Scribd
Upload
4 views14 pages

Chapter # 6

Chapter 6 discusses bandwidth utilization through multiplexing techniques, which enable the simultaneous transmission of multiple signals over a single data link. It covers various types of multiplexing, including Frequency-Division Multiplexing (FDM) and Time-Division Multiplexing (TDM), with examples illustrating their application. The chapter emphasizes the importance of these techniques in managing increasing data and telecommunications traffic.

Uploaded by

myworkingemail.tayyab
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
4 views14 pages

Chapter # 6

Chapter 6 discusses bandwidth utilization through multiplexing techniques, which enable the simultaneous transmission of multiple signals over a single data link. It covers various types of multiplexing, including Frequency-Division Multiplexing (FDM) and Time-Division Multiplexing (TDM), with examples illustrating their application. The chapter emphasizes the importance of these techniques in managing increasing data and telecommunications traffic.

Uploaded by

myworkingemail.tayyab
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Chapter 6

Bandwidth Utilization:
Multiplexing and
Spreading

6.1 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
6-1 MULTIPLEXING
Whenever the bandwidth of a medium linking two
devices is greater than the bandwidth needs of the
devices, the link can be shared. Multiplexing is the set
of techniques that allows the simultaneous
transmission of multiple signals across a single data
link. As data and telecommunications use increases, so
does traffic.
Topics discussed in this section:
Frequency-Division Multiplexing
Wavelength-Division Multiplexing
Synchronous Time-Division Multiplexing
Statistical Time-Division Multiplexing
6.2
Figure 6.1 Dividing a link into channels

6.3
Figure 6.2 Categories of multiplexing

6.4
Figure 6.3 Frequency-division multiplexing

6.5
Note

FDM is an analog multiplexing technique


that combines analog signals.

6.6
Figure 6.4 FDM process

6.7
Figure 6.5 FDM demultiplexing example

6.8
Example 6.1

Assume that a voice channel occupies a bandwidth of 4


kHz. We need to combine three voice channels into a link
with a bandwidth of 12 kHz, from 20 to 32 kHz. Show the
configuration, using the frequency domain. Assume there
are no guard bands.
Solution
We shift (modulate) each of the three voice channels to a
different bandwidth, as shown in Figure 6.6. We use the
20- to 24-kHz bandwidth for the first channel, the 24- to
28-kHz bandwidth for the second channel, and the 28- to
32-kHz bandwidth for the third one. Then we combine
them as shown in Figure 6.6.
6.9
Figure 6.6 Example 6.1

6.10
Figure 6.12 TDM

6.11
Figure 6.13 Synchronous time-division multiplexing

6.12
Example 6.8

Four channels are multiplexed using TDM. If each


channel sends 100 bytes /s and we multiplex 1 byte per
channel, show the frame traveling on the link, the size of
the frame, the duration of a frame, the frame rate, and
the bit rate for the link.
Solution
The multiplexer is shown in Figure 6.16. Each frame
carries 1 byte from each channel; the size of each frame,
therefore, is 4 bytes, or 32 bits. Because each channel is
sending 100 bytes/s and a frame carries 1 byte from each
channel, the frame rate must be 100 frames per second.
The bit rate is 100 × 32, or 3200 bps.
6.13
Figure 6.16 Example 6.8

6.14

You might also like