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Lect 4 - Optical Micros

The document covers the fundamentals of optical microscopy, including types of microscopes, image formation, and sample preparation techniques. It discusses the resolution limits of the human eye, diffraction patterns, and various light sources used in microscopy. Additionally, it touches on applications of optical microscopy and basics of crystal structures and statistical analysis of structural orientation data.

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4 views27 pages

Lect 4 - Optical Micros

The document covers the fundamentals of optical microscopy, including types of microscopes, image formation, and sample preparation techniques. It discusses the resolution limits of the human eye, diffraction patterns, and various light sources used in microscopy. Additionally, it touches on applications of optical microscopy and basics of crystal structures and statistical analysis of structural orientation data.

Uploaded by

adityadhopavkar31
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© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Materials Characterization

MT21005

Optical Microscopy
Types of Microscope, Contrast, Image formation, Components of optical microscope
Unit 1: Basics of optical microscopy and crystal structures, Fundamentals
of optical microscopy and its instrumentation, sample preparation, types of
optical microscopes, bright and dark field image formation, phase contrast,
polarized light, differential interference contrast, fluorescence microscopy,
image analyzer, applications of optical microscopy, phase identification,
Basics of crystal structures, statistical analysis of structural orientation
data, stereographic projection, standard projection.
Restricted viewing
angle/field of view
• Our human eye have a resolution in terms of the distance. It can not detect anything less
than 0.2 millimeter.
• Similarly, we have a resolution in terms of contrast as well. And that contrast is usually
around 2%, so anything which has contrast difference less than 2%, we will not be able
to detect anything there.
• Central spot is from the
undeviated light beam
and other spots are from
diffracted light.
• Diffraction pattern is
obtained by placing the
image plane at backfocal
plane position.
• At back focal plane of this objective lens, all of these diffracted beams
are sort of interfering. They are interfering with the direct beam and
forming image they are interfering with themselves as well.
• Where the diffracted wavelengths are one-half out of phase for each of
the color, the waves destructively interfere to give rise to the dark
areas between the spectra.
• At the position of zeroth order, all wavelengths from each slit add
constructively. This produces the bright white light you see as the
zeroth order at the center of the rear focal plane of the objective.
Light Sources

• 30 to 100 Watt tungsten halogen lamp because of its low cost and long life.

• 75 to 150 Watt Xenon arc discharge lamp because of its very high brightness

and long life.

• Metal halide and Mercury lamp and lasers for extreme high brightness.

• In fluorescence microscopy, two different light sources. One for bright field and

dark field, other one for fluorescence. LEDs are common source of light here.

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