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Cross Matching

The document outlines the process and importance of cross-matching in blood transfusions, highlighting its role in ensuring compatibility between donor and recipient blood. It details the types of cross-match tests, including major and minor tests, and describes the methodology for conducting these tests. Additionally, it introduces the gel card method for cross-matching and emphasizes the interpretation of results based on hemolysis or agglutination.

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Rajiv Kumar Singh
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2 views16 pages

Cross Matching

The document outlines the process and importance of cross-matching in blood transfusions, highlighting its role in ensuring compatibility between donor and recipient blood. It details the types of cross-match tests, including major and minor tests, and describes the methodology for conducting these tests. Additionally, it introduces the gel card method for cross-matching and emphasizes the interpretation of results based on hemolysis or agglutination.

Uploaded by

Rajiv Kumar Singh
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

CROSS MATCHING

DR RAJIV KUMAR JR 2
CHIRAYU MEDICAL COLLEGE
INTRODUCTION
vA cross-match is only a part of a compatibility.

vCompatibility testing consists of the following:


§ Review of patient’s past blood bank history and records.
§ ABO and Rh typing of recipient & donor
§ Antibody screening of recipient’s and donor’s serum.
§ Cross match

vThe cross match is carried out to ensure that there are no antibodies
present in patient’s serum that will react with donor cells when transfused.
v Two main functions of cross match test are:-

§ It is the final check of ABO compatibility between the donor and patient.

§ It may detect the presence of an antibody in the patient’s serum which will
react with an antigen on donor red cells.
TYPES
vHistorically cross match testing procedures have been divided into 2
parts:

§ Major cross match test


consists of mixing donor’s red cells with recipient’s (patient’s)
serum/plasma.

§ Minor cross match test


consists of mixing patient’s cells with donor’s plasma.
PRINCIPLE
§ The major cross match is used to detect unexpected blood group
antibodies in patient’s serum against antigens on donor cells.

§ Positive reaction in any test indicates incompatibility.


METHOD
§ Put 2 drops of patient’s serum in a pre-labelled test tube.

§ Add 1 drop of 2-4% suspension of donor red cells.

§ Mix the contents and incubate for 5-10 minutes for immediate spin method
or for 45-60 minutes for saline room temperature technique.

§ Centrifuge the tubes at 1000 rpm for 1 min (immediate spin method). In
case of saline room temperature technique, centrifugation is optional.
§ Examine the tubes for hemolysis or agglutination.

§ If hemolysis or agglutination is present at this stage, the cross match is


incompatible.

§ If negative i.e no hemolysis or agglutination wash the cells 3 to 4 times


with saline and decant the last wash completely. Add one drop of AHG
reagent.

§ Centrifuge the tubes at 1000 rpm for 1 min and look for hemolysis or
agglutination with optical aid.

§ Record the results.


INTERPRETATION

§ Hemolysis or agglutination in any test indicates incompatibility.

§ Absence of hemolysis/agglutination in all test indicates compatibility.


• [Link]
GEL CARD METHOD
PRINCIPLE

§ As the matrix gel card containing red blood cells is centrifuged under
specific conditions, the red blood cells sensitized with antibody will
agglutinate in the presence of the Anti-Human Globulin reagent in the gel
matrix and will be trapped in the gel column.
§ The red blood cells, which do not react are not trapped in the gel matrix
and are pelleted at the bottom of the column.
§ The reactions are then read and graded according to their reactivity pattern.
GEL CARD LISS DILUENT
GEL CARD CENTIFUGATION MACHINE
REFERENCES

§MAKROO, 2ND EDITION

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