Unit 1 – Overview of .

NET Framework and C# Fundamentals

1. Overview of .NET Framework

The .NET Framework is a software development platform developed by Microsoft for

building Windows applications, web applications, and services.

It provides:

• A runtime environment

• Large library support

• Language interoperability

• Security and memory management

Main components:

1. Common Language Runtime (CLR)

2. Framework Class Library (FCL)

2. Common Language Runtime (CLR)

The CLR is the execution engine of the .NET Framework.

It manages the execution of .NET programs.

Functions of CLR

• Memory management

• Garbage collection

• Exception handling

• Security

• Thread management

• Code execution

Working Process

Source Code → Compiler → Intermediate Language (IL) → CLR → Machine Code

Explanation

1. C# code is compiled into IL code.

2. CLR converts IL into machine language using JIT Compiler.

 3. Program executes in the system.

Advantages

• Platform independence

• Automatic memory management

• Better security

• Easy debugging

3. Framework Class Library (FCL)

The FCL is a collection of reusable classes, interfaces, and functions.

It provides ready-made code for:

• File handling

• Database access

• Networking

• GUI applications

• Collections

• String manipulation

Examples

System
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]

Example Program

using System;

class Program
{
static void Main()
{
[Link]("Hello .NET");
}
}
4. C# Fundamentals

Primitive Types and Variables

Primitive data types are basic built-in types in C#.

Data Type Size Example

int 4 bytes 10

float 4 bytes 10.5f

double 8 bytes 25.67

char 2 bytes 'A'

bool 1 bit true

string varies "Hello"

Variable Declaration

int age = 20;

float mark = 85.5f;
char grade = 'A';
bool result = true;

5. Operators in C#

Operators are symbols used to perform operations.

Types of Operators

Arithmetic Operators

+- * / %

Example:

int a = 10, b = 5;
[Link](a + b);

Relational Operators

== != > < >= <=

Logical Operators
&& || !

Assignment Operators

= += -= *= /=

6. Conditional Statements

Conditional statements are used for decision making.

if Statement

int age = 18;

if(age >= 18)

{
[Link]("Eligible");
}

if-else Statement

int num = 5;

if(num % 2 == 0)
{
[Link]("Even");
}
else
{
[Link]("Odd");
}

switch Statement

int day = 2;

switch(day)
{
case 1:
[Link]("Monday");
break;

case 2:
[Link]("Tuesday");
 break;
}

7. Looping Statements

Loops are used to repeat statements.

for Loop

for(int i = 1; i <= 5; i++)

{
[Link](i);
}

while Loop

int i = 1;

while(i <= 5)
{
[Link](i);
i++;
}

do-while Loop

int i = 1;

do
{
[Link](i);
i++;
}
while(i <= 5);

foreach Loop

int[] arr = {1,2,3};

foreach(int x in arr)
{
[Link](x);
}
8. Creating and Using Objects

C# is an Object-Oriented Programming language.

Objects are created from classes.

Class and Object Example

using System;

class Student
{
public string name;

public void Display()

{
[Link](name);
}
}

class Program
{
static void Main()
{
Student s = new Student();

[Link] = "Raja";
[Link]();
}
}

Explanation

• Student → Class

• s → Object

• new → Creates object

9. Arrays

Arrays store multiple values of the same type.

Array Declaration

int[] num = {10,20,30,40};

Accessing Array Elements

[Link](num[0]);

Array Example

using System;

class Program
{
static void Main()
{
int[] marks = {80,90,70};

for(int i = 0; i < [Link]; i++)

{
[Link](marks[i]);
}
}
}

10. String Operations

Strings are sequences of characters.

String Declaration

string name = "Raja";

Common String Operations

Concatenation

string a = "Hello";
string b = "World";

[Link](a + " " + b);

Length

string txt = "Welcome";

[Link]([Link]);

Uppercase and Lowercase

[Link]([Link]());
[Link]([Link]());

Substring

string str = "Programming";

[Link]([Link](0,4));

Compare Strings

string s1 = "abc";
string s2 = "abc";

[Link](s1 == s2);

Important Short Notes

CLR

• Execution engine of .NET

• Converts IL to machine code

• Provides garbage collection

FCL

• Collection of reusable classes

• Helps in rapid development

C#

• Object-oriented language

• Developed by Microsoft

• Runs under CLR

Unit 2 – [Link] Basics and Web Forms

1. Introduction to [Link]

[Link] is a web application framework developed by Microsoft for building:

• Dynamic web pages

• Web applications

• Web services

It works on the .NET Framework.

Features of [Link]

• Server-side technology

• Code reusability

• Security support

• Easy database connectivity

• Fast development

Types of [Link] Applications

1. Web Forms

2. MVC

3. Web API

2. IDE for [Link]

An IDE (Integrated Development Environment) is software used to write, compile, and

execute programs.

IDE Used

Visual Studio

It is the official IDE for [Link] development.

Features of Visual Studio

• Code editor

• Debugging tools

• Drag-and-drop controls
 • IntelliSense

• Project management

3. Languages Supported in [Link]

[Link] supports multiple .NET languages.

Common Languages

• C#

• [Link]

• J#

• F#

Example in C#

[Link]("Hello [Link]");

4. Components of [Link]

[Link] contains several important components.

Main Components

1. CLR (Common Language Runtime)

Executes .NET programs.

2. FCL (Framework Class Library)

Provides reusable classes.

3. [Link] Engine

Processes web pages.

4. IIS (Internet Information Services)

Web server used to run [Link] applications.

5. Web Forms

Used to create web pages.

5. Working with Web Forms

A Web Form is a page in [Link] used to create dynamic websites.

Extension:

.aspx

Structure of Web Form

<%@ Page Language="C#" %>

<html>
<body>
<form runat="server">
[Link] Web Form
</form>
</body>
</html>

Important Parts

Part Description

Page Directive Defines language

HTML Page structure

form runat="server" Server-side form

6. Web Form Standard Controls

[Link] provides server controls to interact with users.

Common Standard Controls

Control Purpose

Label Display text

TextBox Input text

Button Perform action

CheckBox Select option

RadioButton Single selection

HyperLink Create link

7. Label Control

Used to display text.

Example

<asp:Label ID="Label1" runat="server"

Text="Welcome"></asp:Label>

Important Properties

Property Description

Text Displays text

ForeColor Text color

Font Font style

8. TextBox Control

Used to receive input from users.

Example

<asp:TextBox ID="txtName"
runat="server"></asp:TextBox>

Properties

Property Description

Text Gets entered text

MaxLength Maximum characters

TextMode Password/Multiline

Event

Event Description

TextChanged Occurs when text changes

9. Button Control
Used to perform actions.

Example

<asp:Button ID="Button1"
runat="server"
Text="Submit"
OnClick="Button1_Click" />

Button Click Event

protected void Button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

{
[Link]("Button Clicked");
}

Properties

Property Description

Text Button caption

Enabled Enable/disable button

Event

Event Description

Click Occurs when button clicked

10. HTML Controls in [Link]

[Link] also supports normal HTML controls.

Example

<input type="text" runat="server" />

Common HTML Controls

Control Example

Text Field input type="text"

Button input type="button"

Checkbox input type="checkbox"

Difference Between HTML and [Link] Controls

HTML Controls [Link] Controls

Client-side Server-side

Limited features Rich functionality

No automatic events Supports events

11. List Controls

List controls display multiple items.

Types of List Controls

• DropDownList

• ListBox

• CheckBoxList

• RadioButtonList

• BulletedList

12. DropDownList Control

Used to select one item from list.

Example

<asp:DropDownList ID="DropDownList1"
runat="server">

<asp:ListItem>India</asp:ListItem>
<asp:ListItem>USA</asp:ListItem>

</asp:DropDownList>

Properties

Property Description

Items Collection of items

SelectedIndex Selected item position

Property Description

SelectedValue Selected value

Event

Event Description

SelectedIndexChanged Occurs when selection changes

13. CheckBoxList Control

Allows multiple selections.

Example

<asp:CheckBoxList ID="CheckBoxList1"
runat="server">

<asp:ListItem>Cricket</asp:ListItem>
<asp:ListItem>Football</asp:ListItem>

</asp:CheckBoxList>

14. RadioButtonList Control

Allows only one selection.

Example

<asp:RadioButtonList ID="RadioButtonList1"
runat="server">

<asp:ListItem>Male</asp:ListItem>
<asp:ListItem>Female</asp:ListItem>

</asp:RadioButtonList>

15. Important Events in [Link] Controls

Control Event

Button Click

TextBox TextChanged

DropDownList SelectedIndexChanged

CheckBox CheckedChanged

16. Complete Example Program

ASPX Page

<%@ Page Language="C#" %>

<script runat="server">

protected void Button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

{
[Link] = "Welcome " + [Link];
}

</script>

<html>
<body>

<form runat="server">

<asp:TextBox ID="TextBox1"
runat="server"></asp:TextBox>

<asp:Button ID="Button1"
runat="server"
Text="Submit"
OnClick="Button1_Click" />

<br><br>

<asp:Label ID="Label1"
runat="server"></asp:Label>
</form>

</body>
</html>

Important Short Notes

[Link]

• Web application framework

• Developed by Microsoft

• Uses .NET Framework

Web Forms

• [Link] page

• Extension is .aspx

Standard Controls

• Label

• TextBox

• Button

List Controls

• DropDownList

• CheckBoxList

• RadioButtonList
Unit 3 – Rich Controls, Validation Controls and File Handling in [Link]

1. Rich Controls in [Link]

Rich controls are advanced [Link] server controls that provide enhanced features
and better user interaction.

Examples of Rich Controls

• Calendar

• AdRotator

• FileUpload

• MultiView

• Wizard

2. Calendar Control

Used to display and select dates.

Example

<asp:Calendar ID="Calendar1"
runat="server"></asp:Calendar>

Important Properties

Property Description

SelectedDate Gets selected date

TodayDayStyle Style for current day

VisibleDate Displays current month

Events

Event Description

SelectionChanged Occurs when date selected

DayRender Occurs when day rendered

Example Event

protected void Calendar1_SelectionChanged(

object sender, EventArgs e)
{
[Link]([Link]);
}

3. AdRotator Control

Displays advertisements one by one.

Example

<asp:AdRotator ID="AdRotator1"
runat="server"
AdvertisementFile="[Link]">
</asp:AdRotator>

Properties

Property Description

AdvertisementFile XML file path

Target Target window

KeywordFilter Filters ads

4. FileUpload Control

Used to upload files from client to server.

Example

<asp:FileUpload ID="FileUpload1"
runat="server" />

<asp:Button ID="Button1"
runat="server"
Text="Upload"
OnClick="Button1_Click" />

Upload Code

protected void Button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

{
if([Link])
{
 [Link](
[Link]("files/")
+ [Link]);

[Link]("File Uploaded");
}
}

Properties

Property Description

FileName Gets uploaded file name

HasFile Checks file selected

PostedFile Uploaded file object

5. Validation Controls

Validation controls are used to validate user input.

Types of Validation Controls

Validation Control Purpose

RequiredFieldValidator Mandatory field

RangeValidator Value within range

CompareValidator Compare values

RegularExpressionValidator Pattern validation

CustomValidator User-defined validation

ValidationSummary Displays all errors

6. RequiredFieldValidator

Checks whether input field is empty.

Example

<asp:TextBox ID="TextBox1"
runat="server"></asp:TextBox>
<asp:RequiredFieldValidator
ID="RequiredFieldValidator1"
runat="server"
ControlToValidate="TextBox1"
ErrorMessage="Field Required">
</asp:RequiredFieldValidator>

Properties

Property Description

ControlToValidate Control name

ErrorMessage Error text

ForeColor Error color

7. RangeValidator

Checks value within range.

Example

<asp:RangeValidator
ID="RangeValidator1"
runat="server"
ControlToValidate="TextBox1"
MinimumValue="1"
MaximumValue="100"
Type="Integer"
ErrorMessage="Enter value 1 to 100">
</asp:RangeValidator>

8. CompareValidator

Compares two values.

Example

<asp:CompareValidator
ID="CompareValidator1"
runat="server"
ControlToValidate="TextBox2"
ControlToCompare="TextBox1"
ErrorMessage="Passwords do not match">
</asp:CompareValidator>

9. RegularExpressionValidator

Validates using pattern.

Example for Email Validation

<asp:RegularExpressionValidator
ID="RegularExpressionValidator1"
runat="server"
ControlToValidate="TextBox1"
ValidationExpression="\w+@\w+\.\w+"
ErrorMessage="Invalid Email">
</asp:RegularExpressionValidator>

10. ValidationSummary

Displays all validation errors together.

Example

<asp:ValidationSummary
ID="ValidationSummary1"
runat="server" />

11. File Stream Classes

File stream classes are used to read and write files.

Namespace:

using [Link];

Important Classes

Class Purpose

FileStream Read/write files

StreamReader Read text files

Class Purpose

StreamWriter Write text files

BinaryReader Read binary files

BinaryWriter Write binary files

12. FileStream Class

Used for file operations.

Syntax

FileStream fs =
new FileStream("[Link]",
[Link]);

13. File Modes

Defines how file should open.

Types of File Modes

FileMode Description

Create Creates new file

Open Opens existing file

Append Adds data at end

CreateNew Creates new file only

OpenOrCreate Opens or creates file

14. File Share

Defines file sharing permissions.

Types of FileShare

FileShare Description

None No sharing
FileShare Description

Read Allows read

Write Allows write

ReadWrite Allows both

15. Reading from Files

Using StreamReader

using System;
using [Link];

class Program
{
static void Main()
{
StreamReader sr =
new StreamReader("[Link]");

string text = [Link]();

[Link](text);

[Link]();
}
}

16. Writing to Files

Using StreamWriter

using System;
using [Link];

class Program
{
static void Main()
{
StreamWriter sw =
 new StreamWriter("[Link]");

[Link]("Hello");

[Link]();
}
}

17. Creating Files

Example

[Link]("[Link]");

18. Moving Files

Example

[Link]("[Link]",
"D:\\[Link]");

19. Copying Files

Example

[Link]("[Link]",
"[Link]");

20. Deleting Files

Example

[Link]("[Link]");

21. File Uploading in [Link]

File uploading allows users to upload documents, images, etc.

Steps

1. Use FileUpload control

 2. Select file

3. Save file on server

Complete Example

ASPX Page

<asp:FileUpload ID="FileUpload1"
runat="server" />

<asp:Button ID="Button1"
runat="server"
Text="Upload"
OnClick="Button1_Click" />

C# Code

protected void Button1_Click(

object sender, EventArgs e)
{
if([Link])
{
string path =
[Link]("Uploads/")
+ [Link];

[Link](path);

[Link]("Uploaded Successfully");
}
}
Unit 4 – [Link] and Data Binding

1. Overview of [Link]

[Link] (ActiveX Data Objects .NET) is a data access technology in the .NET
Framework used to connect applications with databases.

It helps to:

• Connect databases

• Read data

• Insert, update, delete records

• Handle disconnected data

Namespace:

using [Link];
using [Link];

2. Features of [Link]

• Fast data access

• XML support

• Disconnected architecture

• Easy database connectivity

• Supports multiple databases

3. Architecture of [Link]

[Link] contains two main parts:

1. Data Provider

Used to connect and interact with database.

2. DataSet

Stores data temporarily in memory.

4. Components of [Link]
Component Purpose

Connection Connects database

Command Executes SQL queries

DataReader Reads data

DataAdapter Transfers data

DataSet Stores data in memory

5. Database Connection

A connection is used to establish communication between application and database.

SqlConnection Class

Used to connect SQL Server database.

Syntax

SqlConnection con =
new SqlConnection(
"Data Source=SERVER;
Initial Catalog=StudentDB;
Integrated Security=True");

6. Opening and Closing Connection

Example

using System;
using [Link];

class Program
{
static void Main()
{
SqlConnection con =
new SqlConnection(
"Data Source=.;Initial Catalog=StudentDB;Integrated Security=True");

[Link]();
 [Link]("Connected");

[Link]();
}
}

7. Command Object

The Command object is used to execute SQL queries.

Types of Commands

• SELECT

• INSERT

• UPDATE

• DELETE

SqlCommand Syntax

SqlCommand cmd =
new SqlCommand(query, con);

8. Insert Record Example

SqlConnection con =
new SqlConnection(
"Data Source=.;Initial Catalog=StudentDB;Integrated Security=True");

[Link]();

string query =
"INSERT INTO Student VALUES(1,'Raja')";

SqlCommand cmd =
new SqlCommand(query, con);

[Link]();

[Link]();
Execute Methods

Method Purpose

ExecuteNonQuery() INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE

ExecuteReader() SELECT query

ExecuteScalar() Single value

9. DataReader

DataReader is used to read data row by row from database.

It is:

• Fast

• Forward only

• Read only

SqlDataReader Example

SqlConnection con =
new SqlConnection(
"Data Source=.;Initial Catalog=StudentDB;Integrated Security=True");

[Link]();

SqlCommand cmd =
new SqlCommand(
"SELECT * FROM Student", con);

SqlDataReader dr =
[Link]();

while([Link]())
{
[Link](dr[0]);
[Link](dr[1]);
}

[Link]();
10. DataAdapter

DataAdapter acts as bridge between database and DataSet.

It:

• Retrieves data

• Updates database

Example

SqlDataAdapter da =
new SqlDataAdapter(
"SELECT * FROM Student", con);

Important Methods

Method Purpose

Fill() Fills DataSet

Update() Updates database

11. DataSet

A DataSet stores data temporarily in memory.

Features:

• Disconnected data access

• Stores multiple tables

• XML support

Example

DataSet ds = new DataSet();

SqlDataAdapter da =
new SqlDataAdapter(
"SELECT * FROM Student", con);

[Link](ds, "Student");
12. Displaying Data from DataSet

foreach(DataRow row in
[Link]["Student"].Rows)
{
[Link](row["Name"]);
}

13. Data Controls in [Link]

Data controls are used to display database data in web pages.

Common Data Controls

Control Purpose

GridView Displays table data

DetailsView Shows single record

FormView Custom record display

Repeater Repeated data

DataList Formatted list

14. GridView Control

Displays records in tabular format.

Example

<asp:GridView ID="GridView1"
runat="server">
</asp:GridView>

Properties of GridView

Property Description

DataSource Data source

AutoGenerateColumns Automatic columns

AllowPaging Enables paging

Property Description

AllowSorting Enables sorting

15. Binding Data to GridView

ASPX Code

<asp:GridView ID="GridView1"
runat="server">
</asp:GridView>

C# Code

SqlConnection con =
new SqlConnection(
"Data Source=.;Initial Catalog=StudentDB;Integrated Security=True");

SqlDataAdapter da =
new SqlDataAdapter(
"SELECT * FROM Student", con);

DataSet ds = new DataSet();

[Link](ds);

[Link] = ds;

[Link]();

16. DetailsView Control

Displays one record at a time.

Example

<asp:DetailsView ID="DetailsView1"
runat="server">
</asp:DetailsView>

17. Repeater Control

Displays repeated custom formatted data.

Example

<asp:Repeater ID="Repeater1"
runat="server">
<ItemTemplate>
<%# Eval("Name") %>
</ItemTemplate>
</asp:Repeater>

18. Data Binding

Data Binding is the process of connecting controls with database data.

Types of Data Binding

Type Description

Simple Binding Single value

Complex Binding Multiple records

19. DataBind() Method

Used to bind data with controls.

Syntax

[Link]();

20. Complete Example of Data Binding

ASPX Page

<asp:GridView ID="GridView1"
runat="server">
</asp:GridView>

C# Code

using System;
using [Link];
using [Link];
public partial class Default :
[Link]
{
protected void Page_Load(
object sender, EventArgs e)
{
SqlConnection con =
new SqlConnection(
"Data Source=.;Initial Catalog=StudentDB;Integrated Security=True");

SqlDataAdapter da =
new SqlDataAdapter(
"SELECT * FROM Student", con);

DataSet ds =
new DataSet();

[Link](ds);

[Link] = ds;

[Link]();
}
}
Unit 5 – GridView Operations, XML Classes, Security and Web Application

1. GridView Control in [Link]

The GridView control is used to display database records in tabular format.

It supports:

• Editing

• Deleting

• Sorting

• Paging

Basic GridView Example

<asp:GridView ID="GridView1"
runat="server">
</asp:GridView>

2. Editing in GridView

Editing allows users to modify records.

Properties Required

Property Purpose

AutoGenerateEditButton Adds edit button

OnRowEditing Edit event

OnRowUpdating Update event

3. GridView Editing Example

ASPX Page

<asp:GridView ID="GridView1"
runat="server"
AutoGenerateEditButton="True"
OnRowEditing="GridView1_RowEditing"
OnRowUpdating="GridView1_RowUpdating">
</asp:GridView>

C# Code
protected void GridView1_RowEditing(
object sender,
GridViewEditEventArgs e)
{
[Link] =
[Link];

BindGrid();
}

4. Deleting in GridView

Deleting removes records from database.

Required Properties

Property Purpose

AutoGenerateDeleteButton Adds delete button

OnRowDeleting Delete event

5. Delete Example

ASPX Page

<asp:GridView ID="GridView1"
runat="server"
AutoGenerateDeleteButton="True"
OnRowDeleting="GridView1_RowDeleting">
</asp:GridView>

C# Code

protected void GridView1_RowDeleting(

object sender,
GridViewDeleteEventArgs e)
{
[Link]("Row Deleted");
}

6. Sorting in GridView
Sorting arranges data in ascending or descending order.

Properties

Property Description

AllowSorting Enables sorting

SortExpression Column sorting

7. Sorting Example

ASPX Code

<asp:GridView ID="GridView1"
runat="server"
AllowSorting="True"
OnSorting="GridView1_Sorting">
</asp:GridView>

C# Code

protected void GridView1_Sorting(

object sender,
GridViewSortEventArgs e)
{
[Link](
"Sorting by " + [Link]);
}

8. Paging in GridView

Paging divides records into multiple pages.

Properties

Property Description

AllowPaging Enables paging

PageSize Records per page

OnPageIndexChanging Page change event

9. Paging Example

ASPX Page

<asp:GridView ID="GridView1"
runat="server"
AllowPaging="True"
PageSize="5"
OnPageIndexChanging=
"GridView1_PageIndexChanging">
</asp:GridView>

C# Code

protected void GridView1_PageIndexChanging(

object sender,
GridViewPageEventArgs e)
{
[Link] =
[Link];

BindGrid();
}

10. XML in [Link]

XML (Extensible Markup Language) is used to store and transport data.

Features

• Self-descriptive

• Platform independent

• Easy data sharing

11. XML Classes in .NET

Namespace:

using [Link];

Important XML Classes

Class Purpose

XmlDocument Loads XML document

XmlReader Reads XML

XmlWriter Writes XML

XmlNode Represents node

12. Reading XML File

Example XML File

<Students>
<Student>
<Name>Raja</Name>
</Student>
</Students>

C# Program

XmlDocument doc =
new XmlDocument();

[Link]("[Link]");

XmlNodeList list =
[Link]("Name");

foreach(XmlNode node in list)

{
[Link]([Link]);
}

13. Writing XML File

Example

XmlTextWriter writer =
new XmlTextWriter(
"[Link]", null);
[Link]();

[Link]("Student");

[Link](
"Name", "Raja");

[Link]();

[Link]();

14. Web Form to Manipulate XML Files

[Link] Web Forms can:

• Read XML data

• Write XML data

• Modify XML files

15. Example – Display XML Data in GridView

ASPX Page

<asp:GridView ID="GridView1"
runat="server">
</asp:GridView>

C# Code

DataSet ds = new DataSet();

[Link](
[Link]("[Link]"));

[Link] = ds;

[Link]();

16. Website Security

Website security protects applications from unauthorized access.

Security Features

• Authentication

• Authorization

• Encryption

• Session management

17. Authentication

Authentication verifies user identity.

Example:

• Username and password login

Types of Authentication

Type Description

Windows Authentication Uses Windows login

Forms Authentication Custom login form

Passport Authentication Microsoft account

18. Forms Authentication Example

[Link]

<authentication mode="Forms">
<forms loginUrl="[Link]">
</forms>
</authentication>

19. Authorization

Authorization decides what resources user can access.

Example

<authorization>
<deny users="?" />
</authorization>
Meaning

• Anonymous users are denied access.

20. Difference Between Authentication and Authorization

Authentication Authorization

Verifies user Gives permissions

Login process Access control

Checks identity Checks privileges

21. Creating a Web Application in [Link]

Steps

Step 1

Open Visual Studio

Step 2

Select:

Create New Project

Step 3

Choose:

[Link] Web Application

Step 4

Enter:

• Project name

• Location

Step 5

Add controls to Web Form.

Step 6

Write C# code.
Step 7

Run application using:

Ctrl + F5

22. Simple Web Application Example

ASPX Page

<%@ Page Language="C#" %>

<script runat="server">

protected void Button1_Click(

object sender, EventArgs e)
{
[Link] =
"Welcome " + [Link];
}

</script>

<html>
<body>

<form runat="server">

<asp:TextBox ID="TextBox1"
runat="server"></asp:TextBox>

<asp:Button ID="Button1"
runat="server"
Text="Submit"
OnClick="Button1_Click" />

<br><br>

<asp:Label ID="Label1"
runat="server"></asp:Label>

</form>
</body>
</html>