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Memory

The document outlines the internal organization of a CPU, detailing its components: Control Unit (CU), Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU), and Memory Unit (MU), along with primary and secondary memory types. It explains the functions of the CU in controlling operations and managing data transfer, while the ALU handles arithmetic operations. Additionally, it distinguishes between volatile primary memory (RAM and ROM) and non-volatile secondary memory (like hard drives and CDs), highlighting their roles in data processing and storage.

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mehergolaka
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4 views3 pages

Memory

The document outlines the internal organization of a CPU, detailing its components: Control Unit (CU), Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU), and Memory Unit (MU), along with primary and secondary memory types. It explains the functions of the CU in controlling operations and managing data transfer, while the ALU handles arithmetic operations. Additionally, it distinguishes between volatile primary memory (RAM and ROM) and non-volatile secondary memory (like hard drives and CDs), highlighting their roles in data processing and storage.

Uploaded by

mehergolaka
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Internal Organization Of CPU

CPU

CU ALU MU

Primary Secondary
Memory Memory

Ram Rom FD

SRAM PROM EEPROM CD PenDrive

DRAM EPROM HD

CU : Control Unit
ALU: Arithmatic Logic Unit
MU : Memory Unit
RAM: Random Access Memory
SRAM : Static Random Access Memory
DRAM: Dynamic Random Access Memory
ROM: Read Only Memory
PROM: Programmable Read Only Memory
EPROM: Erasable and Programmable Read Only Memory
EEPROM: Electrically Erasable and Programmable Memory
FD: Floppy Disc
CD: Compact Disc
HD: Hard Disc
CU(Control Unit) : This unit controls the operations of all parts of computer. It does
E not carry out any actual data processing operations. Functions of this unit are

It is responsible for controlling the transfer of data and instructions among other units of a
computer.

It manages and coordinates all the units of the computer.

It obtains the instructions from the memory, interprets them and directs the operation of the
computer.

It communicates with Input/Output devices for transfer of data or results from storage.

It does not process or store data.

ALU(Arithmetic Logic Unit) :It controls all types of arithmetic operations like
addition , subtraction , multiplications and divisions. All complex operations are done by making
repetitive use of above operations.

Primary Memory (Main Memory)


Primary memory holds only those data and instructions on which computer is currently working. It
has limited capacity and data get lost when power is switched off. It is generally made up of
semiconductor device. These memories are not as fast as registers. The data and instruction
required to be processed earlier reside in main memory. It is divided into two subcategories RAM
and ROM. Characteristic of Main Memory

These are semiconductor memories.

It known as main memory.

Usually volatile memory.

Data is lost in case power is switch off.

It is working memory of the computer.

Faster than secondary memories.

A computer cannot run without primary memory.

Secondary Memory
This type of memory is also known as external memory or non-volatile. It is slower than main
memory. These are used for storing Data/Information permanently. CPU directly does not access
these memories instead they are accessed via input-output routines. Contents of secondary
memories are first transferred to main memory, and then CPU can access [Link] example: disk,
CD-ROM,DVD etc.
General flow of data from Input to Secondary Memory.

INPUT

CU ALU

MU

RAM

HD

General flow of data from Secondary Memory to Output.

HD

RAM

MU

CU

OUTPUT

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