Numerical (Second Law of Thermodynamics)

[Link] efficiency of Carnot engine operating between steam point and ice point is…………
a. 26.8%
b. 50%
c. 73.2%
d. 100%

2. An ideal refrigerator is working between 0 deg * C and 127 deg * C The coefficient of
performance is…………

a. 3.25
b. 2.85
c. 2.15
d. 1

3. What is the efficiency of a carnot engine working between steam point and ice point?

a. 27%
b. 37%
c. 50%
d. 75%

4. The given figure represents the block diagram of a heat engine. What is the
efficiency of this engine?

a. 25%
b. 50%
c. 60%
d. 75%
5. An ideal heat engine working between temperatures T1 and T2 has
efficiency η. If both the temperatures are raised by 50 K each, the new efficiency of engine will
be
a. η
b. more than η
c. less than η
d. depends upon the nature of working substances

6. When the door of a refrigerator is left open in a room, the temperature of the room
a. Increases
b. Decreases
c. Remains same decreases
d. First increases, then decreases

7. An ideal refrigerator is working between 0° C and 127° C. The coefficient of performance is

…………..

a. 1
b. 2.15
 c. 2.85
d. 3.15

8. A Camot engine is working between 300 K and 600 K has output 200 J. What is the energy
supplied to the engine?

a. 400 J
b. 800 J
c. 1200 J
d. 1600 J

9. 2080 Set R [Link]. 5 What is the significance of the clausius statement of the second law of
thermodynamics?

a. Defines the maximum theoretical efficiency of a heat engine.

b. States that heat cannot spontaneously flow from a colder object to a hotter object.
c. Describes the relationship between entropy and the reversibility of a process.
d. Describes the direction of spontaneous change in an isolated system.

10. The efficiency of a carnot engine working between steam point and ice point is about.
a. 56.8%
b. 44.8%
c. 26.8%
d. 14.8%

11. The efficiency of camot engine working between 27°C and 127°C is

a. 50%
b. 100%
c. 25%
d. 75%

12. The maximum efficiency of an engine operating between 30°C and 300°C is,
a. 4.71%
b. 47%
c. 90%
d. 9%

13. A carmot cycle includes ……….

a. Two isothermal and Two adiabatic processes.

b. Two isothermal and Two isobaric processes
c. Two isothermal processes.
d. Two adiabatic processes.

14. The refrigerator and heat pump work on which principle.

a. First law of thermodynamics

b. Second law of thermodynamics
c. Third law of thermodynamics
 d. Zeroth law of thermodynamics

15. The law of Kelvin planck statement about the

a. Conservation of energy
b. Conservation of heat
c. Conservation of work
d. Conservation of heat into work
[Link] to kelvin planck statement of 2nd law of thermodynamics.

a. It is impossible to construct an engine working on a cyclic process whose main

purpose is to convert heat energy into the work
b. It is possible to construct an engine working on a cyclic process whose sole purpose
is to convert heat into work
c. Both of the above
d. None of the above

17. A Carnot engine takes 2000 J of heat from a reservoir at 500 K, does some work and
discards some heat to the reservoir at 273 K. The work done by the engine is

a. 980 J
b. 908 J
c. 2000 J
d. 1000 J

18. The efficiency of a Carnot engine is 1/5 On reducing the temperature of sink by 45 deg * C
efficiency becomes 1/3 The Initial temperature of the sink was
a. 270 K
b. 310 K
c. 337 K
d. 540 K

19. The efficiency of a carnot engine is 20%. On reducing the temperature of sink by 45 deg * C
efficiency becomes 33.3%. The initial temperature of the sink was
a. 270 K
b. 310 K
c. 337 K
d. 540 K

20. Ina Camot's engine, the temperature of the heat sink is 27 deg * C and that of the source is
327 deg * C The efficiency of the engine is
a. 50%
b. 70%
c. 91%
d. 95%
21. Efficiency of Camot engine working between 27 deg * C and 127 deg C is

a. 50%
b. 100%
c. 25%
d. 75%
22. A Camot engine takes in 3000 kcal of heat form a reservoir at 627 deg C and gives it to a
sink at 27 deg * C The work done by the engine is

a. 4.2 * 10 ^ 6 * J
b. 8.4 * 10 ^ 8 * J
c. 16.8 * 10 ^ 6 * J
d. 0
1. A Carnot's engine has 25% efficiency with a sink at 9 deg * C By how many degrees should
the temperature of the source be increased in order to raise the efficiency to 50%?

Ans: 188 K

2. For a carnot ideal engine, temperature of sink is at temperature 27 deg * C and source is at
temperature 127 deg * C Calculate its efficiency.

Ans: 25%

3. A refrigerator has a coefficient of performance of 1.95. In each cycle, it absorbs 3 * 10 ^ 4 * J

of heat from a cold reservoir. How much heat is discarded to the high temperature during each
cycle?

Ans: 4.5 * 10 ^ 4 * J

4. Two carnot engines A & B have their sources at 400 K and 350 K, and sinks at 350 K and
300K respectively. Which engine is more efficient and by how much?

Ans: B is more efficient then A by 1.78%

5. A carnot engine takes 4.2 * 10 ^ 6 * J of heat from reservoir at 627 deg * C and performs
external work. The remaining energy is rejected into a sink at 27 deg * C What is the efficiency?
How much work does it perform?

Ans: 2.8 ×10 ^ 6 J

6. A Carnot engine working between 300 K and 600 K has a work output of 800 J per cycle.
What is the amount of heat energy supplied to the engine from source per cycle?

Ans: 1600 J/cycle

7. A carnot engine takes 103 calories of heat from a reservoir at 227°C and rejects heat to a
reservoir at 27°C. How much work is done by it?

Ans: 1680 J

8. A diesel engine performs 2500 J mechanical work and discards 4000 J of heat each cycle i.
How much heat must be supplied by the more sw Cycle?
[Link] is the thermal efficiency of the engine?

Ans: 6500 J, 38.46%

9. The efficiency of the Carnot cycle is 15%. If we reduce the temperature of the sink by 65 ℃,
the efficiency becomes double, find the temperature of source and sink.

Ans: 433.33K, 36833K

10. A Carnot engine has 40% efficiency with a sink at 10°C. By how many degrees should the
temperature of the source be increased in order to raise the efficiency to 65%?

Ans: 63.57℃

11. A Camot engine has 50% efficiency with a sink at 9°C. By how many degrees should the
temperature of the source be increased in order to raise the efficiency to 70%?

Ans: 376 K

12. An ideal heat engine operates between two reservoirs at two temperatures. In order to
achieve 30% efficiency when the temperature of the sink is 50°C, what should be the
temperature of the source?

Ans: 461.43 K

13. The source reservoir of a Carnot engine Is at a temperature of 400 K and takes 400 J of
heat and rejects 20 J of heat to the sink reservoir in each cycle. What is the efficiency of the
engine and the temperature of the sink?

Ane 20 K

14. A Carnot's engine has 25% efficiency with a sink at 9°c. By how many degrees should the
temperature of the source be increased in order to raise the efficiency to 70%?

Ans: 564 K

15. A diesel engine performs 2200 J of mechanical work and discards 4300 J of heat each
cycle.
(i) How much heat must be supplied to the engine in each cycle?
(ii) What is the thermal efficiency of the engine?

Ans: 6500 J, 33.85%

16. What will be the thermal efficiency of an engine if it takes 8 kJ heat from the source and
rejects 6 kJ to the sink in one cycle?

Ans: 25%

17. A Camot engine works between the source and the sink with efficiency 40%. How much
temperature of the sink be lowered keeping the source temperature constant so that its
efficiency increases by 10%? [4]

Ans: 30 K

18. A Carnot engine works between the source and the sink with 25% efficiency. How much
temperature of the sink be raised keeping the sink at the same constant temperature at 27°C so
that the efficiency is increased by 15°C?

Ans:100K

19. The efficiency of a Carnot cycle is 15%. If on reducing the temperature of the sink
by 65 deg * C the efficiency becomes 30%, find the initial and final temperatures between which
the cycle is working.

Ans: 433.33 K, 368.13 K

20. A petrol engine consumes 25kg of petrol per hour. The calorific value of petrol is 11.4 x106
cal/kg. The power of the engine is 99.75kW. Calculate the efficiency of the engine.

Ans: 30%

21. A Carnot Engine works between 800 and 400 deg C. If it is possible either to increase the
source temperature by 50 deg * C or to decrease the sink temperature by 50 deg * C which of
these actions will be causing more increase in efficiency? Justify your answer.

Ans: To decrease the sink by 50 deg * C because efficiency is more, η on increasing

temperature of source is 40% while decreasing is 42%

22. A carnot engine absorbs heat from a reservoir at the temperature 127 deg * c If the engine
absorbs 1000 calories of heat from the high temperature reservoir, find the work done and the
efficiency.

Ans: 1333.5J

23. A petrol engine consumes 10 kg of petrol in one hour. The calorific value of petrol is
11.4×10^3 cal/gm. The power of the engine is 20 kW. Calculate the efficiency of the engine.

Ans: 15%
24. A carnot engine whose low temperature reservoir is at 27 ℃ has an efficiency of 25%. In
order to increase the efficiency to 50%, how much the temperature of the high temperature
reservoir will increase, if the temperature of the low temperature reservoir remains constant.

Ans: 200 K

25. A petrol engine consumes 5 kg of petrol per hour. If the power of engine is 20 kW and the
calorific value of petrol is 11 * 10 ^ 3 cal per kg Calculate the efficiency of the engine.

Ans: 31.15%
Refrigerator
1. A refrigerator removes 1500 J of heat from a cold space and rejects 2000 J to the
surroundings. Find the work done and COP. [500J, 3]
2. An ideal refrigerator operates between a cold space at 270 K and a hot reservoir at 300
K. What is the maximum COP? If 200 calories work is done on the refrigerator, how
much heat it discards to the surroundings? [9, 2000 cal]
3. A refrigerator working between 250 K and 300 K removes 600 J of heat from the cold
space. What is the minimum work input required? [5, 120 J]
4. If the COP of a refrigerator is 5 and it rejects 1500 J of heat to the surroundings, how
much work does it consume? [250 J]
5. An ideal refrigerator operates between 280 K and 310 K. If it requires 100 J of work
input, how much heat does it extract from the cold reservoir?[933 J]
6. A household refrigerator has a coefficient of performance of 6.0. If the room
temperature outside the refrigerator is 30℃. What is the lowest temperature then can
be obtained inside the refrigerator? [-13.28℃]
7. In a refrigerator, heat from inside at 277 K is transferred to a room at a 300K. How many
joules heat shall be delivered to then room for each joule of electrical energy consumed
inside refrigerator? [13.04 J]
8. Refrigerator A works between -10℃ and 27℃ while refrigerator B works between -27℃
and 17℃ both removing heat equal to 2000 J from the from the refrigerator which of
the two is the better refrigerator? [Ref. A]
9. How much energy in watthour may be required to convert 2 kg of water into ice at 0℃,
assuming that the refrigerator is ideal. Given, temperature of refrigerator is -15℃, room
temperature is 25℃ and initial temperature of water is 25℃. [39.96Whr]
10. A refrigerator is driven by a 1000 watts electric motor having efficiency of 60%. The
refrigerator can be treated as a reversible engine operating between 0℃ and 30℃.
Calculate the time required by it to freeze 32.5 kg of water which is at 0℃. Heat losses
may be neglected. Latent heat of fusion of ice=80000 cal/kg and J=4.2 J/cal. [33min 20
sec]

1. Which of the transverse wave?

a. Sound wave in air

b. Waves inside the water

c. Wave produced in the ster

d. Wave produced in the stre

2. 2081 GIE Set A [Link].

water which remains constar

a. wavelength

c. velocity

3. 2081 Set B/C [Link]. W consecutive particles in phase?