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Core Java Interview QA

The document is a cheat sheet for Core Java interview questions and answers, covering key concepts such as features of Java, differences between JDK, JRE, and JVM, and various programming principles like abstraction, encapsulation, and exception handling. It also explains the distinctions between data structures like List, Set, and Map, as well as threading concepts. Additionally, it includes information on lambda expressions, functional interfaces, and the Optional class.

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3 views2 pages

Core Java Interview QA

The document is a cheat sheet for Core Java interview questions and answers, covering key concepts such as features of Java, differences between JDK, JRE, and JVM, and various programming principles like abstraction, encapsulation, and exception handling. It also explains the distinctions between data structures like List, Set, and Map, as well as threading concepts. Additionally, it includes information on lambda expressions, functional interfaces, and the Optional class.

Uploaded by

Neha
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Core Java Interview Questions & Answers (Cheat

Sheet)

Q: What are the main features of Java?


■ Object-oriented, platform independent, simple, secure, robust, multithreaded, distributed,
automatic GC.

Q: Difference between JDK, JRE, and JVM?


■ JDK: Development kit (JRE+compiler). JRE: Runtime env (libs+JVM). JVM: Executes bytecode.

Q: What is bytecode?
■ Intermediate code generated after compilation, executed by JVM.

Q: Abstraction vs Encapsulation?
■ Abstraction: Hiding implementation (abstract class/interface). Encapsulation: Wrapping
data+methods (class, modifiers).

Q: Interface vs Abstract class?


■ Interface: Only abstract (Java8+ default/static). Supports multiple inheritance. Abstract:
abstract+concrete methods.

Q: Overloading vs Overriding?
■ Overloading: Same method, diff params (compile-time). Overriding: Subclass redefines (runtime).

Q: final vs finally vs finalize()?


■ final: constant/no override/inheritance. finally: always executes in try/catch. finalize(): called by
GC before destroy.

Q: == vs equals()?
■ ==: reference compare. equals(): value compare.

Q: String vs StringBuilder vs StringBuffer?


■ String: Immutable. StringBuilder: Mutable, faster, not thread-safe. StringBuffer: Mutable,
thread-safe, slower.

Q: List vs Set vs Map?


■ List: ordered, duplicates. Set: unordered, no duplicates. Map: key-value, unique keys.

Q: HashMap vs Hashtable?
■ HashMap: not sync, allows null, faster. Hashtable: sync, no nulls, slower.

Q: Comparable vs Comparator?
■ Comparable: natural ordering (compareTo). Comparator: custom ordering (compare).
Q: Process vs Thread?
■ Process: independent, own memory. Thread: lightweight, shares memory.

Q: sleep() vs wait()?
■ sleep(): pause, doesn’t release lock. wait(): pause until notify, releases lock.

Q: Checked vs Unchecked exceptions?


■ Checked: compile-time (IOException). Unchecked: runtime (NPE, ArithmeticEx).

Q: throw vs throws?
■ throw: used to explicitly throw exception. throws: declares exceptions a method may throw.

Q: What are lambda expressions?


■ Anonymous function: (args) -> expression.

Q: Functional interface?
■ Interface with 1 abstract method (@FunctionalInterface). E.g., Runnable.

Q: map() vs flatMap()?
■ map(): transforms element. flatMap(): flattens + transforms stream.

Q: Optional class?
■ Represents value that may/may not exist. Prevents NullPointerException.

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