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DIP Module 1 Note

The document discusses the fundamentals of digital image processing, including the differences between analog and digital images, and the elements of digital image systems. It covers various image types, processing techniques, and the advantages and disadvantages of digital imaging. Additionally, it addresses the technology behind image sensors and the importance of digital image manipulation in various applications.

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3 views47 pages

DIP Module 1 Note

The document discusses the fundamentals of digital image processing, including the differences between analog and digital images, and the elements of digital image systems. It covers various image types, processing techniques, and the advantages and disadvantages of digital imaging. Additionally, it addresses the technology behind image sensors and the importance of digital image manipulation in various applications.

Uploaded by

chaandhusanthoshh
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
lo DibTAL_Inings “Phocessig. | Pigtal Image Jundamentals: : > Array. vepmenentatlino -> Basic relahon ship blo pirels - > Zlemenls of DIP systera LsZlmenl of visual pexephin. pe Simpl Irae, Govan miactel x [Faaveing A cigitad iroges tou Compuls plow 03 BP - / > Cah. Imnoge. provwaing 7 (Motion) ; @ stoiage— % number df, lrnogea Vox even of you. Seen in your podbi le, phone, menor et aut and ayslom gus Slows dPU”? (lone. -by lng ‘te. Inge) - si sich (11) Teansivrission - p brews mit oy Sige. inrage Should be. lex ond “Lt poguiinun les nwo Bou Congo Yor [riage [re wing 2 iD Jmpronament- 4 pictorol “infounsluiso Gor Auman inlorenelabon -Cpucephen) . \ Scanned with CamScanner Oba iy an hroage! @Digial —g > Prgjecin AD Scene © \rnage. 4 in QD plane © Piss all Nakedl eye — plane. pape . : Image. Wa QD Junthy . ae] Joodimena mal guncken 9 O5Y), Wherry De nition: ana¥ game spalial Costdinalia » and F ak ary ng, A Conelinali (WY) & Matted oe or lp ay led. Ath Binge ta Pat | Depending oe x ¥ and evalu: Ty dre. lwot iyPar ef, loosen . Dénalog mage 3) Dif) Brags " Anadog. Srmage. , When above. matoorradizal upraentahan fos ontario Scanned with CamScanner posihon. and Inonts ty 4 irons. Dw, analog itmagg . Sy Image. en CRT mooike 7 Shovage. reguiremen |: Yor this eqnadog Image ay high roly- ‘ 8) Digital Image. [> When %Yand £ ane all dik, clirorwlé quanhien mage é a oligo Wage K Meneraby in owr Lovilel ol ame ts onilog lone bet or Shnioge, puypose and Fran smisti a purpose. Wwe Wanver A int cligited tena: voit tre help d} diigitad tormpulia - Analog. Imag, — Digital Imop. Analog Image |-—_S"Garmpling. | ‘ Colisurehsohony €Y, ’ | [Digital Innage K————_Quanigation . @ Lo Gonlainn Synile Number 4, Clemens cach + 38 Cdich bas 4 parthiouas Aocahion and Valus Scanned with CamScanner Ls Thee, Clemenk, ane tated picave arent, | image, Jiemenb, Peb ox Piel - Advarlogs . Ls Fast processing [ly lew aa conepameet by analag), L, Cost’ Zhhective + Fhlecrvr Stroge y » EY dent hansesio . Ly Scope, or Vorsalile image rmanipulahen | Disadvantages p> High roly- Ir" good qty Images aurol ene ¥ " june gas eR Zara Vite \ Digitol, droog. Repacneriabien . “exolahion , Digial raage. nihing bal-an Q-p amin. Ths. Stribbial”. Llernen|: — Pree - rach pid rt: Some, lnteninly st given Weng . nia Scanned with CamScanner 1 x Insly Dv vewenth nthe form 4a marine, to) Flo’) $%--- £@N4) Y (com) 2/2 Woe Pony gee wD) . HAN Oigito) Urroge r¢qmuntabion o ndining. bake Image io Yerroented itty. Yor 44 Qp- mabnr - What is Digital Image pmovasing? - P The nab. sis and ‘Mmanipulahwn 4a cligihg ed mage, especial, 10% in cedex by weyMone quant | Paovesing 4, digi me ‘oy means fy & cligitol Gmpula - fAct¥antagis Jt gives mon. indosmahon that human Poeings tr lived rebated bo (visual bund —> Chive EM spestrun Sram germina }y radio Wawa). Scanned with CamScanner —> Can be prondi 4, A lypa: } Black antwbite 0% Bioany, mages ~— > }wo Logic. levels (o #1) > Two upham jr Shading Pap OS —» Incxeaved jot mont. number, 4 Shades. 9 Colour Iroages (RBA) —_ | 4) Muld spechal moa ‘ | D Bincw, Irnagen: an ' —+ (mage, cvith only. duo [Link] wD) ; 3 Simple fo proce cand enalype . a Jeu. useful wor Inward capper ~ | > Dblained ‘von Grau. level on( Colour lrnag) by threcbdiding . oe bow: 1° A GOW) <7 Oo AGM) >=7 Scanned with CamScanner gp) Goray scale, Image - &) AA also referred hy ad, MondchyorU. (one Colour) Imagen: > An &-bil- gray sul rinoge. Gnlains as6 bagetnen wer (o-ass) > O-Hawle yags- Panu esbile . 3) Palos Ion. —~ Noclelled mw 3- band monocmoauw Imoge cade taher ach band Uowerpands bo olil| event Colour» (1ypiual Colour -RUR) . ~ Fbil > 94 ple . (pags) 4) Nolum |moge 4 3D Wags. ~~ Volure Image. Cun be. dbldined volo sqne Tne aliceul Inskusrrends. Imaging. equipmenks in Whid inefiuitaad lak pent are lallest ‘ores. ~ Volume Pritelr— Vowels | 4! CT Suan images =F a Scanned with CamScanner )o 'S Mulli speotial_ liege: | |} lonlaim inIesnaahon oulsole the Norm gd human perceptual yange - _, | ined IR OV, x-veug , 2e0uah G or yadar clas - 4 dir Inoaigen —b cong a nr alivectly Vigible by fre. urea Sho. : ~, iMpsmation Papalormed 42 Wisued ono by Mapping cli] ereal’ Spectra bowel fo RBG Componenh : h : P * Can be yoed ty resonahud- 8-0 lines a jp foamabion 7 yprecentes| Samer, Aicaedined on . 1 Scanned with CamScanner O Ragtlent yy (2 CaPhaing . Pete Vroblerg “Pa bake Resepe «Levelt ‘Doroaip : 1 Acostcling. bo ous upplicuban We tun ve pairislor Proves Boron there Prolerses Scanned with CamScanner | mene. Lis Di j ' 7 Proven a ; mal Senet Deke tle Deuces, JAlmage. Acgui islkao Flenen. L Amoge. Requisition @ tw prow 4 ore a. Accu ~Loorl dl nog cand stoving- theo oh a cr Digital Commera, Ly Tims ome nde ured OX ctigite Comnaias |, Srcteaol they ue a Change loupled oleic (ed) oy cms clouite aa te image aensor thal Zonverta light: kn, “Clechnual dhaiger Ly AN image. Sensor @ & OP away a, Light sensitive Flemera = thal tonveata photo fo Zlecn ow - Too Types 4 image Sensors [0 Cop Bensov ID. CMDS: rH oy Jo"bs oak Scanned with CamScanner > Thuy om Orne, cortay Si- chips Capable +4 cetetiog light - Used in "agro Processing andl imaging Dem Ls SiltGoro lignl: Sensi rvila, Phat: yeopond s Yo ywoanelengis lessthan +) Nro (visible gpecta? bl O- gpm “a 2Lpenakm cep wv basally a semen ch Cr Sa | CoD imaging. in Pafomed 0 aha |> Tposume An-tbis Step, the serser © entpose{ Lp The Snider: | Vigot-- Op emposane. ) Lighl en Snts un elecrsonic. charge ak cinema Se vertical Le Tf pines - anrey KI fen ) Chon ye hawte - Ty bl ie oni, Charge hram'bes. Moves the, pase d; change Cotte ‘tn The sion Suubshale. chang tovoltogs. “ Conversion and Outpa: amplivcata The, ong asrotisad — Cdith eaeh p Shoo i absodvesh bytha Sind Lasven “aveadiay do oecLit-- Tai Me alder Scanned with CamScanner jyiosdo an Cledron -héy. pwr Chosge pala . DDL Py Ag] Ag pre oa sll ZL ovel Wyie ey f Film Ls) . Collestion region . Photon ‘inenattion with Sikeoo - ro The number 4 & collected ak code pineal Db inet cuperdianb on the light: Level and onyosune Dime oF wn dinearly clepentianl: on the howling tn he L probes matt ak aittaent dupths in the Silicon epencliyy up a thei rwoawlenghhs. L, Formation a Oranges cleps on the Nawelengin 4 Hue light = chasger an Copturest sing ins techn dle 00 charge welln and Tories - ; + CCD HOS ehudum tons - Ww verbally, slatksed fondue. material apa. GY) Si SWoshalL oii) Highly. in utaliog mated ol [sion Scanned with CamScanner by upping 0 Volloge PAentd ko tre pays Wooo gui Cleinods the Ueto Gain polenvial coithin Pra, Shion can be changed . i 7 i jeu Voll Ls van with cw Cappo pro | 096 eat lose! cou be Ymmed vohich 40 Coxpab ; + icant colic by tre indo? the. Cocalinesl ehethory , GIL Ancient Light YN 1 polyaiior - Sox Y — i aera j pel. Bari Polennad Photo géheratid Look Si swash ae Charger ONL tranojoned tou, verrgiog The gale Volt agen urd the send to.a Sensoy am pUe . inagen cre, Sensed UsiPa, 3 Yaebniquus. (® Poinl~ Sconning . Lyscan prael cvise ¥-Y (oorclinalty «(Single Cell cluted > wD Compleat and Tne Lonuaring | . ee ( . oo Scanned with CamScanner a pornbed [ne in wrnation om tha, scene, % Captumad veing. occas a Single. (CU cletectors - Scan Offi cone 0 lAmijeal bt No. a CCP cleutaa « y {saan Kime Sec~ Min © dixee Scanning: I+ AD conay- oy SENSO - XK b+ Higheal- roma vale - Ly Ciood aecunacy . i hon Compler - 4, Aimifed yeoolution . L, hous SNe . I> tHidney (ott - rAd antoge UTS Home amp» Ac, Ytov Converter ob ouupiesl ! Ora Single chip - |, how Power Con sEpRp 2 - , Ly con inegra dieing. jLontnd and Lencgic ROL Cour tiy onto Berar chip - L> Random) ccter enabler elchnorve iSindowo ing Pan and goom , trtligh, jaroductivly catia love cok . Scanned with CamScanner | Dyarobacks }> Zach pinel iv gmpihed _8e p> Relediaualy Aasege. FPNC Fired patter Net se). ise 4 oye ety > Variali ona oN arnpitia gain cuncl dhbsel: Course, EEN ore Wi Ceakdle rear phe Peer hemi oe Featumws cep cmos - Power gonoum phon . High Aow + a my) bo edly Gi) Systema Wri egrarion eee Sed “ a arp ADC IVEY Feokouasg , converter - Ponce | Pp Image Quadity High Quod untae GP} Bivustout RU pacros Totay prvel Sige 1 Ik detvsmines the monimup achetvable peat ae (YDynanic Yang (thoes Variouy colors ) Cv) Nave eve | Cred palesn Noise) wit) System Coreplanity jul) Cost ovo nuise lmagutiole. Yo noise. High Ce”) Andee) | FAL Gador = lLighl Seine ajen Cure mioolene bo impnone gin gadvr) High Usegeret= Chigh Sensstvily Aste Hfgh . “High how , High ae) faXsw) Scanned with CamScanner 3) \mmoge._stvs Deuian: [3 Woous Jo store. cy \rnoge : (y) Camew PC - (®) \n build Frereor ch Carena I Camera Go Tomovable, storage. ond then BPC - Tino type ah Removable storage. en (i) Disk Systery (1) Flash mernony - Disk sys - Type 1: 8-gmrm Hick. SRAM - Type L: NIC ;modurs a Type 3 + lose Fhige. miniata, Rav deve - lye PO. Sturay. Cova SRAM ~ gma ketrium baton i wed be. setain The cada - Ix Flash neon Dota lun be ghrsed cind exoned 9 ae cohen “peg ines a Vote Slemenb: Lot c can, be a PL oF Procrsor - ohio may poperm the. = olioeaing Pieri Amage brarotoe a? Jonge, Gahran carson: { j sw sift ford x y 1 uv ‘ “ah Scanned with CamScanner > Smogs. restoration ord enciing : {> -lrnoge Segmentation . PD Okjer Seco given . > Amage. Compre He Displeuy “Dou wo: Lert: Lep-or Led Display : [Display deuite Selectim ~ Deige ch Monitor . Salles gyven good pottabilty ‘ 2) No. & Colors ». } No. a tolours ‘propodtional to the_ubbi lily dy hance govel Forolulion immaggn « D) Bpukial Yenolu on Seo the no. a pistes (Horigontab xvorkeaD, Slununks 2h Visual ens {the Visual Slm Conaids on ys. Yoal dranslorros Lagnt: into nauvod biqnals, arocl tre. veratid para o the Yaain the proum the Neural Fiqnal ¢ and entra TupasamA in}eamahs - —1| Light enkus the lene , passer through Fre aqueous Auunoay then Weough Hw len into the vitveus hurnor, . || ae finay on fo the phdbrceeplos Locale at the Scanned with CamScanner badk ¢h the vetinw. The UliaTy, muse Une wuponsible Poe atcwehoclatin the leng 0.03. b> Jou the Light Tays on fothe Fou cor: Csregion ebrdtina Contuiriog the grealist clans’ of ton). a Gicors bo dy aod Arig Adds the len - endian 4 Auman Visual sho - —Huroan eye io a aghlly. cagmmetscal sphor with diame Qommn . Pupil auours Light to enter the ay (id oppens dale became hte obsubig pigrmenb A the vebina) . sh pupil % Hu. ope. Conleada shen exposed bo bvighF Lgnt - Phu effet io do Aechues the amount ff Light that Jala on the vetinn. Hower Whme pane, the vebner aooph ts the new feyel and the pupil aetna to 18 original Bide: spun gi je iotn aA tolourred Ux ala, rrusclt, the its MGonted) 5 HL mone. ov [ex light - Bae a, Ye puptl Bo thal- _ Foye golowr of ins lou U clue Lo Variable, abal — bl ainir)¢ phomedanin . | | Helscin eumaanin (brown [bla melai ands prerqdenio — with CamScanner Introduction toimage-Processing System 15 A black-looking aperture, the pupil allows light to center the eye (it appears dark because of the absorbing pigments in the retina). The pupil of the eye contracts, when exposed to bright light. The effect is to reduce the amount of light that falls on the retina. However, as time passes, the retina adapts to the new level and the pupil returns to its original size. The pupil can control the amount of light entering by about a factor of 30. A coloured circular muscle, the iris, which is beautifully pigmented, gives us our eye colour (the central aperture of the iris is the pupil). This circular muscle controls the size of the pupil so that more or less light, depending on conditions, is allowed to enter the eye. Eye colour, or more correctly, iris colour is due to variable amounts of eumelanin (brown/black melanins) and pheomelanin (red/yellow melanins) produced by melanocytes. More of the former is present in brown-cyed people and of the latter in blue- and green-eyed people. The horizontal section of the human eye is shown in Fig. 1.16. A transparent external surface, the cornea, covers both the pupil and the iris. This is the first and most powerful lens of the optical system of the eye and allows, together with the crystalline lens the production of a sharp image at the retinal photoreceptor level. The cornea and lens act together like a camera lens to focus an image on the retina at the back of the eye, which acts like the film The ‘white of the eye’, the sclera, forms part of the supporting wall of the eyeball. The sclera is continuous with the comea. The sclera is a nearly spherical shell with a radius of 11 mm and is 1-mm thick. At the front ofthe eye, the sclera merges into the transparent cornea. Fig. 1.15 View ofthe human eye Scanned with CamScanner 16 Digital imige Procerting fe fhe external layer formed chess three different layers. They are (i) the ex ta by sn iatemmodiate layer, divided into two parts—anterior (iris and ciliary body) ang ‘or the sensory partofthe eye. the retina. ee chambers of fiuid—anterion ee (betxcen cornea and itis), posterior chamber eee fiona, aad the sireas chamber (between the lens and the retina). The fir, Fe ne oie ine vitreous chamber is filled with a more viscous Nui, “The sagital section of the eye also reveals the : ones ens witch isa transparent body located behind << the isis. The lens is suspended by ligaments (called zonule fibers) attached to the anterior portion of the ciliary body. The contraction or o-*~ Pexation of these ligaments as a consequence bSfelliary muscle actions, changes the shape of the lens, a process called accommodation, that cc allows us to form a sharp image on the retina, ae The vertical section of the human eye is shown in Fig 1.17. Light rays are focussed through the transpar- ext comea and lens upon the retina. The central “= ™~ , point for image focus (the visual axis) in the fman retina is the fovea. Here, 2 maximally focussed imaze initiates resolution of the ines Bary ory detail and direct transmission of that detail to Fig 17 vertcclcecion ot the human eye the brain for the higher operations needed for perception. Slightly more nasally situated than ic axis projecting closer to the optic nerve head. The optic axis is the longest sagital Sont or vertex of the comea and the furthest posterior part of the eyeball. It is about the ris that the eye is rotated by the eye muscles. The neural signals from the photoreceptors are processed the retina by other cell types, and also passed directly over the optic nerve, together with the outputs from char retical cell types, to the brain. 1.5.2 Photopicand Scotopic Vision Soe a The rods are sensitive to very low illumination and are responsible for scotopic vision. The order of minimum dexcable laminance is about I nL. The cones, which are very tightly packed in the fovea, lie in line witb the visual axis end are responsible for the most acute vision, photopic vision. The minimum sensitivity of cones is of the order of @ microlambert, Rods are used to see at night or under very low illumination. Colour vision, alsa keaan as photopic vision, is provided by the cones, of which there are three distinct classes, each containing 2 different photosensitive pigment. The three pigments have maximum absorptions at 430, 53) and S60 nim and the cones are often called blue, green and red. The cones provide colour vision that can distinguish fine wavelength changes. g 1.5.3 Brightness and Cc , ' Brightness is the psychological concept or : jated with the amount of light stimulus. and the size of the solid angle from which Light source intensit Scanned with CamScanner : GOright ners : Tt can be. clafined a3 the adrmomabi ndion 4h toenail - St gives a meaoum Ahthe amour oh - adiatad Or reflected . Legh by Pinel °{@onhast St in tha cliljuroxe blo ths. highea! ‘imlensaly levels in an ienagp.. te, olijferente blo the, mandieasn exrol -mouinum pinel felony inan Togs. py we J} & sociated coith the cLominent Wavelength. fn minduas Light hoauer: 2 Call an cMpjecl= Real, Ovange or Yeiovo LE are andl loweot bohenr oo! Kapech ying the Aue - 4. uyong: ‘Kelabine poral ov He. campunk 4 pone Kght- Spied. ith ahoe Vibiyor 2 ably, dubs (Quas epbebund | Se. d with CamScanner 3 {}Matth lund effect : Hwa phenome by wohich furoan lrown Bub contiovoly. ineegre the Conrusl blo ‘woo sua? coith clifjurenl- Curninanves ¢apporent iatghthess, hoe iavghl- = an diye apes @ human bye Intensity wD untkora along coiclth of, te bo How ever, Hee. Visus) Oppeanance “ip thal egroly Step -— in datos ck da (igl Bids than enght- Vidlicon Grmerg ox Pholeconcutctin. Ceurnesu | Widivon cecum uty genera une, Or the, Cas ly So's and gained irmestiali popularly becaure. 4 do srt She gaane eh operation - ; O- Junciory on a prrndiple phdb coneluechuty, lahore Rui blance. ef phoho Loneludive burg ove cloovennen with ineiare in Lighh inkonlyy - Viditoon 0 Shell: tube boith alength 418 bo aoun Scanned with CamScanner and oliame ‘blu 1S ho Au. _loy ie W Umalid tobe blw Svov fo Qo,200hr. —,fReidtance 4 Susu changer ir bla Qua. todort Hoy bnghl- bo clock. ep Lem Diagram ¢1awking . Deflection ua 9) fo Lonaluth ve- tetigek cal MH” Blane Yace plate » Zt é be eral and ‘elke Vj duo Cet op 9 Mesh - De Calerration Owid - boodsing _ Che ght Sram The objec 42 pum er throogh the, ler 4 Widkiwon Garnier Chen the Light ‘2 pares Hinvooyh 9 Gow plate O08 afjor thal - HK Light ia Pasren trough the Loncludiva, Coating . hu tonauu cine Cootking. Ras e1 chemeotenishica Anale Scanned with CamScanner Fy Yunis ante wil cheng caith yeapecl- bo Inkneily of Lighl, chicr w Lonsing ror lorw - > way Uject> han Iwo cedo oie, that lolecke Spo and laght epur gor blade andl white qv. bo, dale apd howe Aighea vidiane Concluch ne Louting. ond light spur faut Cover Sn tanie. Th. out put Sigee! dh Wieli co” Loe Yprom, Loncactine Soading . Over Vb \ alwn ate pholo S| & Aokirhong. bi swyphad - Qntte. Uddicon” atin alae dp the target rrotenial (‘Proto (onduchine fog) ip daposided on Hur Tec. 4 a Conduching gjom gheel” behind an ophicably. {ol— Joes pla 8 metal 7g ened & prowolL clookrical Lonneckion. | &n Blachon’ gun col prices , bean jn eased “ith Cathools- ome apf" bupply in given fo the Cathool IEF Wi enn) Scanned with CamScanner engibye motorial Wed INwderon aman ao ~]| Now —) a xy > Tor Scanning: apraim t done Cheeni beam and sipivn a phohe concluchis Qui] ate - hele wo Consider sing epar, dark &pdl- ye runierame ok te vonduchne Coating & inght: spar thw. Yenitiance wi be. Ah ik WO base more and vor leary - | Ato Qo NA —9|Prio Yon Chance Varation to ble Sas ho (brghD Cer). by steering. the election besuo Gre ronment cectin beara Lorhdled lay mogrelix oleplection andl floasning wil- Pas. ler, cane pvght spot thy Twi Gane @ [Kaned OM ( . a Couting wou change. “Tren wail prrocuics dy Conductv an etovnad biasing: to gon enine coating and an dleah co! op prockated baned ontre. PAR Ouwent Produced - ‘ ig pris » high qommance cud Ww 7 . JV prourcd ‘Dass spa 4 hobs owes ammo 2b Gaol Acca viatys oid Acealorola eloclvom beam . —» Buy eledw bear inty pho be Cancluatis Deoacederki motion o4.€s -e ous wy etelenah om Mid Phole conduchex. SuMae ‘lof Pde. ch Canrn: Scanned with CamScanner Foo wviel A pphcahions : we Dn SI Towia Viditon wen. wed Only idhene thew ; Qarl: Monsnent , beceuwe. dh inherent log - ~ aun avd. 4} Trio appli cabiorw inclucles Bic pict cannon ang . | Pdutatio Medicine sineush | Tolujsion (Ws SC earognaphyy andl mos) populou in Cela) \Advant can 3) (ow Cote = fae). > Rajuotnent 2 Simple . 23 Fangs SLOT Vi ly > | Cood serolubun ined + Ssolaws. GIs) (Disadvantages, | = ygnl- pA wit. nd- Lscppeas immmeotiatty « Mortal Camera»: lA cuigitod camura Ww datsice ton orem gui SKU ond mowing imoges in digital oure thal Cun fun be faocrsed - Qustnwy uning, Specih re bdtioanw, & Lahen a phdegroph b falean the Shute open ano Scanned with CamScanner Nx Nisvor ot penla psn 4] 77 Hranaullank Sve. Firm CSensor) | shui ey Mirvor Lens conungement Cinsinu)- Vels laght in though Yhe laws - a) (ne light Joounedl 0 a Sernos, Which uually | | When batt pron: minor wiu mre, leithos a ccd eo: ppenen aval Light: inidenl= on He Semoy Tre Seawors am mack. cup dp milion ch handidtors @avn dj} Which store Hucata Yor One ov move pire . Asthe Vighl hile the fervor 11 @ Converted info &s . Ss vr amount: 4 diary WD Teeoydaol Gr ecuch |Ond pinel in oligital down - FTypicol mee 640 AAD Blova end tnoluhon in moa) reo ceurwacs [1.6 x 1a pines — Tinfoble Scanned with CamScanner | 1600 X% \Qoo pind - Imagen dalan wilh righ * coolut hi, ~3| Gu Lights intone ly id tusned” obo & Vol egs andl thu Volt age. sx Caplured © dlagitsedl - | xohy park 7 | Brignter lighls produate. higher VOHege & Lights produrs, bower YO Hager ¢ al BANG 0u. to rearing, ‘uc tnres lars 10 Dighal_fom i) Hethod L afte higheol cual Comuas ure fiver Seperate Beran, €xth with Uijetenk Filtov ows tt - Light oo cdiweted Yo the clitbenent Sersors by placing. ubeam spliller fy the Comore. Fech Sewor gus an idenhcol Lode eh the Ica, bull fecause. ch tha, PIONS %h Bllors, Hoy onl. Teponad is ore Us He. Prima, Colors Bavant > (amiha eeords ath the thnen ors ab Lac pivel locapm- Scanned with CamScanner DO isadvent caer Buwey ened onpensive . oo - Q Rola 4 Sonera aed, lun. anel re giltors ia font a Sirgee Semor. : 4| Tha Method cso prauicus idtesmaton ebouk alk thy Vrouw Colom | ot each pirtel Locadon - -slHene beth tee Cormeta cided tu turgel” ob the phsto must veray Stdtienany Jor all the three recclings — Lis o> nul practical - Method 3 a secoted the lp mone evonoinical ond rach! oe Yoryen. primenuy. (lors Grom a sings image bo permanay floc led over a rsd Photwste+ yg Ve pro um a loskig. ath Hiner pinels we the meigabourhood a a SV ad raking an edlucali jus wo laos ‘inteaplation: bk Scanned with CamScanner -Almage. makherna bcolly rreprenen test an # Un) = 9 (manyndy): : | by ond by oor. Positive seh | tomar | <3 Loe th Sumpling. Puniod along % mn amis PE AW atoel ‘hol: along. aaa be Ay. Dre Sampled Image Yam) = §(maxN4¥y)-—2. Whune mand n Ate infequs « On ack Dap one. Sampling. In} nlorvale » Moe haw, Hine dongin bo rey domain. ‘tales popurio Hum tom Fla= J), $0) eet at) Scanned with CamScanner Qen Ad foudia anal © diven by; F (21,00) \j go) SO BES orn oye ~20 Vs On taking inverse Ae ie ssh Joo") els | | ¥r (ay 29) e ala a-S 4m 70-8 When we peso Sampling. 4 analog. sign 9 oyy)- The: Values ome Spedted only ol: gpecitic inst. Plaking. Inverse, fourier hrarotorm dy ths. Suroplect signal WML aw Nay 9 (ow) =1.,) | Trlanade pa * dayclte. -0 -b —& AW dK =, doy is ureli SGnal - LAY = Wr, \ Lchene, 60, and cor ar. Unpuemed 1) Radiars Scanned with CamScanner Wi le g E atin Q iQ olf- = ols lll 3 Subshitatz there. equation in qual nara &) A ; 2 (min) al fr 1 se aay j cee Bn. A Ot : Wl 607 uaa = uf ees *(% ou) m8 € avi | ait yt OM | The Signal cron) i dintrekised 2 Ts evelunals toe Sput Hu ap imoge. 10 bo ky Squan A axon Sf An along KO And Kr SyUarer 4 are. 4nt aly, Yan» -Larth, Spasng {Ihe Yarne cf, 3, orwh Cor. Lp given by, f+ OMS ME WHIT, and “A+ kr, ers T+ amt AMI, and dtke a aTke “4 ~ » dood dma e/) J xi - je. rgae liad Scanned with CamScanner | 4 Vy aycles to change Vu. ami d inleara, 0 us tv Isemove The. clependane 4 Lamils of (nfegrabion an ky and tn boy W replaced by. wo - OK, and Cor & Vqpleuced by 01-2 he Ry = - j(9-AITk)a myst {1 AM War ankyY) i lds al Vy Ke ren , 34 ‘xe * * J(mr-aukon ; : e do, dow on vo ES. Fie -aTKy acai. ee | \ a OMY Ky te On) ay Tt . j -jankim Jaki oan, gan é award Or: \ { ql 200) Lf 28 flaca wxrae| ORD et Fee DY) By eH ~ \ 1 : win On . é 2 clu dor. The ubow, egtn repr eneols inverse. Jour hrarsjom AWW - Tu. alow sum pled signal can be, cusheiued by rallye anaes argviad imoye. $ oy wd th & Ap-lomb Tats tomb -[Link]-") uncon - Scanned with CamScanner y — Soro Cosson ap = Ss 2 ff (w— Kran sy keagl). Iso Ke 4p /Cne 8 toneb Gureion ip a yectangulor grid paints and w shown abon. >| The Spacy blu Seiceusine, Gridl pal bx and. dinecion one an and Dy Reopectiv I) Avo, madpyjog an analog Inoge. to ith. QD Foro JUNcHon ue gel ctencreli Guretion aralog ia J Gam) = 3 004) x Comb (4) SAY) ~ FY) Ss FOr y-heag) key Ke Shbhin, prep 2 z a £ (10%, dy) S (rhea, 4 heb) Scanned with CamScanner |- Wwe Know hat- ConvAdhan iy Spatial. elomuin = Jpuinprcabion Un Yrepuaar clomain ancl Visor y Tor analysing. in Twequengt domain aks He four a fransborm Q, input analog. ima and ap comb Dwr Qovug) —ET 5 Flo, Comb (at. somag) ET, lore A, 20), Co mbol Uy 85 —— Baby 2) 3 as (Mick ok), = 4,08 (rr 2 by): — Now the Spectra ¢, formb Juncko UW convolved ; ee Lolth ae Spehun ch analeg- image jesnich giver by, F (1, © y= F(t4U)®O Lomb), S lu - 2 F (Ry 2) Ob ntsc (uy £ ed) pe ar DS £ Ser * only 4 F (ik eo 45 bz, 4) 41 AS summon W a linear Ypeatr we con td he Ordls 4, Sunmah oo. : ~ky Ql te 2B re “Higbee ee Y fee i) Scanned with CamScanner “Propony Impalse dunction~ 0910 9 (im) 2 1 427 [arg P od, | nog 4 d Graken qwonble Yguatin Rehieving |e Jum the. Somple— U : naka) dleroain Keds be perro —4 Sampling. in 5 Spectsum in prquany clomain- Inovoloy ho Verity ongimak Iraq won ; the Sampled. specthrure the JoUiowing- Loncliiow Rowe fy be Satisheel - bias ROW, © Cohom. uss Ga: ech Duo = bandoviclte a eT jn dy Ai reckon. Similarly Wy Zawp- —D there Oys. = H and BoIqo7 RO oh speceura in thy We hivedhin- Suakinn O €O_ implioe thot: the Sampling. freq ver, shoud Scanned with CamScanner be — gueacl than -looice the “Marna nga Teepuen fohidn generally termed te “Sampling theerer . Hob. DWyp And. By Cre Called “Ny quist- alt’, w . . OD sampling theorem Slatin thal’ @ band Kmiteol age 1 the Sampler ane 4 and taith Spacing on Ay * prow n ov eer ‘[wice $Ouy) cun be reprenent eal bya se ef, Samples , jake uniformly, on a rectany wax cud the Sarmpling volt tre band width ou. greater thai | wb = Das ls (Povoisputtum $msg QO ye omploysd jinurcler by crattl the, clesired speotane > \A WPF normally. The Teus}or junch' 1 0§ Ler 2 given: H{UW1, u) Scanned with CamScanner a H (Wj) = | am’ (vor, 9) € region 4, SuPpaty O 2 dthemoise - od ned ‘worn Yhe Sampled The lankinuowy Vroge. can be. cblei specter with LPF - Speekum by rout tha, Sampled Eon od = Howe F209). fy Taking, Fourier frase 1 eget continew? image eas Fug) = FPG wo), © Saropling Theavem can also be Goted dal eh he | band Wwniteal image sampled abowe tls Wand y Nyqwit yal then the OB! Ae Samples ooithoud” dlistorian by, veing an icteal LPF wile o-pproprioli gow anc Wh Ab ‘beepiuenuy - Violatim 4, Sampling, Gaitenon- e—rrzo —4+| Violation df Sampling. enter, leds bo OO raf imoye. canbe. recormnucted Son 5 Aliasirg bo cade4 Ont hue, bo Under —Seumpling . >| Volusion 4 Sorpling, Citona given 40 Gm0 | cade fy overlapping 4 thee Spaniard Meo cthrechon Conde sah wydi de Wag QDa Voy, |Simallancom viladio 4 th. sample aileron Syn QO Scanned with CamScanner leads by Hoe overlapping, dy the eclsum Vn bay, The \ and cox, clivechons - (a im = Wy. eye Wass Qu»uy HOY| Red (Foonm)» Green (S46-1Am) and we (438° nm), VAC ~ Soom -) TY 3p Cre caer eye” [Primang, tolers ~ Red, Green He > Seeonclony dors - At B = Cyan , aa ae entha ~ Cyn + Nesostes (U - Mogentha — Y a bry — % B- Scanned with CamScanner -t/Appliculion 4 Adgikve. nutunr 4, Light Color - K iloy TV a Rud 4) oer an Color Mopeis )| Rap Full volor -9 24. bil: RUB color . GG) ~ Cobils edits Abs) a) Crt .[Cyor , Hoygntioa , Yeacd] | Hs) [Hus « Sareration -Intenstis) Scanned with CamScanner Problems : t | ) |The image. 3 OLY) = 4 os (aT (out D) i bo be sampled uch thab- ov Con: Yeon buck the image, luom: ib Bamplen vaithoul enor, Sugged: a. Bamphing, Bune . = soln} Given Sony) = A 0s fon taney). toke. fou 6905 % [2 2°) : *-Vouy)= y [ern wa oxy) yak, =2 en ant) aint (aan). Applyi mre fauratown | dork on | Flovtod= af | eet lanty) orn os. —o Oe (ian a+) pa wary 6 5-8) OD _FF_, of (Wr-2 , Oe )- lo a S (ray @rtl) ir Hdsy, i {OW ET, F (vo wy-a]e (1-99 2+) Scanned with CamScanner . (Shon. » W;taA=0- wotgeeQe.-. Manimum “reg uenuy. along hovgonto) aireation ng + thal culong Vertical clixeehion to 4. Wap =Q And Oyo = = By Ny quis untununs bors = . Ax . Lo ~ 9 Cdys 2 Wo. To avid Aliasing . tous a . t54. 5 On ; — on witl-asg + F (w= 1a 2m (aloes a) olan an sre hasn), jon by the. QD Junction . an image. D giv $54) saws (at (44699) - Bugg a Suitable Sampling Sth ene. % (yg) = Os(an cant6y) 8 [e Jat Lanteg) pamtlants a) Q& Scanned with CamScanner i gal (4t8y) | eo ern 8 lorty ook Jat +b sjs™M -j1gw vat [amtby) Siam sJiaey ——6. OD als 8 (W174, 028) : ®5 _ET, “g (tor¥4 10246) qouy) 2 OFT le (wy—4-1U02-6)+ gl y+ 4,046) parone 7 Wt4=-y To avid alraring » Cor b= — Dis > 2Ww . tgs bang DOR Was>'S On< Ye ALy ANLONAS - _ ys 22M PAX 2 by 2) - a” bys ha. a Mo dy 20-0889 “The Samphinge Spedrum- Scanned with CamScanner Choose ARs O12, Ay = 0 OF (xg He = 33 ola Woug2 te = I¢iag . ys so $:QG Th. Sampled, spechum:, Fe (01, 00 = fo reo 43 F Lsu-E oigxo-vt? 4 neog ££ [io (Or 4-essr ang vat ay 1 LE efile ream Ho e a) + f (Wy t4—-F- OP, too? Scanned with CamScanner

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