2nd International Conference on Engineering Technology and their Applications 2019-IICET2019- Islamic University,Alnajaf-
Iraq
Smart Infant Incubator Based On Mega
Microcontroller
SINAN S. MOHAMMED SHEET ZAID GHANIM MOHAMMED KHALEEL NAWAFAL KHALEEL
Northern Technical University Northern Technical University Northern Technical University
Mosul, Iraq Mosul, Iraq Mosul, Iraq
sinan_sm76@[Link] zaid_gh@[Link] [Link]@[Link]
AHMED ABDULRUDAH ABBAS
Kufa University
Alnajaf, Iraq
[Link]@[Link]
Abstract-This manuscript was carried out to design and important that the monitoring system generates alarms in case
implementation an infant smart care system based on At Mega of abnormal conditions.
Microcontroller. A preterm infant need a special environment Also As in past decade preterm infant need more efforts
conditions that like conditions of the uterus, else it will be from parents and hospital to be near of him/her and ready to
threatening for his life so the infant incubator was invented to
handle suitable care for an expecting need critical care. With
support special contour for the babies through offer controlling
and monitoring on the temperature and humidity inside it. The appearance of mobile communication and rapid development
controlling temperature and humidity are adjusted according to give motivation for the wireless infant monitoring systems
pre-set values similar to uterus environment values, as well [1],[4].
monitoring the oxygen level through measure CO2 level. The That led to design an embedded system and make ‘Infant
proposed system is consist of Arduino microcontroller (At mega) incubator not a monitoring system only as mention above in
, sensors for measure the temperature and humidity, the CO2 the earlier studies but to control on the temperature and adapt
percent and water reservoir level , in addition an actuators used the temperature inside the implemented incubator according to
as switching on/off for the heater and fan devices. In addition reference temperate. Such factors like humidity and
verification on the temperature sensing values had been done via
temperature are identified through using embedded system,
comparison the temperature sensor readings with a mercury
thermometer, which showed similarity in their readings. The where the number of premature death will be decrease through
overall finding indicates the proposed design are able to provide control on these factors, as well using engineering equipment
an environment conditions matching to the uterus environment, to give the premature stable environment to complete their
however an error noticed in the humidity graph during shield growth [3-5]. The contrast of this manuscripts with the
the microcontroller to mat-lab program. In brief this work previous studies that had done on baby monitoring system, the
provided new methods for design a reliable infant incubator proposed system significant two important points, first is carry
using UNO microcontroller. out the designed system inside a designed incubator, where
the previous works didn’t test similar systems inside real
Keywords: Preterm infant, sensors, UNO microcontroller, actuators.
incubator circumstance. The second point is deals with faults
[Link] (that may happen during system operating) by using dynamic
fault tolerance technique. The goal of using a Fault tolerant
Premature are babies which born before complete 37 weeks
technique is to make sure that faults do not lead to
of pregnancy period. There for they are subjects to multiple
malfunctioning and failure of the system through determining
serious health problems which could be calamitous for their
the existence of faults and execution some actions to end the
life. For instance they will be suffered from mental retardation,
faults.
learning and behavioural problems, cerebral palsy, lung
problems and vision and hearing loss. So the premature will
This Paper is organized as: Section II shows the designed
need to An Infant incubator, which is a device in which
system architecture, Section III. Summarize the main
preterm infants are placed to give or reproduce a similar
components of the hardware of the designed system, Section
environment to that babies were had in mother’s womb, the
IV explains the software of the system, Section V shows the
monitoring system basically includes sensors and a
implementation of the Infant incubator Section VI discusses
microcontroller. A biomedical sensor device is capable of
the obtained results and Section VII shows the conclusions.
sensing several vital physiological and physical data (body
temperature, humidity, heartbeat, oxygen level etc.) from
human bodies or environment and sending them to the
microcontroller by using analog or digital signals. It is
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978-1-7281-4105-3/19/$31.00 ©2019 IEEE
2nd International Conference on Engineering Technology and their Applications 2019-IICET2019- Islamic University, Alnajaf -
Iraq
[Link] ARCITECHTERE
The architecture of the designed system consists of both
hardware and software. Block diagram is as shown in Fig.1,
hardware components were assembled according to the block
this diagram. The code is written in embedded C and is
uploaded into the microcontroller. The following sections
provide more details of the components used in the designed
prototype.
[Link] DESIGN
This includes all hardware parts implemented in the Fig.2. Temperature and Humidity Sensor
intended system. This can be summarized by subsequent
stages: B. Co2 Gas Sensor
Gas Sensor used to detect the level of CO2 inside incubator.
So, it’s give the information about percent level of CO2 gas
which can use it inform about oxygen level, just as CO2 level
increase that will be indicator for decreasing in the oxygen
level. MQ-5 sensor proposed shown in Fig.3, which specified
by having a fast response, stable, long life and simple drive
circuit [7].
Fig.3. MQ-5 Gas Sensor
C. Water level sensor
An ultra sound sensor is placed at the top of the water tank
to measure the distance between the point of placement and
the water surface. The distance values reads by the Arduino
and compare it with lower limit.
Fig.1. Block Diagram of the proposed system
A. Temperature And Humidity Sensor Air temperature
Fig.4. Ultrasound Sensor(water level sensor)
DHT11 Temperature & humidness sensing element is
shown in Fig.2. A temperature & humidness sensing element D. Arduino Microcontroller
advanced with a digital signal output by using the exclusive Arduino is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega
digital-signal-acquisition technique and temperature & microcontroller is used in this paper to demonstrate the
humidness sensing technology, it ensures high reliability with designed system and test the obtained results through used the
best stability [1],[6]. facilities that support it, that can be summarized with
definition is an open source computer hardware and software,
equipped with sets of digital and analog input/output (I/O)
pins that may be interfaced to various expansion boards or
Breadboards (shields) and other circuits hers. The Arduino
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2nd International Conference on Engineering Technology and their Applications 2019-IICET2019- Islamic University, Alnajaf -
Iraq
Uno is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega328 used so a relay is used to interface these elements with the Arduino
for the suggested designed system [1],[3]. microcontroller as clarified in Fig.6 [1],[4],[5].
D. Heater
Air temperature is referring to the heat content of the air.
Also can referring to the average speed or kinetic energy level
of molecules. Heater element is used to warm the air’s
contents, it switch on when receiving a trigger signal from
microcontroller that insure the temperature degree fix at a pre-
set value, In order to provide a comfortable circumstances
inside the incubator [1,5]. Fig.6. Relay
E. Fan [Link] DESIGN
The humidity is a measure of the amount of water vapour The software is designed to read temperature inside
in the air compared to the maximum amount of water vapour incubator and depending on comparison of the reading values
that could hold at that temperature, and is given as a with offset temperature then ON signal will send to heater
percentage value. Relative humidity depends on the element or not. As well as, the humidity is measured inside
temperature of the air and Air circulating inside incubator incubator too and depending on comparison these measured
which accomplished by using fan, any change in humidity value with pre-set value the decision will take to send ON
value the microcontroller give a trigger signal to the fan which signal to Fan or not. Where the humidity an important factor
start working and maintain its rate to the desired level . in designing of an incubator to control thermal loss for the
infant, and is controlled through the level of water inside the
G. Alarm water reservoir which is monitoring by ultrasound sensor. The
Alarm system consists of buzzer, light signal and text on maximum-minimum value of relative humidity inside the
LCD display used to give the supervisor an indication if any infant depend on heating the water inside the incubator and on
measured parameter goes beyond the set point value. (as mentioned previously) water level in the water tank. The
designed code algorithm is described as a flow chart shown in
H. Push bottom Switch Fig.7. Consider; TM temperature sensor, HM humidity sensor
The Push bottom switch used as an input for the designed LV water level sensor, PW power indicator.
system to control and change the reference values of
temperature or others sensors parameter to the desired level Start
that wants to be inside the incubator system. Sensors
1-Tm&Hm Initialize system
I. LCD display 2-water
lv(ultrasound
sensor)
LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) shown in Fig.5 used as an 3- co2 sensor
Read data
output device to display the sensors level readings of the (increase co2
refer to
designed Incubator [1],[4],[5]. decrease in
o2)
Error detected Fan OFF
[Water level & high LV=> min level(2cm) Correct
No (02 low)Co2 level<=400
Co2(low o2)] function No
YES
IF HM < pre-set
Yes Fan ON
value
Tm==Tm pre-set
Alarm on HM==HM pre-set
&
Display Low
(O2&[Link])
Heater OFF
NO
Fig.5. LCD displays Fill the reservoir Yes
water of the
incubator
J. Relay Open the window of Error pre-set values
IF TM=> pre-set
the incubator Of TM&HM NO Heater ON
value
Since the Arduino board limitation of currents and voltage Detected
while the designed system used elements (fan and heater) that
consume current and voltage higher than the microcontroller
limitation as well as to give protection for the microcontroller, Fig.7. Flowchart of the Designed System
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2nd International Conference on Engineering Technology and their Applications 2019-IICET2019- Islamic University, Alnajaf -
Iraq
Also Table I shows the sensor failure conditions. The TM, decrease when shields the Arduino with Math-lab software
HM, LV,O2 level values are measured by the sensors. These which gave percentage of error for humidity graph.
values were capered with pre-set values by the
microcontroller depend on this comprising the trigger signal
activate. In case reads the values and then compares. If they
are not in pre-set range and they not changed after trigger
signal then the heater or fan operations are handled and the
sensors are said to be failed. If all of them give the error value
then the system is to be failure and stopped.
TABLE I. REPRESENT THE SENSORS FAULT TOLERANT SYSTEM
Failure
# TM HM LV O2 Fault scheme
Percent
No fault exist, system
1 1 1 1 1 0%
work normally
Faulted detected ‘Low
2 1 1 1 0 25%
Oxygen level ‘
Faulted detected (a)
3 1 1 0 1 25% ‘Water level sensor
failure’
Fault detected
4 1 0 1 1 25% ‘humidity sensor
failure’
Fault detected ’water
5 1 0 0 1 50% level &humidity
failure’
Fault detected
6 0 1 1 1 25% ‘temperature sensor
failure’
Fault detected
7 0 0 1 1 50% ‘temperature
&humidity failure’
Fault detected
8 0 0 0 1 75% ‘TM&HM&LV
failure’
[Link] IMPLEMENTATION
(b)
The monitoring and control scheme of new born incubator
implemented step by step. The first one started with design the Fig.8. Control System Configuration
circuit and collects it’s components then assembled it on the
breadboard for test it’s validity before implemented it to build
the new born incubator with all its accessories as shown in
Fig.8 (a, b) respectively. Second step started with connecting
the components and implement the control system designed
with all features required had been checked to provide a
reliable monitoring system. Finally, wiring and connecting the
intended control system to the incubator accomplished, shown
in Fig.9.
[Link] AND DISSCUSSION
The designed system tested carefully under many
temperatures and humidity settings change, the analysis for
the system response accomplished with using Mat-lab
programme as explained in Fig.10 (a, b, c and d). Figures
show that control circuit gave a good and stable response to
any change in temperature and humidity at any time and the Fig.9. The Designed Infant Incubator
factors changed rapidly to the desired rate of setting
temperature. As well as, the readings of humidity sensor
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2nd International Conference on Engineering Technology and their Applications 2019-IICET2019- Islamic University, Alnajaf -
Iraq
(c)
(a) (d)
Fig.10. System Response Analysis
During parameters changed the following results illustrates
the working of the proposed system shown in Fig.11 (a, b and
c).
(a)
(b)
(b)
(c)
Fig.11. Intended system at work
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2nd International Conference on Engineering Technology and their Applications 2019-IICET2019- Islamic University, Alnajaf -
Iraq
Many examines task had been done for different cases and [7] H. Cao, L. Hsu, T. Ativanichayaphong, and J. Sin, “An Infant
Monitoring System Using CO 2 Sensors,” IEEE SENSORS 2007
different devices, where the table I explained them. In
Conference, pp. 989–992, 2007.
addition to the percentage of error between the proposed
designed incubator in comparison to mercury thermometer.
TABLE II. CASES STUDY AND PERCENTAGE ERROR FOR TEMPERATURE
BETWEEN OF THERMOMETER AND SUGGESTED INCUBATOR
Real Temp. by
percentage of
thermometer
Set Temp.
incubator
Humidity
incubator
designed
mercury
% error
Tem. by
#
1 61 25 25.2 25 0.8%
2 61 27 27.2 27 0.8%
3 62 29 29.15 29 0.517%
4 62 31 31.1 31 0.322%
VII. CONCLUSIONS
The purpose of the proposed system was designed and
implemented practically and it was found that system can read
and give real precise humidity and temperature evaluation.
The system uses Dynamic techniques, is accomplish fault
tolerance by detecting the existence of faults and performing
some action to remove the faults. Where the error percentage
very close to zero (0.3-0.8 %). According to its acceptable
precision the control scheme can be used for continuous
monitoring of circumstances inside the new born incubator
and deliver the necessary conditions for a baby. Wide range of
test reading for different practically cases were taken which
indicated the reliability of the proposed system. As a future
work add a selenide valve to control on filling function of the
water reservoir and a stepper motor to control on opening and
closing operation of the incubator window.
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