NCD Chronic diseases being of long duration, generally slow in progression, not passed from person
to person
Modifiable factors that individuals or communities can change or control through healthy lifestyle choices,
Risk Factors behavior modification, or policy interventions
Non- factors cannot be changed, but awareness and early detection can help reduce their effects
Modifiable
Demographic As populations age due to declining birth and death rates,
Transition risk , prevalence of NCDs rise because diseases closely associated with aging , lifestyle factor
Epidemiologic Improvements in sanitation, healthcare, and nutrition reduce infectious diseases,
Transition but modern lifestyle factors and urbanization lead to a higher burden of chronic NCDs
collective group of metabolic disorders characterized by chronic hyperglycemia resulting from
DM defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both.
disorder disrupts carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism, leading to significant morbidity
HTN persistently elevated pressure in systemic arteries, with BP expressed as systolic (heart
contraction) over diastolic (heart relaxation) pressure
Cancer broad group of diseases marked by uncontrolled cell growth and invasion of adjacent tissues,
with potential metastasis
Bronchial chronic airway inflammation and variable expiratory airflow limitation
Asthma
Environmental All the external factors-living and non-living, material and non-material – which surround man
health
Water any change or modification in the physical, chemical and biological properties of water that
population will have a detrimental consequence on living things is water pollution.
Air population introduction of chemicals, particulates, biological materials, or other harmful materials into
Earth’s atmosphere
Atmospheric deposition pollution of water bodies caused by air pollution
In door air air quality within and around buildings and structures, especially as it relates to the health and
quality comfort of building occupants
Solid waste garbage, refuse, sludge or other discarded material (including solids, semisolids, liquids and
contained gaseous materials)
Hospital nosocomial acquired infections not present or incubating at time of admission to hospital.
acquired infections usually acquired after hospitalization and manifest 48 hours after admission to
infection hospital, except for orthopedic surgeries up to 30 days after discharge.
Standard minimum infection prevention practices that apply to all patient care, regardless of suspected or
Precautions confirmed infection status of the patient, in any setting where health care delivered
Healthcare All waste produced by a medical facility, this includes all types of wastes
Waste
Health care set of activities and performers which aims at improving health through public and private
system medical services
Universal all individuals and communities receive full spectrum of essential, quality health services,
Health from health promotion to prevention, treatment, rehabilitation, and palliative care, without
Coverage suffering financial hardship
(UHC)
Salah Elshazly
Sustainable ▪ set of 17 goals, with a vision for a world free from poverty, hunger and disease
developmental goals ▪ SDG3 relates to health to “Ensure healthy lives and promote wellbeing for all at all
(SDGs) ages”
Primary Health care majority of person´s health needs throughout their lifetime. whole of society approach
includes health promotion, disease prevention, treatment, rehabilitation, palliative care
Maternal health care health of mother during pregnancy, labor and puerperium
Pre-Marital Care care of females from birth till marriage
Pre-Conception Care care of women before occurrence of pregnancy (preparation of female to get pregnancy)
Antenatal Care preventive obstetric health care program aimed at optimizing maternal-fetal outcome
through regular monitoring of pregnancy
Natal care Care of the mother during delivery
Post Natal care Care of mother during puerperium (6 weeks after delivery)
Inter pregnancy care of mother in between two successive pregnancies
Care suitable period for this care is 2-3 years
Family planning It is a component of inter pregnancy care healthy baby at proper time, in proper numbers
with proper spacing.
proper time of childbearing (20-34) years old and proper spacing (2-3) years
Maternal morbidity syndrome affecting mothers due to repeated unspaced pregnancies, characterized by
protein energy malnutrition, Iron deficiency anemia, osteomalacia, goiter and dental
caries
Maternal mortality maternal deaths due to pregnancy related causes, labor, and puerperium
Safe Motherhood women can go safely through pregnancy, labor , puerperium and have a healthy baby. Safe
motherhood starts early in life by caring the girl to grow up as healthy women.
Pregnancy Wastage unfavorable outcome of pregnancy.
Congenital infection utero infection transmitted from mother to fetus
Neonatal infections acquired during first week of life (novo natal period)
Childhood infections Infection usually starts after 6 months when maternal antibodies begin to fade or when
the mother starts weaning
Prematurity any infant born before 37 weeks of gestation.
Incidence in Egypt 6 7% of all deliveries. A normal pregnancy lasts about 40 weeks
School health School health programs important component of primary health care services provided
for children and early adolescent.
age of school children (6-18) years represents about 30% of total population
School health comprehensive medical examination carried out at school entry and every three years.
appraisal done by doctor in the presence of teacher, nurse, social worker , father or mother of child
Adolescence transitional phase of growth and development between childhood and
Adolescent health adulthood .
(WHO) defines adolescent as any person between ages 10-19 years, period subdivided
into early, middle, late adolescence
Nutrition science which deals with functions of different food elements and manifestations that
develops when any of these items is either deficient or taken in excess
Public health science and art of promoting, protecting health and well being, preventing illness, and
nutrition prolonging life through the organized effort of society
Salah Elshazly
Food balance represents quantities of all food items available for human consumption in a country during
sheet a certain time.
Dietary Surveys designed to collect data regarding quantities and qualities of food items consumed by
individuals of population during a certain period of time
Nutritional surveys study prevalence of malnutrition among different sectors in the community
Malnutrition condition that develops when the body is deprived of vitamins, minerals, and other nutrients
it needs to maintain healthy tissues and organ function
Nutritional anemia condition in which the hemoglobin content of the blood is lower than normal as a result of
deficiency of one or more of essential nutrients as iron, niacin, or vit B12
Aging biological process will affect everyone, not disease, but starts from time born, not stop
but can be delayed with proper care
Geriatrics physiologic and pathologic changes in old age over 60 years and effective treatment of
health problems of this age group
Gerontology scientific study of individual in later maturity & aging process from physiological,
pathological, psychological, sociological, economic aspects
Behavioral health scientific study of emotions, behaviors and biology relating to a person’s mental well-
being, their ability to function every day
Counselling process that enables clients to make informed decisions
Quality Doing right things right first time and every time
Patient Safety absence of preventable harm to a patient during the process of health care
Medical errors “unintentional, preventable mistakes in provision of care have actual or potential adverse
impact on patient”
Occupational branch of medicine concerned with study and prevention of health hazards which can
Health arise from different exposures in workplace
Occupational science of recognition, evaluation and control of hazards arising from workplace that
Safety and Health could impair health and wellbeing of workers and their surrounding environment
Hazard any source of potential damage or harm to something or someone under certain condition at
work
Dysbarism health problems caused by changes in ambient pressure during activities such diving or
flying, leading to expansion or contraction of body gases and subsequent tissue injury.
Noise unwanted sound
Vibration oscillatory motion transmitted to human body through direct contact with solid objects
Industrial Metals element widely use in industries such mining, metal processing, electronic, manufacturing
Pesticides chemicals used to kill or control pests
Dust solid particles suspended in air
Benign Dust of iron, calcium, tin, barium and coal inert ‘benign pneumoconiosis’. caused by long
Pneumoconiosis exposure to high concentrations of coal dust, in coal mining.
Workplace sudden unfavorable event following series of consequent and/or parallel human errors. Most
Accidents accidents occur as a result of combination of working environment and workers.
Ergonomics science of designing job to fit worker, rather than physically forcing worker's body to fit job
Salah Elshazly