Robotics
CHAPTER 5
ARDUINO
Vital features of a ROBOT
Sensors –they convert energy that you
give off into electrical signals
Examples of energy converted into electrical
signals:
o when a button is pressed
o a wave of your arms
o when you shout
Buttons and Knobs are sensors that you touch with your
fingers, but there are many other kinds of sensors
Vital features of a ROBOT
Actuators –they convert electrical
energy back into physical energy, like
light, heat, and movement
One example is the
Piezo buzzer which
can be used to create
sound based on the
electrical signal it
receives.
MICROCONTROLLER
➢ It is a small computer that
serves as the heart and the
brain of electronic devices.
➢ It is considered as a single-
chip computer that can be
programmed to perform
specific functions
Program –is a set of instruction that is embedded
into the microcontroller to control, monitor, and
perform a function even without a user interface.
MICROCONTROLLER
LISTENS TO SENSORS…
converting the physical energy
picked up by the sensor into
electrical signals ..and TALKS TO ACTUATORS
turning the electrical signals back
to the physical outputs
ARDUINO KIT
Battery Snap
Used to connect a 9V battery to
power leads that can be easily plugged into a
breadboard or your Arduino.
ARDUINO KIT
Breadboard
A board on which you can build electronic circuits
with rows of holes that allow you to connect wires
and components together.
ARDUINO KIT
Capacitors
These components store and release electrical energy in a
circuit.
➢ Capacitor charges when circuit’s voltage is
higher than what is stored in the capacitor,
allowing current to flow in.
➢ Capacitor releases charge when it’s voltage is
higher than the circuit’s voltage.
Often placed parallel to the power source and
the electrical component to help smooth
fluctuations in voltage.
ARDUINO KIT
DC Motor
Converts electrical energy into mechanical energy when
electricity is applied to its leads.
If the direction of the electricity is reversed, the motor will
spin in the opposite direction.
ARDUINO KIT
Diode
Ensures electricity only flows in one direction.
The anode side generally connects to the point of higher
energy in your circuit while the cathode connects to the point
of lower energy or to ground.
The cathode is usually marked with a band on one side of the
component’s body
ARDUINO KIT
Light Emitting Diodes (LED)
A type of diode that illuminates when electricity passes
through it.
The anode, which typically
connects to power, is usually
the longer leg, and the
cathode is the shorter leg
ARDUINO KIT
Jumper Wires
Use these to connect components to each other on the
breadboard, and to the Arduino.
ARDUINO KIT
Liquid Crystal Display (LCD)
A type of alpha-numeric or graphic display based on liquid
crystals
ARDUINO KIT
Male Header Pins
These pins fit into female sockets, like those on a
breadboard. They help make connecting things much easier.
ARDUINO KIT
Piezo
An electrical component that can be
used to detect vibrations and create noises.
ARDUINO KIT
Photoresistor
(also called a photocell, or light-dependent resistor).
A variable resistor that changes its resistance based on the
amount of light that falls on its face.
ARDUINO KIT
Potentiometer
A variable resistor with three pins.
Two of the pins are connected to the ends of a fixed resistor.
ARDUINO KIT
Pushbuttons
Momentary switches that close a circuit when pressed.
These are good for detecting on/off signals.
ARDUINO KIT
Resistors
Resist the flow of electrical energy in a circuit, changing the
voltage and current as a result.
ARDUINO KIT
Servo Motor
A type of geared motor that can only rotate 180 degrees.
It is controlled by sending electrical pulses from your Arduino.
These pulses tell the motor what position it should move to.
ARDUINO KIT
Temperature Sensor
Changes its voltage output depending on the temperature of
the component.
The outside legs connect to power and ground. The voltage on the
center pin changes as it gets warmer or cooler.
ARDUINO KIT
Tilt Sensor
A type of switch that will open or close depending on its
orientation.
they are hollow cylinders with a metal ball inside that will make a
connection across two leads when tilted in the proper direction.
ARDUINO KIT
USB Cable
This allows you to connect your Arduino Uno to your
personal computer for programming.
It also provides power to the Arduino for most of the projects
in the kit.
ARDUINO
MICROCONTROLLER
Power Connector
This is how you power your
Arduino when it's not
plugged into a USB port for
power. Can accept voltages
between 7-12V.
ARDUINO
MICROCONTROLLER
USB Port
Used for powering your
Arduino Uno, uploading
your sketches to your
Arduino, and for
communicating with your
Arduino sketch
ARDUINO
MICROCONTROLLER
GND & 5V pins
Use these pins to provide +5V
power and ground to your
circuits.
ARDUINO
MICROCONTROLLER
Analog in
Use these pins with
analogRead()
MICROCONTROLLER
Digital Pins
Use these pins with digitalRead(),
digitalWrite(), and analogWrite().
analogWrite() works only on the
pins with the PWM symbol.
ARDUINO
MICROCONTROLLER
Power LED
Indicates that your Arudino
is receiving power.
ARDUINO
MICROCONTROLLER
TX and RX LEDs
These LEDs indicate
communication between your
Arduino and your computer.
Expect them to flicker rapidly
during sketch upload.
ARDUINO
MICROCONTROLLER
Reset Button
Resets the ATmega
microcontroller