Introduction to computer
Subjects Structured Programming
Level Y1S1
select Lecture 1
Date @August 5, 2024
The document provides an introduction to computers, covering
their definition, advantages such as high speed, accuracy,
storage capability, and versatility, as well as disadvantages like
lack of intelligence and emotions. It explains number systems
AI
used in computers, including decimal and binary, and discusses
summary
programming languages, differentiating between low-level and
high-level languages, along with their respective compilers.
Additionally, it touches on programming paradigms like functional
and structured programming. No assignments are given.
Key Points
What is the computer ?
A computer is an electronic device , which is responsible for processing
data input to generates the output information, along with storing data
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What is the advantages of Computers ?
1. High Speed
2. Accuracy
3. Storage Capability
4. Diligence
5. Versatility
6. Reliability
7. Automation
8. Reduction in Paper Work and Cost
We will explain each one of them now .
High Speed
It can perform millions of calculations in a few seconds as compared
to man who will spend many months to perform the same task
Accuracy
Computers perform all jobs with 100% accuracy provided that the
input is correct.
Storage Capability
a. A computer has much more storage capacity than human beings
b. It can store different types of data such as images, videos, text,
audio, etc.
Diligence
a. Unlike human beings, a computer is free from monotony, tiredness,
and lack of concentration.
b. It can perform repeated tasks with the same speed and accuracy.
Versatility
a. A computer is a very versatile machine.
b. A computer is very flexible in performing the jobs.
c. This machine can be used to solve the problems related to various
fields.
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Reliability
a. A computer is a reliable machine
b. Modern electronic components have long lives.
Automation
a. Automation is the ability to perform a given task automatically
without human interaction . Once the computer receives a program
then the program can control the program execution without human
interaction Like full automatic washing machine
Reduction in Paper Work and Cost
a. The use of computers for data processing in an organization leads to
reduction in paper work and results in speeding up the process.
Modern electronic components have long lives.
What is the disadvantages of computers ?
No I.Q .------------> intelligence quotient .
a. A computer cannot take any decision on its own. “ Without using
AI and Experts systems
Environment
a. The operating environment of the computer should be dust free
and suitable.
No Feeling
a. Computers have no feelings or emotions
When we type some letters or words , the computer translates them in
numbers as computers can understand only numbers
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Number Systems which are frequently used in computers
Decimal Number System
a. Decimal number system has base 10 as it uses 10 digits from 0 to 9
Binary Number System
a. Uses Two Digits, 0 and 1
Binary Number System
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Computer Programming Language is a language used to write computer
programs .
Computer Program is a set or sequence of instructions that can be
executed by Central Processing Unit
(CPU) to perform specific tasks .
Programming Language
1. Low-level language (LLL)
2. High-level language (HLL)
How computer understand assembly language ?
Assembler is a software responsible for transform assembly language to
machine
language .
Assembly language still is not clear enough, in addition to; it access CPU
Directly
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High Level language is a clear language easy to understand ”easy to
understand”, in addition to; it access CPU through Operating System .
High Level language is a programmer friendly language while, Low level
Language is
a machine friendly language
Compiler is a software responsible for transform High Level language to
assembly
language
Each Programming language “ HLL ” has it s own Compiler
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Assignments:
No Assignments .
Additional Notes:
High Level language
Function-Based Programming
Structure-Based Programming
Object-Oriented Programming
Functional programming is a programming paradigm that writes in pure
functions , meaning that these functions do not modify variables but
instead
generate new ones as an output
Structured programming is a programming paradigm that organizes a
program into a set of functions and modules .
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