i e f he i g a d he gi di a a i f he ai c af .

Q e i N be . 74. Wi g i ice c ea e a e f d ag k a .
O i A. f d ag.
O i B. fi e d ag.
O i C. i d ced d ag.
C ec A e i . i d ced d ag.
E a a i . I d ced d ag i a cia ed i h i g i ice .

Q e i N be . 75. Which f he f i g de c ibe he 'E e age'?.

O i A. Tai ec i f he ai c af , i c di g fi , dde , ai a e a d e e a .
O i B. N e ec i f a ai c af , i c di g he c ck i .
O i C. The i g , i c di g he ai e .

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C ec A e i . Tai ec i f he ai c af , i c di g fi , dde , ai a e a d e e a .
E a ai . E a age' i he h e ai f he ai c af i c di g fi , dde , ai a e a d e e a .

Q e i N be . 76. A he a g e f a ack i i c ea ed ( he a i ), hich f he f i gi

c ec ?.
O i A. B h a) a d b) a e c ec .
O i B. Pe e diffe e ce be ee a db f he i g i c ea e .
O i C. Lif i c ea e .
C ec A e i . B h a) a d b) a e c ec .
E a a i . A he a g e f a ack i i c ea ed he e e diffe e ce be ee he e a d e face f he
i g i i c ea ed. Thi ca e he if i c ea e.

Q e i N be . 77. Wha e f d ag, de e d he h e f he b d , a d face a ea e hich he

ai f ?.
O i A. F d ag.
O i B. Pa a i e d ag.
O i C. Ski f ic i d ag.
C ec A e i . Ski f ic i d ag.
E a a i . Ski f ic i d ag de e d he h e f he b d a d he face a ea.

Q e i N be . 78. Whe ai f e ci e a e ca be ed face f a ae f i dec ea e , ha ake

ace?.
O i A. Pe e dec ea e , if i c ea e .
O i B. Pe e i c ea e , if dec ea e .
O i C. Pe e i c ea e , if i c ea e .
C ec A e i . Pe e i c ea e , if dec ea e .
E a a i . Whe ai f e ci e he e ca be ed face f a ae f i DECREASES, he e e i c ea e
a d h he if dec ea e .

Q e i N be . 79. Whe a ai c af a .
O i A. if i c ea e a d d ag dec ea e .
O i B. if a d d ag i c ea e.
O i C. if dec ea e a d d ag i c ea e .
C ec A e i . if dec ea e a d d ag i c ea e .
E a a i . Whe a ai c af a he d ag i c ea e a d he if dec ea e .

Q e i N be . 80. Wi g adi g i .
O i A. he a i a eigh i ied b he a i g a ea.
O i B. he a i a eigh di ided b he a i g a ea.
O i C. he a i f he a eigh f he ai c af i ba ic eigh .
C ec A e i . he a i f he a eigh f he ai c af i ba ic eigh . OR he a i a eigh
di ided b he a i g a ea.
E a a i . Wi g L adi g i eigh di ided b i g a ea. Mea ed i Ne e S a e Me e.

Q e i N be . 81. A ai c af i g i h a a ec a i f6:1i i a ha .
O i A. he i g a ea i i i e he a .
O i B. he ea ch d i i i e he hick e .
O i C. he i g a i i i e he ea ch d.
C ec A e i . he i g a i i i e he ea ch d.
E a a i . If a ec a i i 6 : 1 he i g a i 6 i e he ea ch d.

Q e i N be . 82. U ada d a di ci a i fa ai a ei e ed.

O i A. dihed a .
O i B. ee .
O i C. agge .
C ec A e i . dihed a .
E a a i . U ada d a di ci a i fa ai a ei e ed dihed a .

Q e i N be . 83. Which f he f i g f ce ac a ai c af i e e f igh ?.

O i A. Lif , d ag, h .
O i B. Lif , h , a d eigh .
O i C. Lif , h , eigh , a d d ag.
C ec A e i . Lif , h , eigh , a d d ag.
E a a i . Lif , h , eigh a d d ag ac a ai c af i e e f igh .

Q e i N be . 84. Wi h efe e ce a i e e , QFE i .

O i A. he a fac e egi e ed a e.
O i B. i e fi e e i e .
O i C. e i g ae d ea he ic e e ha a a i e e ead e a di g a d ake ff.
C ec A e i . e i g ae d ea he ic e e ha a a i e e ead e a di g a d ake ff.

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E a ai . Qi he a he a ica b f e e. FE a d f Fie d E e a i . QFE efe e i g he a i e e
ae d ea he ic e e he a i e e ead e a di g a d ake ff.

Q e i N be . 85. U de he ICAO 'Q' c de he e a e hich h ee e i g ?.

O i A. QEF, QNH, QEN.
O i B. QE, QN, QQE.
O i C. QFE, QNH, QNE.
C ec A e i . QFE, QNH, QNE.
E a a i . The ICAO 'Q' c de a e QFE. QNE, QNH.

Q e i N be . 86. Wi g adi g i .
O i A. WING AREA * WING CHORD.
O i B. GROSS WEIGHT di ided b GROSS WING AREA.
O i C. he i a e e i e e g h f he i g.
C ec A e i . GROSS WEIGHT di ided b GROSS WING AREA.
E a a i . Wi g adi g i g eigh di ided b i g a ea ea ed i Ne e S a e Me e.

Q e i N be . 87. Weigh i e a .
O i A. a * acce e a i .
O i B. a *ga i .
O i C. e*ga i .
C ec A e i . a *ga i .
E a a i . Weigh = a * g a i i aigh a d e e f igh . I a a e e, addi i a acce e a i ae e e ,
hich a e e i e c ide ed i c ea e eigh . The e i ca he ef e be a e ed i a .

Q e i N be . 88. I d ced d ag.

O i A. i c ea e i h i c ea e i ai c af eigh .
O i B. i c ea e i h a i c ea e i eed.
O i C. ed ce i h a i c ea e i a g e f a ack.
C ec A e i . i c ea e i h i c ea e i ai c af eigh .
E a a i . I d ced d ag i c ea e i h ai c af eigh beca e i i ' if de e da d ag'.

Q e i N be . 89. Ai f e he e face f he i g ge e a .
O i A. f a d he i .
O i B. f a d he .
O i C. f aigh f eadi g edge ai i g edge.
C ec A e i . f a d he .
E a ai . D e i g i ice he e i a ge e a f f ai f i he face, a d i
he e face.

Q e i N be . 90. Wi h a i c ea e i a ec a i f a gi e IAS, i d ced d ag i .

O i A. ed ce.
O i B. e ai c a .
O i C. i c ea e.
C ec A e i . ed ce.
E a ai . A g e de i g (high a ec a i ) ha a i d ced d ag.

Q e i N be . 91. If he de i f he ai i i c ea ed, he if i .
O i A. e ai he a e.
O i B. i c ea e.
O i C. dec ea e.
C ec A e i . i c ea e.
E a a i . See he f af if . Lif i di ec i a ai de i .

Q e i N be . 92. A he fac ha affec he if d ced b a ae f i a e.

O i A. a g e f a ack, e ci , i g a ea, ae f i ha e, ai de i .
O i B. a g e f a ack, ai e e a e, e ci , i g a ea.
O i C. a g e f a ack, ai de i , e ci , i g a ea.
C ec A e i . a g e f a ack, e ci , i g a ea, ae f i ha e, ai de i .
E a a i . Lif f a i CL (i c de ae f i ha e a d a g e f a ack) * 1/2 * ai de i * e ci a ed.

Q e i N be . 93. A i g ec i i ab e f high eed d be.

O i A. hi i h high ca be .
O i B. hick i h high ca be .
O i C. hi ih i e ca be .
C ec A e i . hi ih i e ca be .
E a a i . A high eed i g i hi i h i e ca be .

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Q e i N be . 94. The i d ced d ag f a ai c af .

O i A. i c ea e if a ec a i i i c ea ed.
O i B. dec ea e i h i c ea i g eed.
O i C. i c ea e i h i c ea i g eed.
C ec A e i . dec ea e i h i c ea i g eed.
E a a i . I d ced d ag dec ea e i h i c ea i g eed.

Q e i N be . 95. A he eed f a ai c af i c ea e , he fi e d ag.

O i A. dec ea e a fi he i c ea e.
O i B. i c ea e .
O i C. dec ea e .
C ec A e i . i c ea e .
E a a i . P fi e d ag i c ea e i h i c ea i g eed.

Q e i N be . 96. The ag a i i a ae f i i he i he e.
O i A. he b da a e cha ge f a i a b e .
O i B. he c i e e eache a a i .
O i C. he ai f i b gh c ee e .
C ec A e i . he ai f i b gh c ee e .
E a a i . The ag a i i he ae f i i he i he e he ai f i b gh c ee e he
eadi g edge.

Q e i N be . 97. The a i g f a ae f i i affec ed b he.

O i A. a ii eed.
O i B. ai eed.
O i C. a g e f a ack.
C ec A e i . a g e f a ack.
E a a i . The a ii f a ae f i i de e i ed b i a g e f a ack .

Q e i N be . 98. The f e efficie f he f i g e f e gi e i he.

O i A. b -je e gi e.
O i B. b -fa e gi e.
O i C. cke .
C ec A e i . b -fa e gi e.
E a a i . The b fa i he f e efficie e gi e.

Q e i N be . 99. The ie e f he f i g e f e gi e i he.

O i A. b -je e gi e.
O i B. cke .
O i C. b -fa e gi e.
C ec A e i . b -fa e gi e.
E a a i . The b fa i he ie e e gi e.

Q e i N be . 100. F ad i f a g ide i ided b .

O i A. he eigh .
O i B. he d ag.
O i C. he e gi e.
C ec A e i . he eigh .
E a a i . The eigh ide f ad i f a g ide .

Q e i N be . 101. P fi e d ag c i f ha d ag e ?.
O i A. F , i d ced a d i e fe e ce.
O i B. F , i d ced a d ki f ic i .
O i C. F , ki f ic i a d i e fe e ce.
C ec A e i . F , ki f ic i a d i e fe e ce.
E a a i . P fi e d ag (k a Pa a i e d ag i he USA) c i fF D ag, Ski F ic i D ag a d I e fe e ce
D ag.

Q e i N be . 102. A ai c af i aigh a d e e f igh i bjec .

O i A. a ad fac f 1.
O i B. a ad fac f .
O i C. e ad fac .
C ec A e i . a ad fac f 1.
E a a i . A ai c af i aigh a d e e f igh i bjec a ad fac f 1 (i.e. 1g).

Q e i N be . 103. A ec a i i gi e b he f a.
O i A. Mea Ch d / S a .
O i B. S a 2 / A ea.
O i C. S a 2 / Mea Ch d.
C ec A e i . S a 2 / A ea.

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E a ai . A ec Ra i i a / ea ch d. M i a db b a a d ge a 2/a ea.

Q e i N be . 104. A a ec a i f 8 ea .
O i A. he ea ch d i 8 i e he a .
O i B. he a i 8 i e he ea ch d.
O i C. he a ea i 8 i e he a .
C ec A e i . he a i 8 i e he ea ch d.
E a a i . A A ec Ra i f 8 ea he a i 8 i e he ch d.

Q e i N be . 105. A high a ec a i i g.
O i A. ha a highe a a g e ha a a ec a i i g.
O i B. i iffe ha a a ec a i i g.
O i C. ha e i d ced d ag ha a a ec a i i g.
C ec A e i . ha e i d ced d ag ha a a ec a i i g.
E a ai . A g e de i g (high a ec a i ) ha e i d ced d ag ha a h bb i g.

Q e i N be . 106. I d ced d a h.
O i A. ed ce he effec i e a g e f a ack f he i g.
O i B. i c ea e he effec i e a g e f a ack f he i g.
O i C. ha effec he a g e f a ack f he i g.
C ec A e i . ed ce he effec i e a g e f a ack f he i g.
E a a i . I d ced d a h ed ce he effec i e a g e f a ack f he i g.

Q e i N be . 107. A aigh ec a g a i g, i h a i , i .
O i A. ha e e a g e f a ack a he i .
O i B. ha e g ea e a g e f a ack a he i .
O i C. ha e he a e a g e f a ack a a i a g he a .
C ec A e i . ha e he a e a g e f a ack a a i a g he a . OR ha e e a g e f a ack a he
i .
E a ai . D e i gi ice , he e i ed a h a he i , a d he ef e he e i e a g e f a ack a
he i .

Q e i N be . 108. Gi e 2 i g , he fi i ha a f 12 a d a ch d f 2 . The ec d ha a a f6
a d a ch d f 1 . H d hei A ec Ra i c a e?.
O i A. The fi i highe .
O i B. The a e he a e.
O i C. The ec d i highe .
C ec A e i . The a e he a e.
E a a i . A ec a i = S a /Ch d.

Q e i N be . 109. The C f G e i f igh . The ike ca e f hi i .

O i A. e e f a e ge .
O i B. c i ff e a d i .
O i C. e e f ca g .
C ec A e i . c i ff e a d i .
E a ai . C i f f e a d i ca e he C f G e i f igh .

Q e i N be . 110. A aigh ec a g a i g, i h a i , i .
O i A. a e a a g he a f he i g.
O i B. a fi a he i .
O i C. a fi a he .
C ec A e i . a fi a he .
E a ai . A aigh ec a g a i g i a fi a he . Thi i beca e he effec i e a g e f a ack i
ed ced a he i beca e f he g ea e d a h a he i .

Q e i N be . 111. Whe a ai c af e e ie ce i d ced d ag.

O i A. ai f de he i g a i e a d he a d f he i g a i e a d he i .
O i B. ai f de he i g a i e a d he i a d f he i g a i e a d he .
O i C. Nei he a) b) i ce i d ced d ag d e ca e a i ef .
C ec A e i . Nei he a) b) i ce i d ced d ag d e ca e a i e. OR ai f de he i g a i e
a d he i a d f he i g a i e a d he .
E a a i . I d ced d ag ca e ai f de he i g a i e a d he i a d f he i g a i e
a d he .

Q e i N be . 112. A ae a e i g i de ig ed d ce if e i gf ea i e .
O i A. i i e ai e e be a d ab e he i g' face.
O i B. i i e ai e e be he i g' face a ega i e ai e e ab e he i g' face.
O i C. ega i e ai e e be he i g' face a d i i e ai e e ab e he i g' face. OR
ega i e ai e e be he i g' face a d i i e ai .
C ec A e i . ega i e ai e e be he i g' face a d i i e ai .

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E a a i . The i g i de ig ed d ce if e i gf ea i e i i e ai e e be he i g face
a d ega i e ai e e ab e he i g face.

Q e i N be . 113. A ec a i f a i g i defi ed a he a i f he.

O i A. i g a he ea ch d.
O i B. i g a he i g .
O i C. a e f he ch d he i g a .
C ec A e i . i g a he ea ch d.
E a a i . A ec a i i defi ed a he a i f he i g a ea ch d.

Q e i N be . 114. Which f he f i gi e?.

O i A. Lif ac a igh a g e he e a i e ai f a d eigh ac e ica d .
O i B. Lif ac a igh a g e he i g ch d i e a d eigh ac e ica d .
O i C. Lif ac a igh a g e he e a i e ai f a d eigh ac a igh a g e he ai c af ce e i e.
C ec A e i . Lif ac a igh a g e he e a i e ai f a d eigh ac e ica d .
E a a i . Lif ac a igh a g e he e a i e ai f a d eigh ac e ica d .

Q e i N be . 115. The ai f e he e face f a ca be ed i g.

O i A. i c ea e i e ci a d ed ce i e e.
O i B. i c ea e i e ci a d e e.
O i C. ed ce i e ci a d i c ea e i e e.
C ec A e i . i c ea e i e ci a d ed ce i e e.
E a a i . Ai f f i g e he e face f a ae f i i c ea e i e ci a d dec ea e i e e.

Q e i N be . 116. Wi h i c ea ed eed i e e f igh .

O i A. fi e d ag i c ea e .
O i B. i d ced d ag i c ea e .
O i C. fi e d ag e ai c a .
C ec A e i . fi e d ag i c ea e .
E a a i . Wi h i c ea ed eed i e e f igh , he fi e d ag i c ea e a d he i d ced d ag dec ea e .

Q e i N be . 117. A ae a e i g i de ig ed d ce if e i gf ea i e .
O i A. i i e ai e e be he i g' face a d ega i e ai e e ab e he i g' face.
O i B. ega i e ai e e be he i g' face a d i i e ai e e ab e he i g' face.
O i C. i i e ai e e be a d ab e he i g' face.
C ec A e i . i i e ai e e be a d ab e he i g' face.
E a a i . The i g i de ig ed d ce if e i gf ea i e i i e ai e e be he i g face
a d ega i e ai e e ab e he i g face.".

Q e i N be . 118. The a g e f a ack f a ae f i ec i i he a g e be ee he.

O i A. de ide f he i g face a d he ea ai f .
O i B. ch d i e a d he e a i e ai f .
O i C. ch d i e a d he ce e i e f he f e age.
C ec A e i . ch d i e a d he e a i e ai f .
E a a i . A g e f a ack f a ae f i i he a g e be ee he ch d i e a d he e a i e ai f .

Q e i N be . 119. A e i g e d a fi a he.
O i A. ce e ec i .
O i B. .
O i C. i .
C ec A e i . i .
E a ai . A e i g e d a fi a he i .

Q e i N be . 120. The ai i g e a i ed i g ( a e a i = 0) i .
O i A. a he i .
O i B. e a a a g he i g a .
O i C. a he .
C ec A e i . a he .
E a a i . The e f a i ed i g c ce a ed a he f he i g - e ac ie aigh i g .

Q e i N be . 121. The if c e f a de a i g i .
O i A. e ee ha ha f a high a ec a i i g.
O i B. e ee ha ha f a high a ec a i i g.
O i C. he a e a ha f a high a ec a i i g.
C ec A e i . e ee ha ha f a high a ec a i i g.
E a a i . A de a i g d ce e if f a gi e a g e f a ack ha a he e f i g.

Q e i N be . 122. A i c ea e i he eed a hich a ae f i a e h gh he ai i c ea e if

beca e.

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O i A. he i c ea ed eed f he ai f c ea e a g ea e e e diffe e ia be ee he e a d e
face .
O i B. he i c ea ed eed f he ai f c ea e a e e e e diffe e ia be ee he e a d e
face .
O i C. he i c ea ed e ci f he e a i e i d i c ea e he a g e f a ack.
C ec A e i . he i c ea ed e ci f he e a i e i d i c ea e he a g e. OR he i c ea ed eed f he ai f
c ea e a g ea e e e diffe e ia be ee he e a d e face .
E a a i . I c ea i g he eed f a ae f i i c ea e he e e diffe e ia be ee he e a d e face.

Q e i N be . 123. A de a i g ha .
O i A. a e a a g e ha a aigh i g.
O i B. a highe a a g e ha a aigh i g.
O i C. he a e a a g e ha a aigh i g.
C ec A e i . a highe a a g e ha a aigh i g.
E a a i . A de a i g ha a ch highe a a g e ha a a i g( ea ch a 40 deg ee ).

Q e i N be . 124. The ai f e he e face f a ca be ed i g.

O i A. ed ce i e ci a d i c ea e i e e.
O i B. i c ea e i e ci a d ed ce i e e.
O i C. i c ea e i e ci a d e e.
C ec A e i . i c ea e i e ci a d ed ce i e e.
E a a i . Ai f e he e face f a ca be ed face f he i g i c ea e i e ci a d dec ea e i
e e.

Q e i N be . 125. The eed f ai e a e i g hich c ib e he if i .

O i A. e ha he ai c af eed.
O i B. he a e a he ai c af eed.
O i C. e ha he ai c af eed.
C ec A e i . e ha he ai c af eed.
E a a i . If ai c af eed i V, eed f ai f e i g hich c ib e if i Vc ( ee a g e).
C ( ee a g e) < 1. See AC Ke de, Mecha ic f F igh (10 h edi i ). Pg 359 Fig 11.16.

Q e i N be . 126. F a gi e a g e f a ack, i d ced d ag i .

O i A. g ea e a high a ec a i i g.
O i B. g ea e a d he i g .
O i C. g ea e a a ec a i i g.
C ec A e i . g ea e a a ec a i i g.
E a ai . A a ec a i i g ( h - bb i g) ha a g ea e i d ced d ag.

Q e i N be . 127. I aigh a d e e f igh , he a g e f a ack f a e i gi .

O i A. e ha he ai c af a g e he h i a.
O i B. e ha he ai c af a g e he h i a.
O i C. he a e a he ai c af a g e he h i a.
C ec A e i . e ha he ai c af a g e he h i a.
E a a i . Si ce he 'effec i e' e ci ec e a e i gi a a e i h he f a d di ec i f he
ai c af , a cha ge i i ch f he ai c af ha e e effec he AOA f he i g.

Q e i N be . 128. I d ced d ag.

O i A. i e a he fi e d ag a V d.
O i B. i e a he fi e d ag a he a i g eed.
O i C. i e e e a he fi e d ag.
C ec A e i . i e a he fi e d ag a V d.
E a a i . I d ced d ag i e a fi e d ag a V d.

Q e i N be . 129. A de a i g ai c af f i g a he a e eed ( b ic) a d a g e f a ack a a e i g

ai c af f i i a i g a ea i d ce.
O i A. e if .
O i B. e if .
O i C. he a e if .
C ec A e i . e if .
E a a i . A de a i g ai c af a a gi e a g e f a ack a d eed i d ce e if ha a he e f
i g.

Q e i N be . 130. The ag a i i i .
O i A. a ic e e i d a ic e e.
O i B. d a ic e e .
O i C. a ic e e d a ic e e.
C ec A e i . a ic e e d a ic e e.
E a a i . A ag a i , he e ei a ( a ic d a ic).

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Q e i N be . 131. O a e i g ai c af , d e he ad e e e e g adie , he b da a e he
e face f he i g e d f .
O i A. a d he .
O i B. a d he i .
O i C. di ec f eadi g edge ai i g edge.
C ec A e i . a d he i .
E a ai . D e ad e e e e g adie a e i g, he b da a e ide a d he i a d hicke a
he i . Thi i h e i g a fi a he i .

Q e i N be . 132. Wi h i c ea ed eed i e e f igh .

O i A. i d ced d ag i c ea e .
O i B. fi e d ag i c ea e .
O i C. fi e d ag e ai c a .
C ec A e i . fi e d ag i c ea e .
E a a i . P fi e d ag i c ea e i h eed, i d ced d ag dec ea e ih eed.

Q e i N be . 133. If a e i g a a he i fi , he ai c af i .
O i A. i ch e .
O i B. .
O i C. i ch ed .
C ec A e i . i ch e .
E a a i . Si ce he i a e behi d he Ce e f G a i , i g he if a he i i ca e he e i e.

Q e i N be . 134. The hick e /ch d a i f he i gi a k a .

O i A. fi e e ai .
O i B. ea ch d a i .
O i C. a ec a i .
C ec A e i . fi e e ai .
E a a i . The hick e /ch d a i f he i g i a k a he fi e e a i . (Tech ica , hick e /ch d a i
= 1/fi e e a i ).

Q e i N be . 135. F e e f a ea a d e i g i .
O i A. i c ea e he if a d he ce i c ea e he f e e.
O i B. i c ea e he if a d he ce dec ea e he f e e.
O i C. dec ea e he if a d he ce dec ea e he f e e.
C ec A e i . dec ea e he if a d he ce dec ea e he f e e.
E a a i . F e e f a ea a d e i g i dec ea e he if ( i ce he i g e e i e face he
ai f a d he a g e f a ack ed ce ) a d he i g f e e back.

Q e i N be . 136. A High A ec Ra i i gi a i g i h.
O i A. h a , g ch d.
O i B. g a , g ch d.
O i C. g a , h ch d.
C ec A e i . g a , h ch d.
E a a i . A ec a i i he a i f a ch d.

Q e i N be . 137. Sa c e ci g a he i efe ed beca e.

O i A. i ide he i i ha a i g fc ee f if .
O i B. he ai e bec e i effec i e.
O i C. i i ca e he ai c af i ch e .
C ec A e i . i ide he i i ha a i g fc ee f if .
E a ai . Sa c e ci g a he ca e b e ai hi he ai a e. The e i g 'b ffe ' a he i
j bef e c ee a .

Q e i N be . 138. A ai c af f i g i 'g d effec ' i d ce.

O i A. he a e if a a i i a ai c af ide f g d effec .
O i B. e if ha a i i a ai c af ide f g d effec .
O i C. e if ha a i i a ai c af ide f g d effec .
C ec A e i . e if ha a i i a ai c af ide f g d effec .
E a a i . A ai c af f i g i g d effec i ha e e if ha a ai c af f i gi g d effec ( hich i
h eag g ide c e he a e face).

Q e i N be . 139. If he a g e f a ack f a i g i i c ea ed i f igh , he.

O i A. C fP i e af .
O i B. C fP i ef a d.
O i C. C fG i e af .
C ec A e i . C fP i ef a d.
E a a i . I c ea i g he AOA e he C fP f a d.

Q e i N be . 140. The Ra H V e af ad e i g i be.

O i A. e ha a ea a d e i g.

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O i B. e ha a ea a d e i g.
O i C. he a e a a ea a d e i g.
C ec A e i . e ha a ea a d e i g.
E a a i . Af ad e i gd e ffe f he Ra H V e .

Q e i N be . 141. F a ca be ed i g ec i he e if a g e f a ack i be.

O i A. 4 deg ee .
O i B. e .
O i C. ega i e.
C ec A e i . ega i e.
E a ai . A e ica i g i d ce e if a e deg ee . The ef e i ha e a ega i e a g e f
a ack d ce e if .

Q e i N be . 142. Ai f a b ic eed i ake be.

O i A. c e ib e.
O i B. ei he a b de e di g a i de.
O i C. i c e ib e.
C ec A e i . i c e ib e.
E a a i . S b ic ai f i a a c ide ed be i c e ib e.

Q e i N be . 143. Be i' e a i h ha .
O i A. a c a e ci he ki e ic e e g f he ai cha ge i h a cha ge f heigh .
O i B. i h a cha ge i e ci a c a heigh he a ic e e i cha ge.
O i C. i h a cha ge i eed a c a heigh b h ki e ic a d e ia e e gie cha ge.
C ec A e i . i h a cha ge i e ci a c a heigh he a ic e e i cha ge.
E a a i . Be i' he e a e ha if e ci i c ea e , he a ic e e dec ea e , a d ice e a.

Q e i N be . 144. If f id f h gh a e i i aid be i c e ib e, he eed f he f i c ea e a

he h a .
O i A. a f a ed c i i a ic e e.
O i B. ai ai a c a ef a e.
O i C. a f a i c ea e i a ic e e.
C ec A e i . ai ai a c a ef a e.
E a ai . V ef a ei c a a a a f he f (if f id i i c e ib e) ega d e fc ec i a
a ea.

Q e i N be . 145. T d ce if , a ae f i be.
O i A. a e ica .
O i B. e ica .
O i C. ei he e ica a e ica .
C ec A e i . ei he e ica a e ica .
E a ai . T d ce if , he ae f i ca be ei he e ica a e ica .

Q e i N be . 146. Lif i de e de .
O i A. he e a ea f he i g , he de i f he f id edi a d he e ci .
O i B. he a ea f he i g, he de i f he f id edi , a d he ae f he e ci .
O i C. he f a a ea f he i g, he de i f he f id edi a d he e ci .
C ec A e i . he a ea f he i g, he de i f he f id edi , a d he a e f he e ci .
E a a i . See he f af if .

Q e i N be . 147. A i g de e 10,000 N f if a 100 k .A i g he i g e ai a he a e a g e

f a ack a d e ai a he a e a i de, h ch if i i de e a 300k ?.
O i A. 30,000 N.
O i B. 900,000 N.
O i C. 90,000 N.
C ec A e i . 90,000 N.
E a a i . See he f af if . Ve ci i a ed, if i e he e ci , he if i 9 i e .

Q e i N be . 148. The a g e f a ack i .

O i A. e a ed a g e f i cide ce.
O i B. a a ke be 15 deg ee .
O i C. e a ed he a g e f i cide ce.
C ec A e i . e a ed he a g e f i cide ce.
E a a i . See defi i i f a g e f a ack a d a g e f i cide ce.

Q e i N be . 149. The diffe e ce be ee he ea ca be i e a d he ch d i e f a ae f i i .

O i A. ei he a e aigh .
O i B. he b h a be c ed.
O i C. ei a a aigh a d he he a be aigh .
C ec A e i . ei a a aigh a d he he a be aigh .
E a a i . See he defi i i f ea ca be a d ch d i e.

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Q e i N be . 150. If he C f G i ca c a ed af e adi g a i hi i i f ake ff.

O i A. a f he ca c a i i e i ed i a di g a f f e a d i c i .
O i B. a f he ca c a i i e i ed i a di g a f f a de e .
O i C. f he ca c a i i e i ed.
C ec A e i . a f he ca c a i i e i ed i a di g a f f e a d i c i .
E a a i . If he CG f he f e i di ec he e ai c af CG, he aded ai c af CG be ca c a ed
ice ( i h a d i h f e ).

Q e i N be . 151. He ic e b ade c ea e if b .
O i A. hi g he ai d .
O i B. ki g ike a c e .
O i C. c ea i g e e ab e he b ade .
C ec A e i . c ea i g e e ab e he b ade .
E a ai . A e ae d a ici d a a h ee a e c ec . B bab a) i ech ica c ec .

Q e i N be . 152. The a i ec e f he ai f i .
O i A. g ea e a highe eed .
O i B. affec ed b eed.
O i C. e a highe eed .
C ec A e i . e a highe eed .
E a a i . The i ice a e e a high eed (d e e AOA a high eed). The i ice ca e he a
i ef .

Q e i N be . 153. A i g fe ce.
O i A. ac a a if d i g de ice.
O i B. ed ce a i ef a e i g h ed ci g i d ced d ag.
O i C. i c ea e a e a c .
C ec A e i . ed ce a i ef a e i g h ed ci g i d ced d ag.
E a a i . A i g fe ce ed ce a i e f . Refe : Ba a d a d Phi Page 78.

Q e i N be . 154. Wi h a c di i e ai i g he a e, if he ai c af eed i ha ed, b ha fac i he

if ed ced?.
O i A. Ha f.
O i B. B a fac f 4.
O i C. Re ai he a e.
C ec A e i . B a fac f 4.
E a a i . Lif i i a he a e f ai c af eed.

Q e i N be . 155. The b da a e e a ae f i i .
O i A. a a e f ai c e he ae f i hich i i g a a e ci e ha f ee ea ai .
O i B. a a e f b e ai c e he ae f i hich i i g a a e ci e ha f ee ea ai .
O i C. a a e f ai c e he ae f i ha i ai a .
C ec A e i . a a e f ai c e he ae f i hich i i g a a e ci e ha f ee ea ai .
E a ai . B da a e ai c i f b e a d a i a ai f .

Q e i N be . 156. O a e i g ai c af , he fi e e a i f a ae f i i .
O i A. highe a he .
O i B. e a h gh he a .
O i C. highe a he i .
C ec A e i . highe a he i .
E a ai . Fi e e a i (ch d/ hick e ) i g ea e a he i . Fi e e a i i he i e e f hick e /ch d a i .
S e e b k diffe he defi i i f 'fi e e a i ' b a e FR = ch d/ hick e . Q e A&P Mecha ic
Ai f a e Ha db k Page 32 'If a i g ha a high fi e e a i , i i a e hi i g. A hick i g ha fi e e a i '.

Q e i N be . 157. S ea i i g i ed ce.
O i A. i d ced d ag.
O i B. ki f ic i d ag.
O i C. f d ag.
C ec A e i . f d ag.
E a ai . F d ag i a f c i f ha e.

Q e i N be . 158. If a ai c af ha a g eigh f 3000 kg a d i he bjec ed a a eigh f 6000 kg

he ad fac i be.
O i A. 2G.
O i B. 9G.
O i C. 3G.
C ec A e i . 2G.
E a a i . L ad fac i a ea e f h a i e hea ie he ai c af 'fee ' c a ed h hea i ac a i .

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Q e i N be . 159. Ice f ed he eadi g edge i ca e he ai c af .
O i A. a a a highe eed.
O i B. a a a e eed.
O i C. a a he a e a eed a d AOA.
C ec A e i . a a a highe eed.
E a a i . Ice cha ge he i g ec i ha e a d he ce if (CL) i e a d a eed i g ea e .

Q e i N be . 160. U de ha c di i i a ai c af c ea e be if ?.
O i A. H da da a 1200 f .
O i B. C d d da a 200 f .
O i C. C d e da a 1200 f .
C ec A e i . C d d da a 200 f .
E a a i . C d d ai a a i de ide a i ai de i he ce be if .

Q e i N be . 161. A Mach be i c ea e , ha i he effec b da a e ?.

O i A. Bec e e b e .
O i B. Dec ea e i hick e .
O i C. Bec e e b e .
C ec A e i . Bec e e b e .
E a ai . A eed i c ea e ( eed he e i ea ed i Mach) he a i i i e f a d, he ce b e
b da a e i c ea e .

Q e i N be . 162. D i g a g ide he f i g f ce ac a ai c af .
O i A. if a d eigh .
O i B. if , d ag, eigh .
O i C. if , eigh , h .
C ec A e i . if , d ag, eigh .
E a ai . N h i a g ide. The eigh ide he f ad i .

Q e i N be . 163. If a ai e i ed d a d.
O i A. he a i g a g e f ha i g i i c ea ed.
O i B. he a i ga gei affec ed b he a i g eed i dec ea ed.
O i C. he a i g a g e f ha i g i dec ea ed.
C ec A e i . he a i g a g e f ha i g i dec ea ed.
E a a i . The ai e i c ea e he ' ca ' AOA a d ide a g ea e ca be . B h i ca e he a i g a g e f he
i g dec ea e.

Q e i N be . 164. If he i g adi g f a ai c af e e ed ced he a i g eed d.

O i A. i c ea e.
O i B. be affec ed.
O i C. dec ea e.
C ec A e i . dec ea e.
E a a i . A i c ea e i i g adi g i c ea e he a eed. A d ice e a.

Q e i N be . 165. The if a i g i i c ea ed i h.
O i A. a i c ea e i e e a e.
O i B. a i c ea e i e e.
O i C. a i c ea e i h idi .
C ec A e i . a i c ea e i e e.
E a a i . Lif de e d de i . I c ea e i h idi a d e ea e ed ce de i . I c ea e i e e
i c ea e de i .

Q e i N be . 166. The ai f behi d a a h ck a e i .

O i A. a a be b ic a d i he a e di ec i a he igi a ai f .
O i B. a a be e ic a d i he a e di ec i a he igi a ai f .
O i C. a a be b ic a d def ec ed f he di ec i f he igi a ai f .
C ec A e i . a a be b ic a d i he a e di ec i a he igi a ai f .
E a a i . The ai f behi d a a h ck i b ic, a d i he a e di ec i . I i e ic behi d a bi e
h ck (a d igh def ec ed).

Q e i N be . 167. I d ced d ag ca be ed ced b he e f.

O i A. ea i i g.
O i B. high a ec a i i g .
O i C. fai i g a j c i be ee f e age a d i g .
C ec A e i . high a ec ai i g .
E a a i . High a ec a i i g ha e i d ced d ag (IE a g ide i g).

Q e i N be . 168. I e fe e ce d ag ca be ed ced b he e f.
O i A. fai i g a j ci be ee f e age a d i g .
O i B. high a ec a i i g .
O i C. ea i i g.

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C ec A e i . fai i g a j c i be ee f e age a d i g .
E a ai . I e fe e ce d ag cc a a e f b e ce a i g b d j i .

Q e i N be . 169. G idi g a g e i he a g e be ee .
O i A. g d a d he g ide a h.
O i B. ai c af a d f igh a h.
O i C. ai c af a d ai f .
C ec A e i . g d a d he g ide a h.
E a a i . The g ea e he L/D a g e he e he g ide a g e i - he ef e ca g ide f he .

Q e i N be . 170. P e e S idi ca be i c ea ed b .
O i A. i c ea i g he be f b ade .
O i B. dec ea i g he e g h f he b ade .
O i C. i c ea i g he b ade a g e.
C ec A e i . i c ea i g he be f b ade .
E a a i . A C Ke de Mecha ic f F igh CH 4 Page 138 h eh d f i c ea i g idi .

Q e i N be . 171. Lif i ge e a ed b a i g.
O i A. he b face.
O i B. he face.
O i C. e a he a db face .
C ec A e i . he face.
E a a i . 2/3 f if i d ced b he face.

Q e i N be . 172. Lif i de e de .
O i A. he a ea f he i g, he de i f he f id edi a d he a e f he e ci .
O i B. he e a ea f he i g, he de i f he f id edi a d he e ci .
O i C. he f a a ea f he i g, he de i f he f id edi a d he e ci .
C ec A e i . he a ea f he i g, he de i f he f id edi a d he a e f he e ci .
E a ai . Lif = Lif C efficie 1/2 de i e ci 2 i g a ea (Lif f a).

Q e i N be . 173. T d ce if , a ae f i be.
O i A. e ica .
O i B. a e ica .
O i C. ei he (a) (b).
C ec A e i . ei he (a) (b).
E a ai . A e ica i g i d ce if if e e ed a a i ab e i i e a g e f a ack.

Q e i N be . 174. If f id f h gh a e ii aid be i c e ib e, he eed f he f i c ea e a

he h a .
O i A. a f a ed c i i a ic e e.
O i B. a f a i c ea e i a ic e e.
O i C. ai ai a c a ef a e.
C ec A e i . ai ai a c a ef a e.
E a ai . C i i ff i ci e.

Q e i N be . 175. Be i' e a i h ha .
O i A. a c a e ci he a e e g f he ai cha ge i h a cha ge i heigh .
O i B. i h a cha ge i eed a c a heigh b h ki e ic a d e ia e e gie cha ge.
O i C. i h a cha ge i e ci a c a heigh he a ic e e i cha ge.
C ec A e i . i h a cha ge i e ci a c a heigh he a ic e e i cha ge.
E a a i . Be i' he e a e ha if e ci i c ea e , he a ic e e dec ea e , a d ice e a.

Q e i N be . 176. Ai f a b- ic eed i ake be.

O i A. i c e ib e.
O i B. c e ib e.
O i C. ei he (a) (b) de e di g a i de.
C ec A e i . i c e ib e.
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 177. The a d ag f a ai c af .
O i A. cha ge i h eed.
O i B. i c ea e i h eed.
O i C. i c ea e i h he a e f eed.
C ec A e i . cha ge i h eed.
E a a i . The g a h f TOTAL d ag agai ai eed i 'U' ha ed. c ca be he c ec a e.

Q e i N be . 178. _______ a g e f a ack i k a i a g e f a ack.

O i A. 5 7 deg ee .
O i B. 3 4 deg ee .

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O i C. 10 12 deg ee .
C ec A e i . 3 4 deg ee .
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 179. I d ced d ag i ________ a .

O i A. e .
O i B. g ea e .
O i C. e a.
C ec A e i . e .
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 180. P fi e d ag i _______ eed.

O i A. e a.
O i B. i e e i a.
O i C. i a.
C ec A e i . i a.
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 181. A h ck a cc a.
O i A. a ge a g e f a ack.
O i B. a a g e f a ack.
O i C. e a b h a ge a d a a g e f a ack.
C ec A e i . a a g e f a ack.
E a a i . A a g ab e i . Sh ck a i d e h ck i d ced e a a i hich ca cc a a a g e f a ack,
b i d be diffic achie e he high eed ece a i h a high a g e f a ack.

Q e i N be . 182. Wha ha e he i g i ag a i i a he AOA i c ea e ?.

O i A. I e d a d de he eadi g edge.
O i B. I e a d e he eadi g edge.
O i C. I e ai cha ged.
C ec A e i . I e d a d de he eadi g edge.
E a ai . I e d a d de he eadi g edge.

Q e i N be . 183. Wha d e he e ' i g a h ' ea ?.

O i A. The de ig f he i g ha gi e he i g i a e a g e f i cide ce.
O i B. The de ig f he i g ha gi e he i g i a ch g ea e a g e f i cide ce.
O i C. The ai f e a d he e d f he i g.
C ec A e i . The de ig f he i g ha gi e he i g i a e a g e f i cide ce.
E a a i . Wi g i i ed ch ha i cide ce i e a he i .

Q e i N be . 184. The i a hich ai f cea e be a i a a d bec e b e i he.

O i A. b da i .
O i B. a ii i .
O i C. e aai i .
C ec A e i . a ii i .
E a ai . a ii i .

Q e i N be . 185. Which f he f i gi e ab P fi e d ag?.

O i A. P fi e d ag = Ski D ag + F D ag.
O i B. P fi e d ag = ki d ag + i d ced d ag.
O i C. P fi e d ag = i d ced d ag + F d ag.
C ec A e i . P fi e d ag = Ski D ag + F D ag.
E a a i . P fi e d ag = Ski D ag + F D ag.

Q e i N be . 186. Which a e e i e?.

O i A. B h I d ced d ag a d fi e d ag i c ea e i h he a e f he ai eed.
O i B. P fi e d ag i c ea e i h he a e f he ai eed.
O i C. I d ced d ag i c ea e i h he a e f he ai eed.
C ec A e i . I d ced d ag i c ea e i h he a e f he ai eed.
E a a i . P fi e d ag i c ea e i h he a e f he ai eed b i d ced d ag dec ea e i h he a e f he
ai eed.

Q e i N be . 187. Which a e e i e?.

O i A. Rec a g a i g a a he fi .
O i B. B h a e ed a d ec a g a i g i a a he i fi .
O i C. Ta e ed i g a a he fi .
C ec A e i . Rec a g a i g a a he fi .
E a a i . Rec a g a i g a a he fi .

Q e i N be . 188. D i gi e ed e e f igh a ai c af acce e ee h .

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O i A. -2g.
O i B. -1g.
O i C. 0g.
C ec A e i . -1g.
E a a i . I e ed ( e e ) f igh i -1g.

Q e i N be . 189. D i g aigh a d e e f igh a ai c af acce e ee h .

O i A. 4g.
O i B. 1g.
O i C. 2g.
C ec A e i . 1g.
E a a i . S aigh a d e e f igh i 1g.

Q e i N be . 190. Which f he f i g i i c ec ab i d ced d ag?.

O i A. I i i c ea e i e e he a e f he ai eed.
O i B. I i dec ea e i i he a e f he ai eed.
O i C. I i i c ea e he he a g e f a ack i ed ced.
C ec A e i . I i i c ea e he he a g e f a ack i ed ced.
E a a i . Which i I c ec .

Q e i N be . 191. Wha d ce he if a eed ?.

O i A. High ca be .
O i B. L a ec a i .
O i C. High a ec a i .
C ec A e i . High a ec a i .
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 192. If he a g e f a ack i e ,b if i d ced, he.

O i A. i gi e ica .
O i B. i g i ca be ed.
O i C. i g ha i i e a g e f i cide ce.
C ec A e i . i g i ca be ed.
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 193. Whe i he a g e f i cide ce he a e a he a g e f a ack?.

O i A. Ne e .
O i B. I de ce .
O i C. Whe e a i e ai f i aa e gi di a a i .
C ec A e i . Whe e a i e ai f i aa e gi di a a i .
E a a i . NIL.

08.3. T F .

Q e i N be . 1. F a a a di g ii .
O i A. dec ea e a di g eed.
O i B. dec ea e ake ff a d a di g eed .
O i C. dec ea e ake ff eed.
C ec A e i . dec ea e a di g eed.
E a a i . A h gh a ai c af i ake- ff i h f a a a di g ii , hi i a.

Q e i N be . 2. A a b ic ai c af eed - , i Ce e f P e e.
O i A. e af .
O i B. e f a d.
O i C. i affec ed.
C ec A e i . e af .
E a ai . A i g ha he ai c af i e ai a c a a i de, i ed ce i a g e f a ack a i eed -
. Thi a e i e he C fP ea a d , i acc da ce i h he b- ic a g e f a ack cha ge he .

Q e i N be . 3. L e i g f he f a .
O i A. i c ea e d ag.
O i B. i c ea e if .
O i C. i c ea e d ag a d if .
C ec A e i . i c ea e d ag a d if .
E a a i . Je e e A+P Tech icia Ge e a Te b k. Page 1-17.

Q e i N be . 4. Wi g ie , he ed a e ica , a e a cia ed i h.
O i A. dde .
O i B. ee a .
O i C. ai e .
C ec A e i . ai e .

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E a ai . Pa e A a ic F igh C 4 h Edi i Page 51. Je e e A&P Tech icia Ai f a e Te b k Page 1-
12.

Q e i N be . 5. Wha d dde a d ?.
O i A. C a a d .
O i B. C i ch a d a .
O i C. C i ch a d .
C ec A e i . C i ch a d a .
E a a i . Je e e A+P Tech icia Ge e a Te b k. Page 1-16 fig 1-36.

Q e i N be . 6. Wha c i ch a d a de a i g ai c af ?.
O i A. Ai e .
O i B. Ee .
O i C. Ee a .
C ec A e i . Ee .
E a a i . Je e e A+P Tech icia Ge e a Te b k. Page 1-17.

Q e i N be . 7. Wha d e a i ab d ?.
O i A. A he C fG be ide he a i i.
O i B. P ide fi e c e e b he i .
O i C. Ea e c adi g f i .
C ec A e i . Ea e c adi g f i .
E a a i . A&P Ge e a Te b k Pg 2-35.

Q e i N be . 8. H d e a ba a ce ab e?.
O i A. I he a e di ec i a a a .
O i B. I he i e di ec i i a he c face i i a ached .
O i C. I he a e di ec i i a he c face i i a ached .
C ec A e i . I he i e di ec i i a he c face i i a ached .
E a a i . A&P Ge e a Te b k Pg 2-36.

Q e i N be . 9. If a ai c af i a i g he ef , he e d ii he i ab he
dde ?.
O i A. T he ce e.
O i B. T he ef .
O i C. T he igh .
C ec A e i . T he ef .
E a ai . A a ic f igh c , Pa e , 4 h Edi i Page 43.

Q e i N be . 10. If a ai c af i f i g i h a ef i g , he e d e he ef ai e i
ab?.
O i A. D .
O i B. U .
O i C. M i g he ai e i ab i c ec he i a i .
C ec A e i . U .
E a ai . A a ic f igh c , Pa e , 4 h Edi i Page 43.

Q e i N be . 11. Whe a eadi g edge f a i f e e ded, ha i he i he i g f ?.

O i A. T e-e e gi e he b da a e .
O i B. T i c ea e he if .
O i C. T a he f a e ac i i he i e ac .
C ec A e i . T e-e e gi e he b da a e .
E a a i . Pa e A a ic F igh C 2 d Edi i Page 50. Je e e A&P Tech icia Ai f a e Te b k Page 1-
32.

Q e i N be . 12. Wi h e ec diffe e ia ai e c , hich f he f i gi e?.

O i A. The g i ga dd g i g ai e b h def ec he a e a g e.
O i B. The g i g Ai e e h gh a a e a g e ha he d g i g ai e .
O i C. The d g i g ai e e h gh a a e a g e ha he g i g ai e .
C ec A e i . The d g i g ai e e h gh a a e a g e ha he g i g ai e .
E a a i . Mecha ic f F igh , Ke de, Page 301. The d g i g ai e e e , ed ce he i d ced d ag
hich ca e ad e e ai e a .

Q e i N be . 13. The ae a e fi i f e ica ae f i ec i a d i he ef e ide a ide-

ad.
O i A. he he dde i ed.
O i B. if a i ab e a g e f a ack de e d e ei he a dde e e .
O i C. if a i ab e a g e f a ack de e d e a .
C ec A e i . if a i ab e a g e f a ack de e d e ei he a dde e e .
E a a i . R dde def ec i a .

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Q e i N be . 14. A ai c af ef i g i f i g . The ai e i e c he ef ai e i ab i
he c ck i d be.
O i A. ed ca i g he ef ai e e .
O i B. ed ca i g he ef ai e ed .
O i C. ed d ca i g he ef ai e ed .
C ec A e i . ed ca i g he ef ai e ed .
E a ai . D ai e e i ed - hich e i e i .

Q e i N be . 15. A ee a ab e d .
O i A. ake he eg d .
O i B. c e ac f he ai c af f i g e hea .
O i C. c e ac f he ai c af f i g ai hea .
C ec A e i . c e ac f he ai c af f i g e hea .
E a a i . Ee a ab DOWN, e e a UP, ai c af e UP.

Q e i N be . 16. The a a gi i c ed b .
O i A. eed b g c .
O i B. EPR i i .
O i C. a g e f a ack a d f a ii .
C ec A e i . a g e f a ack a d f a ii .
E a a i . F igh I e a dA a ic F igh C Page 143/4.

Q e i N be . 17. O he ha ie , he e a e eed b ake ca ed?.

O i A. U de he F e age.
O i B. Ei he ide f he F e age.
O i C. O he i g.
C ec A e i . Ei he ide f he F e age.
E a a i . Refe e ce BAe 146 e c.

Q e i N be . 18. Wi h a ai i g edge f a bei g e ed, d e i i gg , ha i ha e he a g e f

a ack?.
O i A. Te d dec ea e.
O i B. S a he a e.
O i C. Te d i c ea e.
C ec A e i . Te d i c ea e.
E a ai . A i g ha ' i i g g ' ea i ha a e ica c e .

Q e i N be . 19. A de ice ed d d if f a ai c af i .
O i A. eadi g edge f a .
O i B. ai i g edge f a .
O i C. ie.
C ec A e i . ie.
E a a i . S ie a e e i e ca ed ' if d '.

Q e i N be . 20. The e fa i a i gi .
O i A. ide h i g f he a .
O i B. eed he ai f a d i c ea e if .
O i C. ac a e i, acce e a e he ai a d e-e e gi e b da a e .
C ec A e i . ac a e i, acce e a e he ai a d e-e e gi e b da a e .
E a ai . A i ac a e i, acce e a e he ai a d e-e e gi e b da a e .

Q e i N be . 21. La ge f a de e .
O i A. ca e i c ea ed a i ef ad i i g e face.
O i B. ca e i c ea ed a i ef ad i i g e face.
O i C. ha effec a i ef .
C ec A e i . ca e i c ea ed a i ef ad i i g e face.
E a a i . F a i c ea e he e e diffe e ia be ee a db face , i c ea e i ice a d a
i ef .

Q e i N be . 22. Which a f he i g f a e - i g ai c af a fi ?.
O i A. Ti a fi .
O i B. B h a ge he .
O i C. R a fi .
C ec A e i . Ti a fi .
E a a i . The i f a e i g a fi .

Q e i N be . 23. D i g f igh , a ai c af i a i g he igh . The ai c af d ha e a e de c

f .
O i A. igh i g .
O i B. ef i g .

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O i C. e .
C ec A e i . igh i g .
E a a i . The eadi g i g ( ef i g) ha i c ea ed if , ca i g i i e.

Q e i N be . 24. I he e e ed ca be h i a abi i e .
O i A. he e i a i c ea ed ai a e -f ce.
O i B. he e e a ca e ai d e e i.e. i c ea ed ai a e d f ce.
O i C. he e i a i c ea ed ai a e d -f ce.
C ec A e i . he e i a i c ea ed ai a e d -f ce.
E a a i . The e ca be ed face d ce a d -f ce he ai .

Q e i N be . 25. Whe he ai i g edge f a i e e ded.

O i A. CP e ea a d.
O i B. he CP e f adb he CG d e cha ge.
O i C. he CP e f a d a d he i chi g e cha ge e .
C ec A e i . CP e ea a d.
E a a i . CP e ea a d he he f a i e e ded.

Q e i N be . 26. Wi h a d i a bie e ea e, a ai c af e ice cei i g i .

O i A. i e.
O i B. be affec ed.
O i C. e.
C ec A e i . i e.
E a a i . A a bie e ea ed , de i i c ea e a d ai c af ef a ce i c ea e .

Q e i N be . 27. Wha e ffa i hi ?.

O i A. S i fa .
O i B. P ai f a .
O i C. F e fa .
C ec A e i . S i fa .
E a a i . S i fa .

Q e i N be . 28. Se ab .
O i A. e ab e he i b i g he c face back e a.
O i B. ei ch a a a he e he c face.
O i C. ide a ificia fee .
C ec A e i . ei ch a a a he e he c face.
E a a i . A&P Tech icia Ai f a e Te b k Pg.1-29.

Q e i N be . 29. S i g Tab .
O i A. ide a ificia fee .
O i B. e ab e he i b i g he c face back e a.
O i C. ei ch a a a he e he c face.
C ec A e i . ei ch a a a he e he c face.
E a a i . A&P Tech icia Ai f a e Te b k Pg.1-29.

Q e i N be . 30. E e di g a eadi g edge a i ha e ha effec he a g e f a ack f a

i g?.
O i A. I c ea e he a g e f a ack.
O i B. Dec ea e he a g e f a ack.
O i C. N effec a g e f a ack.
C ec A e i . Dec ea e he a g e f a ack.
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 31. T e e ha a i g a a he fi , a edge a e.
O i A. i a ed he i g eadi g edge a he i g .
O i B. i a ed he i g eadi g edge a he i g i .
O i C. i a ed a he i g ai i g edge a he i g .
C ec A e i . i a ed he i g eadi g edge a he i g .
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 32. K ege f a ake a f he.

O i A. i g e face eadi g edge.
O i B. i g e face ai i g edge.
O i C. i g e face eadi g edge.
C ec A e i . i g e face eadi g edge.
E a a i . Je e e A&P Tech icia Ai f a e Te b k 1-37. A a ic F igh C Pa e Page 53 fig 1.37 (N e :
e face he e ac ed, e face he e e ded.).

Q e i N be . 33. I a , i g ie a be de ed.

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O i A. a i he g i g ai e .
O i B. i i i h b h he g i ga dd g i g ai e .
O i C. ac a a ai b ake, i e ac i g i h he ai e .
C ec A e i . a i he g i g ai e .
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 34. D ch ei e e i .
O i A. a a d i ch.
O i B. a a d .
O i C. i ch a d .
C ec A e i . a a d .
E a a i . A i ic F da e a Je e e age 291.

Q e i N be . 35. Wha i he ai e f a f i e ai e ?.
O i A. I c ea e d ag he g i g i g.
O i B. Dec ea e d ag he g i g i g.
O i C. He i e c e ae d a ic ad .
C ec A e i . Dec ea e d ag he g i g i g.
E a a i . The F i e ai e i c ea e d ag he -g i g ai e , hich i he d g i g i g. A d Vi e e a
he he ai e .

Q e i N be . 36. Fa a e ca e he ai c af .
O i A. ed .
O i B. g e i gd .
O i C. e .
C ec A e i . g e i gd .
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 37. If a ai c af e i a , ha a i i i i g ab ?.
O i A. L gi di a .
O i B. La e a .
O i C. N a.
C ec A e i . N a.
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 38. If a ai c af i ae d a ica ab e.
O i A. ai c af e i ed a i de.
O i B. C fP e back.
O i C. ai c af bec e e i i e.
C ec A e i . ai c af e i ed a i de.
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 39. Wha a e g d ie ed f ?.
O i A. T a i he ai c af c i g a .
O i B. T he ai c af .
O i C. T d if .
C ec A e i . T d if .
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 40. Ma ba a ce eigh a e ed .
O i A. ba a ce he ai i g edge f f i g c face .
O i B. c e ac f e c face .
O i C. ba a ce he ab .
C ec A e i . c e ac f e c face .
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 41. Wha i a ed f ?.
O i A. I c ea ed a g e f a ack d i g a ach.
O i B. I c ea e he eed f he ai f .
O i C. T ei f ce he b da a e .
C ec A e i . T ei f ce he b da a e .
E a ai . A a ic F igh C Pa e Page 53.

Q e i N be . 42. A g e f A ack i he a g e be ee c d i e a d.
O i A. h i a a i .
O i B. e a i e ai f .
O i C. i a h a e.
C ec A e i . e a i e ai f .
E a ai . A a ic F igh C Pa e Page 3.

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Q e i N be . 43. A high if de ice i ed f .
O i A. ake- ff .
O i B. ake- ff a d a di g.
O i C. a di g .
C ec A e i . ake- ff a d a di g.
E a ai . A a ic F igh C Pa e Page 50.

Q e i N be . 44. H i a ie i e c ec ed he f igh c e ?.
O i A. S ie ee a .
O i B. S ie ai e .
O i C. S ie fa .
C ec A e i . S ie ai e .
E a ai . A a ic F igh C Pa e Page 54.

Q e i N be . 45. Wha i ai e d ?.
O i A. The d f ai e ih h d a ic .
O i B. The eadi g edge f b h ai e e e ed he ai f .
O i C. O e ai e e ed.
C ec A e i . The d f ai e ih h d a ic .
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 46. Ea h a he e i .
O i A. 3/5 ge , 2/5 i ge .
O i B. 4/5 ge , 1/5 i ge .
O i C. 1/5 ge , 4/5 i ge .
C ec A e i . 1/5 ge , 4/5 i ge .
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 47. A a i-ba a ce ab i ed.

O i A. e ie e ick ad .
O i B. f i i g he ai c af .
O i C. gi e e fee he c .
C ec A e i . gi e e fee he c .
E a a i . Je e e A&P Tech icia Ai f a e Te b k 1-29.

Q e i N be . 48. The fi he gi e.
O i A. di ec i a abi i ab he a a i .
O i B. di ec i a abi i ab he gi di a a i .
O i C. gi di a abi i ab he a a i .
C ec A e i . di ec i a abi i ab he a a i .
E a a i . Je e e A&P Tech icia Ai f a e Te b k 1-22.

Q e i N be . 49. If a ai c af e i ,i i i g ab he.
O i A. gi di a a i .
O i B. a a i .
O i C. aea a i .
C ec A e i . gi di a a i .
E a a i . Mecha ic f f igh b A.C. Ke de age 241.

Q e i N be . 50. Wha effec d e e i g he f a f ake- ff ha e?.

O i A. I c ea e if & ed ce d ag.
O i B. I c ea e if a d d ag.
O i C. I c ea e if .
C ec A e i . I c ea e if a d d ag.
E a a i . A i ic F da e a . Je e e Page 244.

Q e i N be . 51. Wha effec d e e i gfa f ake ff ha e?.

O i A. Red ce ake ff eed .
O i B. Red ce a di g eed .
O i C. Red ce ake ff a d a di g eed .
C ec A e i . Red ce ake ff eed .
E a a i . A i ic F da e a . Je e e Page 244.

Q e i N be . 52. Whe he f a a e e ed.

O i A. he if ec e ea a d.
O i B. he e i effec he if ec .
O i C. he if ec e f a d.
C ec A e i . he if ec e ea a d.
E a ai . A a ic F igh C , Pa e Page 51.

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Q e i N be . 53. A ake- ff, if he f a a e e ed he e i a.
O i A. a ge i c ea e i if a d d ag.
O i B. a ge i c ea e i if a d a i c ea e i d ag.
O i C. a i c ea e i if a d d ag.
C ec A e i . a ge i c ea e i if a d d ag.
E a a i . A i ic F da e a . Je e e Page 244.

Q e i N be . 54. Wi g i e be ed.
O i A. a i he e ec i e d g i g ai e i a .
O i B. a g d ie a di g.
O i C. a i he e e a .
C ec A e i . a g d ie a di g.
E a ai . A a ic F igh C . Pa e age 55. A&P Tech icia Ai f a e Te b k b Je e e . 1-14.

Q e i N be . 55. Diffe e ia ai e c i .
O i A. ca e a ed e .
O i B. e e a i gi c j ci i h dde i .
O i C. ca e a e e .
C ec A e i . e e a i gi c j c i i h dde i .
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 56. D ch R affec .
O i A. i ch a d a i a e .
O i B. a a d i a e .
O i C. i ch a d i a e .
C ec A e i . a a d i a e .
E a ai . A a ic F igh C . Pa e age 26.

Q e i N be . 57. Which f he f i gae i a c face ?.

O i A. Ee a , ai e , dde .
O i B. R ie ,ee a , ab .
O i C. Ee a , i e , ab .
C ec A e i . Ee a , ai e , dde .
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 58. A i fa .
O i A. f a f he ai i g edge' e face he e ac ed.
O i B. f a f he eadi g edge' e face he e ac ed.
O i C. f a f he ai i g edge' e face he e ac ed.
C ec A e i . f a f he ai i g edge' e face he e ac ed.
E a a i . Je e e A&P Ai f a e Tech icia Te b k Page1-30 /31.

Q e i N be . 59. A a i- e ab.
O i A. a i he i e he c back e a.
O i B. e i he i e di ec i he c face a i he i .
O i C. e i he a e di ec i a he c face a i he i .
C ec A e i . a i he i e he c back e a.
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 60. Sa .
O i A. kee he b da a e f e aa i gf ge .
O i B. i c ea e he e a face a ea a d if effec f i g.
O i C. ac a a ai b ake.
C ec A e i . kee he b da a e f e aa i gf ge .
E a a i . Je e e A & P ech icia ai f a e e b k age 1-32.

Q e i N be . 61. D e he cha ge f if f ce e i gf he e e i ffa i f igh .

O i A. e h d be e ed, ed ci g AOA.
O i B. e h d be ai ed, i c ea i g AOA.
O i C. e h d e ai i he a e i i , ai ai i g a e AOA.
C ec A e i . e h d be e ed, ed ci g AOA.
E a a i . The ai e ffa i i c ea e if ha he i ca e he e, i c ea e dece a gea d
ge a be e ie f he a.

Q e i N be . 62. F igh ie .
O i A. ca be de ed he d g i g i gi a i c ea e if ha i g.
O i B. ca be ed dec ea e if a c ed dece ih ed c i f ai eed.
O i C. ca be ed i h diffe e ia ai e ed ce ad e e a i a .
C ec A e i . ca be ed dec ea e if a c ed dece ih ed c i f ai eed.
E a a i . NIL.

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Q e i N be . 63. If he ai c af i f i g e hea , hich di ec i d e he e e a i

ab?.
O i A. U eee a d .
O i B. U eee a .
O i C. D eee a .
C ec A e i . D eee a .
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 64. Wi g i ice a e ge he .
O i A. f i g high eed aigh a d e e f igh .
O i B. f i gi a head i d.
O i C. f i g a high a g e f a ack.
C ec A e i . f i g a high a g e f a ack.
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 65. Ae d a ic ba a ce.
O i A. i ed ce ae d a ic adi g.
O i B. i ca e CP ef a d f hi ge a d ca e e ba a ce.
O i C. i ca e CP e a d he ai i g edge a d ca e i abi i .
C ec A e i . i ed ce ae d a ic adi g.
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 66. A ba a ce ab.
O i A. effec i e i c ea e he a ea f he c face.
O i B. a i he i e he c .
O i C. i ed i he a ia e a i f he ai c af .
C ec A e i . a i he i e he c .
E a a i . Je e e A & P Tech icia Te b k g 1-29.

Q e i N be . 67. Ee c bi e he f c i f b h.
O i A. dde a d e e a .
O i B. ee a a d ai e .
O i C. dde a d ai e .
C ec A e i . ee a a d ai e .
E a a i . Je e e A&P Tech icia Ai f a e Te b k Page 1-16 Fig 1-36.

Q e i N be . 68. F e ca be ed ced b i g.
O i A. ah ba a ce.
O i B. a ba a ci g.
O i C. e ab .
C ec A e i . a ba a ci g.
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 69. A ee a ide c ab he.

O i A. gi di a a i .
O i B. aea a i .
O i C. h i a abi i e .
C ec A e i . aea a i .
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 70. The b a d ai e e a ge ai c af .
O i A. aei a ed a high eed .
O i B. aei a ed i e e ii i .
O i C. aei a ed a eed .
C ec A e i . aei a ed a high eed .
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 71. Which i g i c ea e d ag he he ai e ae ed?.

O i A. B h i g i c ea e d ag b he i g ih he -g i g ai e i c ea e e.
O i B. B h i g ha e a e a i c ea e i d ag.
O i C. B h i g i c ea e d ag b he i g ih he d -g i g ai e i c ea e e.
C ec A e i . B h i g i c ea e d ag b he i g i h he d -g i g ai e i c ea e e.
E a a i . Je e e A & P Tech icia Ai f a e Te b k age 1-26.

Q e i N be . 72. Which f a i i c ea e i g a ea a d ca be ?.
O i A. S .
O i B. S i.
O i C. F e.
C ec A e i . F e.
E a a i . Je e e A&P Tech icia Ai f a e Te b k Page 20.

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Q e i N be . 73. Wi g adi g f a ai c af .
O i A. a ie i h d a ic adi g d e ai c e .
O i B. i i de e de f a i de.
O i C. dec ea e i h de i .
C ec A e i . i i de e de f a i de.
E a a i . Wi g adi g = ai c af eigh / i g a ea.

Q e i N be . 74. A a a ic a i if b i e f he he a g e f a ack i .
O i A. high.
O i B. high .
O i C. .
C ec A e i . high.
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 75. O ai c af fi ed i h ie f aea c , he igh i ca ed b .

O i A. ef i e e e di g, igh i e e ai i g e ac ed.
O i B. igh i e e e di g, ef i e e ai i g e ac ed.
O i C. ef a d igh i e e e di g.
C ec A e i . igh i e e e di g, ef ie e ai i g e ac ed.
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 76. A i f a i c ea e if b i c ea i g.
O i A. he a g e f a ach e f he e hi ged i .
O i B. he face a ea.
O i C. he ca be f he face.
C ec A e i . he a g e f a ach e f he e hi ged i .
E a a i . Je e e A & P Tech icia Ai f a e Te b k age 1-30.

Q e i N be . 77. Whe he ai i g edge f a ae e ed, he ai c af i .

O i A. i ch e .
O i B. i ch ed .
O i C. i k.
C ec A e i . i ch ed .
E a ai . D e he ce e f e e i g.

Q e i N be . 78. I ai e c .
O i A. he g i g ai e e f he ha d g i g ai e .
O i B. he d g i g ai e e f he ha g i g ai e .
O i C. i i a i ed b he dde .
C ec A e i . he g i g ai e e f he ha d g i g ai e .
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 79. The ai c af i c ed ab he a e a a i b he.

O i A. ai e .
O i B. ee a .
O i C. dde .
C ec A e i . ee a .
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 80. The ai c af i c ed ab he a a i b he.

O i A. ai e .
O i B. ee a .
O i C. dde .
C ec A e i . dde .
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 81. D ch i .
O i A. a c bi ed a i g a d i g i .
O i B. i a i a i chi g i abi i .
O i C. a e f .
C ec A e i . a c bi ed a i g a d i g i .
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 82. The ai c af i c ed ab he gi di a a i b he.

O i A. ai e .
O i B. ee a .
O i C. dde .
C ec A e i . ai e .
E a a i . NIL.

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Q e i N be . 83. R dde a he ed, i e.

O i A. ie each he .
O i B. ge he .
O i C. ei he i e each he ge he , de e di g he e ec i .
C ec A e i . ei he i e each he ge he , de e di g he e ec i
E a a i . Je e e A&P Tech icia Ai f a e Te b k Page 16.

Q e i N be . 84. A a c e e ce f he C f G bei g c e i af i i .
O i A. he ick f ce i be high i f e a d af i ch, d e he high gi di a abi i .
O i B. he ick f ce a e e gi di a i be d e he abi i .
O i C. he ick f ce he i chi g he ed i be e high.
C ec A e i . he ick f ce he i chi g he ed i be e high.
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 85. Wha i he e ed f he a f ae i he a he e?.

O i A. Re a i e h idi .
O i B. Ab e h idi .
O i C. De i .
C ec A e i . Ab e h idi .
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 86. A a i-ba a ce ab i ed.

O i A. ia a fi ed i kage.
O i B. h d a ica .
O i C. he he C.G. cha ge .
C ec A e i . ia a fi ed i kage.
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 87. A e ab i e a ed.
O i A. di ec b he i d ce f ce hich i e he ai c face .
O i B. a a ica , a d e i he a e di ec i a he ai c face .
O i C. b a i hee a d e i he i e di ec i he ai c face he ed.
C ec A e i . di ec b he i d ce f ce hich i e he ai c face .
E a a i . Je e e A&P Tech icia Ai f a e Te b k Page 23.

Q e i N be . 88. O a ai c af i h a a - i g ai a e, i ch i ca ed b .
O i A. dec ea i g ai a e i cide ce.
O i B. e e f he e e a i ab.
O i C. i c ea i g ai a e i cide ce.
C ec A e i . dec ea i g ai a e i cide ce.
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 89. Whe checki g f a ge f c face e e , he be ii ed

b.
O i A. i g he b ha d di ec i agai he i a .
O i B. i g he b ha d di ec i agai he ec da .
O i C. e a i g he c cabi c i he e i agai he i a .
C ec A e i . e a i g he c cabi c i he e i agai he i a .
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 90. A e ce f ae d a ic ba a ce d e he c face ce e f
e e.
O i A. ea a d , e i gi ch a i a ce.
O i B. ea a d , e i gi f a i a ce.
O i C. f ad , e i gi a ab e e ba a ce.
C ec A e i . f ad , e i gi a ab e e ba a ce.
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 91. Af i gc a ba a ce eigh .
O i A. kee he c face C f G a c e he ai i g edge a ib e.
O i B. e d e he c face C f G c e he hi ge i e.
O i C. e e ha he C f G a a ac aid he i h e ie i g c c ad.
C ec A e i . e d e he c face C f G c e he hi ge i e.
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 92. The e ffa hich e e d ea ad he e ed i ca ed a.

O i A. ai f a .
O i B. i fa .
O i C. F e fa .

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C ec A e i . F e fa .
E a ai . NIL.

Q e i N be . 93. Which f he f i g ai i g edge f a gi e a i c ea e i i g a ea?.

O i A. S i fa .
O i B. F e fa .
O i C. S ed f a .
C ec A e i . F e fa .
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 94. Which f he f i gi a i a f i gc ?.
O i A. Ee a .
O i B. Tai a e.
O i C. R dde .
C ec A e i . Tai a e.
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 95. A eadi g edge a i a de ice f .

O i A. i c ea i g he a i g a g e f he i g.
O i B. dec ea i g he a i g a g e f he i g.
O i C. dec ea i g i g d ag.
C ec A e i . i c ea i g he a i g a g e f he i g.
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 96. A K ege f a i .
O i A. afa hich e e d ea a d b d e e.
O i B. a eadi g edge f a hich hi ge f a d.
O i C. a eadi g edge a hich e e d f a d.
C ec A e i . a eadi g edge f a hich hi ge f a d.
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 97. A ab hich a i he i eaf i gc b i ga a ica i he ie

di ec i he c face i ca ed a.
O i A. e ab.
O i B. gea ed ba a ce ab.
O i C. i ab.
C ec A e i . gea ed ba a ce ab.
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 98. Wha i a ached he ea f he e ica abi i e ?.

O i A. Ee a .
O i B. Ai e .
O i C. R dde .
C ec A e i . R dde .
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 99. Wha i fi ed he ai c af e ab e he i ed ce hi eed a id i e e f

e ee b e ce, eed e di g i e ab e he Ne e E ceed Li i ?.
O i A. Lif d e .
O i B. Ai b ake .
O i C. Whee b ake .
C ec A e i . Ai b ake .
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 100. Whe ie ae ed a e ica , he c bi e i h.

O i A. ai e .
O i B. dde .
O i C. ee a .
C ec A e i . ai e .
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 101. "Wha i ed c ec a e de c f he ai c af e
ad a de i ab e f igh a i de?."
O i A. Ti ab .
O i B. S i g ab .
O i C. Ba a ce ab .
C ec A e i . Ti ab .
E a a i . NIL.

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Q e i N be . 102. The a e f ai e he face f a ae f i hich i e i g, i ea i he e
f he ai f , i k a .
O i A. e f he ab e a e c ec .
O i B. ca be a e .
O i C. b da a e .
C ec A e i . b da a e .
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 103. Ac face hich f a he de ed i ca ed a.

O i A. a.
O i B. .
O i C. fa .
C ec A e i . a.
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 104. A e ic f a i ca e.
O i A. he ai c af de ce d.
O i B. he ai c af a ce d.
O i C. e i g i e.
C ec A e i . e i g i e.
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 105. Whe ai f e ci e a e ca be ed face f a ae f i dec ea e , ha ake

ace?.
O i A. Pe e dec ea e , if i c ea e .
O i B. Pe e i c ea e , if dec ea e .
O i C. Pe e i c ea e , if i c ea e .
C ec A e i . Pe ei c ea e , if dec ea e .
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 106. Wha i a c i g fac f b e ce a d ki f ic i ?.

O i A. C e k i e ed ki e e i .
O i B. A ec a i .
O i C. Fi e e ai .
C ec A e i . C e k i e ed ki e e i .
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 107. Cha ge i ai c af eigh .

O i A. ca e c e di g cha ge i a d ag d e he a cia ed if cha ge.
O i B. i affec a d ag i ce i i de e da eed.
O i C. i affec a d ag if he if i ke c a .
C ec A e i . ca e c e di g cha ge i a d ag d e he a cia ed if cha ge.
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 108. Whe a ai c af a .
O i A. if i c ea e a d d ag dec ea e .
O i B. if a d d ag i c ea e.
O i C. if dec ea e a d d ag i c ea e .
C ec A e i . if dec ea e a d d ag i c ea e .
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 109. S ie a e a e ii ed ha he de ed.
O i A. i cc .
O i B. i ch i i affec ed.
O i C. a ake ace.
C ec A e i . i ch i i affec ed.
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 110. The ai c af a i g eed i .

O i A. cha ge if he MTWA e e cha ged.
O i B. be affec ed b ai c af eigh cha ge i ce i i de e da he a g e f a ack.
O i C. i c ea e i h a i c ea e i eigh .
C ec A e i . i c ea e i h a i c ea e i eigh .
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 111. I a ba k a d .
O i A. e a if i e i ed if h i i c ea ed.
O i B. e a if i e i ed.
O i C. e a if i e i ed.
C ec A e i . e a if i e i ed.
E a a i . NIL.

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Q e i N be . 112. The e h d e ed a ba a ce c face i .

O i A. fi bia i he ai i g edge f he face .
O i B. a ach eigh f a d f he hi ge i e.
O i C. a he eadi g edge f he face jec i he ai f .
C ec A e i . a ach eigh f a d f he hi ge i e.
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 113. C face f e a be ca ed b .
O i A. e ce i e a i i ab a ach e .
O i B. high a ic f ic i i i ab c ab .
O i C. i c ec a g a e e f i ab .
C ec A e i . e ce i e a i i ab a ach e .
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 114. A diffe e ia ai e c e e i .
O i A. ai e d ag bei g ed ced he i e i g i a .
O i B. ai e d ag bei g ed ced he e i gi a .
O i C. ai e d ag bei g c e a ed b a dde e e .
C ec A e i . ai e d ag bei g ed ced he e i gi a .
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 115. The i a f c i fafa i .

O i A. i he ai c af gi di a .
O i B. a e he ii f he ce e f g a i .
O i C. a e he if f a ae f i .
C ec A e i . a e he if f a ae f i .
E a a i . Je e e A & P Tech icia Ai f a e Te b k age 1-30.

Q e i N be . 116. The a g e f a ack a hich a cc .

O i A. ca be a ied b i gfa a d a .
O i B. de e d he eigh f he ai c af .
O i C. ca be a ied, i i a a c a .
C ec A e i . ca be a ied b i gfa a d a .
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 117. The a i g eed f a ai c af .

O i A. i i c ea ed he i i hea ie .
O i B. d e cha ge.
O i C. i i c ea ed he i i igh e .
C ec A e i . i i c ea ed he i i hea ie .
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 118. A i gfa hich ha d ed a ia e e ded e i g i f igh i ead

.
O i A. a fi ed ba ked a i de hich d be c ec ed b e f he dde .
O i B. a i chi g e hich d be c ec ed b ed f he e e a .
O i C. a ead i g e de c hich d be c ec ed b e f he ai e .
C ec A e i . a ead i g e de c hich d be c ec ed b e f he ai e .
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 119. Wi h a i c ea e i he a f f a de e , he a i ga ge fa i g.
O i A. e ai he a e.
O i B. i c ea e .
O i C. dec ea e .
C ec A e i . dec ea e .
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 120. Ae d a ic ba a ce f a c face a be achie ed.

O i A. b ah a he e e i f he face f a d f he hi ge i e.
O i B. b eigh added he c face af f he hi ge i e.
O i C. b a i i g i a he ai i g edge f he face.
C ec A e i . b ah a he e e i f he face f a d f he hi ge i e.
E a a i . Je e e A&P Tech icia Ai f a e Te b k Page 24 Pa a 7.

Q e i N be . 121. Ac face i ided i h ae d a ic ba a ci g .

O i A. a i he i i i g he c .
O i B. i c ea e abi i .
O i C. dec ea e he d ag he he c i def ec ed.
C ec A e i . a i he i i i g he c .

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E a ai . Je e e A&P Tech icia Ai f a e Te b k Page 24 Pa a 7.

Q e i N be . 122. D a d di ace e f a ai e .
O i A. i c ea e he a g e a hich i i g a .
O i B. dec ea e he a g e a hich i i g i a .
O i C. ha effec i i g a i g a g e, i affec he a i g eed ha i g.
C ec A e i . dec ea e he a g e a hich i i g i a .
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 123. D e he ai a e a g e f a ack cha ge, he f a -i d ced d a h he

ai a e.
O i A. i e d ca e a ai c af e- i ch.
O i B. " a ca e a e-d e- i ch de e di g he i i ia ai a e ad
."
O i C. i e d ca e a ai c af ed i ch.
C ec A e i . i e d ca e a ai c af e- i ch.
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 124. D e he cha ge i if c efficie acc a i ge e i f he f a , ai ai he if

c a i d be ece a .
O i A. ai e he e.
O i B. e he e.
O i C. kee he i ch a i de c a .
C ec A e i . e he e.
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 125. The e e i he dde ( haded i h he diag a ), i ided

.
O i A. ake he i a a e f he ae d a ic f ce e c e ed he i g he c .
O i B. ide ae d a ic a i a ce f he i he i g he dde .
O i C. e e c face f e.
C ec A e i . ide ae d a ic a i a ce f he i he i g he dde .
E a a i . Je e e A&P Tech icia Ai f a e Te b k Page 25 Pa a 7.

Q e i N be . 126. A diffe e ia ai e c i e hich gi e .

O i A. he d -g i g ai e e a e ha he -g i g e.
O i B. e a ai e a e i each di ec i , b a iab e f ick e e .
O i C. a a ge ai e a e ha d .
C ec A e i . a a ge ai e a e ha d .
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 127. Which eadi g edge de ice i e he a i a f e he i g?.

O i A. Fa a d a .
O i B. Sa .
O i C. Fa .
C ec A e i . Sa .
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 128. The ba a ce ab i a a i ia face fi ed a ai c face.

O i A. ea i ga a ica a i he i i i g he c .
O i B. e a ed i de e de a hich i i he e g h f cab e he e i e e i a ied.
O i C. ea i ga a ica ide fee he c .
C ec A e i . ea i ga a ica a i he i i i g he c .
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 129. Ae d a ic ba a ci g f f igh c i achie ed b .

O i A. aci g a eigh ahead f he hi ge i .
O i B. aci g a eigh i he eadi g edge f he c face.
O i C. idi g a i f he c face ahead f he hi ge i .
C ec A e i . idi g a i f he c face ahead f he hi ge i .
E a a i . AL/3-24 a a 4.2.

Q e i N be . 130. Ae d a ic ba a ce i ed .
O i A. ed ce he c ad e .
O i B. ake he f i g c ea ie e.
O i C. e e f e f he f i g c .
C ec A e i . ake he f i g c ea ie e.
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 131. Ah ba a ce i .

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O i A. a d jec i g f adf he c face i h a eigh he e d.
O i B. a d jec i g adf he ai c face hich he c cab e a e a ached.
O i C. a jec i f he e edge f he c face f a d f he hi ge i e.
C ec A e i . a jec i f he e edge f he c face f a d f he hi ge i e.
E a a i . Je e e A&P Tech icia Ai f a e Te b k Page 16.

Q e i N be . 132. Ac face i a ba a ced b .

O i A. he a ach e f eigh ac i g he hi ge i e.
O i B. fi i g a ba a ce ab.
O i C. he a ach e f eigh ac i g f a d f he hi ge i e.
C ec A e i . he a ach e f eigh ac i g f a d f he hi ge i e.
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 133. The e f a i-ba a ce ab i .

O i A. e ie e ick ad .
O i B. i he ai c af .
O i C. gi e e fee he c c .
C ec A e i . gi e e fee he c c .
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 134. Y ha e adj ed he e e a i ab c ec f e hea . Wha a he di ec i f

a e f he i ab?.
O i A. The e e a i ab ha ed d .
O i B. The e e a i ab ha ed .
O i C. The ee a ab ha ed a d ab ad ed d .
C ec A e i . The e e a i ab ha ed d .
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 135. The a ee i a ab .
O i A. 18,000 f .
O i B. 30,000 f .
O i C. 36,000 f .
C ec A e i . 36,000 f .
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 136. I d ced d ag c e cha ac e i ic fa e de de a i gae ch ha he e i .

O i A. a i c ea e i g adie i h i g eed.
O i B. cha ge i g adie i h i g eed.
O i C. dec ea e i g adie i h i g eed.
C ec A e i . dec ea e i g adie i h i g eed.
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 137. If a ai c af i a i g ef , he i ab he dde d be ii ed.

O i A. he igh , i g he dde ef .
O i B. he ce e.
O i C. he ef , i g he dde igh .
C ec A e i . he ef , i g he dde igh .
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 138. I abi i gi i g a d a .
O i A. i d ch .
O i B. i gi di a abi i .
O i C. i a e a abi i .
C ec A e i . i d ch .
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 139. V e ge e a a e fi ed .
O i A. e a ii i ea a d .
O i B. e a ii i f ad .
O i C. ad a ce he e f f e aai .
C ec A e i . e a ii i f ad .
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 140. Leadi g edge f a .

O i A. i c ea e a i g a g e f he i g.
O i B. dec ea e a i g a g e f he i g.
O i C. d cha ge he a i g a g e.
C ec A e i . i c ea e a i g a g e f he i g.
E a a i . NIL.

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Q e i N be . 141. K ege f a a e .
O i A. he eadi g edge.
O i B. ei he he eadi g ai i g edge.
O i C. he ai i g edge.
C ec A e i . he eadi g edge.
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 142. S ee back i .
O i A. dec ea e a e a abi i .
O i B. affec a e a abi i .
O i C. i c ea e a e a abi i .
C ec A e i . i c ea e a e a abi i .
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 143. A ai f a .
O i A. d e i c ea e he i g a ea de e .
O i B. i a ached he eadi g edge f he i g.
O i C. f a f e ai i g edge.
C ec A e i . d e i c ea e he i g a ea de e .
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 144. A i f a , he de ed.
O i A. i ed high eed ai c af .
O i B. i c ea e if i h ac e di g i c ea e i d ag.
O i C. i c ea e d ag i h i e if c efficie i c ea e, f i e edia e f d .
C ec A e i . i c ea e d ag i h i e if c efficie i c ea e, f i e edia e f d .
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 145. Af i gc a ba a ce eigh .
O i A. kee he c face C f G a c e he ai i g edge a ib e.
O i B. e d e he c face C f G c e he hi ge i e.
O i C. e d e he c face C f G f a d f he hi ge i e.
C ec A e i . e d e he c face C f G c e he hi ge i e.
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 146. A ee a c he ai c af i i .
O i A. a .
O i B. .
O i C. i ch.
C ec A e i . i ch.
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 147. Ai ab e Mach 0.7 i .

O i A. c e ib e he ab e he eed f d.
O i B. i c e ib e.
O i C. c e ib e.
C ec A e i . c e ib e.
E a a i . Ai c af F igh Ba a d a d Phi , Sec d Edi i Page123. Mecha ic f F igh AC Ke de 10 h Edi i
Page 385.

Q e i N be . 148. S e ic ai a i g h gh a di e ge d c ca e he.
O i A. e e i c ea e, e ci i c ea e.
O i B. e e i c ea e, e ci dec ea e.
O i C. e e dec ea e, e ci i c ea e.
C ec A e i . e e dec ea e, e ci i c ea e.
E a a i . Mecha ic f F igh AC Ke de 10 h Edi i Page 340.

Q e i N be . 149. A ai c af f i g be he a e de ce d a a c a T e Ai eed. I Mach. N .

i .
O i A. cha ge.
O i B. dec ea e.
O i C. i c ea e.
C ec A e i . dec ea e.
E a a i . S eed f d INCREASES i h DECREASING a i de, ach be i dec ea e.

Q e i N be . 150. A ed cha ge f i ( ck- de ) cc d e h ck i d ced.

O i A. i a a de a i g ai c af .
O i B. a a de a i g ai c af .
O i C. i a a aigh i g ai c af .
C ec A e i . a a de a i g ai c af .
E a a i . Pa e A a ic F igh C 2 d Edi i Page 45.

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Q e i N be . 151. A e ica ae f i i acce e a i g h gh Mach 1 i h a a g e f a ack f 0 . A h ck

a e i f .
O i A. he e a d e face a d i e af i he i f a i ca be .
O i B. he e a d e face a d i e af .
O i C. he e face a d e af .
C ec A e i . he e a d e face a d i e af .
E a a i . Sh ck a e f e a d e face BEGINNING a i f a c a e, g ad a i g
back.

Q e i N be . 152. Sh ck a .
O i A. cc a high eed .
O i B. i afa d a a d cc a high eed .
O i C. cc a eed .
C ec A e i . cc a high eed .
E a a i . Sh ck a ( h ck i d ced a ) i ca ed b he f ai f h ck a e i he a ic eed
a ge.

Q e i N be . 153. A a ach e ic eed.

O i A. h i ed ced.
O i B. a d ag i i c ea ed.
O i C. if i ed ced.
C ec A e i . a d ag i i c ea ed.
E a a i . A addi i a d ag - a e d ag - i added he a d ag.

Q e i N be . 154. Mach i i e ai c af a i .
O i A. a e a abi i .
O i B. e ica abi i .
O i C. gi di a abi i .
C ec A e i . gi di a abi i .
E a a i . Mach i i ed c ec he gi di a i e d i g he a ic eed a ge.

Q e i N be . 155. Bef e a ai c af eache c i ica ach.

O i A. he e i che beca e he CP e F a d.
O i B. he ai c af b ffe beca e he CP e he h ck a e.
O i C. he e i che d beca e he CP e ea .
C ec A e i . he e i che d beca e he CP e ea .
E a a i . Mecha ic f F igh 10 h edi i Ba a d a d Phi Pg 341.

Q e i N be . 156. O a a da d da , a hich a i de i he eed f d be he g ea e ?.

O i A. 20,000 f .
O i B. 10,000 f .
O i C. Sea e e .
C ec A e i . Sea e e .
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 157. Which f he f i g i i c ea e he C i ica Mach N be f a ae f i ?.

O i A. U i g a hi ai f i a d ee i g he i g back.
O i B. Dec ea i g he fi e e a i f he i g .
O i C. I c ea i g he a ec a i f he i g .
C ec A e i . U i g a hi ai f i a d ee i g he i g back.
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 158. A a ai c af acce e a e h gh he a ic egi , he ce e f e e e d

.
O i A. i a h ck a e.
O i B. e ea a d.
O i C. ef a d.
C ec A e i . e ea a d.
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 159. S e ic ai g i g h gh a i ci ie h ck a e i dec ea e i eed a d.

O i A. dec ea e e e a e a d i c ea e de i .
O i B. i c ea e e e a e a d dec ea e de i .
O i C. i c ea e e e a e a d i c ea e de i .
C ec A e i . i c ea e e e a e a d i c ea e de i .
E a a i . Mecha ic f F igh AC Ke de 10 h Edi i Page 326 fig 11.4.

Q e i N be . 160. A i c ea e i ach be i ca e he.

O i A. C fP e ea a d gi i g ed a h he ai a e.

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O i B. C fP ef a d gi i g e d a h he ai a e.
O i C. C fP e ea a d gi i g e d a h he ai a e.
C ec A e i . C fP e ea a d gi i g e d a h he ai a e.
E a ai . A a ic F igh C , Pa e . Page 50.

Q e i N be . 161. A eed ab e Mach 1, h ck a e i f ab e a d be he i g.

O i A. a he ai i g edge.
O i B. a b h he eadi g edge a d he ai i g edge.
O i C. a he eadi g edge.
C ec A e i . a b h he eadi g edge a d he ai i g edge.
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 162. Ab e he c i ica ach be , he d ag c efficie .

O i A. i c ea e .
O i B. e ai he a e.
O i C. dec ea e .
C ec A e i . i c ea e .
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 163. Mach i c e .
O i A. gi di a i abi i .
O i B. e ica i abi i .
O i C. a e a i abi i .
C ec A e i . gi di a i abi i .
E a ai . A a ic F igh C Pa e age 231 a d 50.

Q e i N be . 164. A high Mach N be ab e Mach 2.2, e ai c af ea .

O i A. ch a a i i , bec e b i e.
O i B. e hei e g hd e he ki e ic hea i g effec .
O i C. i hi kd e he e e e e e i ed.
C ec A e i . e hei e g hd e he ki e ic hea i g effec .
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 165. Mach i eae .

O i A. a g he gi di a a i .
O i B. a g he a e a a i .
O i C. ed ce D ch .
C ec A e i . a g he gi di a a i .
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 166. T i c ea e c i ica ach be .

O i A. he i g a e e .
O i B. ee a e fi ed.
O i C. ai e a e fi ed.
C ec A e i . he i g a e e .
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 167. Whe a achi g he eed f d he.

O i A. e e ab e he i g e ceed he e e be he i g i ace .
O i B. e e ab e he i g ca e e e ceed he e e be he i g.
O i C. e e ab e he i g e a he e e be he i g.
C ec A e i . e e ab e he i g e ceed he e e be he i g i ace .
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 168. Ai eed ab e he eed f d, b e ceedi g 4 i e he eed f d

a e.
O i A. e ic.
O i B. h e ic.
O i C. h ic.
C ec A e i . e ic.
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 169. A ai c af e e ie ce a a ge f if a d a big i c ea e i d ag i aigh a d e e

f igh , ha d be he bab e ca e?.
O i A. A he ic c di i .
O i B. Ai c af eached i c i ica ach be .
O i C. Se e e head i d .
C ec A e i . Ai c af eached i c i ica ach be .
E a a i . NIL.

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Q e i N be . 170. A Mach T i e i a de ice hich.
O i A. e e he ai c af f e ceedi g i c i ica Mach N .
O i B. a a ica c e ae f i cha ge i he a ic egi .
O i C. i che i c e e da age i he a ic eed a ge.
C ec A e i . a a ica c e ae f i cha ge i he a ic egi .
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 171. Mach i a e a e be ee .
O i A. 0.9 ach a d 0.99 ach.
O i B. 0.7 a d 0.8 ach.
O i C. 0.6 ach 0.7 ach.
C ec A e i . 0.7 a d 0.8 ach.
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 172. Mach i i g i i i ia ed b a i ig a f he.

O i A. IRS.
O i B. e ica g .
O i C. CADC.
C ec A e i . e ica g .
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 173. Mach i e e .
O i A. he ed i gi a eed .
O i B. he ed i g a high eed.
O i C. he e if i g a high eed.
C ec A e i . he ed i g a high eed.
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 174. C i ica Mach N . a be i c ea ed b .

O i A. i g a highe hick e /ch d a i i g.
O i B. ee i g back he i g.
O i C. i g e e f e gi e .
C ec A e i . ee i g back he i g.
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 175. Ai f ei he ide f a a h ck a ei .
O i A. ic ea a d d ea .
O i B. ic ea , b ic d ea .
O i C. b ic ea , ic d ea .
C ec A e i . ic ea , b ic d ea .
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 176. Mach N be i defi ed a .

O i A. eed f d a ea e e di ided b ca eed f d.
O i B. IAS di ided b he ca eed f d.
O i C. TAS di ided b ca eed f d.
C ec A e i . TAS di ided b ca eed f d.
E a a i . Je e e A&P Tech icia Ai f a e Te b k Page 66.

Q e i N be . 177. The ea f ha eadi g edged i g high eed ai c af i .

O i A. e ab e he h ck a e be acc a e i i ed.
O i B. dec ea e a e d ag.
O i C. dec ea eb da a e .
C ec A e i . e ab e he h ck a e be acc a e i i ed.
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 178. C i ica Mach N be i defi ed a .

O i A. ha be a hich he ai f bec e e ic.
O i B. ha f ee- ea Mach N be a hich e a f he ai f e he ai c af bec e ic.
O i C. he i i ach be a hich he ai c af ca g e ic.
C ec A e i . ha f ee- ea Mach N be a hich e a f he ai f e he ai c af bec e ic.
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 179. The a ic egi i a egi f.

O i A. a b ic.
O i B. a e ic.
O i C. i ed ai f .
C ec A e i . i ed ai f .
E a a i . NIL.

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Q e i N be . 180. I edia e d ea fa bi e h ck a e i a a .
O i A. e ic.
O i B. he a e a ea .
O i C. b ic.
C ec A e i . e ic.
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 181. Wa e d ag.
O i A. i c ea e i he e ic egi .
O i B. i c ea e a he eed a .
O i C. i c ea e i he a ic egi .
C ec A e i . i c ea e i he a ic egi .
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 182. F i c ea ed Mc i .
O i A. dec ea e hick e /ch d a i .
O i B. dec ea e ee back.
O i C. dec ea e e ai eed.
C ec A e i . dec ea e hick e /ch d a i .
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 183. S f h ck a a e.
O i A. dec ea e i eed, b ffe a d e e f he ce e f e e.
O i B. b ffe , fc , a d i abi i .
O i C. c e ibi i effec , b ffe a d fc .
C ec A e i . b ffe , fc , a d i abi i .
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 184. S ee back i c ea e Mc i b .
O i A. dec ea i g he a f ai f e he e i he ae f i ec i .
O i B. dec ea i g he a f ai f e he highe i he ae f i ec i .
O i C. i c ea i g he a f ai f e he highe i he ae f i ec i .
C ec A e i . dec ea i g he a f ai f e he highe i he ae f i ec i .
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 185. Mach be i .
O i A. he a i f he ai c af TAS he eed f d a he a e a he ic c di i .
O i B. he a i f he ai c af IAS he eed f d a he a e a he ic c di i .
O i C. he a i f he ai c af TAS he eed f d a ea e e .
C ec A e i . he a i f he ai c af TAS he eed f d a he a e a he ic c di i .
E a a i . F igh I e a dA a ic F igh C , Da id Ha i Page 19.

Q e i N be . 186. The c i ica Mach be i .

O i A. he Mach N . he a h ck a e f a he eadi g edge.
O i B. he Mach N . he he ai c af eache he eed f d.
O i C. he ai c af Mach. N . he he ai f eache he eed f da e i he ai c af .
C ec A e i . he ai c af Mach. N . he he ai f eache he eed f da e i he
ai c af .
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 187. Ab e he C i ica Mach N . he d ag c efficie i .

O i A. e ai he a e.
O i B. a i c ea e.
O i C. a dec ea e.
C ec A e i . a i c ea e.
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 188. A i g f hick e /ch d a i , he C i ica Mach N . i be.

O i A. e ha a i g f high hick e /ch d a i .
O i B. highe ha a i g f high hick e /ch d a i .
O i C. he a e a a i g f high hick e /ch d a i .
C ec A e i . highe ha a i g f high hick e /ch d a i .
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 189. A ae a e f i g ab e he C i ica Mach N . i a e e ie ce.

O i A. a e i ch.
O i B. a ci a i i i ch.
O i C. a ed i ch
C ec A e i . a ed i ch.
E a a i . NIL.

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Q e i N be . 190. T ck- de ca be c e ac ed b .
O i A. ach i .
O i B. ai e e e a.
O i C. i ab .
C ec A e i . ach i .
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 191. Wha ca e ck de ?.
O i A. F a back effec .
O i B. Sh ck a .
O i C. Ai e e e a.
C ec A e i . Sh ck a .
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 192. Whe d e a h ck a cc ?.
O i A. Whe he ai c af f ad eed i ab e Mach O e.
O i B. A he c i ica Mach be f he ae a e.
O i C. Whe he ai c af eache eed f d i a di e.
C ec A e i . A he c i ica Mach be f he ae a e.
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 193. Wi h a i c ea e i a i de de I.S.A. c di i , he e ea ei he
he e.
O i A. i c ea e .
O i B. e ai c a .
O i C. dec ea e .
C ec A e i . dec ea e .
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 194. Ai ei he ide f a bi e h ck a e i ge e a .
O i A. ic.
O i B. e ic.
O i C. b ic.
C ec A e i . e ic.
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 195. D ea fa a h ck a e.
O i A. e e dec ea e e e a e i c ea e .
O i B. e ea d e e a e i c ea e.
O i C. e ea d e e a e dec ea e.
C ec A e i . e e a d e e a e i c ea e.
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 196. S eed f d a ie i h.
O i A. a i de.
O i B. e e a e.
O i C. e e.
C ec A e i . e e a e.
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 197. I edia e d ea fa a h ck a e, ai i a a .
O i A. b ic.
O i B. e ic.
O i C. he a e a ea .
C ec A e i . b ic.
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 198. I c ea ed ee back.
O i A. i e i a cha ac e i ic .
O i B. ai e Mc i .
O i C. dec ea e abi i .
C ec A e i . ai e Mc i .
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 199. Ae d a ic hea i g.
O i A. i c ea e a a f c i f ai eed.
O i B. i c ea e i h ki f ic i .
O i C. dec ea e i h a i de.
C ec A e i . i c ea e a a f c i f ai eed.
E a a i . NIL.

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Q e i N be . 200. T e c e i effec i e c face be i he a ic egi .

O i A. a a i g ai a e a be ed.
O i B. h d a ic e ed e e a a be ed.
O i C. F i e ai e a be ed.
C ec A e i . a a i g ai a e a be ed.
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 201. A ai c af f i g be he a e de ce d a a c a T e Ai eed, i Mach. N .

i .
O i A. e ai he a e.
O i B. i c ea e.
O i C. dec ea e.
C ec A e i . dec ea e.
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 202. T c e he effec f a hif f ce e f e e a a ai c af f ie h gh he a ic

egi , f e i ed.
O i A. f ad .
O i B. back a d .
O i C. ide a .
C ec A e i . back a d .
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 203. A ai c af f i g ab e he a e de ce d a a c a T e Ai eed, i Mach. N .

i .
O i A. e ai he a e.
O i B. dec ea e.
O i C. i c ea e.
C ec A e i . e ai he a e.
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 204. The e ci f d i h a i c ea e i a i de i .
O i A. e ai c a .
O i B. i c ea e.
O i C. dec ea e.
C ec A e i . dec ea e.
E a a i . F igh I e a dA a ic F igh C S e , Da id Ha i Page 19.

Q e i N be . 205. Mach be e a he a i f.
O i A. a i de ai eed.
O i B. ic eed i dica ed ai eed.
O i C. e ai eed ca ic eed.
C ec A e i . e ai eed ca ic eed.
E a a i . F igh I e a dA a ic F igh C S e , Da id Ha i Page 19.

Q e i N be . 206. T ck- de i ca ed b .
O i A. i a a aigh i g ai c af .
O i B. i a a e i g ai c af .
O i C. a a e i g ai c af .
C ec A e i . a a e i g ai c af .
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 207. The e f ee back a ae f i i .

O i A. dec ea e d ag.
O i B. dec ea e Mc i .
O i C. i c ea e Mc i .
C ec A e i . i c ea e Mc i .
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 208. A he ai eed e a ca be ed i g i i c ea ed, a h ck a e i a ea

i i ia .
O i A. a he eadi g edge.
O i B. a he ai i g edge.
O i C. ea he i f a i c a e.
C ec A e i . ea he i f a i c a e.
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 209. I he a ic eed a ge.

O i A. he ii f he i g ce e f e e e ai c a .

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O i B. he ce e f e e e e a bec e ci a .
O i C. he ce e f e e i i ia e f a d, he back.
C ec A e i . he ce e f e e e e a bec e ci a . OR he ce e f e e i i ia e
f a d, he back.
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 210. The a g e f a ack f a b ade i he.

O i A. a g e be ee he i a i a d e a i e ai f .
O i B. a g e be ee he ch d i e a d a e f a i .
O i C. a g e be ee he ch d i e a d e a i e ai f .
C ec A e i . a g e be ee he ch d i e a d e a i e ai f .
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 211. O a he ic e , ha i b ade d aggi g?.

O i A. M e e f each b ade e ica ab hei a e a hi ge .
O i B. C ac f he b ade i he g d.
O i C. M e e f each b ade h i a ab hei e ica hi ge.
C ec A e i . M e e f each b ade h i a ab hei e ica hi ge.
E a a i . A&P Ge e a Te b k Pg 2-58.

Q e i N be . 212. Lif ge e a ed b a b ade i i a he.

O i A. e a i e ai f a d he i ch.
O i B. ai c af ai eed a d a g e f a ack.
O i C. e a i e ai f a d he a g e f a ack.
C ec A e i . ai c af ai eed a d a g e f a ack.
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 213. Wha effec d e he g d ha e a he ic e ?.

O i A. N effec .
O i B. I c ea e if .
O i C. I c ea e h .
C ec A e i . I c ea e if .
E a a i . A&P Ai f a e Tech icia Te b k Pg 1-58.

Q e i N be . 214. Wha da ib a i a he ic e ?.
O i A. S a h a e.
O i B. Sci e e .
O i C. Bifi a da e .
C ec A e i . Bifi a da e .
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 215. Wha de ig fac g e RPM f a he ic e ?.

O i A. Weigh f b ade.
O i B. Fi e e ai .
O i C. E gi e a d gea b .
C ec A e i . Weigh f b ade.
E a a i . A&P Ai f a e Tech icia Te b k Pg 1-54. h : // . b.c /c e /h e ie /TM-1-1520-265-
23/c /TM-1-1520-265-23_104.h

Q e i N be . 216. Re a i e e ci f a he ic e .
O i A. i c ea e a f a d a e i g b ade.
O i B. i e a f a b ade .
O i C. i c ea e a e ea i g b ade.
C ec A e i . i c ea e a f a d a e i g b ade.
E a a i . A&P Ai f a e Tech icia Te b k Pg 1-59.

Q e i N be . 217. Whe OAT i c ea e , ha ha e a he ic e e a i g cei i g?.

O i A. Dec ea e.
O i B. I c ea e.
O i C. N effec .
C ec A e i . Dec ea e.
E a a i . A e e a e i c ea e , de i dec ea e a d ai c af e f a ce dec ea e .

Q e i N be . 218. Wi h he he ic e i f a d f igh , a a i ic d ag i ca e he he ic e .
O i A. i ch ed i h a i c ea e i f a d ai eed.
O i B. i ch ed i h a dec ea e i f a d ai eed.
O i C. i ch e i h a i c ea e i f a d i ai eed.
C ec A e i . i ch ed i h a i c ea e i f a d ai eed.
E a a i . NIL.

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Q e i N be . 219. Whe a b ade e ab he f a i g hi ge.
O i A. he i ch a g e f he b ade a a ed ce .
O i B. he d ag f ce he b ade cha ge.
O i C. he d ag f ce he b ade cha ge a d he a g e f a ack (AOA) cha ge .
C ec A e i . he d ag f ce he b ade cha ge a d he a g e f a ack (AOA) cha ge .
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 220. T ai ai he ii f he he ic e i h a dec ea e i ai de i , he i
i c ea e.
O i A. ai RPM.
O i B. c c ic i ch.
O i C. c ec i e i ch.
C ec A e i . c ec i e i ch.
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 221. The f ce hich g e he c i g a g e a e.

O i A. if a d ce if ga f ce.
O i B. h a d ce if ga f ce.
O i C. if a d h .
C ec A e i . if a d ce if ga f ce.
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 222. A a he ic e acce e a e i e e f a d f igh ab e a i ae 15 k ,i i be

ece a :.
O i A. ed ce e beca e f he addi i a if d e a a i a f igh .
O i B. i c ea e e beca e RPM i i c ea i g.
O i C. ed ce e beca e fi e d ag i ed ced.
C ec A e i . ed ce e beca e f he addi i a if d e a a i a f igh .
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 223. A i g he ha e ag f a b ade i 90 a d he c ad a ce a g e i 15 deg ee ,

he he i ch e a i g a be a he highe i f he a h a e : .
O i A. 90 ahead f he highe f a i g ii .
O i B. 75 ahead f he highe f a i g ii .
O i C. 105 ahead f he highe f a i g ii .
C ec A e i . 75 ahead f he highe f a i g ii .
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 224. A he ic e i h e i g a d he i a ie igh eda .A i g he ai ae a i

c ck i e ie ed f ab e, he he ic e i .
O i A. de ce d, e he i i che he h e e .
O i B. a ce d, e he i dec ea e RPM.
O i C. de ce d, e he i a ie e c ec i e i ch.
C ec A e i . de ce d, e he i i che he h e e .
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 225. A he ic e ha a ai hich a e a i-c ck i e ie ed f ab e, a d i fi ed

i h a a i- e ai .I i e d d if ide a .
O i A. , if he ai i ed he ef ide f he ai c af .
O i B. a b a d, hiche e a he ai i fi ed.
O i C. , if he ai i ed he igh ide f he ai c af .
C ec A e i . a b a d, hiche e a he ai i fi ed.
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 226. A he head i i ed a e f a d, ha ha e he ea ad a e i g b ade'

i ch a g e?.
O i A. I c ea e .
O i B. Dec ea e .
O i C. N cha ge.
C ec A e i . I c ea e .
E a a i . A&P Tech icia Ai f a e Te b k Pg.1-59.

Q e i N be . 227. The ai .
O i A. d ce a f ce i g e eac i .
O i B. d ce a f ce i he a e di ec i a e eac i .
O i C. i bjec di e f if .
C ec A e i . d ce a f ce i g e eac i .
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 228. Wi h he ai eda i e a , he ai b ade i ch i be.

O i A. i i e.

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O i B. ega i e.
O i C. e a.
C ec A e i . i i e.
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 229. The ai d i e haf i i ed a e a e he ic e c ec ai

.
O i A. d if .
O i B. e.
O i C. .
C ec A e i . d if .
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 230. Ce ai he ic e e d i aea he a di g. Thi be ca be ec eb

aci g he ai h .
O i A. be he i e f he ai h b.
O i B. ab e he i e f he ai h b.
O i C. i i e i h he ai h b.
C ec A e i . i i e i h he ai h b.
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 231. G d c hi effec i d ced b .

O i A. eci c a i g ai gi i g addi i a if .
O i B. i c ea ed e e de he ai di c.
O i C. i c ea e i de i ab e he f e age.
C ec A e i . i c ea ed e e de he ai di c.
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 232. A he ic e h e i g ea a a b i di g i .
O i A. d if a a f i.
O i B. be affec ed b i .
O i C. d if ad i.
C ec A e i . d if ad i.
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 233. D i g f he ic e b ade i c e a ed b .
O i A. f a i g.
O i B. d aggi g.
O i C. ce if ga f ce.
C ec A e i . ce if ga f ce.
E a a i . Ce if ga f ce c e ac he d f he ic e b ade a RPM.

Q e i N be . 234. D i g dece ih e- , a he ic e .
O i A. if , eigh a d h a e ac i g he he ic e .
O i B. if , d ag a d h a e ac i g he he ic e .
O i C. if , d ag, h a d eigh a e ac i g he he ic e .
C ec A e i . if , d ag, h a d eigh a e ac i g he he ic e .
E a ai . A f f ce ac he he ic e .

Q e i N be . 235. A he ic e h e i g 2 ab e he g d bjec a gc i d i .
O i A. e if d e he e a f he g d c hi effec .
O i B. i c ea e if d e g d c hi effec .
O i C. e if d e eci c a i .
C ec A e i . e if d e eci c a i .
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 236. Wi h a d i a bie e ea e, a ai c af e ice cei i g i .

O i A. e.
O i B. i e.
O i C. be affec ed.
C ec A e i . i e.
E a a i . A a bie e ea ed , de i i c ea e a d ai c af ef a ce i c ea e .

Q e i N be . 237. D i ga a a i e de ce , RPM i be.

O i A. highe ha i e ed f igh .
O i B. e ha i e ed f igh .
O i C. b a ia he a e a i e ed f igh .
C ec A e i . highe ha i e ed f igh .
E a a i . NIL.

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Q e i N be . 238. He ic e b ade a e.
O i A. e ica .
O i B. high ca be ed.
O i C. e e e ca be ed.
C ec A e i . e ica .
E a a i . He ic e b ade a e a e ica ec i .

Q e i N be . 239. A a i e f ce i he.
O i A. c e f he a eac i hich ac f a d i he a e f ai i ii d ag.
O i B. f ce e i ed i ah e.
O i C. f ce he i a he c ec i e e e b ai a c ed de ce .
C ec A e i . c e f he a eac i hich ac f a d i he a e f ai i ii d ag.
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 240. A ai .
O i A. ea e he ai c af i h di ec i a c .
O i B. e i a f e.
O i C. i he d ci f if f f ee ai g b ade .
C ec A e i . i he d ci f if f f ee ai g b ade .
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 241. If he ai f a he ic e a e i a a i-c ck i e di ec i he ie ed f
ab e, a d a h e i g ef i e i ed, he f i g e e f he c a e e ec ed : .
O i A. R dde eda he ef , a d dec ea e h e.
O i B. R dde eda he ef , a d i c ea e h e.
O i C. R dde eda he igh , a d i c ea e h e.
C ec A e i . R dde eda he ef , a d dec ea e h e.
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 242. He ic e de i e i if f .
O i A. ai i hed d a d.
O i B. ac a a ai c e .
O i C. he b ade f he he ic e c ea e a e e ab e i .
C ec A e i . he b ade f he he ic e c ea e a e e ab e i .
E a a i . A h ee a e c ec , b a ae d a ici d ch e a 'c ea e a e e ab e i '.

Q e i N be . 243. A b aded he ic e a ce a gi ba i ca ed.

O i A. e i igid .
O i B. f a ic a ed .
O i C. igid .
C ec A e i . e i igid .
E a a i . A&P Tech icia Ai f a e Te b k Pg.1-53.

Q e i N be . 244. If a he ic e di c i a i g a ic ck i e, ie ed f ab e he e, d a i ch
i be fed i he di c e he he ic e back a d , (90 deg ee ha )?.
O i A. I f f he a e a a i .
O i B. Lef f he gi di a a i .
O i C. Righ f he gi di a a i .
C ec A e i . Righ f he gi di a a i .
E a ai . D e ece i f he di c, he i i he di c back a d be aced 90 deg ee bef e,
i di ec i f i f he di c.

Q e i N be . 245. O a he ic e , ha i e i g a e?.
O i A. Ti e b i d- d i g h e .
O i B. Ti e i e fe e ce a high f a d eed.
O i C. G d e i e fe e ce he h e i g c e he g d.
C ec A e i . Ti e b i d- d i g h e .
E a a i . D i g h e , he i e f e b ade add he i ice f he ecedi g b ade , d ci g a a ge
e i g a d a e i efficie he ic e .

Q e i N be . 246. Ci b i hf ad eed e ie e e ha e ica c i b , beca e f.

O i A. a a i a if .
O i B. i c ea ed i e ia.
O i C. f ad e .
C ec A e i . a a i a if .
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 247. T a a i a f igh i .
O i A. achie ed b ai i g e i g he c ec i e e e .
O i B. he he he ic e cha ge f e ead f igh c di i a he .
O i C. achie ed b i i g he di c i he di ec i f f igh .

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C ec A e i . achie ed b i i g he di c i he di ec i f f igh .
E a ai . NIL.

Q e i N be . 248. The be de ig f a b ade i he e he C fP.

O i A. e f ee a g he e g h f he b ade.
O i B. d e e.
O i C. i i ig ifica .
C ec A e i . d e e.
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 249. Whe he c c ic ick i ea ed f adi he h e ii .

O i A. a i de i i c ea ed.
O i B. f ad h i dec ea ed.
O i C. e ica if i ed ced.
C ec A e i . e ica if i ed ced.
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 250. The c ei f ed b .
O i A. b ade a ig e .
O i B. ce if ga f ce a d if .
O i C. ce if ga f ce .
C ec A e i . ce if ga f ce a d if .
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 251. T acki g i ca ied _____________ he ai b ade i a h.

O i A. e e.
O i B. a ig .
O i C. ba a ce.
C ec A e i . a ig .
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 252. The ad a ci g b ade f a he ic e i he e i g.

O i A. e i gf adi e a i e ai f .
O i B. highe b ade.
O i C. e i g i di ec i f e a i e ai f .
C ec A e i . e i gf adi e a i e ai f .
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 253. Lif i ge e a ed b .
O i A. d - a h be he b ade.
O i B. high e e ab e he b ade.
O i C. e e ab e he b ade.
C ec A e i . e e ab e he b ade.
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 254. S a ic abi i f a he ic e i .
O i A. he abi i f he he ic e he h e i g.
O i B. he e de c e back a d e a af e di ba ce.
O i C. he e de c ci a e i he e a i achie ed.
C ec A e i . he e de c e back a d e a af e di ba ce.
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 255. F a d e ci ca e he ad a ci g b ade .
O i A. fa d i c ea e if .
O i B. gi e i c ea ed if d e b ade f a i g.
O i C. fa ed ce if .
C ec A e i . fa ed ce if .
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 256. Whe i gf he h e f a d f igh i i ece a .

O i A. i c ea e he e gi e e.
O i B. dec ea e he e gi e e.
O i C. ai ai c a e gi e e.
C ec A e i . i c ea e he e gi e e.
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 257. Af e a cha ge i c ec i e i ch he R RPM i i e a d fa . Thi i ca ed.

O i A. a ic d .
O i B. a ie d .
O i C. de i g.

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C ec A e i . a ie d .
E a a i . The He ic e a d H i F ie b J h Fa Page 20/21. The i i ia a fa i RPM i ca ed a ie
d . The cha ge i abi i ed RPM i efe ed a a ic d . The RPM diffe e ce be ee a ie d a d a ic
d i ca ed he de i g.

Q e i N be . 258. Af e a cha ge i i ch f a b ade, he b ade i be a a i fa a .

O i A. 90 .
O i B. 0 .
O i C. 180 .
C ec A e i . 90 .
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 259. The di c i .
O i A. he g d c hi .
O i B. he di a ce be ee i i .
O i C. he head h b.
C ec A e i . he di a ce be ee i i .
E a ai . A a ic F igh C . Pa e . Page 59/60 fig 1.42.

Q e i N be . 260. The a i f a d eed f a he ic e i i i ed b .

O i A. e ea i g b ade a a d he f a d eed f he ad a ci g b ade.
O i B. e gi e e.
O i C. he ha e f he f e age.
C ec A e i . e ea i g b ade a a d he f a d eed f he ad a ci g b ade.
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 261. Wha i ci e d e he de a 3 hi ge e?.

O i A. T ia g a i ch cha ge e e .
O i B. F a i g ac a .
O i C. Off e hi ge .
C ec A e i . Off e hi ge .
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 262. A he a g e f a ack f a b ade i c ea e , i affec he.

O i A. f a i g f ce .
O i B. d aggi g a d he f a i g f ce .
O i C. d aggi g f ce .
C ec A e i . d aggi g a d he f a i g f ce .
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 263. Wi h a i c ea e i i a g e f a ack, he d ag ac i g a b ade.

O i A. dec ea e .
O i B. i c ea e .
O i C. e ai c a .
C ec A e i . i c ea e .
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 264. F ce a he ic e,i a e- de ce a e.
O i A. if , d ag, h , eigh .
O i B. if , d ag, h .
O i C. eigh , d ag, if .
C ec A e i . if , d ag, h , eigh .
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 265. The be abi i a g e ai e i ba ed .

O i A. f a i g hi ge .
O i B. ff e hi ge .
O i C. g c ic f ce .
C ec A e i . g c ic f ce .
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 266. D i gf a d f igh he ad a ci g b ade i .

O i A. fa d .
O i B. fa .
O i C. ag.
C ec A e i . fa .
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 267. Wha i he ad a ci g b ade a he ic e d i g?.

O i A. G i g he highe i .

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O i B. I c ea i g i if .
O i C. I c ea i g i d ag.
C ec A e i . I c ea i g i if .
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 268. Wha i he a h a e a he ic e ed f ?.
O i A. C f he i ch f he b ade .
O i B. C f he eed f he b ade .
O i C. C f he f a f he b ade .
C ec A e i . C f he i ch f he b ade .
E a ai . A a ic F igh C Pa e Page 61.

Q e i N be . 269. U a h a he ic e d e i .
O i A. dec ea e i if .
O i B. i c ea e i if i h a i c ea e i e.
O i C. dec ea e i eed.
C ec A e i . i c ea e i if i h a i c ea e i e.
E a a i . U a h i c ea e a g e f a ack.

Q e i N be . 270. Af e a he ef f a a ica ab e he ic e , he he ic e d.
O i A. c i e f he .
O i B. e ai a he ii ha i had ed .
O i C. back he h i a.
C ec A e i . c i e f he .
E a ai . A a ic F igh C Pa e Page 65.

Q e i N be . 271. The diffe e ce be ee a ie d a d a ic d i .

O i A. e i g.
O i B. de i g.
O i C. ah ei e.
C ec A e i . de i g.
E a a i . The He ic e hi , i i ga dh i f ie J h Fa ISBN81-70002-030-1 Page N 21".

Q e i N be . 272. Wha ha e a he ic e i a a i e f igh ?.

O i A. The g e i he a di ec i f ai .
O i B. The g e he i e di ec i he a di ec i f ai .
O i C. The cabi g e i he di ec i f ai .
C ec A e i . The g e i he a di ec i f ai .
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 273. The RPM f he b ade i c a , i hi a i i .

O i A. e e b ade e - eedi g.
O i B. e e b ade f di g d i g f igh .
O i C. ed ce e adi g.
C ec A e i . e e b ade f di g d i g f igh .
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 274. T ai ai he ii f he he ic e, he h ei g i h a dec ea e i ai de i , he
i .
O i A. i c ea e he c ec i e i ch.
O i B. i c ea e RPM.
O i C. i c ea e he c c ic i ch.
C ec A e i . i c ea e he c ec i e i ch.
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 275. Re a i e ai f e a he ic e b ade.
O i A. i c ea e a he i .
O i B. i affec ed b b ade ii .
O i C. i c ea e a he .
C ec A e i . i c ea e a he i .
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 276. A he ic e fi he gi e.
O i A. gi di a abi i ab he a a i .
O i B. di ec i a abi i ab he a a i .
O i C. di ec i a abi i ab he gi di a a i .
C ec A e i . di ec i a abi i ab he a a i .
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 277. Af e a he ef fa a ica ab e he ic e , he he ic e d.

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O i A. c i e .
O i B. c e back e e f igh .
O i C. i c ea e .
C ec A e i . c e back e e f igh .
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 278. S idi f he i he a i f he.

O i A. b ade a ea di c a ea.
O i B. a eigh b ade a ea.
O i C. a eigh di c a ea.
C ec A e i . b ade a ea di c a ea.
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 279. Which di ec i i he ai f i g h gh he ai d i ga ai ?.
O i A. U ad .
O i B. Pa a e he ch d i e.
O i C. D ad .
C ec A e i . U ad .
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 280. The e f a ff- e e ica abi i e i .

O i A. ide abi i d i g e ica f igh .
O i B. e ie e e f he ad he ai d i gf a d f igh .
O i C. ide if d i g f a d f igh .
C ec A e i . e ie e e f he ad he ai d i gf a d f igh .
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 281. The e f he h i a abi i e i .

O i A. ai ai he ai c af i a ea a h i a a i de a ib e, d i g f a d f igh .
O i B. ed ce head ad d i g a a i a f igh .
O i C. abi i e he ai c af i he h e .
C ec A e i . ai ai he ai c af i a ea a h i a a i de a ib e, d i g f a d f igh .
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 282. D i ga a i , he dde eda .

O i A. d eed be backed ff d e he f e.
O i B. d ha e effec di ec i a c .
O i C. d eed be ad a ced c e ac he i c ea ed e.
C ec A e i . d eed be backed ff d e he f e.
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 283. I f a d f igh , he ad a ci g b ade d be e ec ed .

O i A. ag.
O i B. i c ea e i ch.
O i C. fa .
C ec A e i . fa .
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 284. Whe he he ic e e f he h e a ai a f igh , he if ec

i .
O i A. e ai e ica .
O i B. ef a d.
O i C. e af .
C ec A e i . ef a d.
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 285. If he b ade a g e f a ack i c ea e .

O i A. if i c ea e .
O i B. if a d d ag i c ea e .
O i C. d ag i c ea e .
C ec A e i . if a d d ag i c ea e .
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 286. Whe a b ade i f a i g .

O i A. i ch i i c ea e.
O i B. i ch i dec ea e.
O i C. if a d d ag b h i c ea e.
C ec A e i . i ch i dec ea e.
E a a i . NIL.

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Q e i N be . 287. V e i g a e ie .
O i A. e ea i g b ade a .
O i B. ad a ci g b ade a .
O i C. e de ce .
C ec A e i . e de ce .
E a a i . The he ic e a d h i f ie Page 117 b J h Fa .

Q e i N be . 288. R i ice a e ge he .
O i A. h e i g i h high eigh .
O i B. f i g high eed i aigh a d e e f igh .
O i C. f i gi a head i d.
C ec A e i . h e i g i h high eigh .
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 289. Tai effec he he ic e i .

O i A. i ch a d .
O i B. e ica a i .
O i C. h i a a i .
C ec A e i . e ica a i .
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 290. A b ade f a He ic e Mai R i .

O i A. high ca be ed.
O i B. e e e ca be ed.
O i C. e ica ca be ed.
C ec A e i . e ica ca be ed.
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 291. He ic e b ade d ce if b .
O i A. i ga a a f ai d ad .
O i B. i g a a ge a f ai d ad ick .
O i C. c ea i g a e e e ab e he b ade ha be .
C ec A e i . c ea i g a e e e ab e he b ade ha be .
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 292. Wi h a i c ea e i f a d e ci f a he ic e , he i c ea e i a a i ic d ag i ca e
he f e age a i de .
O i A. i ch d .
O i B. e ai e e .
O i C. i ch .
C ec A e i . i ch d .
E a a i . The a f a a i ic d ag i c ea e i h i c ea i g ai eed, ha he h / a a i e d ag ( e
d )c e bec e ge .

Q e i N be . 293. O a he ic e, di c if ha e .
O i A. 180 a e .
O i B. 90 a e .
O i C. i edia e .
C ec A e i . i edia e .
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 294. D i ga a a i e dece , RPM i be.

O i A. highe ha i e ed f igh .
O i B. a i ae he a e a i e ed f igh .
O i C. e ha i e ed f igh .
C ec A e i . highe ha i e ed f igh .
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 295. Lif i a he ic e i a e f.
O i A. i ch * ae f eed.
O i B. a g e f a ack * e ci a ed.
O i C. a g e f a ack * e ci a ed a d f a d eed.
C ec A e i . a g e f a ack * e ci a ed.
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 296. Af e a cha ge i i ch f a b ade he b ade i be a a i fa a .

O i A. 180 .
O i B. 90 .
O i C. 0 .
C ec A e i . 90 .
E a a i . NIL.

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Q e i N be . 297. Whe he b ade i c ea e i a g e f a ack, he ce e f e e.

O i A. d e e.
O i B. e ea a d .
O i C. e f a d.
C ec A e i . d e e.
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 298. A a i e f ce a e he b ade.
O i A. i he di ec i f a ai .
O i B. b h i a d agai he di ec i f a ai .
O i C. agai he di ec i f a ai .
C ec A e i . i he di ec i f a ai .
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 299. The g d effec i effec i e a heigh e a i g.

O i A. ice he dia e e f he di c.
O i B. he e g h f he f e age.
O i C. he dia e e f he di c.
C ec A e i . he dia e e f he di c.
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 300. M e e f he c ec i e c i .
O i A. i c ea e he i ch f he ai b ade .
O i B. i c ea e he i ch f he ai .
O i C. i he di c a d i c ea e e gi e e.
C ec A e i . i c ea e he i ch f he ai b ade .
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 301. R b ade ai i gi a be a.
O i A. RPM a e gi e h d .
O i B. a RPM i g c di i .
O i C. high RPM a e gi e a .
C ec A e i . RPM a e gi e h d .
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 302. The a e f ai e he face f a ae f i hich i e i g, i ea i he e

f he ai f , i k a .
O i A. ca be a e .
O i B. b da a e .
O i C. e f he ab e a e c ec .
C ec A e i . b da a e .
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 303. D i g he ic e f a d f igh he e ea i g b ade i e d .

O i A. fa d .
O i B. cha ge.
O i C. fa .
C ec A e i . fa d .
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 304. Whe ai f e ci e a e ca be ed face f a ae f i dec ea e , ha ake

ace?.
O i A. Pe e i c ea e , if dec ea e .
O i B. Pe e dec ea e , if i c ea e .
O i C. Pe e i c ea e , if i c ea e .
C ec A e i . Pe ei c ea e , if dec ea e .
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 305. Wha i a c i g fac f b e ce a d ki f ic i ?.

O i A. C e k i e ed ki e e i .
O i B. Fi e e ai .
O i C. A ec a i .
C ec A e i . C e k i e ed ki e e i .
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 306. Cha ge i ai c af eigh .

O i A. i affec a d ag if he if i ke c a .
O i B. i affec a d ag i ce i i de e da eed.
O i C. ca e c e di g cha ge i a d ag d e he a cia ed if cha ge.

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C ec A e i . ca e c e di g cha ge i a d ag d e he a cia ed if cha ge.
E a ai . NIL.

Q e i N be . 307. Whe a ae f i a .
O i A. if a d d ag i c ea e.
O i B. if dec ea e a d d ag i c ea e .
O i C. if i c ea e a d d ag dec ea e .
C ec A e i . if dec ea e a d d ag i c ea e .
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 308. Whe a he ic e di c i i ed f a d, ha ha e he i ch f he e ea i g
b ade?.
O i A. I c ea e .
O i B. Re ai c a .
O i C. Dec ea e .
C ec A e i . I c ea e .
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 309. Ai f h gh he ai di c i a ai i .
O i A. a a d h gh he di c.
O i B. a a h gh he di c.
O i C. a be ei he d .
C ec A e i . a a h gh he di c.
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 310. The b ade a i g eed i .

O i A. cha ge if he MTWA e e cha ged.
O i B. i c ea e i h a i c ea e i he ic e eigh .
O i C. be affec ed b he ic e eigh cha ge i ce i i de e da he a g e f a ack.
C ec A e i . i c ea e i h a i c ea e i he ic e eigh .
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 311. G d effec i be a ae he .
O i A. a ii g i he h e .
O i B. h ei gc e he g d.
O i C. a ii g he g d.
C ec A e i . h ei gc e he g d.
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 312. Whe e e i g i a ab e a ai e a e, he ai RPM i i i ia .

O i A. i c ea e.
O i B. dec ea e.
O i C. be affec ed.
C ec A e i . dec ea e.
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 313. The a i g eed f a he ic e b ade.

O i A. i i c ea ed he he he ic e i hea ie .
O i B. i i c ea ed he he he ic e i igh e .
O i C. d e cha ge.
C ec A e i . i i c ea ed he he he ic e i hea ie .
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 314. He ic e i f a d f igh a e a .
O i A. di ec i a ab e.
O i B. aea ab e.
O i C. gi di a ab e.
C ec A e i . di ec i a ab e.
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 315. S abi i f a he ic e i i .
O i A. abi i h e a a fi ed i ab e he g d.
O i B. abi i e i a 3 a i he e a d he e i ed.
O i C. abi i e igi a a i de af e di ace e .
C ec A e i . abi i e igi a a i de af e di ace e .
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 316. I f a d f igh he e a i e ai e ci a each b ade.

O i A. i g ea e f he e ea i g b ade.
O i B. i e a a a b ade d e c e ai .

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O i C. i g ea e f he ad a ci g b ade.
C ec A e i . i g ea e f he ad a ci g b ade.
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 317. Wha f ce a e ac i g he he ic e d i g de ce ?.
O i A. Lif .
O i B. Lif a d eigh .
O i C. Weigh .
C ec A e i . Lif a d eigh .
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 318. The g d c hi effec i a a e .

O i A. i he h e .
O i B. i he h e a d a a a i a f igh c e he g d.
O i C. he g d .
C ec A e i . i he h e a d a a a i a f igh c e he g d.
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 319. If he a g e f a ack i i c ea ed a ai b ade.

O i A. he e i cha ge i d ag.
O i B. he e i a i c ea e i d ag.
O i C. he e i a ed c i i d ag.
C ec A e i . he e i a i c ea e i d ag.
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 320. A he ic e ai b ade a be a e ed f i .
O i A. e a i e if a g he b ade.
O i B. ed ce i d ced d ag.
O i C. ed ce he b ade eigh .
C ec A e i . e a i e if a g he b ade.
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 321. A he ic e ai b ade i i ed f i .
O i A. e i he b ade aigh e de ae d a ic ad.
O i B. e a i e if a g he b ade.
O i C. gi e he b ade addi i a e g h.
C ec A e i . e a i e if a g he b ade.
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 322. T a a i a d if i .
O i A. he e de c f he ai c af d if a e a .
O i B. he e de c f he ai c af .
O i C. he e de c f he ai c af i ch e .
C ec A e i . he e de c f he ai c af d if a e a .
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 323. The ch ice f ae f i ec i f a b ade i ch ha .

O i A. i ha a ab e ce e f e e.
O i B. he C fP e e .
O i C. he C fP e a id i e e i ch cha ge .
C ec A e i . i ha a ab e ce e f e e.
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 324. Whe he b ade i f a i g , he a g e f a ack.

O i A. e ai he a e a he i ch a g e.
O i B. i e ha he i ch a g e.
O i C. i g ea e ha he i ch a g e.
C ec A e i . i e ha he i ch a g e.
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 325. Whe he b ade i f a i gd , he i ch a g e.

O i A. i e ha he a g e f a ack.
O i B. e ai he a e.
O i C. i g ea e ha he a g e f a ack.
C ec A e i . i e ha he a g e f a ack.
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 326. The a ee i a ab .
O i A. 18,000 f .
O i B. 30,000 f .

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O i C. 36,000 f .
C ec A e i . 36,000 f .
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 327. The b ade e a e a he be Lif /D ag a i he hei .

O i A. a g e f a ack i 0 deg ee .
O i B. i ch a g e c e a ach he a a g e.
O i C. a g e f a ack i ab +3 deg ee .
C ec A e i . a g e f a ack i ab +3 deg ee .
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 328. The ce e f e e f a ae f i i ha i he c d i e.
O i A. hich e , i h cha ge i a g e f a ack, if he ec i i e ica .
O i B. a hich he highe e e i aid ac .
O i C. a hich he if f ce e a i aid ac .
C ec A e i . a hich he if f ce e a i aid ac .
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 329. The ai a e b f a he ic e ide .

O i A. b h if a d h i a h .
O i B. if , a c e f hich i h i a h i b ai ed.
O i C. if , b a ba a ced c e i he di ec i f f igh e he ai c af f a d.
C ec A e i . if , a c e f hich i h i a h i b ai ed.
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 330. A ad a age f he e ica ec i b ade ed he ic e i ha .

O i A. he e e f he ce e f e e i h cha ge f he a g e f a ack i g ea e ha ha f a fi ed
i g.
O i B. he ce e f e e e f a d i h cha ge i a g e f a ack.
O i C. he ii f he fea he a i a d he ce e f e e a d ce e f g a i c i cide, idi g
abi i .
C ec A e i . he ii f he fea he a i a d he ce e f e e a d ce e fga i c i cide, idi g
abi i .
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 331. Which a f he di c d ce he if d i g f a d f igh ?.

O i A. The id- a i .
O i B. The f i .
O i C. The ea i .
C ec A e i . The f i .
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 332. The ae f i ha e f a ai b ade i e ica i de ake he b ade

ha e.
O i A. he highe ib e if c -efficie he h e i g.
O i B. he be ib e a a i e cha ac e i ic .
O i C. a ea i e ab e ce e f e e ii i h cha ge i a g e f a ack.
C ec A e i . a ea i e ab e ce e f e e ii i h cha ge i a g e f a ack.
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 333. A ec a i i he a i f he.
O i A. di c dia e e he ch d.
O i B. b ade ch d he di c a ea.
O i C. b ade a he ch d.
C ec A e i . b ade a he ch d.
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 334. Di c adi g i defi ed a he.

O i A. ai fg eigh di c a ea.
O i B. ai f b ade a ea di c a ea.
O i C. ai fg eigh a b ade a ea.
C ec A e i . a i fg eigh di c a ea.
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 335. A he ic e ha a ai hich a e a ic ck i e ie ed f ab e. Wha ha e

if a f a i- e de ice a c i e eed i f igh ?.
O i A. N e i che igh + a igh .
O i B. N e i che igh + a ef .
O i C. N a eciab e cha ge.
C ec A e i . N e i che igh + a igh .
E a a i . NIL.

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Q e i N be . 336. O e i ch ca e .
O i A. a i c ea e i RPM.
O i B. a ed c i i RPM.
O i C. b ade c e .
C ec A e i . b ade c e .
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 337. A h ded ai .
O i A. ed ce eed f c c ic fea he i g.
O i B. gi e c i i ch a d a .
O i C. ha i c ea ed ai f a ca be c ed b he dde .
C ec A e i . ed ce eed f c c ic fea he i g.
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 338. I a he ic e i h i ai i g a i-c ck i e, hich a d e he ai c af e d

d if ?.
O i A. P if ai i ed he igh .
O i B. S a b a d, i e ec i e f hich ide he ai i ed .
O i C. P if ai i ed he ef .
C ec A e i . S a b a d, i e ec i e f hich ide he ai i ed .
E a a i . NIL.

08.4. F S ab a D a .

Q e i N be . 1. Dihed a i g c ba i abi i i .
O i A. a .
O i B. ide- i .
O i C. i ch.
C ec A e i . ide- i .
E a a i . A he ai c af ide- i , he e i a g ea e a g e f a ack he e i g hich i c ea e
if , aigh e he ai c af a d he ide- i .

Q e i N be . 2. A ai c af , hich i gi di a ab e, i e d e e e f igh af e a
e e i hich a i ?.
O i A. Pi ch.
O i B. Ya .
O i C. R .
C ec A e i . Pi ch.
E a a i . L gi di a abi i i abi i ab he i ch a i .

Q e i N be . 3. The a a i f a ai c af a e h gh.
O i A. he ce e f g a i .
O i B. a i a he ce e f he i g .
O i C. a he ce e f e e.
C ec A e i . he ce e f g a i .
E a a i . A he a i f he ai c af ( a, gi di a a d a e a ) a h gh he ce e fga i .

Q e i N be . 4. D e he cha ge i d a h a a e ed i g (i.e. e fc a ch d e g h) i
i .
O i A. ide a da i g effec he i g.
O i B. ffe ad e e a effec he i g.
O i C. e d a fi a he .
C ec A e i . e d a fi a he .
E a a i . The cha ge i d a h i ca ed b he i g i ice , hich ha a e e affec i b a d ha i d e a
he i . The d a h ed ce he effec i e a g e f a ack ( e a he i ). Thi ca e he f he i g a
bef e he i .

Q e i N be . 5. C ec i g f a di ba ce hich ha ca ed a i g i ab he gi di a a i
d e-e ab i h hich f he f i g?.
O i A. La e a abi i .
O i B. L gi di a abi i .
O i C. Di ec i a abi i .
C ec A e i . La e a abi i .
E a a i . The ai c af ' e e i g i a e a abi i .

Q e i N be . 6. P i i gi a ci a i i he.
O i A. a a e.
O i B. a e.
O i C. i ch a e.
C ec A e i . i ch a e.

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E a ai . P i i gi a ci a i i i ch, ab he a e a a i .

Q e i N be . 7. Di ec i a abi i i ai ai ed.
O i A. b he ai a e, a d c ed b he e e a .
O i B. b he kee face a d fi , a d c ed b he dde .
O i C. b he ai a e , a d c ed b he ai e .
C ec A e i . b he kee face a d fi , a d c ed b he dde .
E a a i . Di ec i a abi i i ai ai ed b he kee face a d he fi a d c ed b he dde .

Q e i N be . 8. L gi di a abi i i gi e b .
O i A. he fi .
O i B. he i g dihed a .
O i C. he h i a ai a e.
C ec A e i . he h i a ai a e.
E a a i . The h i a abi i e ( ai a e) ide gi di a abi i .

Q e i N be . 9. La e a abi i i gi e b .
O i A. he h i a ai a e.
O i B. he ai e .
O i C. he i g dihed a .
C ec A e i . he i g dihed a .
E a a i . The i g dihed a ide a e a abi i .

Q e i N be . 10. S abi i ab he a e a a i i gi e b .
O i A. he ai e .
O i B. he h i a ai a e.
O i C. i g dihed a .
C ec A e i . he h i a ai a e.
E a a i . S abi i ab he a e a a i i gi di a abi i . The h i a abi i e ( ai a e) ide
gi di a abi i .

Q e i N be . 11. S ee back f he i g i .
O i A. dec ea e a e a abi i .
O i B. affec he a e a abi i .
O i C. i c ea e a e a abi i .
C ec A e i . i c ea e a e a abi i .
E a a i . Whe a ai c af , i ide i . A ide i i g ai c af i h ee back ha a highe AR he eadi g
i g ha ha i ha he ai i g i g. The if i g ea e a highe AR i g, i c ec he . (10 deg ee f
ee back ha he a e effec a 1 deg ee f dihed a ).

Q e i N be . 12. D ch R i .
O i A. i a i a i chi g i abi i .
O i B. a c bi ed i ga d a i g i .
O i C. a e f .
C ec A e i . a c bi ed i ga d a i g i .
E a a i . D ch e i a c bi a i f ea d a .

Q e i N be . 13. A high i g ii gi e .
O i A. e a e a abi i ha a i g.
O i B. e a e a abi i ha a i g.
O i C. he a e a e a abi i a a i g.
C ec A e i . e a e a abi i ha a i g.
E a a i . The e d effec d ced b he f e age f a high i g ai c af ide e aea abi i .

Q e i N be . 14. Di ec i a abi i a be i c ea ed i h.
O i A. i ch da e .
O i B. h ba a ce.
O i C. a da e .
C ec A e i . a da e .
E a a i . Ya da e i c ea e di ec i a abi i .

Q e i N be . 15. La e a abi i a be i c ea ed i h.
O i A. i c ea ed a e a dihed a .
O i B. i c ea ed a e a a hed a .
O i C. i c ea ed gi di a dihed a .
C ec A e i . i c ea ed a e a dihed a .
E a a i . La e a dihed a i c ea e a e a abi i . (BTW : L gi di a dihed a i he diffe e ce be ee
ai a e a d ai a e a g e f i cide ce).

Q e i N be . 16. L gi di a abi i i i c ea ed if he.

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1/13/2018 EASA PART 66 GUIDE: EASA P 66 : A Q
O i A. CG i f a d f he CP.
O i B. Th ac a i e be he a d ag.
O i C. CP e f a d f he CG.
C ec A e i . CG i f a d f he CP.
E a a i . If he CG i f a d f he CP i i ha e a e-d e de c hich ake he ai c af e ike a
a d he ef e i i ha e e gi di a abi i .

Q e i N be . 17. Di ec i a abi i i ab he.

O i A. aea a i .
O i B. gi di a a i .
O i C. a a i .
C ec A e i . a a i .
E a a i . Di ec i a abi i i abi i ab he a a i .

Q e i N be . 18. La e a abi i i ab he.

O i A. gi di a a i .
O i B. a a i .
O i C. e ica a i .
C ec A e i . gi di a a i .
E a a i . La e a abi i i abi i ab he gi di a a i .

Q e i N be . 19. L gi di a abi i i ided b he.

O i A. h i a abi i e .
O i B. e ica abi i e .
O i C. ai a e.
C ec A e i . h i a abi i e .
E a a i . L gi di a abi i i ided b he h i a abi i e ( ai a e).

Q e i N be . 20. If he ai c af a d ide- i .
O i A. he ee back f he i g i c ec he ide i .
O i B. he kee face i c ec he ide i .
O i C. he dihed a f he i g i c ec he ide i .
C ec A e i . he dihed a f he i g i c ec he ide i .
E a ai . h : // .a a .fi .ed /ae /a e 33.h

Q e i N be . 21. A ai c af di bed f i a f igh a h, a d a a ica e ha a

f igh a h, i h a ac i he a f he i i k a .
O i A. ai c af a .
O i B. ai c af i abi i .
O i C. ai c af abi i .
C ec A e i . ai c af abi i .
E a a i . S abi i i he ai c af ' abi i f he ai c af e i a f igh a h af e bei g
di bed.

Q e i N be . 22. The fi gi e abi i ab hich a i ?.

O i A. L gi di a a i .
O i B. La e a a i .
O i C. N a a i .
C ec A e i . N a a i .
E a a i . The fi gi e abi i ab he a a i .

Q e i N be . 23. If he e f he ai c af i a ed ab i aea a i , ha i i di ec i a
e e ?.
O i A. R i g ba ki g he ef igh .
O i B. T i g he ef igh .
O i C. C i bi g di i g.
C ec A e i . C i bi g di i g.
E a a i . F a ai c af ci b di e i be a ed ab aea a i .

Q e i N be . 24. The f c i f a ai c af fi .
O i A. i ide di ec i a c .
O i B. i ide aigh ai f ac he dde .
O i C. i ide abi i ab he a a i .
C ec A e i . i ide abi i ab he a a i .
E a a i . The f c i f he ai c af fi i ide abi i ab he a a i .

Q e i N be . 25. M e e f a ai c af ab i a a i .
O i A. i i g.
O i B. i a i g.
O i C. i i chi g.
C ec A e i . i a i g.

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E a ai . a i g' i e e f he ai c af ab i a a i .

Q e i N be . 26. If, af e a di ba ce, a ae a e i i ia e i e i ib i a e.

O i A. i ha e a abi i .
O i B. i ha a ic abi i a d a be d a ica ab e.
O i C. i i e a ab e.
C ec A e i . i ha a ic abi i a d a be d a ica ab e.
E a a i . S a ic abi i i he a ai c af e i e i ib i ( i ed) a e. D a ic abi i i he abi i
f he ai c af e he di ba ce.

Q e i N be . 27. S abi i f a ai c af i .
O i A. he e de c f he ai c af e i igi a i ed i i af e ha i g bee di aced.
O i B. he e de c f he ai c af a a ai eed.
O i C. he abi i f he ai c af a e ab a a i .
C ec A e i . he e de c f he ai c af e i igi a i ed i i af e ha i g bee
di aced.
E a a i . S abi i i he e de c f he ai c af e i igi a i i af e bei g di aced.

Q e i N be . 28. The h ee a e c ce ed i h abi i f a ai c af ha e.

O i A. a a i h gh C f G. La e a a i - i g i i g i . L gi di a a i - e ai b
h gh C f G.
O i B. gi di a , a e a a d a a i a a i g h gh ai c af ce e fga i .
O i C. gi di a a i e ai , a e a a i a f he a i , a a i h gh ce e f
e e.
C ec A e i . gi di a , a e a a d a a i a a i g h gh ai c af ce e fga i .
E a a i . The gi di a , a e a a d a a i a a h gh he ai c af ' ce e fga i .

Q e i N be . 29. If a ai c af e a ii fe i ib i i i aid be.

O i A. ii e ab e.
O i B. e a ab e.
O i C. ega i e ab e.
C ec A e i . ii e ab e.
E a a i . If a ai c af i ii e ab e i i e i i ed ii .

Q e i N be . 30. The e d effec a high i g ai c af .

O i A. ha effec a e a abi i .
O i B. i c ea e a e a abi i .
O i C. dec ea e a e a abi i .
C ec A e i . i c ea e a e a abi i .
E a a i . Pe d effec a high i g ai c af i c ea e a e a abi i .

Q e i N be . 31. Af e a di ba ce i i ch, a ai c af c i e ci a e a c a a i de. I

i .
O i A. gi di a ab e.
O i B. gi di a e a ab e.
O i C. aea ab e.
C ec A e i . gi di a e a ab e.
E a a i . If a ai c af ci a e i i ch i h he ci a i i c ea i g dec ea i g i i gi di a e a
ab e.

Q e i N be . 32. O a ai c af i h a a - i g ai a e e i ch i ca ed b .
O i A. dec ea i g ai a e i cide ce.
O i B. i c ea i g ai a e i cide ce.
O i C. e e f he i ab.
C ec A e i . dec ea i g ai a e i cide ce.
E a ai . T ake he e i ch- , he ai a e d ad be i c ea ed. Thi i d e b dec ea i g i
i cide ce ( i c ea i g i ega i e i cide ce).

Q e i N be . 33. Wha gi e he ai c af di ec i a abi i ?.

O i A. Ve ica abi i e .
O i B. Ee a .
O i C. H i a abi i e .
C ec A e i . Ve ica abi i e .
E a a i . The e ica abi i e gi e he ai c af di ec i a abi i .

Q e i N be . 34. I f igh if he ai c af e ge a adg f i d, ha cha ac e i ic i ha e he

g ea e effec c e ac i ?.
O i A. Wi g S ee .
O i B. H i a abi i e a d f e age e g h.
O i C. P ii f he ce e f e e ea i e he ce e fga i .
C ec A e i . H i a abi i e a d f e age e g h.

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E a ai . L gi di a abi i i effec ed ai b he abi i e a d e g h f f e age behi d he C f G.

Q e i N be . 35. T c ec d ch da ci a i a d:.
O i A. he gi di a a i .
O i B. he a e a a i .
O i C. he e ica a i .
C ec A e i . he e ica a i .
E a a i . D ch R i a fig e f eigh ci a i a d he e ica a i .

Q e i N be . 36. A ee a i ab i ed .
O i A. c e ac e e e.
O i B. e e he c face f a i g he ai f .
O i C. ed ce c c f ce he i .
C ec A e i . ed ce c c f ce he i .
E a a i . See AC Ke de Cha e 9.

Q e i N be . 37. A high i g ai c af i be e.
O i A. aea ab e ha a i g ai c af .
O i B. gi di a ab e ha a i g ai c af .
O i C. di ec i a ab e ha a i g ai c af .
C ec A e i . aea ab e ha a i g ai c af .
E a ai . D e e d effec f he f e age, a high i g ai c af i be e aea ab e ha a i g
ai c af .

Q e i N be . 38. Af e a ai c af ha bee di bed f i aigh a d e e f igh , i e i igi a

a i de i h a a a f dec ea i g ci a i .The ai c af i .
O i A. a ica ab e b d a ica ab e.
O i B. a ica ab e b d a ica ab e.
O i C. a ica ab e a d d a ica ab e.
C ec A e i . a ica ab e a d d a ica ab e.
E a a i . S a ic abi i i he abi i f he ai c af e i i ed ii .D a ic abi i i he
abi i f he ai c af ci a e ab he i ed ii .

Q e i N be . 39. If he e i a i c ea e f de i , ha effec d he e be i ae d a ic
da e i g?.
O i A. Dec ea ed.
O i B. I c ea ed.
O i C. N e.
C ec A e i . I c ea ed.
E a a i . F igh f ce (a d he ce ae d a ic da e i g) a e a i c ea ed i h i c ea i g de i .

Q e i N be . 40. Ya i g i a ai a d.
O i A. he a e a a i b ai ed b he dde .
O i B. he a a i b ai ed b he dde .
O i C. he a a i b ai ed b he e e a .
C ec A e i . he a a i b ai ed b he dde .
E a a i . Ya i g i ai a d he a a i b ai ed b he dde .

Q e i N be . 41. La e a abi i i ed ced b i c ea i g.

O i A. dihed a .
O i B. ee back.
O i C. a hed a .
C ec A e i . a hed a .
E a a i . A hed a i a d ada d a di ci a i f he i g. I i ie dihed a .

Q e i N be . 42. A i h abi i i de e de .
O i A. dihed a .
O i B. kee a d fi .
O i C. ai a e.
C ec A e i . kee a d fi .
E a ai . A i h i a fa c df 'di ec i '.

Q e i N be . 43. S ee back f he i g i .
O i A. i c ea e a e a abi i a high eed .
O i B. affec a e a abi i .
O i C. i c ea e a e a abi i a a eed .
C ec A e i . i c ea e a e a abi i a a eed .
E a a i . 10 deg ee f ee back ide he a e effec a 1 deg ee f dihed a .

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Q e i N be . 44. If ha e a ai c af ha i e aea ab e he di ec i a ab e i i e d :
.
O i A. ba k.
O i B. i .
O i C. kid.
C ec A e i . kid.
E a a i . Skiddi g f i a ic f d ch ,e a e ica abi i e a e f e added c ec hi
(Ni d MR2).

Q e i N be . 45. A ce e f g a i ii c e i af i i i ca e he ai c af .
O i A. i ch ed a d i c ea e i gi di a abi i .
O i B. i ch e a d dec ea e i gi di a abi i .
O i C. i ch e a d i c ea e i gi di a abi i .
C ec A e i . i ch e a d dec ea ei gi di a abi i .
E a a i . AC Ke de age 145 a e ha a i ch i i c ea e AOA a d f he de abi i e he ai c af .

Q e i N be . 46. A ha e i g i e.
O i A. e ce i e a e a i abi i .
O i B. e ce i e gi di a abi i .
O i C. e ce i e a e a abi i .
C ec A e i . e ce i e a e a abi i .
E a ai . S e i g figh e ai c af f e ha e a hed a e g ea e a e, hich i eeded d e
e ce i e abi i .

Q e i N be . 47. Which c face ide a e a c ,a gi di a c a d

abi i ?.
O i A. R dde a .
O i B. Tai e .
O i C. Fa e .
C ec A e i . Tai e .
E a a i . Tai e aea i g ai a e a fi ed he T ad ".

Q e i N be . 48. If, af e a di ba ce, a ae a e i i ia e i e i ib i a e.

O i A. i ha e a abi i .
O i B. i ha a ic abi i a d a be d a ica ab e.
O i C. i i e a ab e.
C ec A e i . i ha a ic abi i a d a be d a ica ab e.
E a ai . Q e i a hi g ab e h i g a d ci a i g, i c d be d a ica ab e, e e h gh
i i a ica ab e.

Q e i N be . 49. Ya da e a e de ig ed .
O i A. e e d ch .
O i B. a i he i e he dde .
O i C. ed ce he effec f c abbi g d e c i d .
C ec A e i . e e d ch .
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 50. T ck de cc he .
O i A. a h ck a cc he b ad i f e i g.
O i B. a h ck a a i g cc he i b a d ii f a aigh i g.
O i C. he ai c af eache Mc i .
C ec A e i . he ai c af eache Mc i .
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 51. The aea a i i .

O i A. a aigh i e h gh he CG a igh a g e he gi di a a d a e a a i .
O i B. a aigh i e h gh he CG f e ai .
O i C. a aigh i e h gh he CG a a e a i e j i i g he i g i .
C ec A e i . a aigh i e h gh he CG a a e a i e j i i g he i g i .
E a a i . A aigh i e h gh he CG a a e a i e j i i g he i g i .

Q e i N be . 52. The ai fac hich affec gi di a abi i a e.

O i A. de ig f he f e age a d ii f he CG.
O i B. de ig f he ai a e a d ii f he CG.
O i C. de ig f he ai a e a d ii f he CG.
C ec A e i . de ig f he ai a e a d ii f he CG.
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 53. A a i g i ide ha ki d f S abi i ?.

O i A. Di ec i a .
O i B. La e a .

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O i C. L gi di a .
C ec A e i . Di ec i a .
E a a i . Ya i g i di ec i a abi i .

Q e i N be . 54. Whe e d fi d he a a i ?.
O i A. Th gh C f G a igh a g e gi di a a d a e a a i .
O i B. Ve ica h gh C fP.
O i C. I i e i h he i g i h gh C f G.
C ec A e i . Th gh C f G a igh a g e gi di a a d a e a a i .
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 55. Whe a ai c af i i a ide i a d i a i g he.

O i A. he fi i c ec he a i g i .
O i B. he effec i e kee a ea i ake he ac a f he i he di ec i f he ide i .
O i C. he dihed a i e e he a i .
C ec A e i . he effec i e kee a ea i ake he ac a f he i he di ec i f he ide i .
E a a i . Page 290 Mecha ic f F igh Ke de.

Q e i N be . 56. A a c e e ce f he C f G bei g c e i af i i .
O i A. he ick f ce a e e gi di a i be d e abi i .
O i B. he ick f ce i be high i f e a d af i ch, d e he high gi di a abi i .
O i C. he ick f ce he i chi g he ed i be e high.
C ec A e i . he ick f ce he i chi g he ed i be e high.
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 57. Wi h he C f G i f ad i i.
O i A. he cha ge i c adi g i de e da he ii f he C fP.
O i B. c adi g dec ea e .
O i C. c adi g i c ea e .
C ec A e i . c adi g i c ea e .
E a a i . NIL.

08.5.

Q e i N be . 1. A' g' i a i f.
O i A. a .
O i B. de i .
O i C. e.
C ec A e i . a .
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 2. A de ca iage eg i f igh d ce 3 b f d ag a 100k . If eed i i c ea ed 200k

he d ag d be.
O i A. 12 b .
O i B. 9 b .
O i C. 6 b .
C ec A e i . 12 b .
E a a i . P fi e d ag i e i hV a ed.

Q e i N be . 3. A a a i g de ice be e e a e.
O i A. a a eed j ab e a i g eed.
O i B. a a eed j be a i g eed.
O i C. a he a i g eed.
C ec A e i . a a eed j ab e a i g eed.
E a a i . NIL.

Q e i N be . 4. I c i e he eigh f a ae a e i dec ea i g a f e i ed. A a d

cc .
O i A. a a e eed.
O i B. a he a e eed.
O i C. a a highe eed.
C ec A e i . a a e eed.
E a ai . Sa eed i c ea e i h i c ea i g eigh .

Q e i N be . 5. The e f' ea i i g' i ed ce.

O i A. fi e d ag.
O i B. ki f ic i d ag.
O i C. i d ced d ag.
C ec A e i . fi e d ag.
E a a i . NIL.

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Q e i N be . 6. A heigh i c ea e , i h a g e f a ack a d eed c a .

O i A. if i e ai c a .
O i B. if I c ea e .
O i C. if dec ea e .
C ec A e i . if dec ea e .
E a a i . Tha i h a g ea e a g e f a ack i e i ed a highe a i de.

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Question No Corr. answer Question No Corr. answer Question No Corr. answer

1 .) A B C 20 .) A B C

2 .) A B C

3 .) A B C

4 .) A B C

5 .) A B C

6 .) A B C

7 .) A B C

8 .) A B C

9 .) A B C

10 .) A B C

11 .) A B C

12 .) A B C

13 .) A B C

14 .) A B C

15 .) A B C

16 .) A B C

17 .) A B C

18 .) A B C

19 .) A B C
Part 147 approved training organization

1.) The angle between the cord line of the profile and the longitudinal
axis of the aircraft is known as:
a) the angle of attack
b) the angle of deviation
c) the angle of incidence
2.) The angle between the cord line of the profile and the relative wind
is known as the angle:
a) dihedral
b) attack
c) incidence
3.) What happens with static pressure when the velocity of the airflow
increases in venturi tube?
a) Static pressure does not change.
b) Static pressure decreases.
c) Static pressure increases.
4.) A straight line drawn between the leading and trailing edge is called:
a) mean camber line
b) camber
c) cord line
5.) How does stalling speed vary with load factor:
a) it decreases inversely with the square root of the load factor
b) it increases proportionally with the square root of the load
factor
c) it increases proportionally with the load factor
6.) The height of the Tropopause is approximately 8 km over
a) The Nord Pole and Equator
b) The Equator and South Pole
c) The Nord and South Pole
7.) Which wing planform produces the lowest drag
a) rectangular
b) tapered
c) elliptical
Part 147 approved training organization

8.) Which statement is true relative to changing angle of attack:

a) An increase in angle of attack will increase drag
b) An increase in angle of attack will decrease the lift
coefficient
c) A decrease in angle of attack will increase drag
9.) Lift produced by an airfoil is the net force developed perpendicular
to:
a) the cord
b) the relative wind
c) the longitudinal axis of the aircraft
10.) Which statement relates to Bernoulli's principle?
a) For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.
b) An additional upword force is generated as the lower
surface of the wing deflects air downward.
c) Air traveling faster over the curved upper surface of an
airfoil causes lower pressure on the top surface.
11.) The resistance or skin friction of the air as it passes along the
surface of a wing is a type of:
a) Induced drag
b) Form drag
c) Parasite drag
12.) How can we calculate coefficient of drag?
a) Measured drag divided by measured lift.
b) measured drag divided by theoretical drag
c) measured drag multiplied by theoretical drag
13.) Normal shock wave leads
a) to a large decrease in static pressure behind the wave
b) to a small decrease in static pressure behind the wave
c) to a large increase in static pressure behind the wave
14.) The temperature of the airflow as it passes through an expansion
wave
a) Increases
b) Decreases
c) Remains the same
Part 147 approved training organization

15.) At speeds just above the MCR, the lift coefficient

a) Will start to increase
b) Will start to decrease
c) Will remain constant
16.) Which statement describes the relationship of the forces acting on
an aircraft in a constant power, constant airspeed descent?
a) Thrust is equal to drag , lift is equal to weight
b) Thrust is greater than drag, weight is greater than lift
c) Drag is greater than thrust, weight is smaller than lift
17.) The air particles in the laminar boundary layer:
a) move from one layer to another
b) sometimes move from one layer to another
c) do not move from one layer to another
18.) During the wing root stall the center of pressure moves
a) Aft of center of gravity
b) Forward of center of gravity
c) Does not move
19.) The directional stability depends on
a) Aircraft vertical tail only
b) Sweepback of the wing and vertical tail
c) Dihedral angle only
20.) Lateral stability is the stability of the aircraft around:
a) the lateral axis
b) the longitudinal axis
c) the vertical axis
Answers Name:
Mark: Date:
Review by:

Question No Corr. answer Question No Corr. answer Question No Corr. answer

1 .) A B C 19 .) A B C

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Part 147 approved training organization

1.) Mach number is:

a) the speed of aircraft divided by the speed of sound
b) the acceleration of an aircraft divided by the speed of sound
c) the altitude of aircraft divided by the speed of sound
2.) If the temperature increases, the speed of sound:
a) increases
b) decreases
c) stays the same
3.) Use of flaps results:
a) in increase of lift and drag
b) in decrease of lift and drag
c) in decrease of drag and increase of lift
4.) The angle between the cord line of the profile and the longitudinal
axis of the aircraft is known as:
a) the angle of attack
b) the angle of deviation
c) the angle of incidence
5.) As the angle of bank is increased, the vertical component of lift:
a) increases and the sink rate increases
b) decreases and the sink rate increases
c) increases and sink rate decreases
6.) The air is a mixture of
a) 78% nitrogen, 21% other gases and 1% of oxygen
b) 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen and 1% of other gases
c) 78% oxygen, 21% nitrogen and 1% of other gases
7.) If the angle of attack is increased above the stalling angle.
a) Lift and drag both decrease
b) Lift will decrease and drag will increase
c) Lift and drag will both increase
8.) At zero angle of attack, the pressure along the upper surface of a
symmetrical aerofoil section would be:
a) Greater than atmospheric pressure
b) Equal to atmospheric pressure
c) Less than atmospheric pressure
Part 147 approved training organization

9.) Which statement is true relative to changing angle of attack:

a) An increase in angle of attack will increase drag
b) An increase in angle of attack will decrease the lift
coefficient
c) A decrease in angle of attack will increase drag
10.) Which statement relates to Bernoulli's principle?
a) For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.
b) An additional upword force is generated as the lower
surface of the wing deflects air downward.
c) Air traveling faster over the curved upper surface of an
airfoil causes lower pressure on the top surface.
11.) How can we calculate coefficient of drag?
a) Measured drag divided by measured lift.
b) measured drag divided by theoretical drag
c) measured drag multiplied by theoretical drag
12.) Which are the main types of drag?
a) compressible drag, induced drag
b) induced drag, parasite drag
c) induced drag, parasite drag, compressible drag
13.) Slat is:
a) a moveable trailing edge of the wing
b) a moveable leading edge of the wing
c) a moveable surface at the end of fuselage
14.) With the flaps lowered, the stalling speed will
a) Increase
b) Decrease
c) remain the same
15.) Which statement describes the relationship of the forces acting on
an aircraft in a constant power, constant airspeed descent?
a) Thrust is equal to drag , lift is equal to weight
b) Thrust is greater than drag, weight is greater than lift
c) Drag is greater than thrust, weight is smaller than lift
16.) During the wing root stall the center of pressure moves
a) Aft of center of gravity
b) Forward of center of gravity
c) Does not move
Part 147 approved training organization

17.) The aircraft rotates around the center:

a) of lift
b) of pressure
c) of gravity
18.) When a supersonic airflow passes through a shock wave we have
sudden changes in:
a) density, pressure
b) density, pressure, temperature, velocity
c) density, pressure, temperature, velocity and mass
19.) Spoilers on the upper surface of the wing may be used on landing
a) To reduce the touchdown speed
b) To cause drag and increase the lift from the flaps
c) To reduce the lift and put more weight on wheels and for
aerodynamic braking
20.) The control surface which gives longitudinal control is
a) The rudder
b) The ailerons
c) The elevators
Answers Name:
Mark: Date:
Review by:

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18 .) A B C
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Part 147 approved training organization

1.) The induced drag is also affected by the:

a) aspect ratio
b) angle of dihedral
c) all of the above
2.) On which wing planform does the stall begin at the wingtip and
progress inward toward the wing root?
a) swept wing
b) elliptical wing
c) rectangular wing
3.) At zero angle of attack, the pressure along the upper surface of a
symmetrical aerofoil section would be:
a) Greater than atmospheric pressure
b) Equal to atmospheric pressure
c) Less than atmospheric pressure
4.) Slat is:
a) a moveable trailing edge of the wing
b) a moveable leading edge of the wing
c) a moveable surface at the end of fuselage
5.) Normal shock wave leads
a) to a large decrease in static pressure behind the wave
b) to a small decrease in static pressure behind the wave
c) to a large increase in static pressure behind the wave
6.) The temperature of the airflow as it passes through an expansion
wave
a) Increases
b) Decreases
c) Remains the same
7.) At speeds just above the MCR, the lift coefficient
a) Will start to increase
b) Will start to decrease
c) Will remain constant
Part 147 approved training organization

8.) Which statement describes the relationship of the forces acting on

an aircraft in a constant power, constant airspeed descent?
a) Thrust is equal to drag , lift is equal to weight
b) Thrust is greater than drag, weight is greater than lift
c) Drag is greater than thrust, weight is smaller than lift
9.) The air particles in the laminar boundary layer:
a) move from one layer to another
b) sometimes move from one layer to another
c) do not move from one layer to another
10.) What are two main types of stability:
a) static stability and lateral stability
b) lateral stability and directional stability
c) static stability and dynamic stability
11.) The directional stability depends on
a) Aircraft vertical tail only
b) Sweepback of the wing and vertical tail
c) Dihedral angle only
12.) Without circulation there is :
a) little lift
b) no lift
c) no drag
13.) What happens with dynamic pressure when the velocity of the
airflow decreases in the venturi tube?
a) Dynamic pressure decreases
b) Dynamic pressure does not change
c) Dynamic pressure increases
14.) The angle between the cord line of the profile and the longitudinal
axis of the aircraft is known as:
a) the angle of attack
b) the angle of deviation
c) the angle of incidence
15.) The angle between the cord line of the profile and the relative wind
is known as the angle:
a) dihedral
b) attack
c) incidence
Part 147 approved training organization

16.) What happens with static pressure when the velocity of the airflow
increases in venturi tube?
a) Static pressure does not change.
b) Static pressure decreases.
c) Static pressure increases.
17.) A straight line drawn between the leading and trailing edge is called:
a) mean camber line
b) camber
c) cord line
18.) The height of the Tropopause is approximately 8 km over
a) The Nord Pole and Equator
b) The Equator and South Pole
c) The Nord and South Pole
19.) If the angle of attack is increased above the stalling angle.
a) Lift and drag both decrease
b) Lift will decrease and drag will increase
c) Lift and drag will both increase
20.) On a geometrically twisted wing the camber of the profile is
constant across the span of the wing but the angle of incidence is:
a) constant across the wing span
b) greater at the root than at the tip
c) none of above
Answers Name:
Mark: Date:
Review by:

Question No Corr. answer Question No Corr. answer Question No Corr. answer

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Part 147 approved training organization

1.) As the angle of bank is increased, the vertical component of lift:

a) increases and the sink rate increases
b) decreases and the sink rate increases
c) increases and sink rate decreases
2.) Circulatory flow produces up-wash:
a) in front of the leading edge
b) behind the trailing edge
c) below the airfoil
3.) Dynamic stability refers to how the continuos motion of a body:
a) varies over displacement
b) varies over distance
c) varies over time
4.) The most common stall sensing devices are normally located:
a) on the upper surface of the wing
b) on the lower surface of the wing
c) at or near the wing leading edge
5.) Without circulation there is :
a) little lift
b) no lift
c) no drag
6.) A straight line drawn between the leading and trailing edge is called:
a) mean camber line
b) camber
c) cord line
7.) The air is a mixture of
a) 78% nitrogen, 21% other gases and 1% of oxygen
b) 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen and 1% of other gases
c) 78% oxygen, 21% nitrogen and 1% of other gases
8.) The maximum coefficient of lift corresponds to the:
a) maximum angle of attack
b) minimum angle of attack
c) max angle of incidence
Part 147 approved training organization

9.) Which statement relates to Bernoulli's principle?

a) For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.
b) An additional upword force is generated as the lower
surface of the wing deflects air downward.
c) Air traveling faster over the curved upper surface of an
airfoil causes lower pressure on the top surface.
10.) Lift produced by an airfoil is the net force developed perpendicular
to:
a) the cord
b) the relative wind
c) the longitudinal axis of the aircraft
11.) Which wing planform produces the lowest drag
a) rectangular
b) tapered
c) elliptical
12.) To maintain altitude, what must be done as Air Speed is reduced?
a) Reduce thrust
b) Deploy the speed brakes to increase drag
c) Increase angle of attack to maintain the correct lift force
13.) When a supersonic airstream passes through a normal shock
wave there is:
a) little change in airflow direction
b) huge change in airflow direction
c) no change in airflow direction
14.) The aircraft rotates around the center:
a) of lift
b) of pressure
c) of gravity
15.) When the wing tip stall occurs, pilots input to control the aircraft is
a) Not required due to aircraft nose down rotation
b) Not required due to aircraft nose up rotation
c) Required due to aircraft nose up rotation
16.) With the flaps lowered, the stalling speed will
a) Increase
b) Decrease
c) remain the same
Part 147 approved training organization

17.) For an aircraft climbing at a constant IAS the Mach number will
a) Increase
b) Decrease
c) Remain constant
18.) The turbulent boundary layer produces:
a) about two times less friction drag than laminar boundary
layer
b) about three times more friction drag than laminar
boundary layer
c) the same friction drag as the laminar boundary layer
19.) What are two main types of stability:
a) static stability and lateral stability
b) lateral stability and directional stability
c) static stability and dynamic stability
20.) The control surface which gives longitudinal control is
a) The rudder
b) The ailerons
c) The elevators
Answers Name:
Mark: Date:
Review by:

Question No Corr. answer Question No Corr. answer Question No Corr. answer

1 .) A B C 19 .) A B C

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3 .) A B C

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18 .) A B C
Question No Corr. answer Question No Corr. answer Question No Corr. answer

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Part 147 approved training organization

1.) The angle between the cord line of the profile and the longitudinal
axis of the aircraft is known as:
a) the angle of attack
b) the angle of deviation
c) the angle of incidence
2.) Mach number is:
a) the speed of aircraft divided by the speed of sound
b) the acceleration of an aircraft divided by the speed of sound
c) the altitude of aircraft divided by the speed of sound
3.) Dynamic stability refers to how the continuos motion of a body:
a) varies over displacement
b) varies over distance
c) varies over time
4.) The most common stall sensing devices are normally located:
a) on the upper surface of the wing
b) on the lower surface of the wing
c) at or near the wing leading edge
5.) A straight line drawn between the leading and trailing edge is called:
a) mean camber line
b) camber
c) cord line
6.) As the angle of bank is increased, the vertical component of lift:
a) increases and the sink rate increases
b) decreases and the sink rate increases
c) increases and sink rate decreases
7.) What happens with the Temperature in Stratosphere as the altitude
increases?
a) The Temperature remains at 0 degrees C
b) The temperature decreases to about -80 degrees C
c) The temperature increases
Part 147 approved training organization

8.) At zero angle of attack, the pressure along the upper surface of a
symmetrical aerofoil section would be:
a) Greater than atmospheric pressure
b) Equal to atmospheric pressure
c) Less than atmospheric pressure
9.) Which statement relates to Bernoulli's principle?
a) For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.
b) An additional upword force is generated as the lower
surface of the wing deflects air downward.
c) Air traveling faster over the curved upper surface of an
airfoil causes lower pressure on the top surface.
10.) The maximum coefficient of lift corresponds to the:
a) maximum angle of attack
b) minimum angle of attack
c) max angle of incidence
11.) Lift produced by an airfoil is the net force developed perpendicular
to:
a) the cord
b) the relative wind
c) the longitudinal axis of the aircraft
12.) Which statement is true relative to changing angle of attack:
a) An increase in angle of attack will increase drag
b) An increase in angle of attack will decrease the lift
coefficient
c) A decrease in angle of attack will increase drag
13.) The turbulent boundary layer produces:
a) about two times less friction drag than laminar boundary
layer
b) about three times more friction drag than laminar
boundary layer
c) the same friction drag as the laminar boundary layer
14.) When a supersonic airflow passes through a shock wave we have
sudden changes in:
a) density, pressure
b) density, pressure, temperature, velocity
c) density, pressure, temperature, velocity and mass
Part 147 approved training organization

15.) Slat is:

a) a moveable trailing edge of the wing
b) a moveable leading edge of the wing
c) a moveable surface at the end of fuselage
16.) When the spoilers are extended:
a) the lift is disturbed and the drag is increased
b) the lift is increased and the drag is decreased
c) the lift falls to zero and the drag is increased
17.) At speeds just above the MCR, the lift coefficient
a) Will start to increase
b) Will start to decrease
c) Will remain constant
18.) Wing fences are used to reduce
a) MCR
b) CL
c) The effects of the spanwise flow
19.) Longitudinal stability is given by
a) The wing dihedral
b) The horizontal tail
c) The ailerons
20.) What are two main types of stability:
a) static stability and lateral stability
b) lateral stability and directional stability
c) static stability and dynamic stability
ans[1] = "b";
ans[2] = "a";
ans[3] = "a";
ans[4] = "b";
ans[5] = "b";
ans[6] = "b";
ans[7] = "c";
ans[8] = "a";
ans[9] = "c";
ans[10] = "c";

explain[1]="Picture a side view of a swept wing aircraft. The wing tips are behind the wing root. Think, therefore, of
the lift on the wing tip holding the tail up. Lose the lift on the tips and what will happen?";
explain[2]="This question is much easier than it looks at first read. All wing types (straight, swept, delta etc.) increase
lift with an increase in angle of attack (up to the stall angle).";
explain[3]="Thickness ratio is a red herring. But you must learn the stall points for different types of wing platforms -
they differ greatly.";
explain[4]="The down-going wing has an increased lift due to an increas in angle of attack (due to the up flow of air).
This opposes the roll which is a stabilizing effect.";
explain[5]="A long slender wing (i.e. high Aspect Ratio) has a higher lift than a short stubby wing (low Aspect Ratio).
A delta wing is about as low Aspect Ratio as you can get (about 1:1 for concord for example).";
explain[6]="The properties of a standard day are related to sea level at latitude 45 degrees with absolutely dry air.";
explain[7]="Pressure decreases - sure! But the rate of decrease reduces with altitude. At 18000 ft, half the pressure is
lost already, and there is still another 40,000ft or so to go";
explain[8]="On most aircraft, the thrust-drag couple produces a nose up pitch moment (think of how low the thrust line
is on a Boeing). It is balanced by the Centre of Lift being behind the CG. So to correct a nose up moment, what force
do you need at the tail?";
explain[9]="Just one of those facts you have to learn - but it is quoted in just about every text book on the CAA reading
list.";
explain[10]="Do not get cofused between stalling angle and stalling speed. In a turn the vertical component of lift is
less, so to compensate the pilot must increase speed, but the stalling angle is a fixed quantity for any aerofoil,
regardless of any other factor.";

=========================================
ExamFor full explanations of all these questions, and for many more new and up-to-date questions, with
correct answers, full explanations, downloadable material and Tutorial Support, please visit
[Link]
Number:-2.

1. If gauge pressure on a standard day at sea level is 25 PSI, the absolute pressure is
a) 10.3 PSI
b) 43.8 PSI
c) 39.7 PSI

2. The C of G moves in flight. The most likely cause of this is

a) movement of passengers
b) movement of the centre of pressure
c) consumption of fuel and oils

3. The C of P is the point where

a) all the forces on an aircraft act
b) the three axis of rotation meet
c) the lift can be said to act

4. The three axis of an aircraft act through the

a) C of G
b) C of P
c) stagnation point

5. Pressure decreases
a) proportionally with a decreases in temperature
b) inversely proportional to temperature
c) Pressure and temperature are not related

6. As air gets colder, the service ceiling of an aircraft

a) reduces
b) increases
c) remains the same

7. What is sea level pressure?

a) 1013.2 mb
b) 1012.3 mb
c) 1032.2 mb

8. When the weight of an aircraft increases, the minimum drag speed

a) decreases
b) increases
c) remains the same

9. An aircraft will have

a) less gliding distance if it has more payload
b) more gliding distance if it has more payload
c) the same gliding distance if it has more payload

10. When an aircraft experiences induced drag

a) air flows under the wing spanwise towards the tip and on top of the wing spanwise towards the root
b) air flows under the wing spanwise towards the root and on top of the wing spanwise towards the tip
c) Neither a) or b) since induced drag does not caused by spanwise flow
=========================================
2
ans[1] = "c";
ans[2] = "c";
ans[3] = "c";
ans[4] = "a";
ans[5] = "b";
ans[6] = "b";
ans[7] = "a";
ans[8] = "b";
ans[9] = "c";
ans[10] = "a";

explain[1]="Absolute pressure = gauge pressure plus atmospheric pressure. Atmospheric pressure at seal level = 14.7
PSI.";
explain[2]="Unless the fuel tank is right on the aircraft Cof G, the consumption of fuel will always cause a shift in Cof
G.";
explain[3]="Just a definition";
explain[4]="Another definition!";
explain[5]="As temperature decreases, pressure increases - therefore they are inversely proportional.";
explain[6]="As air gets colder it gets denser. Lift increases (remember the lift equation has density) and the engines
produce more thrust - so it can climb higher.";
explain[7]="Learn the ISA sea level quantities, in all units.";
explain[8]="Sketch the drag - speed curve, with induced, profile and total drag. As aircraft weight increases, it must
produce more lift to support it. More lift = more induced drag. Now sketch the induced drag curve higher, and see
where the intersection with profile drag moves to.";
explain[9]="This may surprise you. A glider converts potential energy (ie height) into kinetic energy (ie speed) and
thus lift. More weight = more speed = more lift. The glide angles of a heavy glider is exactly the same as a light
glider. (But the increased speed means it covers the distance faster).";
explain[10]="The high pressure under the wing flows around the tip to the low pressure on top of the wing. The
resulting vortex is what causes induced drag. Since air is viscous it drags the air underneath the wing towards the tip,
and pushes the air on top of the wing towards the root.";

=========================================
Exam Number:-3.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1. At stall, the wingtip stagnation point

a) moves toward the lower surface of the wing
b) moves toward the upper surface of the wing
c) doesn’t move

2. How does IAS at the point of stall vary with height?

a) It is practically constant
b) It increases
c) It decreases

3. The rigging angle of incidence of an elevator is

a) the angle between the mean chord line and the horizontal in the rigging position
b) the angle between the bottom surface of the elevator and the horizontal in the rigging position
c) the angle between the bottom surface of the elevator and the longitudinal datum

4. What is the lapse rate with regard to temperature?

a) 1.98oC per 1000 ft
b) 1.98oF per 1000 ft
c) 4oC per 1000 ft

5. What happens to load factor as you decrease turn radius?

a) It increases
b) It decreases
c) It remains constant

6. If you steepen the angle of a banked turn without increasing airspeed or angle of attack, what will the aircraft do?
a) It will remain at the same height
b) It will sideslip with attendant loss of height
c) It will stall

7. An aircraft wing tends to stall first at

a) the tip due to a higher ratio thickness/chord
b) the tip due to a lower ratio thickness/chord
c) the root due to a higher ratio thickness/chord

8. Dihedral wings combat instability in

a) pitch
b) yaw
c) sideslip

9. To stop aircraft decreasing in height during a sideslip, the pilot can

a) advance the throttle
b) pull back on the control column
c) adjust the rudder position

10. What control surface movements will make an aircraft fitted with ruddervators yaw to the left?
a) Left ruddervator lowered, right ruddervator raised
b) Right ruddervator lowered, left ruddervator raised
c) Both ruddervators raised
=========================================
ans[1] = "a";
ans[2] = "a";
ans[3] = "a";
ans[4] = "a";
ans[5] = "b";
ans[6] = "b";
ans[7] = "c";
ans[8] = "c";
ans[9] = "a";
ans[10] = "a";

explain[1]="At stall the angle of attack is high (all along the wing) is positioned towards the lower surface of the
wing..";
explain[2]="The true airspeed at which an aircraft stalls increases with height due to a drop in density. However the
Indicated Airspeed decreases with height due to the same drop in density. Therefore there is practically no change in
stall speed with height..";
explain[3]="The angle of incidence of any surface is measured from the mean chord line.";
explain[4]="The lapse rate is approximately 2 degrees Centigrate per 1000 feet.";
explain[5]="Since the load factor increases in a turn, if you decrease the turn rate the load factor decreases.";
explain[6]="Increasing the angle of a banked turn without increasing the airspeed or angle of attack, the aircraft will
sideslip and lose height.";
explain[7]="The boundary layer separates at a lower angle of attack with a higher thickness/chord atio. Therefore it
will stall first at the root..";
explain[8]="As the aircraft sideslips, there is a greater angle of attack on the lower wing which increases lift,
straightens the aircraft and stops the sideslip.";
explain[9]="During a turn, extra speed is required to stop the aircraft sideslipping and decreasing in height.";
explain[10]="To make the aircraft yaw to the left, the left ruddervator is lowered, the right ruddervator is raised.";

=========================================
For full explanations of all these questions, and for many more new and up-to-date questions, with correct
answers, full explanations, downloadable material and Tutorial Support, please visit
[Link]
Exam Number:-4.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1. When a leading edge slat opens, there is a gap between the slat and the wing. This is
a) to allow it to retract back into the wing
b) to allow air through to re-energize the boundary layer on top of the wing
c) to keep the area of the wing the same

2. Which of the following is true?

a) Lift acts at right angles to the wing chord line and weight acts vertically down
b) Lift acts at right angles to the relative airflow and weight acts vertically down
c) Lift acts at right angles to the relative air flow and weight acts at right angles to the aircraft centre line

3. If the wing tips stall before the root on a swept wing aircraft, the aircraft will
a) roll
b) pitch nose up
c) pitch nose down

4. Lift on a delta wing aircraft

a) increases with an increased angle of incidence (angle of attack)
b) decreases with an increase in angle of incidence (angle of attack)
c) does not change with a change in angle of incidence (angle of attack)

5. On a straight wing aircraft, stall commences at the

a) root on a high thickness ratio wing
b) tip on a high thickness ratio wing
c) tip on a low thickness ratio wing

6. On a high wing aircraft in a turn

a) the up-going wing loses lift causing a de-stabilizing effect
b) the down-going wing gains lift causing a stabilizing effect
c) the down-going wing loses lift causing a de-stabilizing effect

7. For the same angle of attack, the lift on a delta wing

a) is greater than the lift on a high aspect ratio wing
b) is lower than the lift on a high aspect ratio wing
c) is the same as the lift on a high aspect ratio wing

8. The ISA
a) is taken from the equator
b) is taken from 45 degrees latitude
c) assumes a standard day

9. As altitude increases, pressure

a) decreases at constant rate
b) increases exponentially
c) decreases exponentially

10. The thrust-drag couple overcomes the lift-weight couple. What direction of force is required to be produced by
the tail of the aircraft to maintain straight and level flight?
a) Upwards
b) Downwards
c) Sideways
=========================================
ans[1] = "b";
ans[2] = "b";
ans[3] = "b";
ans[4] = "a";
ans[5] = "a";
ans[6] = "b";
ans[7] = "b";
ans[8] = "b";
ans[9] = "c";
ans[10] = "a";

explain[1]="The gap between the wing and the slat is to allow air from the lower surface through to the upper surface
to re-nergise it at high angles of attack.";
explain[2]="Lift acts at right angles to the relative airflow and weight acts vertically down.";
explain[3]="If the tips of a swept wing aircraft stall, the lift still acting at the roots, will pull the aircraft up..";
explain[4]="Lift (on any type of wing) increases with an increased angle of attack.";
explain[5]="Stall commences on a straight wing at the root (on any thickness ratio wing).";
explain[6]="The down going wing gains lift due to the uplflow, which stops the aircraft banking. This is the basic
mechanism of dynamic stability.";
explain[7]="For the same angle of attack, the lift on a delta wing is lower than the lift on a delta wing.";
explain[8]="The ISA is taken from 45 degrees latitude as an average of the World's atmospheric data.";
explain[9]="As altitude increases, pressure decreases exponentially. Since pressure is given by density x gravity x
height, both density and height decreases (that is, height above the point you are measuring) so the decrease in pressure
is exponential";
explain[10]="Since the thrust-drag couple is usually a nose-up couple (on low engined aircraft) then if the thrust-drag
couple overcomes the lift weight couple, the aircraft will pitch nose-up. The tail of the aircraft would have to produce
an upward force to counteract this..";

=========================================
Exam Number:-5.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1. When the pressure is half of that at sea level, what is the altitude?
a) 12,000 ft
b) 8,000 ft
c) 18,000 ft

2. During a turn, the stalling angle

a) increases
b) decreases
c) remains the same

3. The vertical fin of a single engined aircraft is

a) parallel with both the longitudinal axis and vertical axis
b) parallel with the longitudinal axis but not the vertical axis
c) parallel with the vertical axis but not the longitudinal axis

4. Aircraft flying in the transonic range most often utilize

a) sweptback wings
b) advanced supercritical airfoils
c) high wings

5. Which type of flap changes the area of the wing?

a) Fowler
b) Split
c) Slotted

6. Forward swept wings tend to stall at the root first so the aircraft retains lateral control, so why are they never used
on passenger aircraft?
a) Because the wing tips wash in at high wing loads
b) Because the wing tips wash out at high wing loads
c) Because at high loads their angle of incidence increases and the loads imposed on the wing can increase until
they destroy it

7. What happens to air flowing at the speed of sound when it enters a converging duct?
a) Velocity decreases, pressure and density increase
b) Velocity increases, pressure and density decreases
c) Velocity, pressure and density increase

8. As the angle of attack of an airfoil increases the centre of pressure

a) moves forward
b) moves aft
c) remains stationary

9. An aircraft, which is longitudinally stable, will tend to return to level flight after a movement about which axis?
a) Pitch
b) Roll
c) Yaw

10. Vapour trails from the wingtips of an aircraft in flight are caused by
a) low pressure above the wing and high pressure below the wing causing vortices
b) high pressure above the wing and low pressure below the wing causing vortices
c) low pressure above the wing and high pressure below the wing causing a temperature rise
=========================================
ans[1] = "c";
ans[2] = "c";
ans[3] = "a";
ans[4] = "a";
ans[5] = "a";
ans[6] = "c";
ans[7] = "c";
ans[8] = "a";
ans[9] = "a";
ans[10] = "a";

explain[1]="At 18000 feet the pressure is half of that at sea level.";

explain[2]="During a turn the stalling angle does not change. The stalling angle never changes providing the wing
section shape (CL) does not change. Do not get confused with stalling SPEED which increases as turn rate increases.";
explain[3]="The vertical fin is parallel with the longitudinal axis (when viewed from above) and parallel with the
vertical axis (when viewed from the front).";
explain[4]="Aircraft which fly in the transonic range most often use swept back wings.";
explain[5]="The fowler flap changes the area of the wing because it slides backwards as well as downwards.";
explain[6]="Forward swept wings are known as 'structurally divergent'. This means when they flex upwards, they
present more of their underside to the airflow which causes them to flex up even more - untill they break off.";
explain[7]="Air at the speed of sound will increase in velocity and due to the compressibility effect, will increase in
pressure and density also.";
explain[8]="As the angle of attack of the aerofoil increases, the centre of pressure moves forward.";
explain[9]="Longitudinal stability is around the pitch axis.";
explain[10]="Vapour trails are caused by wing tip vortices which are caused by low pressure above the wing and high
pressure below the wing.";

=========================================
For full explanations of all these questions, and for many more new and up-to-date questions, with correct
answers, full explanations, downloadable material and Tutorial Support, please visit
[Link]
Exam Number:-6.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1. Vortex generators on the wing are most effective at

a) high speed
b) low speed
c) high angles of attack

2. The chord line of a wing is a line that runs from

a) the centre of the leading edge of the wing to the trailing edge
b) half way between the upper and lower surface of the wing
c) one wing tip to the other wing tip

3. The angle of incidence of a wing is an angle formed by lines

a) parallel to the chord line and longitudinal axis
b) parallel to the chord line and the lateral axis
c) parallel to the chord line and the vertical axis

4. The centre of pressure of an aerofoil is located

a) 30 - 40% of the chord line back from the leading edge
b) 30 - 40% of the chord line forward of the leading edge
c) 50% of the chord line back from the leading edge

5. Compressibility effect is
a) drag associated with the form of an aircraft
b) drag associated with the friction of the air over the surface of the aircraft
c) the increase in total drag of an airfoil in transonic flight due to the formation of shock waves

6. Lateral control of an aircraft at high angle of attack can be maximised by using

a) fences
b) vortex generators
c) wing slots

7. Stall strips are always

a) made of metal
b) on the leading edge of a wing
c) fitted forward of the ailerons

8. Stall strips
a) cause the wing root to stall
b) cause the wing tip to stall
c) cause the wings to stall symmetrically

9. Due to the interference of the airflow on a high wing aircraft between the fuselage and the wings, the lateral
stability of the aircraft in a gusty wind situation will cause
a) the upper wing to increase its lift
b) the upper wing to decrease its lift
c) the lower wing to decrease its lift

10. Slats
a) reduce the stall speed
b) reduce the tendency of the aircraft to Yaw
c) decrease the aerofoil drag at high speeds
=========================================
ans[1] = "c";
ans[2] = "a";
ans[3] = "a";
ans[4] = "a";
ans[5] = "c";
ans[6] = "b";
ans[7] = "b";
ans[8] = "a";
ans[9] = "b";
ans[10] = "a";

explain[1]="Vortex generators on the wing are designed to re-energise the boundary layer at high angles of attack and
help prevent separation of the airflow";
explain[2]="The chord line is a STRAIGHT line which goes from the leading edge of the wing to the trailing edge of
the wing.";
explain[3]="The angle of incidence is the angle between the chord line and the longitudinal axis.";
explain[4]="The centre of pressure is positioned roughly 30 - 40 % of the chord line BACK from the leading edge.";
explain[5]="Compressibility effect is associated with an increase in drag during the transonic flight stage.";
explain[6]="At high angles of attack, the airflow over the ailerons can be separated from the surface. Vortex
generators, positioned just forward of the ailerons, are designed to re-energise the boundary layer and help to prevent
this separation. This makes the ailerons more effective at high angles of attack.";
explain[7]="Stall strips are fitted at the leading edge of the wing to ensure that the root of the wing stalls before the
tips.";
explain[8]="Stall strips are fitted at the leading edge of the wing to ensure that the root of the wing stalls before the
tips.";
explain[9]="In a gust, the aircraft may be forced to roll and sideslip away from the gust. In such a slideslip, the
fuselage shields the upper wing from some of the airflow. This reduces the lift on the upper wing which drops and
opposes the gust.";
explain[10]="Slats are designed to increase the lift at low speed, and hence decrease the stall speed.";

=========================================
Exam Number:-7.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1. What is the temperature lapse rate for aircraft flying below 36,000 feet altitude?

a) 1°C per 1000 feet

b) 3°C per 1000 feet
c) 2°C per 1000 feet

2. For a pressure of 25lbs/in² at sea level, what is the absolute pressure?

a) 39.7 lbs/in²
b) 49.7 lbs/in²
c) 10.3 lbs/in

3. An aircraft banks into a turn. No change is made to the airspeed or angle of attack. What will happen?
a) The aircraft enters a side slip and begins to lose altitude
b) The aircraft turns with no loss of height
c) The aircraft yaws and slows down

4. The relationship between induced drag and airspeed is

a) directly proportional to the square of the speed
b) inversely proportional to the square of the speed
c) directly proportional to speed

5. What is the definition of Angle of Incidence?

a) The angle the underside of the mainplane or tailplane makes with the horizontal
b) The angle the underside of the mainplane or tailplane makes with the longitudinal datum line
c) The angle the chord of the mainplane or tailplane makes with the horizontal

6. What is Boundary Layer?

a) Separated layer of air forming a boundary at the leading edge
b) Turbulent air moving from the leading edge to trailing edge
c) Sluggish low energy air that sticks to the wing surface and gradually gets faster until it joins the free stream
flow of air

7. The normal axis of an aircraft passes through

a) the centre of gravity
b) a point at the center of the wings
c) at the centre of pressure

8. On a high winged aircraft, what effect will the fuselage have on the up-going wing?
a) The up-going wing will have a decrease in angle of attack and therefore a decrease in lift
b) The down-going will have a decrease in angle of attack and therefore a decrease in lift
c) The up-going wing will have an increase in angle of attack and therefore a decrease in lift

9. What is the collective term for the fin and rudder and other surfaces aft of the centre of gravity that helps
directional stability?
a) Effective keel surface
b) Empennage
c) Fuselage surfaces

10. Temperature above 36,000 feet will

a) decrease exponentially
b) remain constant
c) increase exponentially
=========================================
ans[1] = "c";
ans[2] = "a";
ans[3] = "a";
ans[4] = "b";
ans[5] = "c";
ans[6] = "c";
ans[7] = "a";
ans[8] = "a";
ans[9] = "a";
ans[10] = "b";

explain[1]="Temperature lapse rate up to 36,000 feet (the tropopause) is approximately 2 degress centigrade per 1000
feet. Above the tropopause it is constant.";
explain[2]="Absolute pressure = gauge pressure + atmospheric pressure. Atmospheric pressure = 14.7 psi.";
explain[3]="When an aircraft banks and turns, some of the lift vector is used to turn the aircraft, therefore the aircraft
will lose altitude.";
explain[4]="Induced drag decreases proportionally with the square of the speed.";
explain[5]="Angle of incidence is the 'wing setting angle'. That is the angle of the chord of the mainplane or tailplane
with the horizontal - or aircraft centre line when in the rigging position.";
explain[6]="The boundary layer is the layer of air immediately in contact with the aircraft skin which is slowed down
by the skin friction.";
explain[7]="All the axis of the aircraft (normal, longitudinal and lateral) pass through the centre of gravity.";
explain[8]="The up-going wing of an aircraft in a turn or bank has a down-flow of air due to its movement. It therefore
has a decrease in angle of attack and a decrease in lift. This is the basic mechanism of dynamic stability.";
explain[9]="All the side surfaces aft of the centre of gravity which aid the directional stability are collectively called
the EFFECTIVE KEEL SURFACE.";
explain[10]="Temperature lapse rate up to 36,000 feet (the tropopause) is approximately 2 degress centigrade per 1000
feet. Above the tropopause it is constant.";

=========================================
For full explanations of all these questions, and for many more new and up-to-date questions, with correct
answers, full explanations, downloadable material and Tutorial Support, please visit
[Link]
Exam Number:-8.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. A decrease in incidence toward the wing tip may be provided to

a) prevent adverse yaw in a turn

b) prevent spanwise flow in maneuvers
c) retain lateral control effectiveness at high angles of attack

2. The angle of attack which gives the best L/D ratio

a) decreases with a decrease in density

b) in unaffected by density changes
c) increases with a decrease in density

3. For a given aerofoil production lift, where

P = pressure and V = velocity:

a) P1 is greater than P2, and V1 is greater than V2

b) P1 is less than P2 and V1 is greater than V2
c) P1 is greater than P2, and V1 is less than V2

4. Low wing loading

a) increases stalling speed, landing speed and landing run

b) increases lift, stalling speed and maneuverability
c) decreases stalling speed, landing speed and landing run

5. Due to the change in downwash on an untapered wing (i.e. one of constant chord length) it will

a) not provide any damping effect when rolling

b) tend to stall first at the root
c) not suffer adverse yaw effects when turning

6. True stalling speed of an aircraft increases with altitude

a) because reduced temperature causes compressibility effect
b) because air density is reduced
c) because humidity is increased and this increases drag

7. As a general rule, if the aerodynamic angle of incidence (angle of attack) of an aerofoil is slightly increased, the
centre of pressure will

a) never move
b) move forward towards the leading edge
c) move towards the tip

8. The "wing setting angle" is commonly known as

a) angle of incidence
b) angle of attack
c) angle of dihedral

9. On a very humid day, an aircraft taking off would require

a) a shorter take off run
b) a longer take off run
c) humidity does not affect the take off run

10. An aircraft is flying at 350 MPH, into a head wind of 75 MPH, what will its ground speed be?

a) 175 mph
b) 275 mph
c) 200 mph
=========================================
ans[1] = "c";
ans[2] = "b";
ans[3] = "c";
ans[4] = "c";
ans[5] = "b";
ans[6] = "b";
ans[7] = "b";
ans[8] = "a";
ans[9] = "b";
ans[10] = "b";

explain[1]="A decrease in incidence towards the wingtip (known as washout) causes the wing root to stall before the
wing tip. So, even after the wing roots have stalled, the wing tips are still flying and full aileron control is provided.";
explain[2]="Since the lift formula both contain density, L/D is unaffected with a change in density.";
explain[3]="Bernoulli's principle applies.";
explain[4]="Wing loading is aircraft weight divided by wing area, therefore an aircraft with a low wing loading will
require less landing speed, less landing run and have a decreased stalling speed.";
explain[5]="The change in downwash is referring to downwash which causes the root of the wing to stall before the
tip.";
explain[6]="Since lift provided by the wing reduces with density, the stalling speed increases with altitude due to the
decrease in altitude with density.";
explain[7]="As the angle of attack increases the centre of pressure moves towards the leading edge.";
explain[8]="The wing setting angle is commonly known as the 'angle of incidence'.";
explain[9]="Since water vapour wighs less than dry air, and it displaces dry air, the density on a humid day is less, and
an aircraft requires a longer take-off run.";
explain[10]="Ground speed = IAS minus headwind.";

=========================================
Exam Number:-9.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1. When does the angle of incidence change?

a) When the aircraft attitude changes

b) When the aircraft is ascending or descending
c) It never changes

2. As the angle of attack decreases, what happens to the centre of pressure?

a) It moves forward
b) It moves rearwards
c) Centre of pressure is not affected by angle of attack decrease

3. A decrease in pressure over the upper surface of a wing or aerofoil is responsible for

a) approximately 2/3 (two thirds) of the lift obtained

b) approximately 1/3 (one third) of the lift obtained
c) approximately 1/2 (one half) of the lift obtained

4. Which of the four forces act on an aircraft?

a) Lift, gravity, thrust and drag

b) Weight, gravity, thrust and drag
c) Lift, weight, gravity and drag

5. Which of the following types of drag increases as the aircraft gains altitude?

a) Parasite drag
b) Induced drag
c) Interference drag

6. Correcting for a disturbance which has caused a rolling motion about the longitudinal axis would re-establish
which of the following?

a) Lateral stability
b) Directional stability
c) Longitudinal stability

7. The layer of air over the surface of an aerofoil which is slower moving, in relation to the rest of the airflow, is
known as
a) camber layer
b) boundary layer
c) none of the above

8. What is a controlling factor of turbulence and skin friction?

a) Aspect ratio
b) Fineness ratio
c) Counter sunk rivets used on skin exterior

9. Changes in aircraft weight

a) will not affect total drag since it is dependant only upon speed
b) cause corresponding changes in total drag due to the associated lift change
c) will only affect total drag if the lift is kept constant

10. The aircraft stalling speed will

a) increase with an increase in weight

b) be unaffected by aircraft weight changes since it is dependant upon the angle of attack
c) only change if the MTMA were changed
=========================================
ans[1] = "c";
ans[2] = "b";
ans[3] = "a";
ans[4] = "a";
ans[5] = "b";
ans[6] = "a";
ans[7] = "b";
ans[8] = "c";
ans[9] = "b";
ans[10] = "a";

explain[1]="The angle of incidence is the angle at which the wing is 'set' into the fuselage. It never changes.";
explain[2]="The centre of pressure moves FORWARDS with an INCREASE in angle of attack. Therefore it moves
REARWARDS with a DECREASE in angle of attack.";
explain[3]="Look at a diagram of the lift distributions on the top and bottom surfaces of a wing. 2/3rds of the lift is
provided by the top surface.";
explain[4]="The four forces on an aircaft are lift, weight (gravity), thrust and drag.";
explain[5]="As density decreases with altitude, the lift must be compensated by increasing speed. Induced drag
increases with the square of the speed, therefore induced drag increases with altitude.";
explain[6]="The aircraft's response to rolling is lateral stability.";
explain[7]="The boundary is the layer of air in immediate contact with the skin of the aircraft which is slowed down by
skin friction.";
explain[8]="Countersunk rivets reduce skin friction and turbulence.";
explain[9]="A change in aircraft weight will require a change in lift. Increasing aircraft lift increases aircraft drag (lift
dependant drag). Total drag is induced drag plus parasite drag.";
explain[10]="With an increase in aircraft weight, the aircraft must fly with a greater angle of attack. Therefore it will
stall at a higher speed.";

=========================================
For full explanations of all these questions, and for many more new and up-to-date questions, with correct
answers, full explanations, downloadable material and Tutorial Support, please visit
[Link]
Exam Number:-10.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. In a bank and turn

a) extra lift is not required

b) extra lift is not required if thrust is increased
c) extra lift is required

2. To maintain straight and level flight on the aeroplane shown, with a decrease in tail-plane download the mainplane
lift would have to

a) remain constant
b) decrease
c) increase

3. To achieve the maximum distance in a glide, the recommended air speed is

a) as close to the stall as practical

b) as high as possible with VNE
c) the speed where the L/D ratio is maximum

4. If the C of G is aft of the Centre of Pressure

a) changes in lift produce a pitching moment which acts to increase the change in lift
b) when the aircraft sideslips, the C of G causes the nose to turn into the sideslip thus applying a restoring moment
c) when the aircraft yaws the aerodynamic forces acting forward of the Centre of Pressure

5. Porpoising is an oscillatory motion in the

a) pitch plane
b) roll plane
c) yaw plane

6. Directional stability is maintained

a) by the mainplanes, and controlled by the ailerons

b) by the tailplane, and controlled by the elevators
c) by the keel surface and fin, and controlled by the rudder

7. Due to the interference effects of the fuselage, when a high wing aeroplane sideslips

a) the accompanying rolling due to keel surface area is destabilizing

b) the accompanying lift changes on the wings produces a stabilizing effect
c) the accompanying rolling due to the fin is destabilizing

8. The power required in a horizontal turn

a) is greater than that for level flight at the same airspeed
b) must be the same as that for level flight at the same airspeed
c) is less than that for level flight at the same airspeed

9. A wing mounted stall sensing device is located

a) usually on the under surface
b) always at the wing tip
c) always on the top surface

10. For an aircraft in a glide

a) thrust, drag, lift and weight act on the aircraft
b) weight, lift and drag act on the aircraft
c) weight and drag only act on the aircraft
=========================================
ans[1] = "c";
ans[2] = "b";
ans[3] = "c";
ans[4] = "a";
ans[5] = "a";
ans[6] = "c";
ans[7] = "b";
ans[8] = "a";
ans[9] = "a";
ans[10] = "b";

explain[1]="In a bank and turn, extra lift is required and this is usually provided by increasing the thrust.";
explain[2]="Total lift is mainplane lift minus tailplane download. If the tailplane download decreases, the total lift
increases. Therefore to maintain straight and level flight the mainplane lift would have to decrease.";
explain[3]="The most efficient angle of attack is when the L/D ratio is a maximum. This is usually around 4 degrees.";
explain[4]="If the C of G is aft of the centre of pressure, an increase in lift will pitch the aircraft nose-up, which will
increase the lift even further etc. etc.";
explain[5]="Porpoising is an oscillatory motion in the pitch plane.";
explain[6]="Directional stability is maintained by the keel surface and the fin and controlled by the rudder.";
explain[7]="When a high wing aircraft sideslips, the upper wing is shielded from some of the airflow by the fuselage.
The upper wing's lift reduces, it drops and the aircraft opposes the sideslip.";
explain[8]="Since some of the lift vector is used to turn the aircraft, there will be a tendancy to reduce height. To
maintain height, power must be increased to compensate.";
explain[9]="A wing mounted stall sensing device is mounted just underneath the wing leading edge.";
explain[10]="For an aircraft in a glide, weight lift and drag act. The weight produces the forward motion.";

=========================================
Exam Number:-11.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1. The upper part of the wing in comparison to the lower

a) develops more lift

b) develops the same lift
c) develops less lift

2. What effect would a forward CG have on an aircraft on landing?

a) Increase stalling speed

b) No effect on landing
c) Reduce stalling speed

3. QNH refers to

a) Quite near horizon

b) setting the altimeter to zero
c) setting the mean sea level atmospheric pressure so an altimeter reads the aerodrome altitude above mean sea
level

4. QNE refers to

a) Setting an altimeter to read aerodrome altitude above sea level

b) Quite new equipment
c) setting the mean sea level atmospheric pressure in accordance with ICAO standard atmosphere i.e. 1013
millibars

5. An aspect ratio of 8 would mean

a) span 64, mean chord 8

b) mean chord 64 , span 8
c) span squared 64 ,chord 8

6. If an aircraft in level flight loses engine power it will

a) pitch nose up
b) pitch nose down
c) not change pitch without drag increasing

7. QFE is
a) sea level pressure
b) airfield pressure
c) difference between sea level and airfield pressure

8. The lift /drag ratio at stall

a) increases
b) decreases
c) is unchanged

9. On a straight unswept wing, stall occurs at

a) the thick portion at the wing root
b) the thick portion at the wing tip
c) the thin portion at the wing tip

10. During a climb from a dive

a) the thrust required is greater than required for level flight

b) the thrust required is lower than for level flight
c) the thrust required is the same as for level flight
=========================================
ans[1] = "a";
ans[2] = "a";
ans[3] = "c";
ans[4] = "a";
ans[5] = "a";
ans[6] = "b";
ans[7] = "b";
ans[8] = "b";
ans[9] = "a";
ans[10] = "b";

explain[1]="Look at the lift distribution diagram of an aerofoil and see how approximately 2/3rds of the lift is derived
from the top surface.";
explain[2]="A forward CG would require the tail of the aircraft to exert more download to keep the nose level. This
will increase the wing loading and thus the aircraft would stall at a higher speed.";
explain[3]="'Q' is the mathematical symbol for pressure. 'NH' stands for Nautical Height. QNH refers to the setting of
the mean sea level atmospheric pressure (i.e. 1013mb) so the altimeter indicates the altitude above mean sea level.";
explain[4]="'Q' is the mathematical symbol for pressure. 'NE' stands for Nautical Elevation. QNE refers to the setting
of sea level atmospheric pressure so the altimeter indicates the actual altitude above sea level of the non-standard day.";
explain[5]="Aspect Ratio is the ratio of the span to the chord.";
explain[6]="Assuming that the thrust-drag couple is a pitch-up couple (as it would be on a low engined aircraft) then
losing engine power will lose the pitch up moment so the aircraft will pitch nose down.";
explain[7]="'Q' is the mathematical symbol for pressure. 'FE' stands for Field Elevation. QFE refers to setting airfield
pressure so the altimeter indicates zero on the runway.";
explain[8]="At stall the lift drops drastically and drag increases. Therefore the lift/drag ratio decreases.";
explain[9]="On a straight unswept wing, the stall always occurs at the root. This is the preferred stall characteristic.";
explain[10]="Due to the speed and momentum gained during the dive, the aircraft will initially climb with less required
thrust.";

=========================================
For full explanations of all these questions, and for many more new and up-to-date questions, with correct
answers, full explanations, downloadable material and Tutorial Support, please visit
[Link]
Exam Number:-12.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. When power is off, the aircraft will pitch

a) nose down
b) nose up
c) trim level

2. Angle of attack on a down going wing in a roll

a) increases
b) decreases
c) unaffected

3. For any given speed, a decrease in aircraft weight, the induced drag will

a) increase
b) decrease
c) remain the same

4. The amount of lift generated by a wing is

a) greatest at the root
b) greatest at the tip
c) constant along the span

5. Induced Drag is

a) greatest towards the wing root and downwash is greatest at the tip
b) greatest towards the wing tip and downwash is greatest towards the root
c) greatest towards the tip and downwash decreases from tip to root

6. Induced Drag is

a) equal to profile drag at stalling angle

b) equal to profile drag at Vmd
c) never equal to profile drag

7. With an increase in aircraft weight

a) Vmd will be at the same speed

b) Vmd will be at a lower speed
c) Vmd will be at a higher speed

8. For a given IAS an increase in altitude will result in

a) no change in the value of induced drag

b) an increase in induced drag
c) an increase in profile drag

9. As the angle of attack of a wing is increased in level flight

a) the Cof G moves aft and the Cof P forward

b) the Cof P and transition point move forward
c) the Cof P moves forward and the stagnation point aft over the upper surface

10. Stall inducers may be fitted to a wing

a) at the tip to cause the root to stall first

b) at the root to cause the tip to stall first
c) at the root to cause the root to stall first
=========================================
ans[1] = "a";
ans[2] = "a";
ans[3] = "b";
ans[4] = "a";
ans[5] = "c";
ans[6] = "b";
ans[7] = "c";
ans[8] = "b";
ans[9] = "b";
ans[10] = "c";

explain[1]="Assuming that the thrust-drag couple is a pitch-up couple (as it would be on a low engined aircraft) then
losing engine power will lose the pitch up moment so the aircraft will pitch nose down.";
explain[2]="The downgoing wing experiences an upflow of air. This increases angle of attack and lift and thus
opposes the role. Ths is the basic mechanism of dynamic stability.";
explain[3]="Induced drag is 'lift dependant drag'. Less lift and there will be less induced drag. Decreasing the lift
decreases the induced drag.";
explain[4]="See a diagram of the lift distribution of the wing (viewed from the front) and you will see it is parabolic.
The wing tip vortices decrease the lift at the tips.";
explain[5]="Induced drag is associated with wintip vortices. The greater the vortices at the tip, the greater is the
induced drag.";
explain[6]="Sketch the drag curves (drag against speed). Induced drag decreases exponentially with speed. Profile
drag increases exponentially with speed. Vmd (minimum drag speed) is where they meet.";
explain[7]="Sketch the drag curves (drag against speed). Induced drag decreases exponentially with speed. Profile
drag increases exponentially with speed. The induced drag is elevated with weight (since it is lift dependant) and so
cuts the profile drag further to the right (higher Vmd)";
explain[8]="The lift required when an aircraft increases altitude is the same, so with a decrease in density the aircraft
must fly with a greater angle of attack (CL). Induced drag is dependant upon CL therefore induced drag increases with
altitude..";
explain[9]="As angle of attack increases in level flight, CofP moves forward and the Transition Point (the point at
which the laminar flow breaks away and forms into turbulent flow) also moves forward.";
explain[10]="Stall inducers (or stall strips) are placed at the root of the wing to trip up the airflow just before full stall
to ensure the wing stalls first at the root (and maintains the aileron authority even with a partially stalled wing).";

=========================================
Exam Number:-13.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. With increasing altitude pressure decreases and

a) temperature decreases at the same rate as pressure reduces

b) temperature decreases but at a lower rate than pressure reduces
c) temperature remains constant to 8000 ft

2. The Centre of Pressure is

a) the point on the chord line at which the resultant lift force may be said to act
b) the point of maximum pressure on the under surface of the wing
c) the centre of gravity of the wing

3. If the angle of attack is increased the Centre of Pressure will

a) move forward
b) move rearward
c) remain stationary

4. The optimum angle of attack of an aerofoil is the angle at which

a) the aerofoil produces maximum lift

b) the aerofoil produces zero lift
c) the highest lift/drag ratio is produced

5. A high aspect ratio wing has a

a) increased induced drag

b) decreased induced drag
c) decreased skin friction drag

6. Minimum total drag of an aircraft occurs

a) at the stalling speed

b) when profile drag equals induced drag
c) when induced drag is least

7. If the weight of an aircraft is increased, the induced drag at a given speed

a) will increase
b) will decrease
c) will remain the same

8. The transition point on a wing is the point where

a) the flow separates from the wing surface

b) the boundary layer flow changes from laminar to turbulent
c) the flow divides to pass above and below the wing

9. The boundary layer of a body in a moving airstream is

a) a thin layer of air over the surface where the air is stationary
b) a layer of separated flow where the air is turbulent
c) a layer of air over the surface where the airspeed is changing from free stream speed to zero speed

10. A laminar boundary layer will produce

a) more skin friction drag than a turbulent one

b) less skin friction drag than a turbulent one
c) the same skin friction drag as a turbulent one
=========================================
ans[1] = "b";
ans[2] = "a";
ans[3] = "a";
ans[4] = "c";
ans[5] = "b";
ans[6] = "a";
ans[7] = "a";
ans[8] = "b";
ans[9] = "a";
ans[10] = "b";

explain[1]="See a graph of pressure against altitude and temperature against altitude. Pressure decreases faster than
temperature therefore pressure has a greater effect upon the performance of the aircraft.";
explain[2]="The centre of Pressure is the point on the chord line at which the resultant lift force is said to act.";
explain[3]="If the angle of attack is increased the centre of pressure will move forwards.";
explain[4]="The optimum angle of attack is the angle at which the highest lift/drag ratio is produced.";
explain[5]="Induced drag decreases with increasing aspect ratio.";
explain[6]="Sketch the drag curves (drag against speed). Induced drag decreases exponentially with speed. Profile
drag increases exponentially with speed. Vmd (minimum drag speed) is where they meet.";
explain[7]="If weight is increased, for a given speed the aircraft must fly at a greater angle of attack (CL). Induced
drag increases with increased CL.";
explain[8]="The transition point is a point on the surface of the wing where the boundary layer changes from laminar to
turbulent.";
explain[9]="The boundary layer is a thin layer of stationary air in contact with the surface of the skin.";
explain[10]="Skin friction drag is greater in a turbulent boundary layer than in a laminar boundary layer.";

=========================================
Exam Number:-14.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Longitudinal stability is given by

a) the fin
b) the wing dihedral
c) the horizontal tailplane

2. Lateral stability is given by

a) the ailerons
b) the wing dihedral
c) the horizontal tailplane

3. Stability about the lateral axis is given by

a) wing dihedral
b) the horizontal tailplane
c) the ailerons

4. Sweepback of the wings will

a) increase lateral stability

b) decrease lateral stability
c) not affect the lateral stability

5. Dutch Roll is

a) a combined rolling and yawing motion

b) a type of slow roll
c) primarily a pitching instability

6. A high wing position gives

a) more lateral stability than a low wing

b) less lateral stability than a low wing
c) the same lateral stability as a low wing

7. On an aircraft in an unpowered steady speed descent

a) the lift equals the weight

b) the weight equals the drag
c) the weight equals the resultant of the lift and drag

8. When an aircraft rolls to enter a turn and power is not increased

a) the lift equals the weight
b) the lift is greater than the weight
c) the lift is less than the weight

9. The boundary layer is

a) thickest at the leading edge
b) thickest at the trailing edge
c) constant thickness from leading to trailing edges

10. The amount of thrust produced by a jet engine or a propeller can be calculated using

a) Newton’s 1st law

b) Newton’s 2nd law
c) Newton’s 3rd law
=========================================
ans[1] = "c";
ans[2] = "b";
ans[3] = "b";
ans[4] = "a";
ans[5] = "a";
ans[6] = "a";
ans[7] = "c";
ans[8] = "c";
ans[9] = "b";
ans[10] = "b";

explain[1]="The horizontal stabilizer (tailplane) provides longitudinal stability.";

explain[2]="The wing dihedral provides lateral stability.";
explain[3]="Stability about the lateral axis is longitudinal stability. The horizontal stabilizer (tailplane) provides
longitudinal stability.";
explain[4]="Wing sweepback increases the 'effective' dihedral of the wing (10 degrees of sweepback has the same
effect as 1 degree of dihedral) and therefore increases lateral stability.";
explain[5]="Dutch role is a combination of role and yaw.";
explain[6]="The pendulum effect produced by the fuselage of a high wing aircraft provides more lateral stability.";
explain[7]="In an unpowerd descent, the weight equals the resultant of the lift and the drag.";
explain[8]="When an aircraft roles into a turn and power is not increased, the lift is greater than the weight and the
aircraft will begin to descend.";
explain[9]="The boundary layer is thickest at the trailing edge.";
explain[10]="Newton's second law is Force = Mass x Acceleration.";

=========================================
For full explanations of all these questions, and for many more new and up-to-date questions, with correct
answers, full explanations, downloadable material and Tutorial Support, please visit
[Link]
Exam Number:-15.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1. An engine which produces an efflux of high speed will be

a) more efficient
b) less efficient
c) speed of efflux has no affect on the engine efficiency

2. When an aircraft with a Cof G forward of the Cof P rolls, the nose of the aircraft will

a) stay level
b) raise
c) drop

3. Directional stability may be increased with

a) pitch dampers
b) horn balance
c) yaw dampers

4. Lateral stability may be increased with

a) increased lateral dihedral

b) increased lateral anhedral
c) increased longitudinal dihedral

5. Longitudinal stability is increased if the

a) CP moves forward of the CG

b) Thrust acts on a line below the total drag
c) CG is forward of the CP

6. Wing loading is calculated by weight

a) divided by gross wing area

b) divided by lift
c) multiplied by gross wing area

7. Induced drag is

a) inversely proportional to the square of speed

b) proportional to speed
c) nothing to do with speed

8. In a bank, the weight is

a) increased
b) decreased
c) the same

9. L/D ratio is

a) higher at supersonic cruise speed

b) higher at sub sonic speed
c) the same

10. The power required at low altitude for a given IAS is

a) the same as at high altitude
b) higher
c) lower
=========================================
ans[1] = "b";
ans[2] = "c";
ans[3] = "c";
ans[4] = "a";
ans[5] = "c";
ans[6] = "a";
ans[7] = "a";
ans[8] = "c";
ans[9] = "b";
ans[10] = "a";

explain[1]="A pure turbojet accelerates a low mass of air at a high rate and is less efficient than a turbo fan or turbo
prop.";
explain[2]="Since the weight-lift couple is a nose down moment, a reduction of the lift (when the aircraft roles some of
the lift vector is used to turn the aircraft) will cause the nose to rise.";
explain[3]="Yaw dampers increase directional stability.";
explain[4]="Lateral dihedral increases lateral stability. (BTW: Longitudinal stability is the difference between
mainplane and tailplane angles of incidence)";
explain[5]="If the CG is forward of the CP it will have a nose-down tendancy which makes the aircraft less likely to
stall and therefore it will have more longitudinal stability.";
explain[6]="Wing loading is weight divided by wing area and measured in Newtons per square metre.";
explain[7]="Induced drag is inversely proportional to the square of the speed - i.e. it reduces with the square of the
speed.";
explain[8]="The weight is not changed unless you throw something out of the aircraft.";
explain[9]="Because drag increases in thew supersonic range the lift/drag ratio will be higher at subsonic speed.";
explain[10]="Since drag is the same at all altitudes , the power required is the same at all altitudes.";

=========================================
Exam Number:-16.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1. If the stall speed is 75 knots what is the same stall speed in mph

a) 75 x 0.87
b) 75 / 0.87
c) 75 / 0.87 x relative density

2. As the angle of attack increases the stagnation point

a) moves towards the upper surface

b) moves towards the lower surface
c) does not move

3. The term pitch-up is due to

a) compressibility effect
b) ground effect
c) longitudinal instability

4. In a steady climb at a steady IAS, the TAS is

a) more than IAS

b) less than IAS
c) the same

5. An untapered wing will

a) have no yaw effect in banking

b) have no change in induced drag in the bank
c) stall at the root first

6. With the ailerons away from the neutral, induced drag is

a) unchanged but profile drag is higher

b) higher on the lower wing plus profile drag increases
c) higher on the upper wing plus profile drag increases

7. The lift drag ratio is

a) higher at mach numbers above supersonic

b) higher at sub sonic mach numbers
c) the same

8. The force opposing thrust is

a) drag
b) lift
c) Weight

9. Directional stability is about the

a) normal axis
b) longitudinal axis
c) lateral axis

10. Lateral stability is about the

a) longitudinal axis
b) normal axis
c) vertical axis
=========================================
ans[1] = "b";
ans[2] = "b";
ans[3] = "a";
ans[4] = "a";
ans[5] = "c";
ans[6] = "c";
ans[7] = "b";
ans[8] = "a";
ans[9] = "a";
ans[10] = "a";

explain[1]="MPH = Knots/0.87 and Knots = MPH x 1.15.";

explain[2]="The stagnation point is the stationary air at the leading edge of the wing. As the angle of attack increases
the stagnation point moves towards the lower surface.";
explain[3]="'Pitch-up' is a term given to the instability caused by the compressibility effect in the transonic range.";
explain[4]="IAS is a function of density. If density reduces with altitude, the TAS must increase if the aircraft
maintntains a steady IAS.";
explain[5]="The straight wing will always stall at the root first. This is the desired stall characteristic.";
explain[6]="Induced drag is 'lift dependant drag'. The upper wing has more lift and hence more induced drag. It also
has more profile drag due to the aileron's protrusion into the airflow.";
explain[7]="Since drag is higher in supersonic flight, the Lift/Drag ratio will be higher at sub-sonic speeds.";
explain[8]="The force opposing thrust is drag.";
explain[9]="Directional stability is stability about the normal axis.";
explain[10]="Lateral stability is stability about the longitudinal axis.";

=========================================
Exam Number:-17.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1. All the lift can be said to act through the

a) centre of pressure
b) centre of gravity
c) normal axis

2. Longitudinal stability is provided by the

a) horizontal stabilizer
b) vertical stabilizer
c) mainplane

3. The concept of thrust is explained by

a) Newton’s 1st law

b) Newton’s 3rd law
c) Bernoulli’s theorem

4. The camber of an aerofoil section is

a) the curvature of the median line of the aerofoil

b) the angle of incidence towards the tip of a wing
c) the angle which the aerofoil makes with the relative airflow

5. If the aircraft turns and side-slips

a) the sweepback of the wing will correct the sideslip

b) the dihedral of the wing will correct the sideslip
c) the keel surface will correct the sideslip

6. Movement of an aircraft about its lateral axis

a) is pitching
b) is rolling
c) is yawing

7. Induced drag

a) is caused by skin friction

b) results from disturbed airflow in the region of mainplane attachments
c) is associated with the lift generated by an aerofoil

8. The centre of pressure is

a) the point on the chord line through which the total resultant lift force on the aerofoil may be said to act
b) the point of maximum pressure on the undersurface of a mainplane
c) the point at which the four forces acting on an aircraft are said to act

9. At what altitude is tropopause

a) 63,000 ft.
b) 36,000 ft.
c) 57,000 ft.

10. What approximate percentage of oxygen is in the atmosphere

a) 12%
b) 21%
c) 78%
=========================================
ans[1] = "a";
ans[2] = "a";
ans[3] = "b";
ans[4] = "a";
ans[5] = "b";
ans[6] = "a";
ans[7] = "c";
ans[8] = "a";
ans[9] = "b";
ans[10] = "b";

explain[1]="All the lift is said to act through the centre of pressure.";

explain[2]="Longitudinal stability is provided by the horizontal stabiliser (tailplane).";
explain[3]="Newton's Third Law states 'Every action has an equal and opposite reaction'.";
explain[4]="Aerofoil camber is the curvature of the median line of the aerofoil.";
explain[5]="As the aircraft turns and sideslips the dihedral of the wing will correct the sideslip due to the increased lift
on the downgoing wing.";
explain[6]="Movement of an aircraft about its lateral axis is 'pitching'.";
explain[7]="Induced drag is often called 'lift dependant drag' because it increases with increasing lift.";
explain[8]="The C of P is the point at which the sum of all the forces on the aircraft can be said to act.";
explain[9]="The tropopause is 36,000 ft. Above the tropopause is the troposphere.";
explain[10]="21% oxygen, 78% nitrogen, 1% other gases.";

=========================================
For full explanations of all these questions, and for many more new and up-to-date questions, with correct
answers, full explanations, downloadable material and Tutorial Support, please visit
[Link]
Exam Number:-18.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1. Which has the greater density

a) air at low altitude

b) air at high altitude
c) it remains constant

2. As air flows over the upper cambered surface of an aerofoil, what happens to velocity and pressure?

a) Velocity decreases, pressure decreases

b) Velocity increases, pressure increases
c) Velocity increases, pressure decreases

3. What is the force that tends to pull an aircraft down towards the earth?

a) Drag
b) Thrust
c) Weight

4. Which of the following act in opposition to forward movement?

a) Lift
b) Gravity
c) Drag

5. The angle at which the chord line of the aerofoil is presented to the airflow is known as

a) angle of attack
b) angle of incidence
c) resultant

6. The imaginary straight line which passes through an aerofoil section from leading edge to trailing edge is called

a) centre of pressure
b) the direction of relative airflow
c) the chord line

7. What is the angle between the chord line of the wing, and the longitudinal axis of the aircraft, known as
a) angle of attack
b) angle of incidence
c) angle of dihedral

8. An aircraft disturbed from its normal flight path, and automatically returns to that normal flight path, without any
action on the part of the pilot is known as
a) aircraft stability
b) aircraft instability
c) aircraft stall

9. Directional control is provided by

a) horizontal stabilizer
b) rudder
c) elevator

10. About which axis of the aircraft does a rolling motion take place?

a) Normal axis
b) Longitudinal axis
c) Lateral axis
=========================================
ans[1] = "a";
ans[2] = "c";
ans[3] = "c";
ans[4] = "c";
ans[5] = "a";
ans[6] = "c";
ans[7] = "b";
ans[8] = "a";
ans[9] = "b";
ans[10] = "b";

explain[1]="Air density reduces with altitude.";

explain[2]="As airflows over the upper cambered surface of an aerofoil, velcity increases and pressure decreases. This
is Bernoulli's effect.";
explain[3]="Weight tends to pull the aircraft down towards the earth.";
explain[4]="Drag is opposition to forward movement.";
explain[5]="Angle of Attack is the angle at which the chord line of the aerofoil is presented to the airflow.";
explain[6]="The Chord Line is the imaginary straight line which passes through the aerofoil from leading edge to
trailing edge.";
explain[7]="Angle of incidence is the angle between the chord line of the wing and the longitudinal axis of the
aircraft.";
explain[8]="Stability is the aircraft's ability for the aircraft to return to its normal flightpath after being disturbed.";
explain[9]="The rudder provides directional control.";
explain[10]="Rolling takes place about the longitudinal axis.";

=========================================
Exam Number:-19.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1. Which motion happens about the lateral axis?

a) Pitching
b) Yawing
c) Rolling

2. Wing tip vortices create a type of drag known as

a) form drag
b) induced drag
c) profile drag

3. Which of the following describes the “Empennage”?

a) Nose section of an aircraft, including the cockpit

b) Tail section of the aircraft, including fin, rudder, tail plane and elevators
c) The wings, including the ailerons

4. At what altitude does stratosphere commence approximately?

a) Sea level
b) 63,000 ft
c) 36,000 ft

5. When an aircraft is in straight and level unaccelerated flight, which of the following is correct?

a) Lift and weight are equal, and thrust and drag are equal
b) Lift greater than weight, and thrust greater than drag
c) Lift greater than weight, and thrust is less than drag

6. As the angle of attack is increased (up to the stall point), which of the following is correct?

a) Pressure difference between top and bottom of the wing increases

b) Lift increases
c) Both a) and b) are correct

7. The fin gives stability about which axis?

a) Lateral axis
b) Normal axis
c) Longitudinal axis

8. What is the horizontal movement of the nose of the aircraft called?

a) Rolling movement
b) Pitching movement
c) Yawing movement

9. What type of drag, depends on the smoothness of the body, and surface area over which the air flows?
a) Parasite drag
b) Form drag
c) Skin friction drag

10. If the nose of the aircraft is rotated about its lateral axis, what is its directional movement?

a) Turning to the left or right

b) Rolling or banking to the left or right
c) Climbing or diving
=========================================
ans[1] = "a";
ans[2] = "b";
ans[3] = "b";
ans[4] = "b";
ans[5] = "a";
ans[6] = "c";
ans[7] = "b";
ans[8] = "c";
ans[9] = "c";
ans[10] = "c";

explain[1]="Pitching is movement about the lateral axis.";

explain[2]="Induced drag is associated with wingtip vortices.";
explain[3]="'Empannage' is the whole tail of the aircraft including fin, rudder, tailplane and elevator.";
explain[4]="The stratosphere is above 63,000 ft.";
explain[5]="In straight and level unaccelerated flight, lift equals weight and thrust equals drag.";
explain[6]="As the angle of attack is increased the pressure difference between the upper and lower surfaces of the
wing is increased. This causes the lift to increase.";
explain[7]="The fin gives stability about the normal axis.";
explain[8]="Horizontal movement of the nose of the aircraft is 'yawing'.";
explain[9]="Skin friction drag depends upon the smoothness of the body and the surface area.";
explain[10]="For an aircraft to climb or dive it must be rotated about ts lateral axis.";

=========================================
Exam Number:-20.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1. When air flow velocity over an upper cambered surface of an aerofoil decreases, what takes place?

a) Pressure increases, lift decreases

b) Pressure increases, lift increases
c) Pressure decreases, lift increases

2. When an aircraft stalls

a) lift and drag increase

b) lift increases and drag decreases
c) lift decreases and drag increases

3. Wing loading is

a) the maximum all up weight multiplied by the total wing area

b) the maximum all up weight divided by the total wing area
c) the ratio of the all up weight of the aircraft to its basic weight

4. An aircraft wing with an aspect ration of 6:1 is proportional so that

a) the mean chord is six times the thickness

b) the wing span is six times the mean chord
c) the wing area is six times the span

5. Upward and outward inclination of a mainplane is termed

a) sweep
b) dihedral
c) stagger

6. The function of an aircraft fin

a) is to provide stability about the normal axis

b) is to provide directional control
c) is to provide straight airflow across the rudder

7. Movement of an aircraft about its normal axis

a) is pitching
b) is rolling
c) is yawing

8. A pressure of one atmosphere is equal to

a) 14.7 psi
b) 100 millibar
c) 1 inch Hg.

9. The millibar is a unit of

a) atmospheric temperature
b) pressure altitude
c) barometric pressure

10. With an increase in altitude under I.S.A. conditions the temperature in the troposphere

a) increases
b) decreases
c) remains constant
=========================================
ans[1] = "a";
ans[2] = "c";
ans[3] = "b";
ans[4] = "b";
ans[5] = "b";
ans[6] = "a";
ans[7] = "c";
ans[8] = "a";
ans[9] = "c";
ans[10] = "c";

explain[1]="When airflow velocity over the upper cambered surface of an aerofoil DECREASES, the pressure
increases and thus the lift decreases.";
explain[2]="When an aircraft stalls the drag increases and the lift decreases.";
explain[3]="Wing Loading is maximum all-up-weight divided by wing area. Measured in Newtons per Square
Metre.";
explain[4]="If aspect ratio is 6:1 the wing span is 6 times the mean chord.";
explain[5]="Upward and outward inclination of a mainplane is termed dihedral.";
explain[6]="The function of the aicraft fin is to provide stability about the normal axis.";
explain[7]="'yawing' is movement of the aircraft about its normal axis.";
explain[8]="One atmosphere is 14.7 psi.";
explain[9]="Barometric pressure is measured in millibar.";
explain[10]="Temperature is constant in the troposphere.";

=========================================
For full explanations of all these questions, and for many more new and up-to-date questions, with correct
answers, full explanations, downloadable material and Tutorial Support, please visit
[Link]
Exam Number:-21.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1. Which of the following forces act on an aircraft in level flight?

a) Lift, thrust, and weight

b) Lift, thrust, weight, and drag
c) Lift, drag, thrust

2. When an aircraft is banked, the horizontal component of the lift

a) will tend to make the aircraft follow a circular path

b) will oppose the tendency of the aircraft to follow a circular path
c) will oppose the weight thus requiring more total lift in the turn

3. If, after a disturbance, an aeroplane initially returns to its equilibrium state

a) it has neutral stability

b) it has static stability and may be dynamically stable
c) it is neutrally unstable

4. Stability of an aircraft is

a) the tendency of the aircraft to return to its original trimmed position after having been displaced
b) the ability of the aircraft to rotate about an axis
c) the tendency of the aircraft to stall at low airspeeds

5. With reference to altimeters QFE is

a) setting aerodrome atmospheric pressure so that an altimeter reads zero on landing and take off
b) quite fine equipment
c) the manufacturers registered name

6. Under the ICAO “Q” code there are which three settings?

a) QFE , QNH , QNE

b) QEF , QNH , QEN
c) QE , QN , QQE

7. Wing loading is

a) GROSS WEIGHT divided by GROSS WING AREA

b) WING AREA x WING CHORD
c) the ultimate tensile strength of the wing

8. The three axes concerned with stability of an aircraft have

a) normal axis through C of G. Lateral axis - wing tip to wing tip. Longitudinal axis - nose to tail but not through C
of G
b) longitudinal, lateral and normal axis all passing through aircraft centre of gravity
c) longitudinal axis nose to tail, lateral axis at furthest span point, normal axis through centre of pressure

9. A barometer indicates

a) pressure
b) density
c) temperature

10. If an aircraft returns to a position of equilibrium it is said to be

a) negatively stable
b) neutrally stable
c) positively stable
=========================================
ans[1] = "b";
ans[2] = "a";
ans[3] = "b";
ans[4] = "a";
ans[5] = "a";
ans[6] = "a";
ans[7] = "a";
ans[8] = "b";
ans[9] = "a";
ans[10] = "c";

explain[1]="Lift, thrust, weight and drag act on an aircraft in level flight.";

explain[2]="When an aircraft is banked, the horizontal component of lift makes the aircraft follow a circular path.";
explain[3]="Static stability is when an aircraft returns to its equilibrium (trimmed) state. Dynamis stability is the
ability of the aircraft to oppose the disturbance";
explain[4]="Stability is the tendancy for the aircraft to return to its original position after being displaced.";
explain[5]="Q is the mathematical symbol for pressure. FE stands for Filed Elevation. QFE regfers to setting the
altimeter to aerodrome atmospheric pressure so the altimeter reads zero on landing and takeoff.";
explain[6]="The ICAO 'Q' codes are QFE. QNE, QNH.";
explain[7]="Wing loading is gross weight divided by wing area measured in Newtons per Square Metre.";
explain[8]="The longitudinal, lateral and normal axis all pass through the aircraft's centre of gravity.";
explain[9]="A barameter indicates pressure.";
explain[10]="If an aircraft is positively stable it will return to its trimmed position.";

=========================================
Exam Number:-22.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1. The pendulum effect on a high wing aircraft

a) increases lateral stability

b) decreases lateral stability
c) has no effect on lateral stability

2. The amount of water vapour in the air (humidity holding capacity of the air) is

a) greater on a colder day, and lower on a hotter day

b) greater on a hotter day and lower on a colder day
c) doesn't have a significant difference

3. Weight is equal to

a) volume x gravity
b) mass x acceleration
c) mass x gravity

4. Induced Drag

a) increases with an increase in speed

b) reduces with an increase in angle of attack
c) increases with increase in aircraft weight

5. Airflow over the upper surface of the wing generally

a) flows towards the root

b) flows towards the tip
c) flows straight from leading edge to trailing edge

6. With an increase in aspect ratio for a given ISA, induced drag will

a) remain constant
b) increase
c) reduce

7. With increasing altitude the angle at which a wing will stall

a) remains the same

b) reduces
c) increases

8. If the density of the air is increased, the lift will

a) increase
b) decrease
c) remain the same

9. All the factors that affect the lift produced by an aerofoil are

a) angle of attack, air density, velocity, wing area

b) angle of attack, air temperature, velocity, wing area
c) angle of attack, velocity, wing area, aerofoil shape, air density

10. A wing section suitable for high speed would be

a) thick with high camber
b) thin with high camber
c) thin with little or no camber
=========================================
ans[1] = "a";
ans[2] = "b";
ans[3] = "b";
ans[4] = "c";
ans[5] = "b";
ans[6] = "c";
ans[7] = "a";
ans[8] = "a";
ans[9] = "c";
ans[10] = "c";

explain[1]="Pendulum effect on a high wing aircraft increases lateral stability.";

explain[2]="The amount of water vapour in the air is greater on a hotter day.";
explain[3]="Weight = mass x gravity.";
explain[4]="Induced drag increase with aircraft weight because it is 'lift dependant drag'.";
explain[5]="Due to wing tip vortices there is a general flow of air from tip to root on the top surface, and root to tip on
the lower surface.";
explain[6]="A long slender wing (high aspect ratio) has a high induced drag.";
explain[7]="The angle at which a wing stalls does not chang - only the stall speed changes.";
explain[8]="See the formula for lift. Lift is directly proportional to air density.";
explain[9]="Lift formula is CL (includes aerofoil shape and angle of attack) x 1/2 x air density x velocity squared.";
explain[10]="A high speed wing is this with little or no camber.";

=========================================
For full explanations of all these questions, and for many more new and up-to-date questions, with correct
answers, full explanations, downloadable material and Tutorial Support, please visit
[Link]
Exam Number:-23.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1. The induced drag of an aircraft

a) increases with increasing speed

b) increases if aspect ratio is increased
c) decreases with increasing speed

2. As the speed of an aircraft increases the profile drag

a) increases
b) decreases
c) decreases at first then increase

3. The stagnation point on an aerofoil is the point where

a) the suction pressure reaches a maximum

b) the boundary layer changes from laminar to turbulent
c) the airflow is brought completely to rest

4. After a disturbance in pitch, an aircraft continues to oscillate at constant amplitude. It is

a) longitudinally unstable
b) longitudinally neutrally stable
c) laterally unstable

5. On an aircraft with an all-moving tailplane nose up pitch is caused by

a) increasing tailplane incidence

b) decreasing tailplane incidence
c) up movement of the trim tab

6. The stalling of an aerofoil is affected by the

a) airspeed
b) angle of attack
c) transition speed

7. What gives the aircraft directional stability?

a) Vertical stabiliser
b) Horizontal stabiliser
c) Elevators

8. The most fuel efficient of the following types of engine is the

a) rocket
b) turbo-jet engine
c) turbo-fan engine

9. The quietest of the following types of engine is the

a) rocket
b) turbo-jet engine
c) turbo-fan engine

10. Forward motion of a glider is provided by

a) the engine
b) the weight
c) the drag
=========================================
ans[1] = "c";
ans[2] = "a";
ans[3] = "c";
ans[4] = "b";
ans[5] = "b";
ans[6] = "b";
ans[7] = "a";
ans[8] = "c";
ans[9] = "c";
ans[10] = "b";

explain[1]="Induced drag decreases with increasing speed.";

explain[2]="Profile drag increases with increasing speed.";
explain[3]="The stagnation point on the aerofoil is the point where the airflow is brought completely to rest on the
leading edge.";
explain[4]="If an aircraft oscillates in pitch without the oscillations increasing or decreasing it is longitudinally
neutrally stable.";
explain[5]="To make the nose pitch up, the tailplane down load must be increased. This is done by decreasing its
incidence (or increasing its negative incidence).";
explain[6]="The stall position of an aerofoil is determined by its angle of attack only.";
explain[7]="The vertical stabiliser gives the aircraft directional stability.";
explain[8]="The turbo fan is the most fuel efficient engine.";
explain[9]="The turbo fan is the quietest engine.";
explain[10]="The weight provides forward motion of a glider.";

=========================================
Exam Number:-24.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1. Profile drag consists of what drag types?

a) Form, skin friction and interference

b) Form, induced and skin friction
c) Form, induced and interference

2. An aircraft in straight and level flight is subject to

a) zero load factor

b) a load factor of 1
c) a load factor of ½

3. Aspect ratio is given by the formula

a) Mean Chord
Span
b) Span2
Area
c) Span2
Mean Chord

4. On a high wing aircraft in a turn

a) the up going wing loses lift which has a de-stabilizing effect

b) the down going wing gains lift causing a stabilizing effect
c) the down going wing loses lift causing a de-stabilizing effect

5. Which condition is the actual amount of water vapour in a mixture of air and water?

a) Relative humidity
b) Dew point
c) Absolute humidity

6. An aspect ratio of 8 means

a) the span is 8 times the mean chord
b) the mean chord is 8 times the span
c) the area is 8 times the span

7. The ISA
a) is taken from the equator
b) is taken from 45 degrees latitude
c) assumes a standard day

8. Which will weigh the least?

a) 98 parts of dry air and 2 parts of water vapour
b) 35 parts of dry air and 65 parts of water vapour
c) 50 parts of dry air and 50 parts of water vapour

9. A high aspect ratio wing

a) is stiffer than a low aspect ratio wing
b) has less induced drag than a low aspect ratio wing
c) has a higher stall angle than a low aspect ratio wing

10. The thrust-drag couple overcomes the lift-weight couple. What force must the tail of the aircraft exert to maintain
the aircraft in a level attitude?
a) Down
b) Up
c) Sideways
=========================================
ans[1] = "a";
ans[2] = "b";
ans[3] = "b";
ans[4] = "b";
ans[5] = "c";
ans[6] = "a";
ans[7] = "b";
ans[8] = "a";
ans[9] = "b";
ans[10] = "b";

explain[1]="Profile consists of Form Drag, Skin Friction Drag and Interference Drag.";
explain[2]="An aircraft in straight and level flight is subject to a load factor of 1 (i.e. 1g).";
explain[3]="Aspect Ratio is span / mean chord. Multiply top and bottom by span and you get span squared / area.";
explain[4]="When an aircraft roles, the downgoing wing gains lift (due to the upflow of air causing an increased angle
of attack). This opposes the role.";
explain[5]="Absolute humidity is the 'actual' amount of water in a mixture of air and water.";
explain[6]="An Aspect Ratio of 8 means the span is 8 times the chord.";
explain[7]="The ISA is taken from 45 degrees latitude.";
explain[8]="Dry air is heavier than water vapour.";
explain[9]="A long slender wing (high aspect ratio) has less induced drag than a short stubby wing.";
explain[10]="Assuming the thrust-drag couple is a nose up couple (low engined aircraft) then if the thrust-drag couple
overcomes the lift-weight couple, the aircraft will pitch up. The tail of the aircraft needs to exert an upwards force to
maintain level flight.";

=========================================
For full explanations of all these questions, and for many more new and up-to-date questions, with correct
answers, full explanations, downloadable material and Tutorial Support, please visit
[Link]
Exam Number:-25.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1. Induced downwash

a) reduces the effective angle of attack of the wing

b) increases the effective angle of attack of the wing
c) has no effect on the angle of attack of the wing

2. During a turn, the stalling angle

a) increases
b) decreases
c) remains the same

3. Which is the ratio of the water vapour actually present in the atmosphere to the amount that would be present if
the air were saturated at the prevailing temperature and pressure?
a) Absolute humidity
b) Relative humidity.
c) Dew point

4. A straight rectangular wing, without any twist, will

a) have greater angle of attack at the tip

b) have the same angle of attack at all points along the span
c) have less angle of attack at the tip

5. If gauge pressure on a standard day is 25 PSI, the absolute pressure is

a) 10.3 PSI
b) 43.8 PSI
c) 39.7 PSI

6. The C of G moves in flight. The most likely cause of this is

a) movement of passengers
b) movement of cargo
c) consumption of fuel and oils

7. The speed of sound in the atmosphere

a) varies according to the frequency of the sound

b) changes with a change in temperature
c) changes with a change in pressure

8. A straight rectangular wing, without any twist, will

a) stall first at the tip
b) stall first at the root
c) stall equally along the span of the wing

9. What is sea level pressure?

a) 1013.2 mb
b) 1012.3 mb
c) 1032.2 mb

10. Which atmospheric conditions will cause the true landing speed of an aircraft to be the greatest?

a) Low temperature with low humidity

b) High temperature with low humidity
c) High temperature with high humidity
=========================================
ans[1] = "a";
ans[2] = "c";
ans[3] = "b";
ans[4] = "c";
ans[5] = "c";
ans[6] = "c";
ans[7] = "b";
ans[8] = "b";
ans[9] = "a";
ans[10] = "c";

explain[1]="Induced downwash reduces the effective angle of attack of the wing.";

explain[2]="The stalling ANGLE does not change. Only the stall speed changes.";
explain[3]="Relative humidity is the ratio of the water vapour actually present to the water vapour that the air would
hold if it were saturated.";
explain[4]="Due to wingtip vortices, there is more downwash at the tip, and therefore there is less angle of attack at the
tip.";
explain[5]="Absolute pressure = gauge pressure plus atmospheric pressure. Atmospheric pressure is 14.7 PSI.";
explain[6]="Consumption of fuel and oil causes the C of G to move in flight.";
explain[7]="Speed of sound is affected by air temperature.";
explain[8]="A straight rectangular wing will stall first at the root. This is because the effective angle of attack is
reduced at the tips because of the greater downwash at the tips.";
explain[9]="Sea level pressure is 1013.2 mb.";
explain[10]="High temperature and high humidity are the worst conditions for aircraft performance.";

=========================================
Exam Number:-26.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1. Which condition is the actual amount of water vapour in a mixture of air and water?

a) Relative humidity
b) Dew point
c) Absolute humidity

2. When the weight of an aircraft increases, the minimum drag speed

a) decreases
b) increases
c) remains the same

3. Which statement concerning heat and/or temperature is true?

a) There is an inverse relationship between temperature and heat.

b) Temperature is a measure of the kinetic energy of the molecules of any substance
c) Temperature is a measure of the potential energy of the molecules of any substance

4. Which is the ratio of the water vapour actually present in the atmosphere to the amount that would be present if
the air were saturated at the prevailing temperature and pressure?

a) Absolute humidity
b) Relative humidity
c) Dew point

5. When an aircraft experiences induced drag

a) air flows under the wing spanwise towards the tip and on top of the wing spanwise towards the root
b) air flows under the wing spanwise towards the root and on top of the wing spanwise towards the tip
c) Neither a) or b) since induced drag does not cause spanwise flow

6. What is absolute humidity?

a) The temperature to which humid air must be cooled at constant pressure to become saturated.
b) The actual amount of the water vapour in a mixture of air and water
c) The ratio of the water vapour actually present in the atmosphere to the amount that would be present if the air
were saturated at the prevailing temperature and pressure

7. Which atmospheric conditions will cause the true landing speed of an aircraft to be the greatest?
a) Low temperature with low humidity
b) High temperature with low humidity
c) High temperature with high humidity

8. If all, or a significant part of a stall strip is missing on an aeroplane wing, a likely result will be
a) increased lift in the area of installation on the opposite wing at high angles of attack
b) asymmetrical aileron control at low angles of attack
c) asymmetrical aileron control at or near stall angles of attack

9. When a leading edge slat opens, there is a gap between the slat and the wing. This is
a) to allow it to retract back into the wing
b) to allow air through to re-energize the boundary layer on top of the wing
c) to keep the area of the wing the same

10. An aeroplane wing is designed to produce lift resulting from relatively

a) positive air pressure below and above the wing's surface.

b) negative air pressure below the wing's surface and positive air pressure above the wing's surface.
c) positive air pressure below the wing's surface and negative air pressure above the wing's surface
=========================================
ans[1] = "c";
ans[2] = "b";
ans[3] = "b";
ans[4] = "b";
ans[5] = "a";
ans[6] = "c";
ans[7] = "c";
ans[8] = "c";
ans[9] = "b";
ans[10] = "c";

explain[1]="Absolute humidity is the 'actual' amount of water in a mixture of air and water.";
explain[2]="Vmd is where the induced drag curve intersects with the profile drag curve. Increasing the weight elevates
the induced drag (lift dependant drag) and therefore the intersection is shifted to the right (greater Vmd).";
explain[3]="Temperature is a measure of the kinetic energy of the molecules of a substance. Heat is a form of energy
exchange.";
explain[4]="Relative humidity is the ratio of the water vapour actually present to the water vapour that the air would
hold if it were saturated.";
explain[5]="Induced drag causes air to flow under the wing spanwise towards the tip and on top of the wing spanwise
towards the root.";
explain[6]="Relative humidity is the ratio of the water vapour actually present to the water vapour that the air would
hold if it were saturated.";
explain[7]="High temperature and high humidity are the worst conditions for aircraft performance.";
explain[8]="The stall strip is to make the root of the wing stall before the tip so at the stall point, full aileron control is
maintained.";
explain[9]="The gap which opens up when the leading edge slat opens is to allow high pressure through from beneath
the wing and re-energise the boundary layer on top of the wing.";
explain[10]="The wing is designed to produce lift resulting from relatively positive air pressure below the wing surface
and negative air pressure above the wing surface.";

=========================================
Exam Number:-27.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1. Aspect ratio of a wing is defined as the ratio of the

a) wingspan to the wing root

b) square of the chord to the wingspan
c) wingspan to the mean chord

2. Which of the following is true?

a) Lift acts at right angles to the wing chord line and weight acts vertically down
b) Lift acts at right angles to the relative airflow and weight acts vertically down
c) Lift acts at right angles to the relative air flow and weight acts at right angles to the aircraft centre line

3. The temperature to which humid air must be cooled at constant pressure to become saturated is called

a) dewpoint
b) absolute humidity
c) relative humidity

4. The airflow over the upper surface of a cambered wing

a) increases in velocity and pressure

b) increases in velocity and reduces in pressure
c) reduces in velocity and increases in pressure

5. Which type of flap increases the area of the wing?

a) Plain Flap
b) Fowler Flap
c) All flaps

6. If all, or a significant part of a stall strip is missing on an aeroplane wing, a likely result will be

a) increased lift in the area of installation on the opposite wing at high angles of attack
b) asymmetrical aileron control at low angles of attack
c) asymmetrical aileron control at or near stall angles of attack

7. With increased speed in level flight

a) induced drag increases

b) profile drag increases
c) profile drag remains constant

8. Deployment of flaps will result in

a) a decrease in stall angle

b) an increase in stall angle
c) a decrease in angle of attack

9. An aeroplane wing is designed to produce lift resulting from relatively

a) positive air pressure below and above the wing's surface.
b) negative air pressure below the wing's surface and positive air pressure above the wing's surface.
c) positive air pressure below the wing's surface and negative air pressure above the wing's surface.

10. The angle of attack of an aerofoil section is the angle between the

a) chord line and the relative airflow

b) underside of the wing surface and the mean airflow
c) chord line and the centre line of the fuselage
=========================================
ans[1] = "c";
ans[2] = "b";
ans[3] = "a";
ans[4] = "b";
ans[5] = "b";
ans[6] = "c";
ans[7] = "b";
ans[8] = "a";
ans[9] = "c";
ans[10] = "a";

explain[1]="Aspect ratio is defined as the ratio of the wing span to mean chord.";
explain[2]="Lift acts at right angles to the relative airflow and weight acts vertically down.";
explain[3]="The temperature to which humid air must be cooled to become saturated is called the 'due point'.";
explain[4]="Airflow flowing over the upper surface of an aerofoil increases in velocity and decreases in pressure.";
explain[5]="A fowler flap increases the wing area as well as increasing the wing camber.";
explain[6]="The stall strip is to make the root of the wing stall before the tip so at the stall point, full aileron control is
maintained.";
explain[7]="With increased speed in level flight, the profile drag increases and the induced drag decreases.";
explain[8]="Deployment of flaps increases camber and decreases stall angle.";
explain[9]="The wing is designed to produce lift resulting from relatively positive air pressure below the wing surface
and negative air pressure above the wing surface.";
explain[10]="Angle of attack of an aerofoil is the angle between the chord line and the relative air flow.";

=========================================
For full explanations of all these questions, and for many more new and up-to-date questions, with correct
answers, full explanations, downloadable material and Tutorial Support, please visit
[Link]
Exam Number:-28.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1. A swept wing tends to stall first at the

a) root
b) tip
c) centre section

2. Kreuger Flaps are normally fitted to

a) the trailing edge of the wings

b) the tips of the wings
c) the leading edge of the wings

3. Aspect ratio of a wing is defined as the ratio of the

a) wingspan to the wing root.

b) square of the chord to the wingspan.
c) wingspan to the mean chord

4. The trailing vortex on a pointed wing (taper ratio = 0) is

a) at the root
b) at the tip
c) equally all along the wing span

5. A high wing aircraft will be more

a) laterally stable than a low wing aircraft

b) longitudinally stable than a low wing aircraft
c) directionally stable than a low wing aircraft

6. A wing with a very high aspect ratio (in comparison with a low aspect ratio wing) will have

a) increased drag at high angles of attack.

b) a low stall speed.
c) poor control qualities at low airspeeds.

7. The lift curve for a delta wing is

a) more steep than that of a high aspect ratio wing

b) less steep than that of a high aspect ratio wing
c) the same as that of a high aspect ratio wing

8. After an aircraft has been disturbed from its straight and level flight, it returns to its original attitude with a small
amount of decreasing oscillation. The aircraft is

a) statically stable but dynamically unstable

b) statically unstable but dynamically stable
c) statically stable and dynamically stable

9. An increase in the speed at which an aerofoil passes through the air increases lift because
a) the increased speed of the airflow creates a greater pressure differential between the upper and lower surfaces.
b) the increased speed of the airflow creates a lesser pressure differential between the upper and lower surfaces.
c) the increased velocity of the relative wind increases the angle of attack

10. A delta wing has

a) a higher stall angle than a straight wing
b) a lower stall angle than a straight wing
c) the same stall angle than a straight wing
=========================================
ans[1] = "b";
ans[2] = "c";
ans[3] = "c";
ans[4] = "c";
ans[5] = "a";
ans[6] = "a";
ans[7] = "b";
ans[8] = "c";
ans[9] = "a";
ans[10] = "a";

explain[1]="A swept wing tends to stall first at the tip.";

explain[2]="Kreuger Flaps are normally fitted to the leading edge of the wings (ref: 737-100,200 etc.).";
explain[3]="Aspect ratio is defined as the ratio of the wingspan to the mean chord.";
explain[4]="Trailing vortex of a pointed wing is spread equally along the trailing edge.";
explain[5]="Due to pendulum effect of the fuselage, a high wing aircraft will be more laterally stable than a low wing
aircraft.";
explain[6]="A very high aspect ratio wing will have increased drag at high angles of attack.";
explain[7]="A delta wing produces less lift for any given angle of attack than any other type of wing.";
explain[8]="Static stability is the ability of the aircraft to return to its untrimmed position. Dynamic stability is the
ability of the aircraft to not oscillate about the trimmed position.";
explain[9]="Increasing the speed of an aerofoil increases the pressure differential between the upper and lower
surface.";
explain[10]="A delta wing has a much higher stall angle than a normal wing.";

=========================================
Exam Number:-29.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1. The Lift/Drag ratio of a wing at the stalling angle is

a) of a negative value
b) low
c) high

2. The airflow over the upper surface of a cambered wing

a) increases in velocity and pressure
b) increases in velocity and reduces in pressure
c) reduces in velocity and increases in pressure

3. The speed of air over a swept wing which contributes to the lift is

a) less than the aircraft speed

b) more than the aircraft speed
c) the same as the aircraft speed

4. For a given angle of attack induced drag is

a) greater on a high aspect ratio wing

b) greater towards the wing root
c) greater on a low aspect ratio wing

5. In straight and level flight, the angle of attack of a swept wing is

a) the same as the aircraft angle to the horizontal

b) more than the aircraft angle to the horizontal
c) less than the aircraft angle to the horizontal

6. Induced drag

a) is never equal to the profile drag

b) is equal to the profile drag at the stalling speed
c) is equal to the profile drag at Vmd

7. A delta wing aircraft flying at the same speed (subsonic) and angle of attack as a swept wing aircraft of similar
wing area will produce

a) the same lift

b) more lift
c) less lift

8. The stagnation point is

a) static pressure plus dynamic pressure

b) static pressure minus dynamic pressure
c) dynamic pressure only

9. On a swept wing aircraft, due to the adverse pressure gradient, the boundary layer on the upper surface of the wing
tends to flow
a) directly from leading edge to trailing edge
b) towards the tip
c) towards the root

10. With increased speed in level flight

a) induced drag increases
b) profile drag increases
c) profile drag remains constant
=========================================
ans[1] = "b";
ans[2] = "b";
ans[3] = "b";
ans[4] = "c";
ans[5] = "b";
ans[6] = "c";
ans[7] = "c";
ans[8] = "a";
ans[9] = "b";
ans[10] = "b";

explain[1]="At stall the lift drops rapidly and the drag increases rapidly. Lift/Drag ratio therefore decreases.";
explain[2]="Airflow over the upper surface of a cambered surface of the wing increases in velocity and decreases in
pressure.";
explain[3]="Airflow over the upper surface of a cambered surface of the wing has a greater velocity than the aircraft
speed.";
explain[4]="A low aspect ratio wing (short-stubby wing) has a greater induced drag.";
explain[5]="Angle of attack in straight and level flight is equal toi the angle of incidence which is more than the angle
of the aircraft (swept wing or not).";
explain[6]="Induced drag is equal to profile drag at Vmd.";
explain[7]="A delta wing aircraft at any given angle of attack and speed will produce less lift than any other type of
wing.";
explain[8]="At stagnation, the pressure is total (static plus dynamic).";
explain[9]="Due to adverse pressure gradient on a swept wing, the boundary layer slides towards the tip and thickens at
the tip.";
explain[10]="Profile drag increases with speed, induced drag decreases with speed.";

=========================================
For full explanations of all these questions, and for many more new and up-to-date questions, with correct
answers, full explanations, downloadable material and Tutorial Support, please visit
[Link]
Exam Number:-30.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. If a swept wing stalls at the tips first, the aircraft will

a) pitch nose up
b) pitch nose down
c) roll

2. The thickness/chord ratio of the wing is also known as

a) aspect ratio
b) mean chord ratio
c) fineness ratio

3. Flexure of a rearward swept wing will

a) increase the lift and hence increase the flexure

b) decrease the lift and hence decrease the flexure
c) increase the lift and hence decrease the flexure

4. A High Aspect Ratio wing is a wing with

a) long span, long chord

b) long span, short chord
c) short span, long chord

5. Stall commencing at the root is preferred because

a) the ailerons become ineffective

b) it provides the pilot with a warning of complete loss of lift
c) it will cause the aircraft to pitch nose up

6. An aircraft flying in “ground effect” will produce

a) more lift than a similar aircraft outside of ground effect

b) less lift than a similar aircraft outside of ground effect
c) the same lift as a similar aircraft outside of ground effect

7. If the angle of attack of a wing is increased in flight, the

a) C of P will move forward

b) C of G will move aft
c) C of P will move aft

8. The Rams Horn Vortex on a forward swept wing will be

a) the same as a rearward swept wing

b) more than a rearward swept wing
c) less than a rearward swept wing

9. When maintaining level flight an increase in speed will

a) cause the C of P to move aft

b) cause the C of P to move forward
c) have no affect on the position of the C of P

10. For a cambered wing section the zero lift angle of attack will be

a) zero
b) 4 degrees
c) negative
=========================================
ans[1] = "a";
ans[2] = "c";
ans[3] = "b";
ans[4] = "b";
ans[5] = "b";
ans[6] = "a";
ans[7] = "a";
ans[8] = "c";
ans[9] = "c";
ans[10] = "c";

explain[1]="Since the tips are behind the Centre of Gravity, losing the lift at the tips will cause the nose to rise.";
explain[2]="The thickness/chord ratio of the wing is also known as the fineness ratio.";
explain[3]="Flexure of a rearward swept wing will decrease the lift (since the wing presents its upper surface to the
airflow and the angle of attack reduces) and so the wing flexes back.";
explain[4]="Aspect ratio is the ratio of span to chord";
explain[5]="Stall commencing at the root causes turbulent air to hit the tailplane. The resulting 'buffet' warns the pilot
just before complete stall.";
explain[6]="An aircraft flying in ground effect will have more lift than an aircraft not flying in ground effect (which is
why seagulls glide close to the water surface).";
explain[7]="Increasing the angle of attack moves the CofP foreward.";
explain[8]="A forward swept wing does not suffer from the Rams Horn Vortex.";
explain[9]="A change in speed has no effect on the position of the CofP (providing angle of attack is not changed).";
explain[10]="A non symmetrical wing will produce some lift at zero degrees. Therefore it must have a negative angle
of attack to produce zero lift.";

=========================================
 Module 8
Aerodynamics
For full explanations of all these questions, and for many more new and up-to-date questions, with correct
answers, full explanations, downloadable material and Tutorial Support, please visit
[Link]

Exam Number:-1.
1. If the wing tips stall before the root on a swept wing aircraft, the aircraft will
a) roll
b) pitch nose up
c) pitch nose down

2) Angle of attack .

a) increases with an increased angle of incidence (angle of attack)

b) decreases with an increase in angle of incidence (angle of attack)
c) does not change with a change in angle of incidence (angle of attack)

3. On a straight wing aircraft, stall commences at the

a) root on a high thickness ratio wing
b) tip on a high thickness ratio wing
c) tip on a low thickness ratio wing

4. On a high wing aircraft in a turn

a) the up-going wing loses lift causing a de-stabilising effect
b) the down-going wing gains lift causing a stabilising effect
c) the down-going wing loses lift causing a de-stabilising effect

5. For the same angle of attack, the lift on a delta wing

a) is greater than the lift on a high aspect ratio wing
b) is lower than the lift on a high aspect ratio wing
c) is the same as the lift on a high aspect ratio wing

6. The ISA?
a) is taken from the equator
b) is taken from 45 degrees latitude
c) assumes a standard day

7. As altitude increases, pressure

a) decreases at constant rate
b) increases exponentially
c) decreases exponentially

8. The thrust-drag couple overcomes the lift-weight couple. What direction of force is required to be produced by
the tail of the aircraft to maintain straight and level flight
a) upwards
b) downwards
c) sideways

9. When the pressure is half of that at sea level, what is the altitude?
a) 12,000 ft
b) 8,000 ft
c) 18,000 ft

10. During a turn, the stalling angle

a) increases
b) decreases
c) remains the same
=========================================
ans[1] = "b";
ans[2] = "a";
ans[3] = "a";
ans[4] = "b";
ans[5] = "b";
ans[6] = "b";
ans[7] = "c";
ans[8] = "a";
ans[9] = "c";
ans[10] = "c";

explain[1]="Picture a side view of a swept wing aircraft. The wing tips are behind the wing root. Think, therefore, of
the lift on the wing tip holding the tail up. Lose the lift on the tips and what will happen?";
explain[2]="This question is much easier than it looks at first read. All wing types (straight, swept, delta etc.) increase
lift with an increase in angle of attack (up to the stall angle).";
explain[3]="Thickness ratio is a red herring. But you must learn the stall points for different types of wing platforms -
they differ greatly.";
explain[4]="The down-going wing has an increased lift due to an increas in angle of attack (due to the up flow of air).
This opposes the roll which is a stabilizing effect.";
explain[5]="A long slender wing (i.e. high Aspect Ratio) has a higher lift than a short stubby wing (low Aspect Ratio).
A delta wing is about as low Aspect Ratio as you can get (about 1:1 for concord for example).";
explain[6]="The properties of a standard day are related to sea level at latitude 45 degrees with absolutely dry air.";
explain[7]="Pressure decreases - sure! But the rate of decrease reduces with altitude. At 18000 ft, half the pressure is
lost already, and there is still another 40,000ft or so to go";
explain[8]="On most aircraft, the thrust-drag couple produces a nose up pitch moment (think of how low the thrust line
is on a Boeing). It is balanced by the Centre of Lift being behind the CG. So to correct a nose up moment, what force
do you need at the tail?";
explain[9]="Just one of those facts you have to learn - but it is quoted in just about every text book on the CAA reading
list.";
explain[10]="Do not get cofused between stalling angle and stalling speed. In a turn the vertical component of lift is
less, so to compensate the pilot must increase speed, but the stalling angle is a fixed quantity for any aerofoil,
regardless of any other factor.";

=========================================
ExamFor full explanations of all these questions, and for many more new and up-to-date questions, with
correct answers, full explanations, downloadable material and Tutorial Support, please visit
[Link]
Number:-2.

1. If gauge pressure on a standard day at sea level is 25 PSI, the absolute pressure is
a) 10.3 PSI
b) 43.8 PSI
c) 39.7 PSI

2. The C of G moves in flight. The most likely cause of this is

a) movement of passengers
b) movement of the centre of pressure
c) consumption of fuel and oils

3. The C of P is the point where

a) all the forces on an aircraft act
b) the three axis of rotation meet
c) the lift can be said to act

4. The three axis of an aircraft act through the

a) C of G
b) C of P
c) stagnation point

5. Pressure decreases
a) proportionally with a decreases in temperature
b) inversely proportional to temperature
c) Pressure and temperature are not related

6. As air gets colder, the service ceiling of an aircraft

a) reduces
b) increases
c) remains the same

7. What is sea level pressure?

a) 1013.2 mb
b) 1012.3 mb
c) 1032.2 mb

8. When the weight of an aircraft increases, the minimum drag speed

a) decreases
b) increases
c) remains the same

9. An aircraft will have

a) less gliding distance if it has more payload
b) more gliding distance if it has more payload
c) the same gliding distance if it has more payload

10. When an aircraft experiences induced drag

a) air flows under the wing spanwise towards the tip and on top of the wing spanwise towards the root
b) air flows under the wing spanwise towards the root and on top of the wing spanwise towards the tip
c) Neither a) or b) since induced drag does not caused by spanwise flow
=========================================
2
ans[1] = "c";
ans[2] = "c";
ans[3] = "c";
ans[4] = "a";
ans[5] = "b";
ans[6] = "b";
ans[7] = "a";
ans[8] = "b";
ans[9] = "c";
ans[10] = "a";

explain[1]="Absolute pressure = gauge pressure plus atmospheric pressure. Atmospheric pressure at seal level = 14.7
PSI.";
explain[2]="Unless the fuel tank is right on the aircraft Cof G, the consumption of fuel will always cause a shift in Cof
G.";
explain[3]="Just a definition";
explain[4]="Another definition!";
explain[5]="As temperature decreases, pressure increases - therefore they are inversely proportional.";
explain[6]="As air gets colder it gets denser. Lift increases (remember the lift equation has density) and the engines
produce more thrust - so it can climb higher.";
explain[7]="Learn the ISA sea level quantities, in all units.";
explain[8]="Sketch the drag - speed curve, with induced, profile and total drag. As aircraft weight increases, it must
produce more lift to support it. More lift = more induced drag. Now sketch the induced drag curve higher, and see
where the intersection with profile drag moves to.";
explain[9]="This may surprise you. A glider converts potential energy (ie height) into kinetic energy (ie speed) and
thus lift. More weight = more speed = more lift. The glide angles of a heavy glider is exactly the same as a light
glider. (But the increased speed means it covers the distance faster).";
explain[10]="The high pressure under the wing flows around the tip to the low pressure on top of the wing. The
resulting vortex is what causes induced drag. Since air is viscous it drags the air underneath the wing towards the tip,
and pushes the air on top of the wing towards the root.";

=========================================
Exam Number:-3.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1. At stall, the wingtip stagnation point

a) moves toward the lower surface of the wing
b) moves toward the upper surface of the wing
c) doesn’t move

2. How does IAS at the point of stall vary with height?

a) It is practically constant
b) It increases
c) It decreases

3. The rigging angle of incidence of an elevator is

a) the angle between the mean chord line and the horizontal in the rigging position
b) the angle between the bottom surface of the elevator and the horizontal in the rigging position
c) the angle between the bottom surface of the elevator and the longitudinal datum

4. What is the lapse rate with regard to temperature?

a) 1.98oC per 1000 ft
b) 1.98oF per 1000 ft
c) 4oC per 1000 ft

5. What happens to load factor as you decrease turn radius?

a) It increases
b) It decreases
c) It remains constant

6. If you steepen the angle of a banked turn without increasing airspeed or angle of attack, what will the aircraft do?
a) It will remain at the same height
b) It will sideslip with attendant loss of height
c) It will stall

7. An aircraft wing tends to stall first at

a) the tip due to a higher ratio thickness/chord
b) the tip due to a lower ratio thickness/chord
c) the root due to a higher ratio thickness/chord

8. Dihedral wings combat instability in

a) pitch
b) yaw
c) sideslip

9. To stop aircraft decreasing in height during a sideslip, the pilot can

a) advance the throttle
b) pull back on the control column
c) adjust the rudder position

10. What control surface movements will make an aircraft fitted with ruddervators yaw to the left?
a) Left ruddervator lowered, right ruddervator raised
b) Right ruddervator lowered, left ruddervator raised
c) Both ruddervators raised
=========================================
ans[1] = "a";
ans[2] = "a";
ans[3] = "a";
ans[4] = "a";
ans[5] = "b";
ans[6] = "b";
ans[7] = "c";
ans[8] = "c";
ans[9] = "a";
ans[10] = "a";

explain[1]="At stall the angle of attack is high (all along the wing) is positioned towards the lower surface of the
wing..";
explain[2]="The true airspeed at which an aircraft stalls increases with height due to a drop in density. However the
Indicated Airspeed decreases with height due to the same drop in density. Therefore there is practically no change in
stall speed with height..";
explain[3]="The angle of incidence of any surface is measured from the mean chord line.";
explain[4]="The lapse rate is approximately 2 degrees Centigrate per 1000 feet.";
explain[5]="Since the load factor increases in a turn, if you decrease the turn rate the load factor decreases.";
explain[6]="Increasing the angle of a banked turn without increasing the airspeed or angle of attack, the aircraft will
sideslip and lose height.";
explain[7]="The boundary layer separates at a lower angle of attack with a higher thickness/chord atio. Therefore it
will stall first at the root..";
explain[8]="As the aircraft sideslips, there is a greater angle of attack on the lower wing which increases lift,
straightens the aircraft and stops the sideslip.";
explain[9]="During a turn, extra speed is required to stop the aircraft sideslipping and decreasing in height.";
explain[10]="To make the aircraft yaw to the left, the left ruddervator is lowered, the right ruddervator is raised.";

=========================================
For full explanations of all these questions, and for many more new and up-to-date questions, with correct
answers, full explanations, downloadable material and Tutorial Support, please visit
[Link]
Exam Number:-4.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1. When a leading edge slat opens, there is a gap between the slat and the wing. This is
a) to allow it to retract back into the wing
b) to allow air through to re-energize the boundary layer on top of the wing
c) to keep the area of the wing the same

2. Which of the following is true?

a) Lift acts at right angles to the wing chord line and weight acts vertically down
b) Lift acts at right angles to the relative airflow and weight acts vertically down
c) Lift acts at right angles to the relative air flow and weight acts at right angles to the aircraft centre line

3. If the wing tips stall before the root on a swept wing aircraft, the aircraft will
a) roll
b) pitch nose up
c) pitch nose down

4. Lift on a delta wing aircraft

a) increases with an increased angle of incidence (angle of attack)
b) decreases with an increase in angle of incidence (angle of attack)
c) does not change with a change in angle of incidence (angle of attack)

5. On a straight wing aircraft, stall commences at the

a) root on a high thickness ratio wing
b) tip on a high thickness ratio wing
c) tip on a low thickness ratio wing

6. On a high wing aircraft in a turn

a) the up-going wing loses lift causing a de-stabilizing effect
b) the down-going wing gains lift causing a stabilizing effect
c) the down-going wing loses lift causing a de-stabilizing effect

7. For the same angle of attack, the lift on a delta wing

a) is greater than the lift on a high aspect ratio wing
b) is lower than the lift on a high aspect ratio wing
c) is the same as the lift on a high aspect ratio wing

8. The ISA
a) is taken from the equator
b) is taken from 45 degrees latitude
c) assumes a standard day

9. As altitude increases, pressure

a) decreases at constant rate
b) increases exponentially
c) decreases exponentially

10. The thrust-drag couple overcomes the lift-weight couple. What direction of force is required to be produced by
the tail of the aircraft to maintain straight and level flight?
a) Upwards
b) Downwards
c) Sideways
=========================================
ans[1] = "b";
ans[2] = "b";
ans[3] = "b";
ans[4] = "a";
ans[5] = "a";
ans[6] = "b";
ans[7] = "b";
ans[8] = "b";
ans[9] = "c";
ans[10] = "a";

explain[1]="The gap between the wing and the slat is to allow air from the lower surface through to the upper surface
to re-nergise it at high angles of attack.";
explain[2]="Lift acts at right angles to the relative airflow and weight acts vertically down.";
explain[3]="If the tips of a swept wing aircraft stall, the lift still acting at the roots, will pull the aircraft up..";
explain[4]="Lift (on any type of wing) increases with an increased angle of attack.";
explain[5]="Stall commences on a straight wing at the root (on any thickness ratio wing).";
explain[6]="The down going wing gains lift due to the uplflow, which stops the aircraft banking. This is the basic
mechanism of dynamic stability.";
explain[7]="For the same angle of attack, the lift on a delta wing is lower than the lift on a delta wing.";
explain[8]="The ISA is taken from 45 degrees latitude as an average of the World's atmospheric data.";
explain[9]="As altitude increases, pressure decreases exponentially. Since pressure is given by density x gravity x
height, both density and height decreases (that is, height above the point you are measuring) so the decrease in pressure
is exponential";
explain[10]="Since the thrust-drag couple is usually a nose-up couple (on low engined aircraft) then if the thrust-drag
couple overcomes the lift weight couple, the aircraft will pitch nose-up. The tail of the aircraft would have to produce
an upward force to counteract this..";

=========================================
Exam Number:-5.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1. When the pressure is half of that at sea level, what is the altitude?
a) 12,000 ft
b) 8,000 ft
c) 18,000 ft

2. During a turn, the stalling angle

a) increases
b) decreases
c) remains the same

3. The vertical fin of a single engined aircraft is

a) parallel with both the longitudinal axis and vertical axis
b) parallel with the longitudinal axis but not the vertical axis
c) parallel with the vertical axis but not the longitudinal axis

4. Aircraft flying in the transonic range most often utilize

a) sweptback wings
b) advanced supercritical airfoils
c) high wings

5. Which type of flap changes the area of the wing?

a) Fowler
b) Split
c) Slotted

6. Forward swept wings tend to stall at the root first so the aircraft retains lateral control, so why are they never used
on passenger aircraft?
a) Because the wing tips wash in at high wing loads
b) Because the wing tips wash out at high wing loads
c) Because at high loads their angle of incidence increases and the loads imposed on the wing can increase until
they destroy it

7. What happens to air flowing at the speed of sound when it enters a converging duct?
a) Velocity decreases, pressure and density increase
b) Velocity increases, pressure and density decreases
c) Velocity, pressure and density increase

8. As the angle of attack of an airfoil increases the centre of pressure

a) moves forward
b) moves aft
c) remains stationary

9. An aircraft, which is longitudinally stable, will tend to return to level flight after a movement about which axis?
a) Pitch
b) Roll
c) Yaw

10. Vapour trails from the wingtips of an aircraft in flight are caused by
a) low pressure above the wing and high pressure below the wing causing vortices
b) high pressure above the wing and low pressure below the wing causing vortices
c) low pressure above the wing and high pressure below the wing causing a temperature rise
=========================================
ans[1] = "c";
ans[2] = "c";
ans[3] = "a";
ans[4] = "a";
ans[5] = "a";
ans[6] = "c";
ans[7] = "c";
ans[8] = "a";
ans[9] = "a";
ans[10] = "a";

explain[1]="At 18000 feet the pressure is half of that at sea level.";

explain[2]="During a turn the stalling angle does not change. The stalling angle never changes providing the wing
section shape (CL) does not change. Do not get confused with stalling SPEED which increases as turn rate increases.";
explain[3]="The vertical fin is parallel with the longitudinal axis (when viewed from above) and parallel with the
vertical axis (when viewed from the front).";
explain[4]="Aircraft which fly in the transonic range most often use swept back wings.";
explain[5]="The fowler flap changes the area of the wing because it slides backwards as well as downwards.";
explain[6]="Forward swept wings are known as 'structurally divergent'. This means when they flex upwards, they
present more of their underside to the airflow which causes them to flex up even more - untill they break off.";
explain[7]="Air at the speed of sound will increase in velocity and due to the compressibility effect, will increase in
pressure and density also.";
explain[8]="As the angle of attack of the aerofoil increases, the centre of pressure moves forward.";
explain[9]="Longitudinal stability is around the pitch axis.";
explain[10]="Vapour trails are caused by wing tip vortices which are caused by low pressure above the wing and high
pressure below the wing.";

=========================================
For full explanations of all these questions, and for many more new and up-to-date questions, with correct
answers, full explanations, downloadable material and Tutorial Support, please visit
[Link]
Exam Number:-6.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1. Vortex generators on the wing are most effective at

a) high speed
b) low speed
c) high angles of attack

2. The chord line of a wing is a line that runs from

a) the centre of the leading edge of the wing to the trailing edge
b) half way between the upper and lower surface of the wing
c) one wing tip to the other wing tip

3. The angle of incidence of a wing is an angle formed by lines

a) parallel to the chord line and longitudinal axis
b) parallel to the chord line and the lateral axis
c) parallel to the chord line and the vertical axis

4. The centre of pressure of an aerofoil is located

a) 30 - 40% of the chord line back from the leading edge
b) 30 - 40% of the chord line forward of the leading edge
c) 50% of the chord line back from the leading edge

5. Compressibility effect is
a) drag associated with the form of an aircraft
b) drag associated with the friction of the air over the surface of the aircraft
c) the increase in total drag of an airfoil in transonic flight due to the formation of shock waves

6. Lateral control of an aircraft at high angle of attack can be maximised by using

a) fences
b) vortex generators
c) wing slots

7. Stall strips are always

a) made of metal
b) on the leading edge of a wing
c) fitted forward of the ailerons

8. Stall strips
a) cause the wing root to stall
b) cause the wing tip to stall
c) cause the wings to stall symmetrically

9. Due to the interference of the airflow on a high wing aircraft between the fuselage and the wings, the lateral
stability of the aircraft in a gusty wind situation will cause
a) the upper wing to increase its lift
b) the upper wing to decrease its lift
c) the lower wing to decrease its lift

10. Slats
a) reduce the stall speed
b) reduce the tendency of the aircraft to Yaw
c) decrease the aerofoil drag at high speeds
=========================================
ans[1] = "c";
ans[2] = "a";
ans[3] = "a";
ans[4] = "a";
ans[5] = "c";
ans[6] = "b";
ans[7] = "b";
ans[8] = "a";
ans[9] = "b";
ans[10] = "a";

explain[1]="Vortex generators on the wing are designed to re-energise the boundary layer at high angles of attack and
help prevent separation of the airflow";
explain[2]="The chord line is a STRAIGHT line which goes from the leading edge of the wing to the trailing edge of
the wing.";
explain[3]="The angle of incidence is the angle between the chord line and the longitudinal axis.";
explain[4]="The centre of pressure is positioned roughly 30 - 40 % of the chord line BACK from the leading edge.";
explain[5]="Compressibility effect is associated with an increase in drag during the transonic flight stage.";
explain[6]="At high angles of attack, the airflow over the ailerons can be separated from the surface. Vortex
generators, positioned just forward of the ailerons, are designed to re-energise the boundary layer and help to prevent
this separation. This makes the ailerons more effective at high angles of attack.";
explain[7]="Stall strips are fitted at the leading edge of the wing to ensure that the root of the wing stalls before the
tips.";
explain[8]="Stall strips are fitted at the leading edge of the wing to ensure that the root of the wing stalls before the
tips.";
explain[9]="In a gust, the aircraft may be forced to roll and sideslip away from the gust. In such a slideslip, the
fuselage shields the upper wing from some of the airflow. This reduces the lift on the upper wing which drops and
opposes the gust.";
explain[10]="Slats are designed to increase the lift at low speed, and hence decrease the stall speed.";

=========================================
Exam Number:-7.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1. What is the temperature lapse rate for aircraft flying below 36,000 feet altitude?

a) 1°C per 1000 feet

b) 3°C per 1000 feet
c) 2°C per 1000 feet

2. For a pressure of 25lbs/in² at sea level, what is the absolute pressure?

a) 39.7 lbs/in²
b) 49.7 lbs/in²
c) 10.3 lbs/in

3. An aircraft banks into a turn. No change is made to the airspeed or angle of attack. What will happen?
a) The aircraft enters a side slip and begins to lose altitude
b) The aircraft turns with no loss of height
c) The aircraft yaws and slows down

4. The relationship between induced drag and airspeed is

a) directly proportional to the square of the speed
b) inversely proportional to the square of the speed
c) directly proportional to speed

5. What is the definition of Angle of Incidence?

a) The angle the underside of the mainplane or tailplane makes with the horizontal
b) The angle the underside of the mainplane or tailplane makes with the longitudinal datum line
c) The angle the chord of the mainplane or tailplane makes with the horizontal

6. What is Boundary Layer?

a) Separated layer of air forming a boundary at the leading edge
b) Turbulent air moving from the leading edge to trailing edge
c) Sluggish low energy air that sticks to the wing surface and gradually gets faster until it joins the free stream
flow of air

7. The normal axis of an aircraft passes through

a) the centre of gravity
b) a point at the center of the wings
c) at the centre of pressure

8. On a high winged aircraft, what effect will the fuselage have on the up-going wing?
a) The up-going wing will have a decrease in angle of attack and therefore a decrease in lift
b) The down-going will have a decrease in angle of attack and therefore a decrease in lift
c) The up-going wing will have an increase in angle of attack and therefore a decrease in lift

9. What is the collective term for the fin and rudder and other surfaces aft of the centre of gravity that helps
directional stability?
a) Effective keel surface
b) Empennage
c) Fuselage surfaces

10. Temperature above 36,000 feet will

a) decrease exponentially
b) remain constant
c) increase exponentially
=========================================
ans[1] = "c";
ans[2] = "a";
ans[3] = "a";
ans[4] = "b";
ans[5] = "c";
ans[6] = "c";
ans[7] = "a";
ans[8] = "a";
ans[9] = "a";
ans[10] = "b";

explain[1]="Temperature lapse rate up to 36,000 feet (the tropopause) is approximately 2 degress centigrade per 1000
feet. Above the tropopause it is constant.";
explain[2]="Absolute pressure = gauge pressure + atmospheric pressure. Atmospheric pressure = 14.7 psi.";
explain[3]="When an aircraft banks and turns, some of the lift vector is used to turn the aircraft, therefore the aircraft
will lose altitude.";
explain[4]="Induced drag decreases proportionally with the square of the speed.";
explain[5]="Angle of incidence is the 'wing setting angle'. That is the angle of the chord of the mainplane or tailplane
with the horizontal - or aircraft centre line when in the rigging position.";
explain[6]="The boundary layer is the layer of air immediately in contact with the aircraft skin which is slowed down
by the skin friction.";
explain[7]="All the axis of the aircraft (normal, longitudinal and lateral) pass through the centre of gravity.";
explain[8]="The up-going wing of an aircraft in a turn or bank has a down-flow of air due to its movement. It therefore
has a decrease in angle of attack and a decrease in lift. This is the basic mechanism of dynamic stability.";
explain[9]="All the side surfaces aft of the centre of gravity which aid the directional stability are collectively called
the EFFECTIVE KEEL SURFACE.";
explain[10]="Temperature lapse rate up to 36,000 feet (the tropopause) is approximately 2 degress centigrade per 1000
feet. Above the tropopause it is constant.";

=========================================
For full explanations of all these questions, and for many more new and up-to-date questions, with correct
answers, full explanations, downloadable material and Tutorial Support, please visit
[Link]
Exam Number:-8.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. A decrease in incidence toward the wing tip may be provided to

a) prevent adverse yaw in a turn

b) prevent spanwise flow in maneuvers
c) retain lateral control effectiveness at high angles of attack

2. The angle of attack which gives the best L/D ratio

a) decreases with a decrease in density

b) in unaffected by density changes
c) increases with a decrease in density

3. For a given aerofoil production lift, where

P = pressure and V = velocity:

a) P1 is greater than P2, and V1 is greater than V2

b) P1 is less than P2 and V1 is greater than V2
c) P1 is greater than P2, and V1 is less than V2

4. Low wing loading

a) increases stalling speed, landing speed and landing run

b) increases lift, stalling speed and maneuverability
c) decreases stalling speed, landing speed and landing run

5. Due to the change in downwash on an untapered wing (i.e. one of constant chord length) it will

a) not provide any damping effect when rolling

b) tend to stall first at the root
c) not suffer adverse yaw effects when turning

6. True stalling speed of an aircraft increases with altitude

a) because reduced temperature causes compressibility effect
b) because air density is reduced
c) because humidity is increased and this increases drag

7. As a general rule, if the aerodynamic angle of incidence (angle of attack) of an aerofoil is slightly increased, the
centre of pressure will

a) never move
b) move forward towards the leading edge
c) move towards the tip

8. The "wing setting angle" is commonly known as

a) angle of incidence
b) angle of attack
c) angle of dihedral

9. On a very humid day, an aircraft taking off would require

a) a shorter take off run
b) a longer take off run
c) humidity does not affect the take off run

10. An aircraft is flying at 350 MPH, into a head wind of 75 MPH, what will its ground speed be?

a) 175 mph
b) 275 mph
c) 200 mph
=========================================
ans[1] = "c";
ans[2] = "b";
ans[3] = "c";
ans[4] = "c";
ans[5] = "b";
ans[6] = "b";
ans[7] = "b";
ans[8] = "a";
ans[9] = "b";
ans[10] = "b";

explain[1]="A decrease in incidence towards the wingtip (known as washout) causes the wing root to stall before the
wing tip. So, even after the wing roots have stalled, the wing tips are still flying and full aileron control is provided.";
explain[2]="Since the lift formula both contain density, L/D is unaffected with a change in density.";
explain[3]="Bernoulli's principle applies.";
explain[4]="Wing loading is aircraft weight divided by wing area, therefore an aircraft with a low wing loading will
require less landing speed, less landing run and have a decreased stalling speed.";
explain[5]="The change in downwash is referring to downwash which causes the root of the wing to stall before the
tip.";
explain[6]="Since lift provided by the wing reduces with density, the stalling speed increases with altitude due to the
decrease in altitude with density.";
explain[7]="As the angle of attack increases the centre of pressure moves towards the leading edge.";
explain[8]="The wing setting angle is commonly known as the 'angle of incidence'.";
explain[9]="Since water vapour wighs less than dry air, and it displaces dry air, the density on a humid day is less, and
an aircraft requires a longer take-off run.";
explain[10]="Ground speed = IAS minus headwind.";

=========================================
Exam Number:-9.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1. When does the angle of incidence change?

a) When the aircraft attitude changes

b) When the aircraft is ascending or descending
c) It never changes

2. As the angle of attack decreases, what happens to the centre of pressure?

a) It moves forward
b) It moves rearwards
c) Centre of pressure is not affected by angle of attack decrease

3. A decrease in pressure over the upper surface of a wing or aerofoil is responsible for

a) approximately 2/3 (two thirds) of the lift obtained

b) approximately 1/3 (one third) of the lift obtained
c) approximately 1/2 (one half) of the lift obtained

4. Which of the four forces act on an aircraft?

a) Lift, gravity, thrust and drag

b) Weight, gravity, thrust and drag
c) Lift, weight, gravity and drag

5. Which of the following types of drag increases as the aircraft gains altitude?

a) Parasite drag
b) Induced drag
c) Interference drag

6. Correcting for a disturbance which has caused a rolling motion about the longitudinal axis would re-establish
which of the following?

a) Lateral stability
b) Directional stability
c) Longitudinal stability

7. The layer of air over the surface of an aerofoil which is slower moving, in relation to the rest of the airflow, is
known as
a) camber layer
b) boundary layer
c) none of the above

8. What is a controlling factor of turbulence and skin friction?

a) Aspect ratio
b) Fineness ratio
c) Counter sunk rivets used on skin exterior

9. Changes in aircraft weight

a) will not affect total drag since it is dependant only upon speed
b) cause corresponding changes in total drag due to the associated lift change
c) will only affect total drag if the lift is kept constant

10. The aircraft stalling speed will

a) increase with an increase in weight

b) be unaffected by aircraft weight changes since it is dependant upon the angle of attack
c) only change if the MTMA were changed
=========================================
ans[1] = "c";
ans[2] = "b";
ans[3] = "a";
ans[4] = "a";
ans[5] = "b";
ans[6] = "a";
ans[7] = "b";
ans[8] = "c";
ans[9] = "b";
ans[10] = "a";

explain[1]="The angle of incidence is the angle at which the wing is 'set' into the fuselage. It never changes.";
explain[2]="The centre of pressure moves FORWARDS with an INCREASE in angle of attack. Therefore it moves
REARWARDS with a DECREASE in angle of attack.";
explain[3]="Look at a diagram of the lift distributions on the top and bottom surfaces of a wing. 2/3rds of the lift is
provided by the top surface.";
explain[4]="The four forces on an aircaft are lift, weight (gravity), thrust and drag.";
explain[5]="As density decreases with altitude, the lift must be compensated by increasing speed. Induced drag
increases with the square of the speed, therefore induced drag increases with altitude.";
explain[6]="The aircraft's response to rolling is lateral stability.";
explain[7]="The boundary is the layer of air in immediate contact with the skin of the aircraft which is slowed down by
skin friction.";
explain[8]="Countersunk rivets reduce skin friction and turbulence.";
explain[9]="A change in aircraft weight will require a change in lift. Increasing aircraft lift increases aircraft drag (lift
dependant drag). Total drag is induced drag plus parasite drag.";
explain[10]="With an increase in aircraft weight, the aircraft must fly with a greater angle of attack. Therefore it will
stall at a higher speed.";

=========================================
For full explanations of all these questions, and for many more new and up-to-date questions, with correct
answers, full explanations, downloadable material and Tutorial Support, please visit
[Link]
Exam Number:-10.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. In a bank and turn

a) extra lift is not required

b) extra lift is not required if thrust is increased
c) extra lift is required

2. To maintain straight and level flight on the aeroplane shown, with a decrease in tail-plane download the mainplane
lift would have to

a) remain constant
b) decrease
c) increase

3. To achieve the maximum distance in a glide, the recommended air speed is

a) as close to the stall as practical

b) as high as possible with VNE
c) the speed where the L/D ratio is maximum

4. If the C of G is aft of the Centre of Pressure

a) changes in lift produce a pitching moment which acts to increase the change in lift
b) when the aircraft sideslips, the C of G causes the nose to turn into the sideslip thus applying a restoring moment
c) when the aircraft yaws the aerodynamic forces acting forward of the Centre of Pressure

5. Porpoising is an oscillatory motion in the

a) pitch plane
b) roll plane
c) yaw plane

6. Directional stability is maintained

a) by the mainplanes, and controlled by the ailerons

b) by the tailplane, and controlled by the elevators
c) by the keel surface and fin, and controlled by the rudder

7. Due to the interference effects of the fuselage, when a high wing aeroplane sideslips

a) the accompanying rolling due to keel surface area is destabilizing

b) the accompanying lift changes on the wings produces a stabilizing effect
c) the accompanying rolling due to the fin is destabilizing

8. The power required in a horizontal turn

a) is greater than that for level flight at the same airspeed
b) must be the same as that for level flight at the same airspeed
c) is less than that for level flight at the same airspeed

9. A wing mounted stall sensing device is located

a) usually on the under surface
b) always at the wing tip
c) always on the top surface

10. For an aircraft in a glide

a) thrust, drag, lift and weight act on the aircraft
b) weight, lift and drag act on the aircraft
c) weight and drag only act on the aircraft
=========================================
ans[1] = "c";
ans[2] = "b";
ans[3] = "c";
ans[4] = "a";
ans[5] = "a";
ans[6] = "c";
ans[7] = "b";
ans[8] = "a";
ans[9] = "a";
ans[10] = "b";

explain[1]="In a bank and turn, extra lift is required and this is usually provided by increasing the thrust.";
explain[2]="Total lift is mainplane lift minus tailplane download. If the tailplane download decreases, the total lift
increases. Therefore to maintain straight and level flight the mainplane lift would have to decrease.";
explain[3]="The most efficient angle of attack is when the L/D ratio is a maximum. This is usually around 4 degrees.";
explain[4]="If the C of G is aft of the centre of pressure, an increase in lift will pitch the aircraft nose-up, which will
increase the lift even further etc. etc.";
explain[5]="Porpoising is an oscillatory motion in the pitch plane.";
explain[6]="Directional stability is maintained by the keel surface and the fin and controlled by the rudder.";
explain[7]="When a high wing aircraft sideslips, the upper wing is shielded from some of the airflow by the fuselage.
The upper wing's lift reduces, it drops and the aircraft opposes the sideslip.";
explain[8]="Since some of the lift vector is used to turn the aircraft, there will be a tendancy to reduce height. To
maintain height, power must be increased to compensate.";
explain[9]="A wing mounted stall sensing device is mounted just underneath the wing leading edge.";
explain[10]="For an aircraft in a glide, weight lift and drag act. The weight produces the forward motion.";

=========================================
Exam Number:-11.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1. The upper part of the wing in comparison to the lower

a) develops more lift

b) develops the same lift
c) develops less lift

2. What effect would a forward CG have on an aircraft on landing?

a) Increase stalling speed

b) No effect on landing
c) Reduce stalling speed

3. QNH refers to

a) Quite near horizon

b) setting the altimeter to zero
c) setting the mean sea level atmospheric pressure so an altimeter reads the aerodrome altitude above mean sea
level

4. QNE refers to

a) Setting an altimeter to read aerodrome altitude above sea level

b) Quite new equipment
c) setting the mean sea level atmospheric pressure in accordance with ICAO standard atmosphere i.e. 1013
millibars

5. An aspect ratio of 8 would mean

a) span 64, mean chord 8

b) mean chord 64 , span 8
c) span squared 64 ,chord 8

6. If an aircraft in level flight loses engine power it will

a) pitch nose up
b) pitch nose down
c) not change pitch without drag increasing

7. QFE is
a) sea level pressure
b) airfield pressure
c) difference between sea level and airfield pressure

8. The lift /drag ratio at stall

a) increases
b) decreases
c) is unchanged

9. On a straight unswept wing, stall occurs at

a) the thick portion at the wing root
b) the thick portion at the wing tip
c) the thin portion at the wing tip

10. During a climb from a dive

a) the thrust required is greater than required for level flight

b) the thrust required is lower than for level flight
c) the thrust required is the same as for level flight
=========================================
ans[1] = "a";
ans[2] = "a";
ans[3] = "c";
ans[4] = "a";
ans[5] = "a";
ans[6] = "b";
ans[7] = "b";
ans[8] = "b";
ans[9] = "a";
ans[10] = "b";

explain[1]="Look at the lift distribution diagram of an aerofoil and see how approximately 2/3rds of the lift is derived
from the top surface.";
explain[2]="A forward CG would require the tail of the aircraft to exert more download to keep the nose level. This
will increase the wing loading and thus the aircraft would stall at a higher speed.";
explain[3]="'Q' is the mathematical symbol for pressure. 'NH' stands for Nautical Height. QNH refers to the setting of
the mean sea level atmospheric pressure (i.e. 1013mb) so the altimeter indicates the altitude above mean sea level.";
explain[4]="'Q' is the mathematical symbol for pressure. 'NE' stands for Nautical Elevation. QNE refers to the setting
of sea level atmospheric pressure so the altimeter indicates the actual altitude above sea level of the non-standard day.";
explain[5]="Aspect Ratio is the ratio of the span to the chord.";
explain[6]="Assuming that the thrust-drag couple is a pitch-up couple (as it would be on a low engined aircraft) then
losing engine power will lose the pitch up moment so the aircraft will pitch nose down.";
explain[7]="'Q' is the mathematical symbol for pressure. 'FE' stands for Field Elevation. QFE refers to setting airfield
pressure so the altimeter indicates zero on the runway.";
explain[8]="At stall the lift drops drastically and drag increases. Therefore the lift/drag ratio decreases.";
explain[9]="On a straight unswept wing, the stall always occurs at the root. This is the preferred stall characteristic.";
explain[10]="Due to the speed and momentum gained during the dive, the aircraft will initially climb with less required
thrust.";

=========================================
For full explanations of all these questions, and for many more new and up-to-date questions, with correct
answers, full explanations, downloadable material and Tutorial Support, please visit
[Link]
Exam Number:-12.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. When power is off, the aircraft will pitch

a) nose down
b) nose up
c) trim level

2. Angle of attack on a down going wing in a roll

a) increases
b) decreases
c) unaffected

3. For any given speed, a decrease in aircraft weight, the induced drag will

a) increase
b) decrease
c) remain the same

4. The amount of lift generated by a wing is

a) greatest at the root
b) greatest at the tip
c) constant along the span

5. Induced Drag is

a) greatest towards the wing root and downwash is greatest at the tip
b) greatest towards the wing tip and downwash is greatest towards the root
c) greatest towards the tip and downwash decreases from tip to root

6. Induced Drag is

a) equal to profile drag at stalling angle

b) equal to profile drag at Vmd
c) never equal to profile drag

7. With an increase in aircraft weight

a) Vmd will be at the same speed

b) Vmd will be at a lower speed
c) Vmd will be at a higher speed

8. For a given IAS an increase in altitude will result in

a) no change in the value of induced drag

b) an increase in induced drag
c) an increase in profile drag

9. As the angle of attack of a wing is increased in level flight

a) the Cof G moves aft and the Cof P forward

b) the Cof P and transition point move forward
c) the Cof P moves forward and the stagnation point aft over the upper surface

10. Stall inducers may be fitted to a wing

a) at the tip to cause the root to stall first

b) at the root to cause the tip to stall first
c) at the root to cause the root to stall first
=========================================
ans[1] = "a";
ans[2] = "a";
ans[3] = "b";
ans[4] = "a";
ans[5] = "c";
ans[6] = "b";
ans[7] = "c";
ans[8] = "b";
ans[9] = "b";
ans[10] = "c";

explain[1]="Assuming that the thrust-drag couple is a pitch-up couple (as it would be on a low engined aircraft) then
losing engine power will lose the pitch up moment so the aircraft will pitch nose down.";
explain[2]="The downgoing wing experiences an upflow of air. This increases angle of attack and lift and thus
opposes the role. Ths is the basic mechanism of dynamic stability.";
explain[3]="Induced drag is 'lift dependant drag'. Less lift and there will be less induced drag. Decreasing the lift
decreases the induced drag.";
explain[4]="See a diagram of the lift distribution of the wing (viewed from the front) and you will see it is parabolic.
The wing tip vortices decrease the lift at the tips.";
explain[5]="Induced drag is associated with wintip vortices. The greater the vortices at the tip, the greater is the
induced drag.";
explain[6]="Sketch the drag curves (drag against speed). Induced drag decreases exponentially with speed. Profile
drag increases exponentially with speed. Vmd (minimum drag speed) is where they meet.";
explain[7]="Sketch the drag curves (drag against speed). Induced drag decreases exponentially with speed. Profile
drag increases exponentially with speed. The induced drag is elevated with weight (since it is lift dependant) and so
cuts the profile drag further to the right (higher Vmd)";
explain[8]="The lift required when an aircraft increases altitude is the same, so with a decrease in density the aircraft
must fly with a greater angle of attack (CL). Induced drag is dependant upon CL therefore induced drag increases with
altitude..";
explain[9]="As angle of attack increases in level flight, CofP moves forward and the Transition Point (the point at
which the laminar flow breaks away and forms into turbulent flow) also moves forward.";
explain[10]="Stall inducers (or stall strips) are placed at the root of the wing to trip up the airflow just before full stall
to ensure the wing stalls first at the root (and maintains the aileron authority even with a partially stalled wing).";

=========================================
Exam Number:-13.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. With increasing altitude pressure decreases and

a) temperature decreases at the same rate as pressure reduces

b) temperature decreases but at a lower rate than pressure reduces
c) temperature remains constant to 8000 ft

2. The Centre of Pressure is

a) the point on the chord line at which the resultant lift force may be said to act
b) the point of maximum pressure on the under surface of the wing
c) the centre of gravity of the wing

3. If the angle of attack is increased the Centre of Pressure will

a) move forward
b) move rearward
c) remain stationary

4. The optimum angle of attack of an aerofoil is the angle at which

a) the aerofoil produces maximum lift

b) the aerofoil produces zero lift
c) the highest lift/drag ratio is produced

5. A high aspect ratio wing has a

a) increased induced drag

b) decreased induced drag
c) decreased skin friction drag

6. Minimum total drag of an aircraft occurs

a) at the stalling speed

b) when profile drag equals induced drag
c) when induced drag is least

7. If the weight of an aircraft is increased, the induced drag at a given speed

a) will increase
b) will decrease
c) will remain the same

8. The transition point on a wing is the point where

a) the flow separates from the wing surface

b) the boundary layer flow changes from laminar to turbulent
c) the flow divides to pass above and below the wing

9. The boundary layer of a body in a moving airstream is

a) a thin layer of air over the surface where the air is stationary
b) a layer of separated flow where the air is turbulent
c) a layer of air over the surface where the airspeed is changing from free stream speed to zero speed

10. A laminar boundary layer will produce

a) more skin friction drag than a turbulent one

b) less skin friction drag than a turbulent one
c) the same skin friction drag as a turbulent one
=========================================
ans[1] = "b";
ans[2] = "a";
ans[3] = "a";
ans[4] = "c";
ans[5] = "b";
ans[6] = "a";
ans[7] = "a";
ans[8] = "b";
ans[9] = "a";
ans[10] = "b";

explain[1]="See a graph of pressure against altitude and temperature against altitude. Pressure decreases faster than
temperature therefore pressure has a greater effect upon the performance of the aircraft.";
explain[2]="The centre of Pressure is the point on the chord line at which the resultant lift force is said to act.";
explain[3]="If the angle of attack is increased the centre of pressure will move forwards.";
explain[4]="The optimum angle of attack is the angle at which the highest lift/drag ratio is produced.";
explain[5]="Induced drag decreases with increasing aspect ratio.";
explain[6]="Sketch the drag curves (drag against speed). Induced drag decreases exponentially with speed. Profile
drag increases exponentially with speed. Vmd (minimum drag speed) is where they meet.";
explain[7]="If weight is increased, for a given speed the aircraft must fly at a greater angle of attack (CL). Induced
drag increases with increased CL.";
explain[8]="The transition point is a point on the surface of the wing where the boundary layer changes from laminar to
turbulent.";
explain[9]="The boundary layer is a thin layer of stationary air in contact with the surface of the skin.";
explain[10]="Skin friction drag is greater in a turbulent boundary layer than in a laminar boundary layer.";

=========================================
Exam Number:-14.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Longitudinal stability is given by

a) the fin
b) the wing dihedral
c) the horizontal tailplane

2. Lateral stability is given by

a) the ailerons
b) the wing dihedral
c) the horizontal tailplane

3. Stability about the lateral axis is given by

a) wing dihedral
b) the horizontal tailplane
c) the ailerons

4. Sweepback of the wings will

a) increase lateral stability

b) decrease lateral stability
c) not affect the lateral stability

5. Dutch Roll is

a) a combined rolling and yawing motion

b) a type of slow roll
c) primarily a pitching instability

6. A high wing position gives

a) more lateral stability than a low wing

b) less lateral stability than a low wing
c) the same lateral stability as a low wing

7. On an aircraft in an unpowered steady speed descent

a) the lift equals the weight

b) the weight equals the drag
c) the weight equals the resultant of the lift and drag

8. When an aircraft rolls to enter a turn and power is not increased

a) the lift equals the weight
b) the lift is greater than the weight
c) the lift is less than the weight

9. The boundary layer is

a) thickest at the leading edge
b) thickest at the trailing edge
c) constant thickness from leading to trailing edges

10. The amount of thrust produced by a jet engine or a propeller can be calculated using

a) Newton’s 1st law

b) Newton’s 2nd law
c) Newton’s 3rd law
=========================================
ans[1] = "c";
ans[2] = "b";
ans[3] = "b";
ans[4] = "a";
ans[5] = "a";
ans[6] = "a";
ans[7] = "c";
ans[8] = "c";
ans[9] = "b";
ans[10] = "b";

explain[1]="The horizontal stabilizer (tailplane) provides longitudinal stability.";

explain[2]="The wing dihedral provides lateral stability.";
explain[3]="Stability about the lateral axis is longitudinal stability. The horizontal stabilizer (tailplane) provides
longitudinal stability.";
explain[4]="Wing sweepback increases the 'effective' dihedral of the wing (10 degrees of sweepback has the same
effect as 1 degree of dihedral) and therefore increases lateral stability.";
explain[5]="Dutch role is a combination of role and yaw.";
explain[6]="The pendulum effect produced by the fuselage of a high wing aircraft provides more lateral stability.";
explain[7]="In an unpowerd descent, the weight equals the resultant of the lift and the drag.";
explain[8]="When an aircraft roles into a turn and power is not increased, the lift is greater than the weight and the
aircraft will begin to descend.";
explain[9]="The boundary layer is thickest at the trailing edge.";
explain[10]="Newton's second law is Force = Mass x Acceleration.";

=========================================
For full explanations of all these questions, and for many more new and up-to-date questions, with correct
answers, full explanations, downloadable material and Tutorial Support, please visit
[Link]
Exam Number:-15.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1. An engine which produces an efflux of high speed will be

a) more efficient
b) less efficient
c) speed of efflux has no affect on the engine efficiency

2. When an aircraft with a Cof G forward of the Cof P rolls, the nose of the aircraft will

a) stay level
b) raise
c) drop

3. Directional stability may be increased with

a) pitch dampers
b) horn balance
c) yaw dampers

4. Lateral stability may be increased with

a) increased lateral dihedral

b) increased lateral anhedral
c) increased longitudinal dihedral

5. Longitudinal stability is increased if the

a) CP moves forward of the CG

b) Thrust acts on a line below the total drag
c) CG is forward of the CP

6. Wing loading is calculated by weight

a) divided by gross wing area

b) divided by lift
c) multiplied by gross wing area

7. Induced drag is

a) inversely proportional to the square of speed

b) proportional to speed
c) nothing to do with speed

8. In a bank, the weight is

a) increased
b) decreased
c) the same

9. L/D ratio is

a) higher at supersonic cruise speed

b) higher at sub sonic speed
c) the same

10. The power required at low altitude for a given IAS is

a) the same as at high altitude
b) higher
c) lower
=========================================
ans[1] = "b";
ans[2] = "c";
ans[3] = "c";
ans[4] = "a";
ans[5] = "c";
ans[6] = "a";
ans[7] = "a";
ans[8] = "c";
ans[9] = "b";
ans[10] = "a";

explain[1]="A pure turbojet accelerates a low mass of air at a high rate and is less efficient than a turbo fan or turbo
prop.";
explain[2]="Since the weight-lift couple is a nose down moment, a reduction of the lift (when the aircraft roles some of
the lift vector is used to turn the aircraft) will cause the nose to rise.";
explain[3]="Yaw dampers increase directional stability.";
explain[4]="Lateral dihedral increases lateral stability. (BTW: Longitudinal stability is the difference between
mainplane and tailplane angles of incidence)";
explain[5]="If the CG is forward of the CP it will have a nose-down tendancy which makes the aircraft less likely to
stall and therefore it will have more longitudinal stability.";
explain[6]="Wing loading is weight divided by wing area and measured in Newtons per square metre.";
explain[7]="Induced drag is inversely proportional to the square of the speed - i.e. it reduces with the square of the
speed.";
explain[8]="The weight is not changed unless you throw something out of the aircraft.";
explain[9]="Because drag increases in thew supersonic range the lift/drag ratio will be higher at subsonic speed.";
explain[10]="Since drag is the same at all altitudes , the power required is the same at all altitudes.";

=========================================
Exam Number:-16.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1. If the stall speed is 75 knots what is the same stall speed in mph

a) 75 x 0.87
b) 75 / 0.87
c) 75 / 0.87 x relative density

2. As the angle of attack increases the stagnation point

a) moves towards the upper surface

b) moves towards the lower surface
c) does not move

3. The term pitch-up is due to

a) compressibility effect
b) ground effect
c) longitudinal instability

4. In a steady climb at a steady IAS, the TAS is

a) more than IAS

b) less than IAS
c) the same

5. An untapered wing will

a) have no yaw effect in banking

b) have no change in induced drag in the bank
c) stall at the root first

6. With the ailerons away from the neutral, induced drag is

a) unchanged but profile drag is higher

b) higher on the lower wing plus profile drag increases
c) higher on the upper wing plus profile drag increases

7. The lift drag ratio is

a) higher at mach numbers above supersonic

b) higher at sub sonic mach numbers
c) the same

8. The force opposing thrust is

a) drag
b) lift
c) Weight

9. Directional stability is about the

a) normal axis
b) longitudinal axis
c) lateral axis

10. Lateral stability is about the

a) longitudinal axis
b) normal axis
c) vertical axis
=========================================
ans[1] = "b";
ans[2] = "b";
ans[3] = "a";
ans[4] = "a";
ans[5] = "c";
ans[6] = "c";
ans[7] = "b";
ans[8] = "a";
ans[9] = "a";
ans[10] = "a";

explain[1]="MPH = Knots/0.87 and Knots = MPH x 1.15.";

explain[2]="The stagnation point is the stationary air at the leading edge of the wing. As the angle of attack increases
the stagnation point moves towards the lower surface.";
explain[3]="'Pitch-up' is a term given to the instability caused by the compressibility effect in the transonic range.";
explain[4]="IAS is a function of density. If density reduces with altitude, the TAS must increase if the aircraft
maintntains a steady IAS.";
explain[5]="The straight wing will always stall at the root first. This is the desired stall characteristic.";
explain[6]="Induced drag is 'lift dependant drag'. The upper wing has more lift and hence more induced drag. It also
has more profile drag due to the aileron's protrusion into the airflow.";
explain[7]="Since drag is higher in supersonic flight, the Lift/Drag ratio will be higher at sub-sonic speeds.";
explain[8]="The force opposing thrust is drag.";
explain[9]="Directional stability is stability about the normal axis.";
explain[10]="Lateral stability is stability about the longitudinal axis.";

=========================================
Exam Number:-17.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1. All the lift can be said to act through the

a) centre of pressure
b) centre of gravity
c) normal axis

2. Longitudinal stability is provided by the

a) horizontal stabilizer
b) vertical stabilizer
c) mainplane

3. The concept of thrust is explained by

a) Newton’s 1st law

b) Newton’s 3rd law
c) Bernoulli’s theorem

4. The camber of an aerofoil section is

a) the curvature of the median line of the aerofoil

b) the angle of incidence towards the tip of a wing
c) the angle which the aerofoil makes with the relative airflow

5. If the aircraft turns and side-slips

a) the sweepback of the wing will correct the sideslip

b) the dihedral of the wing will correct the sideslip
c) the keel surface will correct the sideslip

6. Movement of an aircraft about its lateral axis

a) is pitching
b) is rolling
c) is yawing

7. Induced drag

a) is caused by skin friction

b) results from disturbed airflow in the region of mainplane attachments
c) is associated with the lift generated by an aerofoil

8. The centre of pressure is

a) the point on the chord line through which the total resultant lift force on the aerofoil may be said to act
b) the point of maximum pressure on the undersurface of a mainplane
c) the point at which the four forces acting on an aircraft are said to act

9. At what altitude is tropopause

a) 63,000 ft.
b) 36,000 ft.
c) 57,000 ft.

10. What approximate percentage of oxygen is in the atmosphere

a) 12%
b) 21%
c) 78%
=========================================
ans[1] = "a";
ans[2] = "a";
ans[3] = "b";
ans[4] = "a";
ans[5] = "b";
ans[6] = "a";
ans[7] = "c";
ans[8] = "a";
ans[9] = "b";
ans[10] = "b";

explain[1]="All the lift is said to act through the centre of pressure.";

explain[2]="Longitudinal stability is provided by the horizontal stabiliser (tailplane).";
explain[3]="Newton's Third Law states 'Every action has an equal and opposite reaction'.";
explain[4]="Aerofoil camber is the curvature of the median line of the aerofoil.";
explain[5]="As the aircraft turns and sideslips the dihedral of the wing will correct the sideslip due to the increased lift
on the downgoing wing.";
explain[6]="Movement of an aircraft about its lateral axis is 'pitching'.";
explain[7]="Induced drag is often called 'lift dependant drag' because it increases with increasing lift.";
explain[8]="The C of P is the point at which the sum of all the forces on the aircraft can be said to act.";
explain[9]="The tropopause is 36,000 ft. Above the tropopause is the troposphere.";
explain[10]="21% oxygen, 78% nitrogen, 1% other gases.";

=========================================
For full explanations of all these questions, and for many more new and up-to-date questions, with correct
answers, full explanations, downloadable material and Tutorial Support, please visit
[Link]
Exam Number:-18.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1. Which has the greater density

a) air at low altitude

b) air at high altitude
c) it remains constant

2. As air flows over the upper cambered surface of an aerofoil, what happens to velocity and pressure?

a) Velocity decreases, pressure decreases

b) Velocity increases, pressure increases
c) Velocity increases, pressure decreases

3. What is the force that tends to pull an aircraft down towards the earth?

a) Drag
b) Thrust
c) Weight

4. Which of the following act in opposition to forward movement?

a) Lift
b) Gravity
c) Drag

5. The angle at which the chord line of the aerofoil is presented to the airflow is known as

a) angle of attack
b) angle of incidence
c) resultant

6. The imaginary straight line which passes through an aerofoil section from leading edge to trailing edge is called

a) centre of pressure
b) the direction of relative airflow
c) the chord line

7. What is the angle between the chord line of the wing, and the longitudinal axis of the aircraft, known as
a) angle of attack
b) angle of incidence
c) angle of dihedral

8. An aircraft disturbed from its normal flight path, and automatically returns to that normal flight path, without any
action on the part of the pilot is known as
a) aircraft stability
b) aircraft instability
c) aircraft stall

9. Directional control is provided by

a) horizontal stabilizer
b) rudder
c) elevator

10. About which axis of the aircraft does a rolling motion take place?

a) Normal axis
b) Longitudinal axis
c) Lateral axis
=========================================
ans[1] = "a";
ans[2] = "c";
ans[3] = "c";
ans[4] = "c";
ans[5] = "a";
ans[6] = "c";
ans[7] = "b";
ans[8] = "a";
ans[9] = "b";
ans[10] = "b";

explain[1]="Air density reduces with altitude.";

explain[2]="As airflows over the upper cambered surface of an aerofoil, velcity increases and pressure decreases. This
is Bernoulli's effect.";
explain[3]="Weight tends to pull the aircraft down towards the earth.";
explain[4]="Drag is opposition to forward movement.";
explain[5]="Angle of Attack is the angle at which the chord line of the aerofoil is presented to the airflow.";
explain[6]="The Chord Line is the imaginary straight line which passes through the aerofoil from leading edge to
trailing edge.";
explain[7]="Angle of incidence is the angle between the chord line of the wing and the longitudinal axis of the
aircraft.";
explain[8]="Stability is the aircraft's ability for the aircraft to return to its normal flightpath after being disturbed.";
explain[9]="The rudder provides directional control.";
explain[10]="Rolling takes place about the longitudinal axis.";

=========================================
Exam Number:-19.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1. Which motion happens about the lateral axis?

a) Pitching
b) Yawing
c) Rolling

2. Wing tip vortices create a type of drag known as

a) form drag
b) induced drag
c) profile drag

3. Which of the following describes the “Empennage”?

a) Nose section of an aircraft, including the cockpit

b) Tail section of the aircraft, including fin, rudder, tail plane and elevators
c) The wings, including the ailerons

4. At what altitude does stratosphere commence approximately?

a) Sea level
b) 63,000 ft
c) 36,000 ft

5. When an aircraft is in straight and level unaccelerated flight, which of the following is correct?

a) Lift and weight are equal, and thrust and drag are equal
b) Lift greater than weight, and thrust greater than drag
c) Lift greater than weight, and thrust is less than drag

6. As the angle of attack is increased (up to the stall point), which of the following is correct?

a) Pressure difference between top and bottom of the wing increases

b) Lift increases
c) Both a) and b) are correct

7. The fin gives stability about which axis?

a) Lateral axis
b) Normal axis
c) Longitudinal axis

8. What is the horizontal movement of the nose of the aircraft called?

a) Rolling movement
b) Pitching movement
c) Yawing movement

9. What type of drag, depends on the smoothness of the body, and surface area over which the air flows?
a) Parasite drag
b) Form drag
c) Skin friction drag

10. If the nose of the aircraft is rotated about its lateral axis, what is its directional movement?

a) Turning to the left or right

b) Rolling or banking to the left or right
c) Climbing or diving
=========================================
ans[1] = "a";
ans[2] = "b";
ans[3] = "b";
ans[4] = "b";
ans[5] = "a";
ans[6] = "c";
ans[7] = "b";
ans[8] = "c";
ans[9] = "c";
ans[10] = "c";

explain[1]="Pitching is movement about the lateral axis.";

explain[2]="Induced drag is associated with wingtip vortices.";
explain[3]="'Empannage' is the whole tail of the aircraft including fin, rudder, tailplane and elevator.";
explain[4]="The stratosphere is above 63,000 ft.";
explain[5]="In straight and level unaccelerated flight, lift equals weight and thrust equals drag.";
explain[6]="As the angle of attack is increased the pressure difference between the upper and lower surfaces of the
wing is increased. This causes the lift to increase.";
explain[7]="The fin gives stability about the normal axis.";
explain[8]="Horizontal movement of the nose of the aircraft is 'yawing'.";
explain[9]="Skin friction drag depends upon the smoothness of the body and the surface area.";
explain[10]="For an aircraft to climb or dive it must be rotated about ts lateral axis.";

=========================================
Exam Number:-20.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1. When air flow velocity over an upper cambered surface of an aerofoil decreases, what takes place?

a) Pressure increases, lift decreases

b) Pressure increases, lift increases
c) Pressure decreases, lift increases

2. When an aircraft stalls

a) lift and drag increase

b) lift increases and drag decreases
c) lift decreases and drag increases

3. Wing loading is

a) the maximum all up weight multiplied by the total wing area

b) the maximum all up weight divided by the total wing area
c) the ratio of the all up weight of the aircraft to its basic weight

4. An aircraft wing with an aspect ration of 6:1 is proportional so that

a) the mean chord is six times the thickness

b) the wing span is six times the mean chord
c) the wing area is six times the span

5. Upward and outward inclination of a mainplane is termed

a) sweep
b) dihedral
c) stagger

6. The function of an aircraft fin

a) is to provide stability about the normal axis

b) is to provide directional control
c) is to provide straight airflow across the rudder

7. Movement of an aircraft about its normal axis

a) is pitching
b) is rolling
c) is yawing

8. A pressure of one atmosphere is equal to

a) 14.7 psi
b) 100 millibar
c) 1 inch Hg.

9. The millibar is a unit of

a) atmospheric temperature
b) pressure altitude
c) barometric pressure

10. With an increase in altitude under I.S.A. conditions the temperature in the troposphere

a) increases
b) decreases
c) remains constant
=========================================
ans[1] = "a";
ans[2] = "c";
ans[3] = "b";
ans[4] = "b";
ans[5] = "b";
ans[6] = "a";
ans[7] = "c";
ans[8] = "a";
ans[9] = "c";
ans[10] = "c";

explain[1]="When airflow velocity over the upper cambered surface of an aerofoil DECREASES, the pressure
increases and thus the lift decreases.";
explain[2]="When an aircraft stalls the drag increases and the lift decreases.";
explain[3]="Wing Loading is maximum all-up-weight divided by wing area. Measured in Newtons per Square
Metre.";
explain[4]="If aspect ratio is 6:1 the wing span is 6 times the mean chord.";
explain[5]="Upward and outward inclination of a mainplane is termed dihedral.";
explain[6]="The function of the aicraft fin is to provide stability about the normal axis.";
explain[7]="'yawing' is movement of the aircraft about its normal axis.";
explain[8]="One atmosphere is 14.7 psi.";
explain[9]="Barometric pressure is measured in millibar.";
explain[10]="Temperature is constant in the troposphere.";

=========================================
For full explanations of all these questions, and for many more new and up-to-date questions, with correct
answers, full explanations, downloadable material and Tutorial Support, please visit
[Link]
Exam Number:-21.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1. Which of the following forces act on an aircraft in level flight?

a) Lift, thrust, and weight

b) Lift, thrust, weight, and drag
c) Lift, drag, thrust

2. When an aircraft is banked, the horizontal component of the lift

a) will tend to make the aircraft follow a circular path

b) will oppose the tendency of the aircraft to follow a circular path
c) will oppose the weight thus requiring more total lift in the turn

3. If, after a disturbance, an aeroplane initially returns to its equilibrium state

a) it has neutral stability

b) it has static stability and may be dynamically stable
c) it is neutrally unstable

4. Stability of an aircraft is

a) the tendency of the aircraft to return to its original trimmed position after having been displaced
b) the ability of the aircraft to rotate about an axis
c) the tendency of the aircraft to stall at low airspeeds

5. With reference to altimeters QFE is

a) setting aerodrome atmospheric pressure so that an altimeter reads zero on landing and take off
b) quite fine equipment
c) the manufacturers registered name

6. Under the ICAO “Q” code there are which three settings?

a) QFE , QNH , QNE

b) QEF , QNH , QEN
c) QE , QN , QQE

7. Wing loading is

a) GROSS WEIGHT divided by GROSS WING AREA

b) WING AREA x WING CHORD
c) the ultimate tensile strength of the wing

8. The three axes concerned with stability of an aircraft have

a) normal axis through C of G. Lateral axis - wing tip to wing tip. Longitudinal axis - nose to tail but not through C
of G
b) longitudinal, lateral and normal axis all passing through aircraft centre of gravity
c) longitudinal axis nose to tail, lateral axis at furthest span point, normal axis through centre of pressure

9. A barometer indicates

a) pressure
b) density
c) temperature

10. If an aircraft returns to a position of equilibrium it is said to be

a) negatively stable
b) neutrally stable
c) positively stable
=========================================
ans[1] = "b";
ans[2] = "a";
ans[3] = "b";
ans[4] = "a";
ans[5] = "a";
ans[6] = "a";
ans[7] = "a";
ans[8] = "b";
ans[9] = "a";
ans[10] = "c";

explain[1]="Lift, thrust, weight and drag act on an aircraft in level flight.";

explain[2]="When an aircraft is banked, the horizontal component of lift makes the aircraft follow a circular path.";
explain[3]="Static stability is when an aircraft returns to its equilibrium (trimmed) state. Dynamis stability is the
ability of the aircraft to oppose the disturbance";
explain[4]="Stability is the tendancy for the aircraft to return to its original position after being displaced.";
explain[5]="Q is the mathematical symbol for pressure. FE stands for Filed Elevation. QFE regfers to setting the
altimeter to aerodrome atmospheric pressure so the altimeter reads zero on landing and takeoff.";
explain[6]="The ICAO 'Q' codes are QFE. QNE, QNH.";
explain[7]="Wing loading is gross weight divided by wing area measured in Newtons per Square Metre.";
explain[8]="The longitudinal, lateral and normal axis all pass through the aircraft's centre of gravity.";
explain[9]="A barameter indicates pressure.";
explain[10]="If an aircraft is positively stable it will return to its trimmed position.";

=========================================
Exam Number:-22.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1. The pendulum effect on a high wing aircraft

a) increases lateral stability

b) decreases lateral stability
c) has no effect on lateral stability

2. The amount of water vapour in the air (humidity holding capacity of the air) is

a) greater on a colder day, and lower on a hotter day

b) greater on a hotter day and lower on a colder day
c) doesn't have a significant difference

3. Weight is equal to

a) volume x gravity
b) mass x acceleration
c) mass x gravity

4. Induced Drag

a) increases with an increase in speed

b) reduces with an increase in angle of attack
c) increases with increase in aircraft weight

5. Airflow over the upper surface of the wing generally

a) flows towards the root

b) flows towards the tip
c) flows straight from leading edge to trailing edge

6. With an increase in aspect ratio for a given ISA, induced drag will

a) remain constant
b) increase
c) reduce

7. With increasing altitude the angle at which a wing will stall

a) remains the same

b) reduces
c) increases

8. If the density of the air is increased, the lift will

a) increase
b) decrease
c) remain the same

9. All the factors that affect the lift produced by an aerofoil are

a) angle of attack, air density, velocity, wing area

b) angle of attack, air temperature, velocity, wing area
c) angle of attack, velocity, wing area, aerofoil shape, air density

10. A wing section suitable for high speed would be

a) thick with high camber
b) thin with high camber
c) thin with little or no camber
=========================================
ans[1] = "a";
ans[2] = "b";
ans[3] = "b";
ans[4] = "c";
ans[5] = "b";
ans[6] = "c";
ans[7] = "a";
ans[8] = "a";
ans[9] = "c";
ans[10] = "c";

explain[1]="Pendulum effect on a high wing aircraft increases lateral stability.";

explain[2]="The amount of water vapour in the air is greater on a hotter day.";
explain[3]="Weight = mass x gravity.";
explain[4]="Induced drag increase with aircraft weight because it is 'lift dependant drag'.";
explain[5]="Due to wing tip vortices there is a general flow of air from tip to root on the top surface, and root to tip on
the lower surface.";
explain[6]="A long slender wing (high aspect ratio) has a high induced drag.";
explain[7]="The angle at which a wing stalls does not chang - only the stall speed changes.";
explain[8]="See the formula for lift. Lift is directly proportional to air density.";
explain[9]="Lift formula is CL (includes aerofoil shape and angle of attack) x 1/2 x air density x velocity squared.";
explain[10]="A high speed wing is this with little or no camber.";

=========================================
For full explanations of all these questions, and for many more new and up-to-date questions, with correct
answers, full explanations, downloadable material and Tutorial Support, please visit
[Link]
Exam Number:-23.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1. The induced drag of an aircraft

a) increases with increasing speed

b) increases if aspect ratio is increased
c) decreases with increasing speed

2. As the speed of an aircraft increases the profile drag

a) increases
b) decreases
c) decreases at first then increase

3. The stagnation point on an aerofoil is the point where

a) the suction pressure reaches a maximum

b) the boundary layer changes from laminar to turbulent
c) the airflow is brought completely to rest

4. After a disturbance in pitch, an aircraft continues to oscillate at constant amplitude. It is

a) longitudinally unstable
b) longitudinally neutrally stable
c) laterally unstable

5. On an aircraft with an all-moving tailplane nose up pitch is caused by

a) increasing tailplane incidence

b) decreasing tailplane incidence
c) up movement of the trim tab

6. The stalling of an aerofoil is affected by the

a) airspeed
b) angle of attack
c) transition speed

7. What gives the aircraft directional stability?

a) Vertical stabiliser
b) Horizontal stabiliser
c) Elevators

8. The most fuel efficient of the following types of engine is the

a) rocket
b) turbo-jet engine
c) turbo-fan engine

9. The quietest of the following types of engine is the

a) rocket
b) turbo-jet engine
c) turbo-fan engine

10. Forward motion of a glider is provided by

a) the engine
b) the weight
c) the drag
=========================================
ans[1] = "c";
ans[2] = "a";
ans[3] = "c";
ans[4] = "b";
ans[5] = "b";
ans[6] = "b";
ans[7] = "a";
ans[8] = "c";
ans[9] = "c";
ans[10] = "b";

explain[1]="Induced drag decreases with increasing speed.";

explain[2]="Profile drag increases with increasing speed.";
explain[3]="The stagnation point on the aerofoil is the point where the airflow is brought completely to rest on the
leading edge.";
explain[4]="If an aircraft oscillates in pitch without the oscillations increasing or decreasing it is longitudinally
neutrally stable.";
explain[5]="To make the nose pitch up, the tailplane down load must be increased. This is done by decreasing its
incidence (or increasing its negative incidence).";
explain[6]="The stall position of an aerofoil is determined by its angle of attack only.";
explain[7]="The vertical stabiliser gives the aircraft directional stability.";
explain[8]="The turbo fan is the most fuel efficient engine.";
explain[9]="The turbo fan is the quietest engine.";
explain[10]="The weight provides forward motion of a glider.";

=========================================
Exam Number:-24.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1. Profile drag consists of what drag types?

a) Form, skin friction and interference

b) Form, induced and skin friction
c) Form, induced and interference

2. An aircraft in straight and level flight is subject to

a) zero load factor

b) a load factor of 1
c) a load factor of ½

3. Aspect ratio is given by the formula

a) Mean Chord
Span
b) Span2
Area
c) Span2
Mean Chord

4. On a high wing aircraft in a turn

a) the up going wing loses lift which has a de-stabilizing effect

b) the down going wing gains lift causing a stabilizing effect
c) the down going wing loses lift causing a de-stabilizing effect

5. Which condition is the actual amount of water vapour in a mixture of air and water?

a) Relative humidity
b) Dew point
c) Absolute humidity

6. An aspect ratio of 8 means

a) the span is 8 times the mean chord
b) the mean chord is 8 times the span
c) the area is 8 times the span

7. The ISA
a) is taken from the equator
b) is taken from 45 degrees latitude
c) assumes a standard day

8. Which will weigh the least?

a) 98 parts of dry air and 2 parts of water vapour
b) 35 parts of dry air and 65 parts of water vapour
c) 50 parts of dry air and 50 parts of water vapour

9. A high aspect ratio wing

a) is stiffer than a low aspect ratio wing
b) has less induced drag than a low aspect ratio wing
c) has a higher stall angle than a low aspect ratio wing

10. The thrust-drag couple overcomes the lift-weight couple. What force must the tail of the aircraft exert to maintain
the aircraft in a level attitude?
a) Down
b) Up
c) Sideways
=========================================
ans[1] = "a";
ans[2] = "b";
ans[3] = "b";
ans[4] = "b";
ans[5] = "c";
ans[6] = "a";
ans[7] = "b";
ans[8] = "a";
ans[9] = "b";
ans[10] = "b";

explain[1]="Profile consists of Form Drag, Skin Friction Drag and Interference Drag.";
explain[2]="An aircraft in straight and level flight is subject to a load factor of 1 (i.e. 1g).";
explain[3]="Aspect Ratio is span / mean chord. Multiply top and bottom by span and you get span squared / area.";
explain[4]="When an aircraft roles, the downgoing wing gains lift (due to the upflow of air causing an increased angle
of attack). This opposes the role.";
explain[5]="Absolute humidity is the 'actual' amount of water in a mixture of air and water.";
explain[6]="An Aspect Ratio of 8 means the span is 8 times the chord.";
explain[7]="The ISA is taken from 45 degrees latitude.";
explain[8]="Dry air is heavier than water vapour.";
explain[9]="A long slender wing (high aspect ratio) has less induced drag than a short stubby wing.";
explain[10]="Assuming the thrust-drag couple is a nose up couple (low engined aircraft) then if the thrust-drag couple
overcomes the lift-weight couple, the aircraft will pitch up. The tail of the aircraft needs to exert an upwards force to
maintain level flight.";

=========================================
For full explanations of all these questions, and for many more new and up-to-date questions, with correct
answers, full explanations, downloadable material and Tutorial Support, please visit
[Link]
Exam Number:-25.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1. Induced downwash

a) reduces the effective angle of attack of the wing

b) increases the effective angle of attack of the wing
c) has no effect on the angle of attack of the wing

2. During a turn, the stalling angle

a) increases
b) decreases
c) remains the same

3. Which is the ratio of the water vapour actually present in the atmosphere to the amount that would be present if
the air were saturated at the prevailing temperature and pressure?
a) Absolute humidity
b) Relative humidity.
c) Dew point

4. A straight rectangular wing, without any twist, will

a) have greater angle of attack at the tip

b) have the same angle of attack at all points along the span
c) have less angle of attack at the tip

5. If gauge pressure on a standard day is 25 PSI, the absolute pressure is

a) 10.3 PSI
b) 43.8 PSI
c) 39.7 PSI

6. The C of G moves in flight. The most likely cause of this is

a) movement of passengers
b) movement of cargo
c) consumption of fuel and oils

7. The speed of sound in the atmosphere

a) varies according to the frequency of the sound

b) changes with a change in temperature
c) changes with a change in pressure

8. A straight rectangular wing, without any twist, will

a) stall first at the tip
b) stall first at the root
c) stall equally along the span of the wing

9. What is sea level pressure?

a) 1013.2 mb
b) 1012.3 mb
c) 1032.2 mb

10. Which atmospheric conditions will cause the true landing speed of an aircraft to be the greatest?

a) Low temperature with low humidity

b) High temperature with low humidity
c) High temperature with high humidity
=========================================
ans[1] = "a";
ans[2] = "c";
ans[3] = "b";
ans[4] = "c";
ans[5] = "c";
ans[6] = "c";
ans[7] = "b";
ans[8] = "b";
ans[9] = "a";
ans[10] = "c";

explain[1]="Induced downwash reduces the effective angle of attack of the wing.";

explain[2]="The stalling ANGLE does not change. Only the stall speed changes.";
explain[3]="Relative humidity is the ratio of the water vapour actually present to the water vapour that the air would
hold if it were saturated.";
explain[4]="Due to wingtip vortices, there is more downwash at the tip, and therefore there is less angle of attack at the
tip.";
explain[5]="Absolute pressure = gauge pressure plus atmospheric pressure. Atmospheric pressure is 14.7 PSI.";
explain[6]="Consumption of fuel and oil causes the C of G to move in flight.";
explain[7]="Speed of sound is affected by air temperature.";
explain[8]="A straight rectangular wing will stall first at the root. This is because the effective angle of attack is
reduced at the tips because of the greater downwash at the tips.";
explain[9]="Sea level pressure is 1013.2 mb.";
explain[10]="High temperature and high humidity are the worst conditions for aircraft performance.";

=========================================
Exam Number:-26.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1. Which condition is the actual amount of water vapour in a mixture of air and water?

a) Relative humidity
b) Dew point
c) Absolute humidity

2. When the weight of an aircraft increases, the minimum drag speed

a) decreases
b) increases
c) remains the same

3. Which statement concerning heat and/or temperature is true?

a) There is an inverse relationship between temperature and heat.

b) Temperature is a measure of the kinetic energy of the molecules of any substance
c) Temperature is a measure of the potential energy of the molecules of any substance

4. Which is the ratio of the water vapour actually present in the atmosphere to the amount that would be present if
the air were saturated at the prevailing temperature and pressure?

a) Absolute humidity
b) Relative humidity
c) Dew point

5. When an aircraft experiences induced drag

a) air flows under the wing spanwise towards the tip and on top of the wing spanwise towards the root
b) air flows under the wing spanwise towards the root and on top of the wing spanwise towards the tip
c) Neither a) or b) since induced drag does not cause spanwise flow

6. What is absolute humidity?

a) The temperature to which humid air must be cooled at constant pressure to become saturated.
b) The actual amount of the water vapour in a mixture of air and water
c) The ratio of the water vapour actually present in the atmosphere to the amount that would be present if the air
were saturated at the prevailing temperature and pressure

7. Which atmospheric conditions will cause the true landing speed of an aircraft to be the greatest?
a) Low temperature with low humidity
b) High temperature with low humidity
c) High temperature with high humidity

8. If all, or a significant part of a stall strip is missing on an aeroplane wing, a likely result will be
a) increased lift in the area of installation on the opposite wing at high angles of attack
b) asymmetrical aileron control at low angles of attack
c) asymmetrical aileron control at or near stall angles of attack

9. When a leading edge slat opens, there is a gap between the slat and the wing. This is
a) to allow it to retract back into the wing
b) to allow air through to re-energize the boundary layer on top of the wing
c) to keep the area of the wing the same

10. An aeroplane wing is designed to produce lift resulting from relatively

a) positive air pressure below and above the wing's surface.

b) negative air pressure below the wing's surface and positive air pressure above the wing's surface.
c) positive air pressure below the wing's surface and negative air pressure above the wing's surface
=========================================
ans[1] = "c";
ans[2] = "b";
ans[3] = "b";
ans[4] = "b";
ans[5] = "a";
ans[6] = "c";
ans[7] = "c";
ans[8] = "c";
ans[9] = "b";
ans[10] = "c";

explain[1]="Absolute humidity is the 'actual' amount of water in a mixture of air and water.";
explain[2]="Vmd is where the induced drag curve intersects with the profile drag curve. Increasing the weight elevates
the induced drag (lift dependant drag) and therefore the intersection is shifted to the right (greater Vmd).";
explain[3]="Temperature is a measure of the kinetic energy of the molecules of a substance. Heat is a form of energy
exchange.";
explain[4]="Relative humidity is the ratio of the water vapour actually present to the water vapour that the air would
hold if it were saturated.";
explain[5]="Induced drag causes air to flow under the wing spanwise towards the tip and on top of the wing spanwise
towards the root.";
explain[6]="Relative humidity is the ratio of the water vapour actually present to the water vapour that the air would
hold if it were saturated.";
explain[7]="High temperature and high humidity are the worst conditions for aircraft performance.";
explain[8]="The stall strip is to make the root of the wing stall before the tip so at the stall point, full aileron control is
maintained.";
explain[9]="The gap which opens up when the leading edge slat opens is to allow high pressure through from beneath
the wing and re-energise the boundary layer on top of the wing.";
explain[10]="The wing is designed to produce lift resulting from relatively positive air pressure below the wing surface
and negative air pressure above the wing surface.";

=========================================
Exam Number:-27.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1. Aspect ratio of a wing is defined as the ratio of the

a) wingspan to the wing root

b) square of the chord to the wingspan
c) wingspan to the mean chord

2. Which of the following is true?

a) Lift acts at right angles to the wing chord line and weight acts vertically down
b) Lift acts at right angles to the relative airflow and weight acts vertically down
c) Lift acts at right angles to the relative air flow and weight acts at right angles to the aircraft centre line

3. The temperature to which humid air must be cooled at constant pressure to become saturated is called

a) dewpoint
b) absolute humidity
c) relative humidity

4. The airflow over the upper surface of a cambered wing

a) increases in velocity and pressure

b) increases in velocity and reduces in pressure
c) reduces in velocity and increases in pressure

5. Which type of flap increases the area of the wing?

a) Plain Flap
b) Fowler Flap
c) All flaps

6. If all, or a significant part of a stall strip is missing on an aeroplane wing, a likely result will be

a) increased lift in the area of installation on the opposite wing at high angles of attack
b) asymmetrical aileron control at low angles of attack
c) asymmetrical aileron control at or near stall angles of attack

7. With increased speed in level flight

a) induced drag increases

b) profile drag increases
c) profile drag remains constant

8. Deployment of flaps will result in

a) a decrease in stall angle

b) an increase in stall angle
c) a decrease in angle of attack

9. An aeroplane wing is designed to produce lift resulting from relatively

a) positive air pressure below and above the wing's surface.
b) negative air pressure below the wing's surface and positive air pressure above the wing's surface.
c) positive air pressure below the wing's surface and negative air pressure above the wing's surface.

10. The angle of attack of an aerofoil section is the angle between the

a) chord line and the relative airflow

b) underside of the wing surface and the mean airflow
c) chord line and the centre line of the fuselage
=========================================
ans[1] = "c";
ans[2] = "b";
ans[3] = "a";
ans[4] = "b";
ans[5] = "b";
ans[6] = "c";
ans[7] = "b";
ans[8] = "a";
ans[9] = "c";
ans[10] = "a";

explain[1]="Aspect ratio is defined as the ratio of the wing span to mean chord.";
explain[2]="Lift acts at right angles to the relative airflow and weight acts vertically down.";
explain[3]="The temperature to which humid air must be cooled to become saturated is called the 'due point'.";
explain[4]="Airflow flowing over the upper surface of an aerofoil increases in velocity and decreases in pressure.";
explain[5]="A fowler flap increases the wing area as well as increasing the wing camber.";
explain[6]="The stall strip is to make the root of the wing stall before the tip so at the stall point, full aileron control is
maintained.";
explain[7]="With increased speed in level flight, the profile drag increases and the induced drag decreases.";
explain[8]="Deployment of flaps increases camber and decreases stall angle.";
explain[9]="The wing is designed to produce lift resulting from relatively positive air pressure below the wing surface
and negative air pressure above the wing surface.";
explain[10]="Angle of attack of an aerofoil is the angle between the chord line and the relative air flow.";

=========================================
For full explanations of all these questions, and for many more new and up-to-date questions, with correct
answers, full explanations, downloadable material and Tutorial Support, please visit
[Link]
Exam Number:-28.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1. A swept wing tends to stall first at the

a) root
b) tip
c) centre section

2. Kreuger Flaps are normally fitted to

a) the trailing edge of the wings

b) the tips of the wings
c) the leading edge of the wings

3. Aspect ratio of a wing is defined as the ratio of the

a) wingspan to the wing root.

b) square of the chord to the wingspan.
c) wingspan to the mean chord

4. The trailing vortex on a pointed wing (taper ratio = 0) is

a) at the root
b) at the tip
c) equally all along the wing span

5. A high wing aircraft will be more

a) laterally stable than a low wing aircraft

b) longitudinally stable than a low wing aircraft
c) directionally stable than a low wing aircraft

6. A wing with a very high aspect ratio (in comparison with a low aspect ratio wing) will have

a) increased drag at high angles of attack.

b) a low stall speed.
c) poor control qualities at low airspeeds.

7. The lift curve for a delta wing is

a) more steep than that of a high aspect ratio wing

b) less steep than that of a high aspect ratio wing
c) the same as that of a high aspect ratio wing

8. After an aircraft has been disturbed from its straight and level flight, it returns to its original attitude with a small
amount of decreasing oscillation. The aircraft is

a) statically stable but dynamically unstable

b) statically unstable but dynamically stable
c) statically stable and dynamically stable

9. An increase in the speed at which an aerofoil passes through the air increases lift because
a) the increased speed of the airflow creates a greater pressure differential between the upper and lower surfaces.
b) the increased speed of the airflow creates a lesser pressure differential between the upper and lower surfaces.
c) the increased velocity of the relative wind increases the angle of attack

10. A delta wing has

a) a higher stall angle than a straight wing
b) a lower stall angle than a straight wing
c) the same stall angle than a straight wing
=========================================
ans[1] = "b";
ans[2] = "c";
ans[3] = "c";
ans[4] = "c";
ans[5] = "a";
ans[6] = "a";
ans[7] = "b";
ans[8] = "c";
ans[9] = "a";
ans[10] = "a";

explain[1]="A swept wing tends to stall first at the tip.";

explain[2]="Kreuger Flaps are normally fitted to the leading edge of the wings (ref: 737-100,200 etc.).";
explain[3]="Aspect ratio is defined as the ratio of the wingspan to the mean chord.";
explain[4]="Trailing vortex of a pointed wing is spread equally along the trailing edge.";
explain[5]="Due to pendulum effect of the fuselage, a high wing aircraft will be more laterally stable than a low wing
aircraft.";
explain[6]="A very high aspect ratio wing will have increased drag at high angles of attack.";
explain[7]="A delta wing produces less lift for any given angle of attack than any other type of wing.";
explain[8]="Static stability is the ability of the aircraft to return to its untrimmed position. Dynamic stability is the
ability of the aircraft to not oscillate about the trimmed position.";
explain[9]="Increasing the speed of an aerofoil increases the pressure differential between the upper and lower
surface.";
explain[10]="A delta wing has a much higher stall angle than a normal wing.";

=========================================
Exam Number:-29.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1. The Lift/Drag ratio of a wing at the stalling angle is

a) of a negative value
b) low
c) high

2. The airflow over the upper surface of a cambered wing

a) increases in velocity and pressure
b) increases in velocity and reduces in pressure
c) reduces in velocity and increases in pressure

3. The speed of air over a swept wing which contributes to the lift is

a) less than the aircraft speed

b) more than the aircraft speed
c) the same as the aircraft speed

4. For a given angle of attack induced drag is

a) greater on a high aspect ratio wing

b) greater towards the wing root
c) greater on a low aspect ratio wing

5. In straight and level flight, the angle of attack of a swept wing is

a) the same as the aircraft angle to the horizontal

b) more than the aircraft angle to the horizontal
c) less than the aircraft angle to the horizontal

6. Induced drag

a) is never equal to the profile drag

b) is equal to the profile drag at the stalling speed
c) is equal to the profile drag at Vmd

7. A delta wing aircraft flying at the same speed (subsonic) and angle of attack as a swept wing aircraft of similar
wing area will produce

a) the same lift

b) more lift
c) less lift

8. The stagnation point is

a) static pressure plus dynamic pressure

b) static pressure minus dynamic pressure
c) dynamic pressure only

9. On a swept wing aircraft, due to the adverse pressure gradient, the boundary layer on the upper surface of the wing
tends to flow
a) directly from leading edge to trailing edge
b) towards the tip
c) towards the root

10. With increased speed in level flight

a) induced drag increases
b) profile drag increases
c) profile drag remains constant
=========================================
ans[1] = "b";
ans[2] = "b";
ans[3] = "b";
ans[4] = "c";
ans[5] = "b";
ans[6] = "c";
ans[7] = "c";
ans[8] = "a";
ans[9] = "b";
ans[10] = "b";

explain[1]="At stall the lift drops rapidly and the drag increases rapidly. Lift/Drag ratio therefore decreases.";
explain[2]="Airflow over the upper surface of a cambered surface of the wing increases in velocity and decreases in
pressure.";
explain[3]="Airflow over the upper surface of a cambered surface of the wing has a greater velocity than the aircraft
speed.";
explain[4]="A low aspect ratio wing (short-stubby wing) has a greater induced drag.";
explain[5]="Angle of attack in straight and level flight is equal toi the angle of incidence which is more than the angle
of the aircraft (swept wing or not).";
explain[6]="Induced drag is equal to profile drag at Vmd.";
explain[7]="A delta wing aircraft at any given angle of attack and speed will produce less lift than any other type of
wing.";
explain[8]="At stagnation, the pressure is total (static plus dynamic).";
explain[9]="Due to adverse pressure gradient on a swept wing, the boundary layer slides towards the tip and thickens at
the tip.";
explain[10]="Profile drag increases with speed, induced drag decreases with speed.";

=========================================
For full explanations of all these questions, and for many more new and up-to-date questions, with correct
answers, full explanations, downloadable material and Tutorial Support, please visit
[Link]
Exam Number:-30.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. If a swept wing stalls at the tips first, the aircraft will

a) pitch nose up
b) pitch nose down
c) roll

2. The thickness/chord ratio of the wing is also known as

a) aspect ratio
b) mean chord ratio
c) fineness ratio

3. Flexure of a rearward swept wing will

a) increase the lift and hence increase the flexure

b) decrease the lift and hence decrease the flexure
c) increase the lift and hence decrease the flexure

4. A High Aspect Ratio wing is a wing with

a) long span, long chord

b) long span, short chord
c) short span, long chord

5. Stall commencing at the root is preferred because

a) the ailerons become ineffective

b) it provides the pilot with a warning of complete loss of lift
c) it will cause the aircraft to pitch nose up

6. An aircraft flying in “ground effect” will produce

a) more lift than a similar aircraft outside of ground effect

b) less lift than a similar aircraft outside of ground effect
c) the same lift as a similar aircraft outside of ground effect

7. If the angle of attack of a wing is increased in flight, the

a) C of P will move forward

b) C of G will move aft
c) C of P will move aft

8. The Rams Horn Vortex on a forward swept wing will be

a) the same as a rearward swept wing

b) more than a rearward swept wing
c) less than a rearward swept wing

9. When maintaining level flight an increase in speed will

a) cause the C of P to move aft

b) cause the C of P to move forward
c) have no affect on the position of the C of P

10. For a cambered wing section the zero lift angle of attack will be

a) zero
b) 4 degrees
c) negative
=========================================
ans[1] = "a";
ans[2] = "c";
ans[3] = "b";
ans[4] = "b";
ans[5] = "b";
ans[6] = "a";
ans[7] = "a";
ans[8] = "c";
ans[9] = "c";
ans[10] = "c";

explain[1]="Since the tips are behind the Centre of Gravity, losing the lift at the tips will cause the nose to rise.";
explain[2]="The thickness/chord ratio of the wing is also known as the fineness ratio.";
explain[3]="Flexure of a rearward swept wing will decrease the lift (since the wing presents its upper surface to the
airflow and the angle of attack reduces) and so the wing flexes back.";
explain[4]="Aspect ratio is the ratio of span to chord";
explain[5]="Stall commencing at the root causes turbulent air to hit the tailplane. The resulting 'buffet' warns the pilot
just before complete stall.";
explain[6]="An aircraft flying in ground effect will have more lift than an aircraft not flying in ground effect (which is
why seagulls glide close to the water surface).";
explain[7]="Increasing the angle of attack moves the CofP foreward.";
explain[8]="A forward swept wing does not suffer from the Rams Horn Vortex.";
explain[9]="A change in speed has no effect on the position of the CofP (providing angle of attack is not changed).";
explain[10]="A non symmetrical wing will produce some lift at zero degrees. Therefore it must have a negative angle
of attack to produce zero lift.";

=========================================