IIT JEE 2021– Mathematics syllabus

Mathematics Syllabus
Algebra:
Algebra of complex numbers, addition, multiplication, conjugation, polar representation, properties of
modulus and principal argument, triangle inequality, cube roots of unity, geometric interpretations.
Quadratic equations with real coefficients, relations between roots and coefficients, formation of
quadratic equations with given roots, symmetric functions of roots.
Arithmetic, geometric and harmonic progressions, arithmetic, geometric and harmonic means, sums
of finite arithmetic and geometric progressions, infinite geometric series, sums of squares and cubes
of the first n natural numbers.
Logarithms and their properties.
Permutations and combinations, Binomial theorem for a positive integral index, properties of
binomial coefficients.
Matrices as a rectangular array of real numbers, equality of matrices, addition, multiplication by a
scalar and product of matrices, transpose of a matrix, determinant of a square matrix of order up to
three, inverse of a square matrix of order up to three, properties of these matrix operations, diagonal,
symmetric and skew-symmetric matrices and their properties, solutions of simultaneous linear
equations in two or three variables. . C IR C
I
Addition and multiplication rules of probability,
. I .T LE
R conditional probability, Bayes Theorem,
TOWA DS C
independence of events, computation of probability
N of events using permutations and combinations.
O
REV UTIO

MP
ETITION
OL

Trigonometry:
Trigonometric functions, their periodicity and graphs, addition and subtraction formulae, formulae
involving multiple and sub-multiple angles, general solution of trigonometric equations.
Relations between sides and angles of a triangle, sine rule, cosine rule, half-angle formula and the
area of a triangle, inverse trigonometric functions (principal value only).

Analytical geometry:
Two dimensions:
Cartesian coordinates, distance between two points, section formulae, shift of origin.
Equation of a straight line in various forms, angle between two lines, distance of a point from a line;
Lines through the point of intersection of two given lines, equation of the bisector of the angle between
two lines, concurrency of lines; Centroid, orthocentre, incentre and circumcentre of a triangle.
Equation of a circle in various forms, equations of tangent, normal and chord.
Parametric equations of a circle, intersection of a circle with a straight line or a circle, equation of a
circle through the points of intersection of two circles and those of a circle and a straight line.
Equations of a parabola, ellipse and hyperbola in standard form, their foci, directrices and
eccentricity, parametric equations, equations of tangent and normal.

Locus Problems.
Three dimensions:
Direction cosines and direction ratios, equation of a straight line in space, equation of a plane,
distance of a point from a plane.

I.I.T. CIRCLE, Dhanbad PH : 9431502119 01

 Differential calculus:
Real valued functions of a real variable, into, onto and one-to-one functions, sum, difference, product
and quotient of two functions, composite functions, absolute value, polynomial, rational,
trigonometric, exponential and logarithmic functions.
Limit and continuity of a function, limit and continuity of the sum, difference, product and quotient of
two functions, L'Hospital rule of evaluation of limits of functions.
Even and odd functions, inverse of a function, continuity of composite functions, intermediate value
property of continuous functions.

y
Derivative of a function, derivative of the sum,

ar
difference, product and quotient of two functions, chain rule, derivatives of polynomial, rational,
trigonometric, inverse trigonometric, exponential and logarithmic functions.
Derivatives of implicit functions, derivatives up to order two, geometrical interpretation of the

iw
derivative, tangents and normals, increasing and decreasing functions, maximum and minimum
values of a function, Rolle's Theorem and Lagrange's Mean Value Theorem.

Integral calculus: .T
Integration as the inverse process of differentiation, indefinite integrals of standard functions, definite
integrals and their properties, Fundamental Theorem of Integral Calculus.
Kr
Integration by parts, integration by the methods of substitution and partial fractions, application of
definite integrals to the determination of areas involving simple curves.
Formation of ordinary differential equations, solution of homogeneous differential equations,
separation of variables method, linear first order differential equations.
oj

Vectors:
an

Addition of vectors, scalar multiplication, dot and cross products, scalar triple products and their
geometrical interpretations.
:M
By

I.I.T. CIRCLE, Dhanbad PH : 9431502119 02

 W.B. IIT JEE 2021 – Mathematics syllabus
Mathematics Syllabus
Algebra : A.P., G.P., H.P. : Definitions of A.P. and G.P.; General term; Summation of first n-terms; A.M.
and G.M.; Definitions of H.P. (only 3 terms) and H.M.; Finite arithmetic-geometric series.
Logarithms Definition; General properties; Change of base.
Complex number : Definition and properties of complex numbers; complex conjugate; Triangle
inequality; Square root of complex number; Cube roots of unity; DMoivres theorem (statement only)
and its elementary applications.
Quadratic Equation : Quadratic equations with real coefficients; Relations between roots and
coefficients; Nature of roots; Formation of a quadratic equation, sign and magnitude of the quadratic
expression ax2+ bx + c (a, b, c are rational numbers)
Permutation and Combination : Permutation of n different things taken r at a time (r n). Permutation
of n things not all different. Permutation with repetitions (circular permutation excluded).
Combinations of n different things taken r at a time (r n) . Combination of n things not all different.
Basic properties. Problems involving both permutations and combinations.
Principle of mathematical induction : Statement o the principal. Proof by induction for the sum of
squares, sum of cubes of first n natural numbers, divisibility properties like 22 n - 1 is divisible by 3
(n1), 7 divides 32 n + 1 + 2n + 2 (n 1)
T. CIRC
Binomial Theorem (positive integral index) [Link]
A RDS
LofE the theorem, general term, middle term,
W
TO
equidistant terms, properties of binomial co-efficients. Infinite
C series Binomial theorem for negative
N
and fractional index. Infinite G.P. series, Exponential and Logarithmic series with range of validity
O
REV UTIO

MP

(statement only), simple applications.

ETITION
OL

Matrices : Concepts of n mW (m 3, n 3) matrices, operations of addition, scalar multiplication and

multiplication of matrices. Transpose of matrix. Determinant of a square matrix. Properties of
determinants (statement only). Minor, Cofactor and adjoint of a matrix. Nonsingular matrix. Inverse
of matrix. Finding area of a triangle. Solutions of system of linear equations. (Not more then 3
variables)
Sets, Relation and Mapping idea of sets, subsets, power set, complement, union, intersection and
difference of sets, Venn diagram, De Morgans Laws, Inclusion / Exclusion formula for two or three
finite sets, Cartesian product of sets. Relation and its properties. Equivalence relation definition and
elementary examples, mappings, range and domain, injective, surjective and bijective mappings,
composition of mappings, inverse of a mapping.
Probability Classical definition, addition rule, conditional probability and Bayes theorem,
independence, multiplication rules Trigonometry Trigonometric rations, compound angles, multiple
and submultiple angles, general solution of trigonometric equations. Properties of triangles, inverse
trigonometric functions. Co-ordinate geometry of two dimensions basic ideas : Distance formula,
section formula, area of a triangle, conditions of collinearity of three points in a plane. Polar
coordinates, transformation from Cartesian to polar coordinates and vice-versa. Parallels
transformation of axes, concept of locus, elementary locus problems.
Straight Line : Slope of a line. Equation of lines in different forms, angle between two lines. Condition
of perpendicularity and parallelism of two lines. Distance of a point from a line. distance between two
parallel lines. Lines through the pont of intersection of two lines.
Circle : Equation of a circle with a given center and radius. Condition that a general equation of
second degree in x, y may represent a circle. Equation of a circle in terms of endpoints of a diameter.
Parametric equation of a circle intersection of a line with a circle. Equation of common chord of two
intersecting circles.

I.I.T. CIRCLE, Dhanbad PH : 9431502119 03

Conics : Definition, Directrix, Focus and Eccentricity, classification based on eccentricity.
2 2
Parabola : Standard equation. Reduction of the form x = ay + by + c or y = ax + bx + c to the standard
from y2 = 4ax or x2 = 4y respectively. Elementary properties and parametric equation of a parabola.
Ellipse and Hyperbola : Reduction to standard form of general equation of second degree when xy
term is absent. Conjugate hyperbola. Simple properties. Parametric equations. Location of a point
with respect to a conic.
Differential calculus : Functions, composition of two functions and inverse of a function, limit,
continuity, derivative, chain rule, derivatives of implicit functions and of functions defined
parametrically. Rolles Theorem and Lagranges Mean Value theorem (statement only). Their

y
geometric interpretation and elementary application. L-Hospitals rule (statement only) and
applications. Second order derivative.

ar
Integral Calculus : Integration as a reverse process of differentiation, indefinite integral of standard
functions. Integration by parts. Integration by substitution and partial fraction. Definite integral as a
limit of a sum with equal subdivisions. Fundamental theorem of integral calculus and its application.

iw
Properties of definite integrals.
Differential Equations :Formulation and solution of differential equation of the forms.
1. dy / dx = (x) . g (y)
2.
3.
4.
dy / dx = (y / x)
dy / dx = (ax + by) / (cx + dy) .T
dy / dx = (a1x + b1y + c1) / (a2x + b2y + c2) / ((a1 / a2 = b1 / b2)
Kr
5. dy / dx + p(x)y = Q(x)
7. d2y / dx2 + p1dy / dx + p2y = 0 with p1 and p2 constants.
8. d2y / dx2 = (x)
Application of calculus : Tangents and normals, conditions of tangency. Determination of
oj

monotonicity, maxima and minima. Differential coefficient as a measure of rate. Motion in a straight
line with constant acceleration. Geometric interpretation of definite integral as area, calculation of
area bounded by elementary curves and straight lines. Area of the region included between two
elementary curves.
an
:M
By

I.I.T. CIRCLE, Dhanbad PH : 9431502119 04

1. Definition : Function is a rule (or correspondence), from a non empty set A to a non empty B,
that associates each member of A to a unique member of B. Symbolically, we write f : A ® B.
we read it as f is a function from A to B

2. Definition : A function is defined only when each input have a unique output.
Here input is said to be the domain of the function and output is said to be the range
of the function.
f
>
Function is defined A B
Domain = {a, b, c, d } = A a 15
Range = {15, 30, 40, 45} b 30
Co-domain = B = {15, 30, 40, 45, 60 } c 40
f d 45
> 60
A B
a 25
b 30
c 40
d
45
e T. CIRCLE
I .I . R
60
T OWA DS
C ‘e’ has no output.
Function is not definedN because input
O
REV UTIO

MP

f
ETITION
OL

>
A B
a 25
b 30
c 40
45

Function f is not defined because ‘a’ has two different output

Type of mapping

There are two types of mapping

(i) one - one mapping
(ii) many - one mapping

(i) one - one mapping : A function f : A ®B is said to be one-one mapping or injective. If different
element of A have different images in B.

Thus no two elements of set A can have the same f images f

>
A B
a 45
b 50
c 55

mapping is one-one

I.I.T. CIRCLE, Dhanbad PH : 9431502119 05

Many one mapping : A mapping f : A ® B is said to be many one mapping, If two or more elements of
set A have the same the image in B.
In other words : f : A ®
B is a many -one mapping if it is not one-one function.
f
>
A B
a 40
b 50
c 60

y
70
many one mapping

ar
Type of one-one mapping and many one mapping
(i) one -one onto mapping (ii) one-one into mapping

iw
Similarly many one mapping are of two types
(i) many - one into mapping (ii) many - one onto mapping
In onto mapping , Range = Co-domain where as in into mapping, Range ¹
co-domain.

A
a
f
>

45
B
.T f
A
a
>
B
45
b 50
Kr
b 50
c 60 c 60
d 70
one-one onto many one into
f
>
A B
oj

a 45
b 60
c 70
an

Many one onto mapping

:M

Nomenclature :
(i) one -one mapping ® Injective mapping
(ii) many one mapping ® not injective
(iii) onto mapping ® surjective mapping
(iv) Into mapping ® not surjective mapping
By

(v) one-one onto ® injective and surjective

(vi) one -one into ® Injective but not surjective
(vii) many one onto ® not injective but surjective
(viii) many one into ® neither injective nor surjective
(ix) Bejective ® injective and surjective both

Number of function :
Let X = {x1, x2, x3,......., xn } (i.e. n elements ) and y = {y1, y2, y3 ,..... ym} (i.e. m elements )

I.I.T. CIRCLE, Dhanbad PH : 9431502119 06

 f: X ®
Y
>

x1 x1
x2 x2
. .
. .
. .
xn xn

(a) Total number of function = mn

m
ì Pn , m ³
n
(b) Total number of one to one function =
í
î0. m < n

ìmn -
m
Cn . n! m ³
n
(c) Total number of many one function = ín
î m m<n
(d) Total number of constant function = m.

(e) Total number of onto function C IR C L

n m )n m
I.T.
n I. m nE
ìm - C1 (m -1 + C2 ( m - 2) - O
CW
3A(m
RDS3)C +
- ........., m <
n
ï T
=í m! N m=n
O
REV UTIO

MP

ï 0 m>0
ETITION

î
OL

(f) Total number of into function

m
ì 1 )n -
C1 (m - m
2)n +
C2 ( m - m
3)n -
C 3 (m - ........., m £
n
ï n
=
í m m>n
ï
î

Example : If X = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} and y = {a, b, c, d, e, f} and f : X ®

Y, then find the total number of
(a) function (b) one to one function (c) many one function
(d) constant function (f) Into function

Solution : (a) Total number of function = 65 = 7776.

(b) Total number of one-one function = 6P5 = 720.
5
(c) Total number of many one function = 6 - 6! = 7056
(d) Total number of constant function = 6
(e) Total number of onto function = 0
(f) Total number of into function = 65 = 7776.

Method the Check one-one mapping or many one mapping

?
Step 1: Take two arbitrary elements x, y (say) in the domain

?
Step 2: Put f(x) = f(y)

?
Step 3: Solve f(x) = f(y)

I.I.T. CIRCLE, Dhanbad PH : 9431502119 07

Step-4:If f(x) = f(y) gives only one relation in the given domain then the mapping is said to be one to
one mapping or otherwise many mapping.

Exercise 1 : Find whether the following function are one-one or many one.
3
(i) f: R ® R gives by f(x) = x + 2 for all x ÎR.
2
(ii) f : Z ®Z given by f(x) = x + 2 for all x ÎR.

Ques. (i) f(x) = x3 + 2

f(x) = f(y) Þ x3 + 2 = y3 + 2

y
x=y
\ the mapping is one - to one.

ar
Ques (ii) f(x) = x2 + 2
2 2
f(x) = f(y) Þ x +2=y +2

iw
x=± y
\ the mapping is many one.

Method to check onto mapping or into mapping.

Let F : A ®
B be the given function.
.T
?
Step 1: Choose the arbitrary element y on B.
Kr
?
Step 2: Put y = f(x)
?
Step 3: Solve the equation y = f(x) and obtain x in terms of y . let x = g(y)
?
Step 4: If for all values of y Î
B, the values of x obtained from x = g(y) are in A, then f is onto. If
there are some y Î
B for which x, given by x = g(y) , is not in A. Then f is into mapping.
oj

Example : 3 Discuss the surjectivity of the following function.

(i) f:R® R given by f(x) = x3 + 2 for all x Î
R
2
(ii) f:R® R given by f(x) = x + 2 for all x ÎR
an

3
Solution : (i) f(x) = x + 2
y = x3 + 2
:M

3 1/3
x =y- 2 Þ x=(y- 2)
1/3
for all y Î R then exist x = ( y -
2) is R (domain)

(ii) f(x) = x2 + 2
2
y=x +2
x2 = y - 2 Þ x=(y- 2)1/2
By

for all y Î 2)1/2 not in R (domain)

R then exist x = ( y -
Hence f : R ® R is an into mapping.

N. B. :- If the mapping is bijection then the mapping muct one-one and onto .

Example : 2 Prove that the function f : Q ®

Q given by f(x) = 2x -
3 for all x Î
Q is a bijection.

Solution : Solution : For one - one mapping

I.I.T. CIRCLE, Dhanbad PH : 9431502119 08
 f (x) = 2x -3
f(x) = f(y) Þ 2x -3 = 2y -
3 Þ2x = 2y
x=y \ Mapping is one-one.

For onto mapping

y+ 3
y= 2x - 3 Þ x=
2
y+ 3
for y all y ÎQ, there exist x =Î Q
2
Hence mapping is onto f:Q®
\ Q is a bijective mapping.

GRAPHICAL METHOD
¨If any line which is parallel to y axis cut the curve at only one point then the mapping is
defined.

¨If any line which is parallel to x-axis cut the curve at one point then the mapping is one-one
mapping.
T. CIRCLE
I .I . R
If any line which is parallel to x-axis cut WA DS
¨ TOthe curveC at two or more than two points then the
N
O

mapping is many-one mapping

REV UTIO

MP
ETITION
OL

Example : 1 y

x
0

Function defined and the mapping is many one mapping.

EXERCISE - 1
Question : (i) Classify the mapping f : A ®
B
f
> f
A B >
A B
a 55 a 55
b 60
b 60
(a) c 70 (b)
c 70
d 78
d 80
80
85
f f
> >
A B A B
a 55 a 60
b 60 b 70
(c) c 70 (d)
c 80
d 80 90
d

I.I.T. CIRCLE, Dhanbad PH : 9431502119 09

 f f
> >
A B A B
a a
(e) b 50 (f) b
50
c c
60
d d

y
f
>
A B

ar
a 50
(g) b 60
c 70

iw
d 80

f
>

Question : 2
A
a
b
c
B
60
55
66
.T
70
Kr
d
80

(i) Find the output of a and d.

(ii) Find the image of d.
(iii) Find the preimage of 70 and 55.
oj

(iv) Find the domain of the function.

(v) Find the range of the function.
(vi) Find the co-domain of the function.
an

(vii) Identify the mapping.

Question : 3 R - { 1 } given f (x) = x -

Show that the function f : R - { 3 } ® 2 is a bijective mapping.
x-3
:M

3
Question : 4 Show that the function f : R ®
R given by f(x) = x + x is a bijective mapping

x+
ì 1
ï , if x is odd
Question : 5 Show that the f : N ®
N defined by f (x) =
í2 is may one onto function
x
ï , if x is even
î2
By

2x +
ì 1
ï , if x is odd
Question : 6 R defined by f (x) =
Show that f : R ® 3 is bijection
í
2x -1
ï , if x is even
î 3

x+
ì1, if x is even
Question : 7 Let f : w ®
w be defined by f (x) =
í then show that f is a bijective
x-
î1, if x is odd
I.I.T. CIRCLE, Dhanbad PH : 9431502119 10
 mapping.
2
Question : 8 Let A = {-
1, 0, 1} and f + {(x, x ) : x Î
A} . Show that f : A ®
A is neither one-one nor onto.

Question : 9 Which of the following graphs are the graph of function .

y y

(i) (ii)
x x
0 0

y
y

x
(iii) (iv) 0
x
0
T. CIRCLE
I .I .
WARDS C
TO
N
O
REV UTIO

MP

y y
ETITION
OL

(v) (vi)
x x
0 0

y y

(vii) x (viii) x
0 0

y y

(ix) (x) x
x 0
0

I.I.T. CIRCLE, Dhanbad PH : 9431502119 11

 ANSWER - KEY
1. (a) Function is not defined (b) one-one into
(c) many one into (d) one-one onto
(e) many-one onto (f) many one onto
(g) function is not define.

2. (i) 55, 70 (ii) 70 (iii) d, a (iv) {a, b, c, d}

(v) {60, 55, 66, 70} (vi) {60, 55, 66, 70, 80}

y
(vii) one-one into

ar
9. (i) Not defined (ii) Not a function (iii) Function (iv) Function
(v) Function (vi) Function (vii) Function (viii) Function
(ix) Function (x) Not Function

iw
.T
Kr
oj
an
:M
By

I.I.T. CIRCLE, Dhanbad PH : 9431502119 12

Problems of Inequalities
EXERCISE - 2
1. 2. 6x -
5
(x -
1) (3 -
x) (x -
2) >
0 2
0
<
4x +
1

3.
2x -
3 4.
0.5
0
> 0
<
3x -
7 x2 -
x- 1

5. x2 -5x +
6 6. x2 + 2x -3
2
0
< 2
0
<
x + x+1 x + 1

7. (x -
1)(x + 2)2 8.
x2 +4x +
4
0
< 2
0
>
-1- x 2x - x-1

9. x4 -
5x 2 +
4<
0 10. x4 -
2x 2 -
63 £
0

3 1
11. 1
< 12. 2
£
x- 2 x- 1
4x +
3 5x -6
13. 6
< 14. 1
<
2x -
5 x+ 6
T. CIRCLE
I .I . x-
1
5x +8 WAR16.
DS
15. 0
< TO C 2
>
4- x N x+
3
O
REV UTIO

MP
ETITION

7x -
5 x 1
OL

17. 4
> 18. >
8x +
3 x- 5 2
5x -
1 x-2 1
19. 2
1
< 20. 2
<
-
x +3 x +1 2

21.
x+1 22. x2 -7x +12
1
< 0
>
1)2
(x - 2
2x + 4x +5

x2 + 6x -7 x4 +
x2 +
1
23. 2
£ 24. 2
0
<
2
x + 1 x -4x -
5
1+ 3x 2 1+ x2
25. 0
< 26. 0
<
2x 2 -21x + 40 x2 -5x + 6

x4 +x2 +
1 1- 2x -3x 2
27. 0
> 28. 0
>
2
x - 4x -5 3x -x2 -5

x2 - 5x +7 2x 2 - 3x - 459
29. 0
> 30. 2
1
>
2
2x +
- 3x +2 x + 1
x2 -1 x
31. 1
< 32. 2
0
>
2
x + x+ 1 x -
3x -
4

33. x2 +
7x + 10 34.
3x 2 -4x -
6
0
> 0
<
x+2/3 2x -5
I.I.T. CIRCLE, Dhanbad PH : 9431502119 13
 17 -
15x -2x 2 x2 - 9
35. 0
< 36. 2
0
<
x+ 3 3x - x - 24

x+7 3x +1 1
37. +³ 0 38. 2x 2 + 0
>
x-5 2 x

x2 - x- 6 x2 -5x +
6
39. 0
³ 40. 2
0
<
2
x + 6x x - 11x +
30
x2 -8x +7 x2 -36

y
41. 2
0
< 42. 0
<
4x - 4x +
1 2
x - 9x +18

ar
x2 -6x +9 x-
1
43. 0
³ 44. x
<
5- 4x -x2 x+
1

iw
1 3 14x 9x -
30
45. < 46. - < 0
x+ 2 x- 3 x+1 x-4
5x 2 -2 x2 -5x +
12
1
47.

49.
2
4x -

x2 -
2
x+

3x +
3

24
<

4
<
.T
48.

50.
2
x -
x2 -
1
2x +
5
4x +

3
<
5
3
>

x - 3x +3
Kr
x2 +
1 x2 +
2
51. 2
> 52. 2
2
<
-
4x -
3 x -1
3x -5 1 2x +
3 1
53. 2
> 54. 2
£
x + 4x -5 2 x + x-12 2
oj

2) (x 2 -
(x + 2x +1) 4 2
55. 0
³ 56. +< 1
4+ 3x -x 2 1+ x 1- x
an

2 6 x- 1 x+
1
57. 1 +> 58. -< 2
x- 1 x x x-
1
:M

2(x -
3) 1 2(x - 4) 1
59. £ 60. ³
x(x -
6) x - 1 (x - 1)(x - 7) x - 2
2x 1 1 1 1
61. 2
£ 62. +>
x - 9 x+ 2 x- 2 x- 1 x
7 9 20 10
++ 1>
0
By

63. ++ 1<
0 64.
(x -
2)(x -
3) x - 3 (x -
3)(x -
4) x -4

I.I.T. CIRCLE, Dhanbad PH : 9431502119 14

 ANSWER - KEY

1. (1, 2) È
(2, 3) 2. æ1 5ö
-
ç , ÷
è4 6ø

3. æ 3ö7 ö
æ 4. R
-
ç, ÷
µ Èç,µ
÷
è 2ø3 ø
è

5. (2, 3) 6. (-
3, 1)

7. (-
,-
µ2) È
(-
2, -
1) È
(1, µ
) 8. æ 1ö
(-
,-
µ2) È
-
ç2,-
÷(1, µ
È )
è 2ø
9. (-
2, -
1) È
(1, 2) 10. [-
3, 3]

3 ö
æ
11. (-
, 2) È
µ (5, µ
) 12. (-
, 1) È
µ ç,µ
÷
2 ø
è

13. æ 5ö33 ö
æ 14. (-
6, 3)
-
ç, ÷
µ Èç ,µ
÷
è 2ø8 . C IR C L
è ø
I . I .T E
WARDS C
TO
15. æ 8ö N 16. (-
7, -
3)
O

-
çµ
,-È
÷(4, µ
)
REV UTIO

MP

è 5ø
ETITION
OL

17. æ17 3ö 18. (-

,-
µ5) È
(5, µ
)
-
ç , -÷
è25 8ø
19. (-
, 1) È
µ (4, µ
) 20. (-
3, 1)

21. (-
, 0) È
µ (3, µ
) 22. (-
, 3) È
µ (4, µ
)

23. R 24. (-
1, 5)

5 ö
æ
25. ç, 8÷ 26. (2, 3)
2 ø
è
1 ö
æ
27. (-
,-
µ1) È
(5, µ
) 28. (-
,-
µ1) È
ç,µ
÷
3 ø
è

29 æ1 ö 30. (-
,-
µ20) È
(23, µ
)
-
ç , 2÷
è2 ø
31. (-
2, µ
) 32. (-
1, 0) È
(4, µ
)

æ2 ö æ2 -
22 öæ
2- 22 5 ö
33. (-
5, -
2) È
-
ç ,µ
÷ 34. ç
-,
µ ÷
Èç , ÷
ç ÷ç 2÷
è3 ø è 3 ø è3 ø

I.I.T. CIRCLE, Dhanbad PH : 9431502119 15

 æ17 ö
35. -
ç , -
3÷
È(1, µ
) 36. (-
,-
µ3) È
(3, -
)
µ
è 2 ø
æ 1 ö
37. [1, 3] È
(5, µ
) 38. -
ç,-
µ È
÷( )
0, µ
è 3 2ø

39. (-
µ
,6) È
[-
2, 0) È
[3, -
]
µ 40. (2, 3) È
(5, 6)

y
41. (1, 7) 42. (-
6, 3)

ar
43. (-
5, 1) È
{3} 44. (-
1, µ
)

æ9 ö
45. - 2÷
, -È(3, -
µ
) 46. (-
1, 1) È
(4, 6)

iw
ç
è2 ø
æ1+ 1ö
21 21 - 1 ö
æ
47. ç
- , ÷ 48. ç, 3÷
ç 2 ÷ 2 ø

49.
è2

(-
µ
,1) È
- (4, µ
)
ø
.T
50.
è

æ 5ö
-
ç,-
µ È
÷
è 2ø
()
-2, 8
Kr
3 ö
æ
51. ç, 1÷
È( 7, µ
) 52. (-
1, 0) È
(0, 1)
4 ø
è

53. (-
5, 1) 54. (-
µ
,4) È
- [-
3, 3) È
6, µ
[ )
oj

55. (-
µ
,2) È
- (-
1, 4) 56. (-
µ
,1) È
- (1, µ
)
æ1ö
57 (-
µ
,0) È
(1, 2) È
(3, µ
) 58. (-
,-
µ1) È
0, ÷
ç È( )
1, µ
2ø
an

è
59. (-
, 0) È
µ (1, 6) 60. (1, 2) È
(7, µ
)

61. (-
,-
µ3) È
(-
2, 3) 62. (-
2, 0) È
(1, 2 ) È
(2, µ
)
:M

63. (-
5, 1) È
(2, 3) 64. (-
,-
µ2) È
(-
1, 3) È
(4, µ
)
By

I.I.T. CIRCLE, Dhanbad PH : 9431502119 16

 GRAPH y
1. Y=x
Domain ® xÎ R
Range ® yÎ R
Every where continuous and differential O x
increasing for all x
Point of Max ® x= µ
Point of minimum ® x=-
µ
Max value y = µ
Min. value y = -µ

2. y=- x
y
Domain ® R
Range ® R
Every where continuous and differential O x
decreasing function for all x
Point of Maximum ® - µ
Point of minimum ® µ
Max value ® µ
Min. value ® -µ
T. CIRCLE
MODULUS FUNCTION I .I . y
WARDS C
TO
y=
x N
O
REV UTIO

MP

x x³
ì 0
ETITION
OL

3. y=
x =
í
-
îx x<
0
Domain ® R O x
Range ® [0, µ
)
Every where continuous at x = 0 function is not differentiable
Increasing ® 0, µ
[ ) Decreasing ® (-µ , 0)
Point of maximum :- x = ±
µ Point of minimum :- x = 0
Maximum value :- µ Minimum value :- 0

PROPERTY
k
- O k
xï
ïmeans distance of x from origin.

1. \If ï
xï<k (+ve) 2. If ïxï
>k
Þ- k<x<k Þ xÎ(-
µ ,-
k) È
(k. µ
)

3. ïxï
k
= 4. ïxï
=
-k
Þx=±
k ÞxÎf

5. xï
ï>
-k 6. xï
ï<
-k
xÎ
ÞR Þ xÎ
f

7 x+yï
. ï =ï
xï
+ï
yï
, iff xy ³
0 8. x-
ïyï
=ï
xï
+ï
yï
, iff xy £
0

I.I.T. CIRCLE, Dhanbad PH : 9431502119 17

9. a£
ïxï£ b, where a and b are +ve
ÞxÎ
[-b, -a] È [a, b]

Question :

1. x-
ï2ï
<3
Þ -3<x-
2<3 Þ
1<x<5
- xÎ
Þ(-
1, 5) Ans

2. x-
ï2ï
>5
x- 2<- 5 OR x - 2>5

y
x<- 3, x > 5 + 2,
Þ xÎ (-µ .-3) È
(7, µ)

ar
Alternate Method
ïx-2ï >5

iw
(x -
2) Î
(- ,-
µ5) È
(5, µ
) xÎ
Þ(-
µ
,3) È
- (7, µ
) Ans

3. 2x +
ï 3ï
<7

4.
Þ
-7 < 2x + 3 < 7
Solution :
xÎ

2x +
ï 7ï
(-

>9
5, 2)
Þ -
Ans. .T
10 < 2x < 4. 5<x<2
Þ
-
Kr
Solution : 2x + 7 Î
(-µ ,
- 9) È
(9, µ
) Þ 2x Î
(-
µ
,16) È
- (2, µ
)
xÎ (- µ
,
-8) È(1, µ
) Ans.

5. x-
ï3ï
+
ï4-
xï
=1
oj

Solution : Let X=x- 3

y=4- x
ïXï
+ï Yï =1 =ïX + Yï x-
, (3) (
4-
x) ³
0, ( x - 3) ( x - 4 ) £
0
an

xÎ[3, 4] Ans.

6. xï
ï+ï
x + yï
=4
:M

Solution : xï
ï +ï x + yï=4 =ï
x+y-
xï
\
( If ï
xï
+ï
yï
=
ïx-
yïÞxy £
0)
\x(x +4) £0. ÞxÎ
[-
4, 0] Ans.

x x2
7. x =
+
x- 1 x- 1
By

x x x
Solution : \ x =+
+ x Þ .x ³
0
x- 1 x- 1 x- 1
x2
0
³
x- 1
x = 0, x = 1
Þ xÎ (1,µ )È
{ 0}
-
µ-0 -1 + µ

I.I.T. CIRCLE, Dhanbad PH : 9431502119 18

 EXERCISE - 3

PROBLEMS OF MODULUS

Solve the following :

1. x-
ï5ï
<3 2. 2x -
ï 7ï
<5

3. 3x +
ï 5ï
>7 4. 4x +
ï 7ï
³9

5. 2x -
ï 5ï
<-
5 6. x-
ï7ï
>-
5

7. 2x -
ï 7ï
=8 8. 3x -
ï 7ï
=-
7

9. x-
ï5ï
+ï
7-
xï
=2 10. 2x +
ï 7ï
+ï
4-
3x ï
=ï
11 -
xï
2 2
11. x -
ï 1ï
+ï
4-
xï
=3 12. 2x -
ï 7ï
+ï
2x -
9ï
=2

13. x2 -
ï 4ïx2 -
+ï 9ï
=5 14. x2 +
ï 5x + 6 ïx2 +
+ï 5x ï
=6

ANSWER- KEY
2
æ ö
1. (2, 8) 2. (1, 6) T. CIRCLE 3. (-
,-
µ4) È
ç ,µ
÷
I .I . 3
è ø
1
é ö WARDS C
(- µ ,-4] È ,µ TO
4. ê ÷5. fN 6. R
O

2
REV UTIO

ë ø
MP

15 -1
ETITION

7. , 8. f 9. [5, 7]
OL

2 2

é7 4ù 7 9ù
é
10. - 11. [-
2, -
1] È
[1, 2] 12. ê
ê2 3ú 2 2ú
ë û
ë û

13. [-
3, -
2] È
[2, 3] 14. [-
5, -
3] È
[-
2, 0]

I.I.T. CIRCLE, Dhanbad PH : 9431502119 19

4. Exponential function
x
Definition : y = a , a > 0, a ¹
I

0<a<1
a>1 y
y

(0, 1)
(0, 1)
x O x

y
O

Domain ® R

ar
Domain ® R
Range ® (0, µ)
Range ® (0, µ )
decreasing function for all x
Every where Increasing function
Every where continuous and differentiable.
every where continuous and differential.

iw
Point of Maximum ® - µ
Point of Maximum ® µ
Point of minimum ® µ
Point of minimum ® -µ
Max value ® µ
+ Max value ® µ
Min. value ® 0 +

PROPERTY OF EXPONENTIAL FUNCTION

x
.T Min. value ® 0

x
Definition Y=a where a > 0, a¹
1, a >0
Kr
x
a is always a +ve function.

1. ax = b x Þa=b

2. ax = ay Þx=y
oj

3. ì f(x) > g(x) where a >1

af(x) >
ag(x) =
í
f(x) <
î g(x) where 0 < a< 1
an

4 ì f(x) > log ab where a >1

af(x) >
b=
í
f(x) <
î log ab where 0 < a< 1
:M

3x -
7 7x -
3
3ö æ
æ 7ö
Example : 1 ç÷= ç÷
7ø è
è 3ø
3x -
7 7x +
- 3
3ö æ
æ 3ö
Solution : ç÷ ç =÷
7ø è
è 7ø

Þ 3x - 7=- 7x + 3 ; Þ10x = 10
By

x = 1 Ans.
Example : 2 5x + 1 - x-
1
5 = 24
x+1 x-
1 x x 1
-
Solution : 5 -
5 = 24 , 5 . 5 -
5 . 5 = 24,
x (25 -1) 24 5x
5 24, Þ
= 5x . 24,
= =
1
5 5 5
5x = 5 Þ x=
1 Ans.
I.I.T. CIRCLE, Dhanbad PH : 9431502119 20
 Example : 3 9x + 6x = 2.4x

Solution : 9x + 6x = 2.4x
x x x x
-
9x 4x 3ö
æ 2ö æ
æ 3ö æ3ö
x
1=
+2. x Þ
ç+
÷1=
2.ç÷Þç+
÷1=
2ç÷
6 6 2ø
è 3ø è
è 2ø è2ø
x
3ö
æ
Let ç÷ = t
2ø
è
1
t+ 2t -
1= t2 +
Þ t-
2= t2 +
0 Þ 2t -
t-
2=
0 Þ
t (t +
2) -
(t +
2) =
0
(t -
1) ( t +
2) =
0, t=
1, t =
2
-
x x
3ö æ
æ 3ö
ç÷=1, ç÷ 2 which is Impossible
=
-
2ø è
è 2ø
Þx=
0 Ans.
1
1ö
æx
Example : 4 2x+
2
>
ç÷
4ø
è
1
1ö
æx
Solution : 2x+
2
>
ç÷ T. CIRCLE
4ø
è
1
I .I . ARDS
1TOW C 2
1ö
æ x
2Nx
- - +
22.2x >
Þ ; 2 .2 > 2
(2 ) ;x -
22.2x >
2x
O

ç2 ÷ µ
REV UTIO

-
µ0
MP

2 ø
è
ETITION
OL

2
- 2 2
2x +
2
2x
> x+
Þ2>
- , x+
Þ2+ 0
>
x x
x2 +2x + 2
>0 , x=
0
x
Þ xÎ (0, µ ) Ans.

4x2 -
2x -
2 2x -
3
Example : 5 (0.1) (0.1)
£
2
Solution : (0.1)4x -
2x -
2
£(0.1)2x -
3

2 2 2
Þ 4x - 2x - 2³ 2x - 3 Þ 4x -4x + 1 ³
0 (2x -
Þ 1) ³0
xÎ R.

EXERCISE - 4
EXPONENTIAL EQUATION
x+
1 x2 +
2x -
11 9 2 1
1. 5ö
æ æ9ö 5ö
æ 2.
ç÷ç ÷ =
ç÷ 4 - x
5. 4 +
4=
0 x
3ø
è 25 ø
è 3ø
è

3. 25 4.
x
4-
x-
10.2 = 24
1
5x -
24 =
5x
5. 2x+1 . 5x = 200 6. 3.52x -
1
2.5 x -
- 1
= 0.2

I.I.T. CIRCLE, Dhanbad PH : 9431502119 21

 ANSWER-KEY
1. 7/2, 2
- 2. 1

3. 2 4. 3

5. 2 6. 0

EXERCISE - 5
EXPONENTIAL INEQUALITIES
3-
6x
1. 2 >1 2. x+
1
3>
9

y
6-
5x

ar
3. 2ö
æ2+
5x 25 4. 2 +2
x x+1
-
3<0
-
ç÷<
5ø 4
è
5. x + 0.5
4- x
7.2-
- 4<0
- 6. 2x -
1
1
-
2
<

iw
x+1
2 + 1
2x +
3
7. 21-
x
- 2x +
1 8. 2x +
1 1ö
æ
0
£ 2 21ç
- ÷+2³
0
x
2 - 1 .T 2ø
è

9. (0.3)2 + 4 + 6 +..... + 2x = (0.3)72 10. 2x +2-

2x+1+2x-
1
-2x-
2
9
£
2x + 1 x x+2 x+3 x+4 x+1 x+2
11. 5 >5 +4 12. 2 2 -
- 2 >5 5
-
Kr
1 2
x x+1 x+-
13. 4-
3£
2 14. 1ö
æ 2 x 1
ç÷ >
3ø
è 27
2x +
1
2x -
3 3
-
15. 16. 1ö
æ 1ö
æ
oj

1-
x
(0.2) x-2
5
> ç÷> ç÷
5ø è
è 5ø
17. 2x +
2 ³
2 2
x
an

ANSWER-KEY
æ1ö æ2 ö
1. -
ç, ÷
µ 2. f 3. (-
,-
µ2) È
-
ç ,µ
÷
:M

è2ø è5 ø

4. (0, 1) 5. (-
2, µ
) 6. R

log 2 3 -
é 2 ö
7. (-
, 0) È
µ (1, µ
) 8. ê ,µ
÷ 9. 8
ë2 ø
By

10. (-
, 2]
µ 11. (0, µ
) (0, µ ) 12.
æ5 ö
13. (-
, log23)
µ 14. (-
,-
µ 1) È (0, 2) 15. ç , 2÷
è3 ø
1 ö
é
16. (1, 4) 17. (-
, log 2 2 -
µ 1] È
ê,µ÷
2 ø
ë
I.I.T. CIRCLE, Dhanbad PH : 9431502119 22
 LOGARITHM FUNCTION
ax
y= a>1 y
5. 0<a<1
y log a x
log y =
log y =
x log a
log y (0, 1)
x=
log a O x
(0, 1) x=
log a y
O x
The graph of x = loga y is a > 1
Now the graph of y = loga x
y y

O (1, 0) x
(1, 0)
O x

T. CIRCLE
Domain ® (0, µ ) I .I . Domain ® (0, µ )
Range ® (- ,µ ) WARDS C Range ® (-µ,µ )
µ TO
N Increasing ® ( 0, µ
)
O

Decreasing ® ( 0, µ
)
REV UTIO

MP

Point of maximum :- x = 0
+
Point of maximum :- x = µ
ETITION

Point of minimum :- x = 0+
OL

Point of minimum :- x = µ
Maximum value :- µ Maximum value :- µ
Minimum value :- - µ Minimum value :- - µ
Continous and differentiation for x > 0 Continuous and differentiable for x > 0

PROPERTIES OF LOGARITHMIC FUNCTION

x
If y=a
Þ x = logay
Now for y = logax, x > 0, a > 0, a ¹
1
aö
æ
1. loge (ab) = logea + logeb 2. log e ç=
÷log e a -
log eb
bø
è
3. loge(am) = m logea 4. logaa = 1
log b
5. log ab = 6. alogam = m
log a
x>
ìy m>1 ìma
b> m>1
7. log mx >
log m y Þ
í 8. log mb >
aÞ
ía
x<
îy 0<m< 1 b<
îm 0<m< 1

ìma
b< m>1
9. log mb <
aÞ
ía
b>
îm 0<m< 1

I.I.T. CIRCLE, Dhanbad PH : 9431502119 23

 EXERCISE - 6

PROBLEMS OF LOGARITHMIC
1. logx -
13=2 2. log3 (3x -
8) = 2 -
x

3. log3 [ 1+ log3 (2x -

7)] = 1 4. log4 [ 2 log3{1 + log2 (1 + 3 log3x)}] = 1 /2

y
5. log 2 (9 - 2x ) 6. log3 ( x + 1) + log3 (x + 3) = 1
1
=
3- x

ar
1- 2 (logx 2 )2
7. log7 (2x -
1) + log7 (2x -
7) = 1 8. 1
=
log x - 2 (log x)2

iw
9. 1 + 2 logx + 2 5 = log5 ( x + 2) 10. 2+
æ xö æ 2 ö
log 5 ç ÷ =log 5 ç ÷
è10 ø è x+1ø

11. 2
log 3 [log 1/2 x-
3log 1/2 x +
5] =
2 12.
.T 4x
2log2 4
log 4 2 =

ANSWER-KEY
Kr

1. 1 + Ö
3 2. x = 2 3. x = 4 4. x = 3 5. x = 0 6. x = 0
oj

1 1
- 9
7. x = 3 8. x =
10 2 , 10 3 9. x =
-, 23 10. x = 3
5
an

1
11. x =
2, 12. x = 2
16
:M
By

I.I.T. CIRCLE, Dhanbad PH : 9431502119 24

 EXERCISE - 7

LOGARITHMIC INEQUALITIES
1.
log 1 (5x -
1) >
0 2. log5 (3x -
1) < 1
3

2 2
3. log0.5 (x -
5x + 6) > -
1 4. log8(x -
4x + 3 ) £
1
2x -
6 2-3x
5. log 7 0
> 6. log 1 1
³
-
2x -
1 3
x
2
35 -
æ x ö1 log 3 3 -
4x >
2
7. log 1 ç
ç ÷
³- 8.
4è
x ÷ø2
log 2 x -3 log x +
3
9. log 20.5 x +
log 0.5 x -
2£
0 10. 1
<
log x -1

æ2 ö 1 1
11. log 1 (2 -
x) >
log 1 ç ÷ 12. + > 2
x+1 1+
log x 1 -
log x
4 4èø

13. log 0.2 (x 2 -

x-
2) > x2 +
log 0.2 (- 2x +
3) 14. log0.5 (3x -
4)< log0.5(x -
2)

C IR C L
æx 2 +xö I.T.
I.16. Eæ x 2 -
2x ö
15. log 0.5 ç
log 6 ÷
<0 WARlog ç log
DS 0.5 ç ÷
<0
TO 3 ÷
ç 6
èx+ 4÷
ø N
C
è x- ø
O
REV UTIO

MP
ETITION

17. log 1 (2 x +
2
4x ) ³
- 2
-
OL

ANSWER-KEY
1 2ö
æ 1 ö
æ
1. ç, ÷ 2. ç, 2÷
5 5ø
è 3 ø
è

3. (1, 2) È
(3, 4) 4. [-
1, 1) È
(3, 5]

æ 1ö 1 2ö
é
5. -
ç, ÷
µ 6. ê, ÷
è 2ø 3 3ø
ë
æ 3ö
7. [-
7,-
35] È
[5, 35 ] 8. -
ç,-
µ È
÷(3, µ
)
è 2ø

9.
1 ù
é 10. (0, 10)
ê,4
2 ú
ë û
1
11. (-
1, 0) È
(1, 2] 12. (10-, 1) È
(1, 10)

13. æ 5ö 14. (2, µ

)
2, ÷
ç
è 2ø
15. (-
4, -
3) È
(8 , µ
) 16. (3, 4) È
(6 , µ
)

17. (-
, 2)
µ

I.I.T. CIRCLE, Dhanbad PH : 9431502119 25

6. y = sin x 1
Domain ® R
Range ® [-1, 1] p
Increasing and decreasing -
p x
0 ð
Everywhere continuous and differential
Maximum value = 1 2
1
-
Minimum value = - 1

y
7. y = cos x
1
Domain ® R

ar
Range ® [-1, 1] ð ð
Everywhere continuous and differential -
-
p2 2 p
Maximum value = 1 x
0
Minimum value = - 1

iw
Increasing and decreasing 1
-

Greatest Integer function C

y=[x]
If [ x ] = n

[x]=6
n£
Þx<n+1 .T - 1
2 - C
C
C

1
C

2 3
Kr
Þ 6£ x<7
Example :
For Graph y=[x]
If 0 £ x < 1, y = 0
oj

1£ x < 2, y = 1
2£ x < 3, y = 2

Constant function Maximum value = µ

an

Minimum value = - µ Domain ® R

Range ® I Discontinuous at the integral point
Not differentiable at the integral point
:M

PROPERTY
1. x=[x]+{x}
[x]® greatest integer of x
{x}® Fractional part of x

Example : 5.6 = [5.6] + { 5.6] = 5 + 0.6

By

2. If [ x ] = n Þ n£ x<n+1

3. [[x]] = [ x ]

Example : [[5.6]] = [5.6] = 5 L. H. S. [[5.6]] = [5] = 5

I.I.T. CIRCLE, Dhanbad PH : 9431502119 26

 4. [x ±
I] = [ x ] ±
I
Where I is an integer.

Example : [3.6 + 2] = [3.6] + 2 = 3+2 = 5

ì - [x], if x is an integer
[-
x] =
í
-
î[x] -1, if x is not an integer

Example : [-5] = -[5] = -5 [-

5.6] = -
[5.6] -
1 =-
5-
1=-
6
ì 2x x Î I
6. [x] -
[- x] = í
î 2x +1 xÏ I

7. [ x ] ³
n x³
Þn (n Î
I)
Example : [x] ³ 5 x³
Þ5

8. [ x] > n x³
Þn+1 nÎ
I

Example : [ x ] > 6 x³
Þ7

9. [x] £
n x<
Þn+1 nÎ
I
T. CIRCLE
I .I .
Example : 1[x] £
6 x<7 WARDS C
TO
N
O
REV UTIO

MP

10. [x] < n x<n

Þ nÎ
I
ETITION
OL

Exercise:1 [ x] < 7 x<7

Exercise:2 [x] < 7.6 [x] £

º 7 x<8
Þ

Example [x] < 8.2 [x] £

º 8 x<9
Þ

Exercise [x] ³
7.6 [x] ³
º 8 x³
Þ8 Ans

Exercise [x] > 7.6 [x] ³

º 8 x³
Þ8 Ans

Example : 1 [x2 + 5] £
8
2
Solution : [x + 5] £8 x2 + 5 < 9
Þ x2 < 4 xÎ
(-
2, 2) Ans
2
Example : 2 [x + 7x+15] ³ 3
2 2 2
Solution : [x + 7x+15] ³ 3 Þ
x + 7x +15 ³ 3 Þ x + 7x +12 ³
0
(x + 3) ( x + 4) ³0Þ
xÎ (-µ ,-4] È [-
3, µ
) Ans

Example : 3 If y = 2 [x] + 3
2y = - 2[x] + 6 then find the value of x and y and also find [x + y]
Solution : y = 2[x] +3 ....(1) 2y = - 2[x] + 6 .....(2)
Equation (1) + (2) Þ
3y = 9 y=3
Now putting the y = 3 in (1) we get [x] = 0
Þ 0£ x<1 xÎ [0, 1) , y = 3 Ans
For [ x + y] \ 0£ x<1 \ 0+3£ x+y<4 3£ x+y<4 [x + y] = 3 Ans
\

I.I.T. CIRCLE, Dhanbad PH : 9431502119 27

 Example : 4 Given y = 2 [x] + 3 and y = 3 [x - 2] + 5 then find the value of [x + y]

Solution : y = 2[x] + 3 ....(1)

y = 3 [x - 2] + 5 y = 3{[x] - 2} + 5 y = 3 [x] -6+5
y = 3 [x] - 1 ...... (2)
from (1) and (2) Þ
2[x] + 3 = 3[x] - 1 [x] = 4 4£x<5
Put the [x] = in (1)
y=2´ 4+3 y = 8 + 3 = 11 \4£ x<5 15 £
x +y < 16

y
\ [x + y] = 15 Ans

ar
Signum function
1
ì x>0
x ï
y= 0
=
í x=0

iw
x ï
-
î 1 x<
0 y
Domain : - R C (0, 1)
Range : { -
1, 0, 1}
Not differential at x = 0
Not continuous at x = 0
Constant function
.T (0, 0)
C (0, -
x

1)
Maximum value = 1
Kr
Minimum value = - 1

Example : 1 y = sgn (ex) y

1
ì ex >
x
0 xÎ
ÞR (0, 1)
e ï x
oj

y= 0
=
í e = 0 Þ
xÎ
ö
ex ï
-
î 1 ex <
0 Þ
xÎ
ö
x
-
µ O
Domain : - R
an

Range : -1
Constant function Every continues and differential
Every continuous and differential
:M

Maximum value = 1
d
sgn (log e x)
dx

Exercise : 2 y = sgn (logex)

1 x2 +
ì 1>
0
By

2
x 1
+ ï y
sgn(x 2 +
1) = 0 x2 +
=
í 1=
0
x2 +1 ï2
-
î1 x +
1<
0 y=1 (0, 1)
2
When x + 1 > 0 ÞxÎ
R
x2 + 1 = 0 Þ
xÎ
f
x
x2 + 1 < 0 Þ
xÎ
f 0

I.I.T. CIRCLE, Dhanbad PH : 9431502119 28

 2
Exercise : 3 y = sgn (x +1) y
1 x2 +
ì 1>
20
x +1 ï2
2
sgn(x +1) = =0 x +
í 1=
0 y=1 (0, 1)
x2 +
1 ï2
-
î1 x +
1<
0
When x2 + 1 > 0 Þ xÎR x
x2 + 1 = 0 Þ
xÎf 0
x2 + 1 < 0 Þ
xÎf
Domain : R Range : 1
Constant function Every continuous and differentiable
Maximum Value = 1

y
Important Graph
(1, 1)

1. y = x3 (-
1, 0) (1, 0)
x

2
2. y=x
y
. C IR C L
Domain : - R Range :I[0, µ) . I .T E
OWARDS C
Increasing (0, µ
) DecreasingT (- 0)
µ
,
N
O
REV UTIO

Maximum value = - µ Minimum value = 0

MP

x
Point of maximum = ±µPoint of minimum = 0 0
ETITION
OL

Every where continuous and differential

y=x4 y=x2
y

4
3. y=x
All the nature are same as y = x2 x
(-
1, 0) 0 (1, 0)

y
1
4. y=
x2
Domain : - R - { 0} (1, 1)
Range : R - {0} x
Every where continuous and differential except zero. (-
1, 1)
Every where decreasing except zero.

5.
1 y
y=
x2
Domain : - R - { 0} Range : {0, µ}
Increasing : (- µ , 0) Decreasing (0, µ ) (-
1, 1) (1, 1)
Everywhere continuous and differential except zero. x
0
Maximum value : µ Minimum value : 0+
+ -
Point of maximum : 0 or 0 Point of minimum : ± µ
I.I.T. CIRCLE, Dhanbad PH : 9431502119 29
 1 1
N. B. : Same graph for y = where n is an even no. All the information is same as y =
2
n
x x
1 1
n
6. x The graph of y =
y= n x n is the image of the graph y = x along the mirror y = x in their domain .
1 y y
Example : y = 1

x2 x2
y=

x x
0

y
0

ar
y=ç
xç
+1
Transformation
1. y = f (x) ± a ,a>0
y=ç
xç

iw
Where a is constant
P lot y = f (x)
for y = f (x) + a ­ shift upward
x
for y = f (x) - a ¯ shift downward 0

Example 1 y = ç
Domain - R
xç +1

Not differential at x = 0
Range - [1, µ )
Everywhere continuous
.T
Decreasing - (-µ ,0) Increasing - [0, µ
)
Kr
Maximum value = µ Minimum value = 1
Point of maximum = ± µpoint of minimum = 0
x x
Example y = e + 1 x Example : y = e -
1
y=e +1 y y = en
y
oj

y = ex
y = en -
1

(0, 2)
(0, 1)
an

(0, 1) x
x 0

2. Y = f (x -a)
:M

Where a is constant , a > 0

Plot y = f (x)
For f(x - a) ® Plot right side of x axis through a units y
For f (x + a) ¬ Plot left side of x axis through a units.

Example : y= ê x- 2ê
Domain : R Range : [0, µ)
By

x
increasing : [2, µ
) Decreasing : (-, 2)20
µ 0 (2, 0)
Maximum value = µ Minimum value = 0
point of maximum = ±
µpoint of minimum x = 2 3ð
-
4
æð ö ð p
Example : y=
sin ç
x+ ÷ 2p
- -3ð - p -ð 3ð 2p
è4 ø 9ð 2
- - 5ð 2 2 3ð 2 7ð
ð
4 - 7ð 4 ð 4 5ð 4
4
4 4 4
I.I.T. CIRCLE, Dhanbad PH : 9431502119 30
3. y = a f(x) a > 1
Stretch the graph of f(x) a times along y - axis 2
y =2sinx
Example : Y = 2 sin x
Domain - R
Range : [-2, 2] 2p
--3ð -
p-ð 0 ð p3ð 2p
Maximum value : 2 2 2 2 2
- 2 y =sinx
Minimum value : -2
Everywhere continuous and differential
1
4. y= f (x) , a >
1
a
Shrink the graph of f (x) a times along y-axis.
y = sinx

1 0 p
Example : y = sin x 2p -
- p 2p
2 1
y= sin x
2

y
. C IR C L
5. y = f (ax) , a > 1 I . I .T-ð E
OWARDS C
Shrink the graph of f(x) a times along x -axisT 2
N
O

Example : Y = sin 2x x
REV UTIO

MP

-2p-3ð -p
-ð 0 ð p3ð 2p
ETITION

ð
OL

2ð 2 -
- ð 4 2 2 2ð
2 - 3ð 2 ð 2 3ð 2
4 4 4

y
xö
æ
6. Y=
fç,a >
÷ 1
aø
è
Stretch the graph of f (x) a times along x-axis.
x
x 2p
--3ð --
p ð ð p 3ð 2p
Example : Y =
sin 2p
2 2 -2p2 2 2 4p
4p
-
6ð
- 2ð
- 2ð 6ð
2 2 2 2

7. Y = f (-
x)
Plot the graph y = f(x) to draw y = f (-
x), take the image of the curve y = f (x) in the y-axis as plane mirror.

y y
y = ex x
-
y=e

(0, 1)
(0, 1)
x x
0

I.I.T. CIRCLE, Dhanbad PH : 9431502119 31

 y = log (-
x)
y
y = log x y = log (-
x) y

x
0 (1, 0) x
0

8. Y=- f (x)

y
To draw Y = -f (x) , take the image of f (x) in the x-axis as plane mirror.

ar
x
Example : Y=-
e ex
y y=-
y y=e x

Solution :

iw
0 x
(0, 1)
(0, -
1)
x

Example : y=-
sin x
0

y
.T y
y=-
sin x
1 y = sin x 1
Kr
x x
0 0
1
- 1
-
Example : y =-
xç
ç
oj

y=ç
xç
an

0 x
y =-
xç
ç
x
0
:M

-x
Example : y = -
e
y y
x
y = ex
-
y=e

(0, 1) (0, 1)
By

x x
y 0

0 x
(0, -
1)

I.I.T. CIRCLE, Dhanbad PH : 9431502119 32

9. Y=ú f (x)ú
Step : 1 Plot the graph of y = f(x)
Step : 2 Leave the positive part of Y = f(x) as it is (i. l the part of f(x) above the x-axis.
Step : 3 Take the mirror image of negative part of f(x) (i. e the part of f(x) below x-axis). in the x-axis as plane
mirror.

Example :1 y = ÷
sin x ê
y y
1 y = sin x 1 y=÷
sin x ê

x x
0 0
1
-
y y
y=ç
loge x ç
Example :2

x x
0 (1, 0) 0 (1, 0)

T. CIRCLE
10. Y = fúxú I .I .
WARDS C
Step : 1 Plot y = f(x) TO
N
O

Step : 2 Leave the graph lying right side of the y-axis as it is.
REV UTIO

MP

Step : 3 Take the mirror image of f (x) in the right of y-axis as the plane 1 mirror and the graph of f (x) lying left
ETITION
OL

side of y-axis is omitted.

y y y = log ê xê
Example : y = log ê xê

x x
0 (1, 0) 1, 0) 0
(- (1, 0)

xêy
Example :2 y = sin÷ y
y = sin x 1 y = sin÷
xê

p2px -
p p2px
p 0
- 0

1
-

y y
Example :3

(0, 1)
(0, 1) x
0
x
0

I.I.T. CIRCLE, Dhanbad PH : 9431502119 33

11. Y=ç
f (ç
xç
)ç

Step 1 Y = f (x)
Step 2 Y = f (ç xç)
Step 3 Y = ç f (çxç )ç
Or
Step 1 Y = f (x)
Step 2 Y = ï f (x )ï
Step 3 Y = ç f (çxç )ç

y
12. çyç = f(x)
Step 1 Y = f(x)

ar
Step 2 Remove the portion of the graph which lies below x-axis.
Step 3 Plot the remaining portion of the graph, and also its mirror image in the x-axis.

Example : yç
ç= sin x

iw
y y
yç
ç = sin x
y = sin x

2p
- x
p0
- p 2p x
.T 2p-
- p0 p
2p3p

13. Y = max (f(x), f (x))

Kr
f (x) , f (x) >
ì g (x)
Y=
í
g (x) , f (x) <
î f (x)

14. Y = min [f(x), f (x)]

oj

f (x) , f (x) <

ì g (x)
Y=
Þí
g (x) , f (x) >
î g (x)
an

Example : 1 Y = max (x2, x)

y y
(1, 1) (1, 1)
:M

x x
0 0 (1, 0)
By

Example : 2 y = min (x2, x)

y
(1, 1)

x
0 (1, 0)

I.I.T. CIRCLE, Dhanbad PH : 9431502119 34

 æ 3ð ö
Example : Y = max (sin x, cos x) for x Î
-
çð, ÷
è 2 ø
y y
- ð 3ð 3ð
©
-
p2 p2 -
p 2 x
x
0 ð -ð 0 ð ð
2 2 4 2

EXERCISE - 8
CLASS-WORK
x
1. Y = x + 1 2. y = 2x +3 3. 2x + 3y = 6 4. Y = 2
x
x 1ö
æ x
5. y = 10 6. Y =
ç÷ 7. Y = 3- 8. Y = (0.33)x
2ø
è
x
9. Y = (0.7)- 10. Y = log0.5x 11. Y = log4x 12. Y = sgn (logex)
R CL
. CI15.
13. Y = sgn (2x) x
14. Y = sgn (3-) I . I .T Y =Esgn (sin x) 16. Y = sgn (log0.5 x)
WARDS C
TO
17. Y = sgn (x2+ 5x + 6) 18. Y = sg (x 2 N 19. Y = sgn (x2) 20. Y = x5
1 + x + 1)
O
REV UTIO

MP

Y=
x4
ETITION
OL

4
21. Y = x 22. 23. xy = 4 24. x3 y = 1
2 4
25. x y = 1 26. x y = 9 27. Y = sin x + 3 28. Y = cos x -
2
æð ö
29. Y = ú
xú
-3 30. Y = 3x + 2 31. Y = sgn (logex) + 3 32. Y =
sin ç
x-÷
è2 ø
2
33. Y = sin ( x + p
)+2 34. Y = ú
x + 3ú
+3 35. Y = ú
x-
2ú
-3 36.1 Y = x + 5x + 6
æð ö æð ö
37. Y = 3 sin x 38. Y =
4 cos ç
x+39. Y =
÷ 2 sin ç
x++
÷3
è2 ø è2 ø
1 x
40. Y = sin2x 41. Y = 2 cos2x + 3 42. Y = sin3x -
2 43. Y =
2 sin
2 2
4x
44. Y =
3 sin 45. Y = log2(-
x) 46. Y = log0.5 (-
x) + 3 47. Y = 3 sin (-
x) + 4
3
x
48. Y = -
loge (-
x) e-
49. Y = - 50. Y = -
2 sinx + 3 ex ê
51. Y = ê

xç
52. Y = ê
log0.2 x ê
+3 eç
53. Y = ê ê x2 + 5x + 6 ê 55. Y = ê
54. Y = ê x2 ê
+7 ê
xê
+ 12

56. Y = ( ê2)2 + 7
xê
- 57. Y = ê
sin x ê
+3 58. Y = ê
sin ê
xê
ê+2 59. Y = loge ê
xê

2 2 3 2
60. Y = max (2x , x ) 61. Y = max (x , x ) 62. Y = min ( x + 1, x ) 63. Y = x . sin x
x
64. Y = e sin x

I.I.T. CIRCLE, Dhanbad PH : 9431502119 35

 DOMAIN : The set of values of x for which function is defined is said to be the domain of the
function.
Rules for Finding domain :
(i) Expression under even root ³ 0. (ii) Denominator ¹ 0
(iii) For logf(x) g(x) , g(x) > 0 and f(x) > 0, f(x) ¹
1
(iv) If h(x) = f(x) ± g(x) and the domain of f(x) and g(x) be D1 and D2 respectively then the domain of
h(x), D is given by D = D1 Ç D2.
Find the domain of the following function
EXERCISE - 9

y
1
1. x2 -
f (x) = 5x +
6 2. f (x) =2
x -5x +
6

ar
1 x-
1
3. x2 -
f (x) = 3x +
2+ 4. f (x) =
2
x -3x -
4 x-2

iw
x-
2 1-
x
5. f (x) = + 6. (x +
1)(x +
3)
x+
2 1+
x f (x) =
x- 2

7. f (x) =

f (x) =
3
2x +
2x -

sin x -
1
1
3x 2 +
x .T 8. f (x) =3
x -

f (x) =
x-
2x +

1+
2
3x +

2 1-
x+
1
2x

x2 +
1
9. 10.
Kr
11. f (x) =
x-
1+
6-
x 12. f (x) =
2+x2
x-

Problem related by logarithmic function

EXERCISE - 10 1
oj

1. Y=
log2 x 2. Y=
log2 x
3. f (x) =
log x (1+
x) 4. log(x 2 -
f (x) = 5x +
6)
an

x2 -
æ 6ö
5x +
5. log ç
f (x) = ç ÷ 6. f (x) = log10 (x 2 -
log10 [1 - 5x +
16]
è
2
x + 6÷
4x +ø
:M

3 x
7. f (x) =2 +log10 (x 3 -
x) 8. f (x) =
4-x log10 (1+
x)
1
9. f (x) = x+
+2 10. f (x) =
1-
log3 x
log10 (1- x)

log2 {log 1 (x 2 +
By

11.
f (x) = 4x +
4)} 12. f (x) = x2 -
log 4 log5 log3 (18x - 77)
2

13.
f (x) =
log10 ( x -
4+
6-
x) 14. f (x) = x2
log10 4 -

log2 (x +
3)
15. log {(logx)2 -
f (x) = 5log x +
6} 16. f (x) = 2
x + 3x +2

I.I.T. CIRCLE, Dhanbad PH : 9431502119 36

 f (x) = x2 )
log0.4 (x - æ x2 ö
5x -
17. 18. log 1 ç
f (x) = ç4 ÷ ÷
2è ø

æ x2 ö
3x -
19. log0.3 ç
f (x) = ç ÷ 20. f (x) =
loge loge x
èx-1 ÷ø

æ 1 ö
21. f (x) =
log10 ç
1+
-
ç x- ÷
è 2 ÷
ø

ANSWER

Find the domain of the function :

1. xÎ
]-
µ
, 2] È
[3, µ
[ 2. xÎ
R-
{2, 3}

3. xε
,-
(-1) È
(4, µ
) 4. xÎ
(-
µ
, 1] È
(2, µ
)

5. Not defined 6. xÎ3, -

[- 1] È
(2, µ
)

T . C IR C
æ1 ö 1
é I . I . AR L E x Î
ö æ 1ù
-
ç,-
µ È(0, 1) È
(2, µ
)
7. xÎ
(-
,-
µ1) È
-
ç , 0÷
Èê , µ
÷ OW D
8. S ú
2
è ø 2
ëø T C è 2 û
N
O
REV UTIO

MP

ð
x=
nð +1)n
(-
ETITION

9. 10. x={1}
OL

2
11. xÎ
[1, 6] 12. xÎ
[-
1, 2]

Problem related to logarithmic function :

1. x>0 2. x > 0, x ¹
1

3. xÎ
(0, µ
)-
{1} 4. xε
,2)È
(- (3, µ
)

5. xε
,2)È
(- (3, µ
) 6. xÎ
( 2, 3 )

7. xÎ1, 0 ) È
(- (1, 2 ) È
(2, µ
) 8. xÎ1, 0 ) È
(- (0, µ
)

9. xÎ2, 0 ) È
[- (0, 1 ) 10. xÎ
(0, 3]

11. xÎ3, -
(- 2)È2, -
(- 1) 12. xÎ
(8, 10 )

13. xÎ
[4, 6 ] 14. xε
,-
(-2)È2, 2 ) È
(- 2, µ
(- )

15. (0, 102) È

xÎ (103, µ
) 16. xÎ3, µ
(- )-1, -
{- 2}

17. xÎ
(0,1 ) 18. xÎ
(0, 1] È
[4, 5 )

19. xÎ
(-µ, 1-
2) È
(1 +
2, 3) 20. xÎ
(0, 1) È
(1, µ
)
1 æ 3 ö
21. (-
µ,- )Èç,µ÷
2 è 2 ø

I.I.T. CIRCLE, Dhanbad PH : 9431502119 37

 Find the domain EXERCISE - 11

1
1. f (x) =5-
[x] 2. cos -
f (x) = [2x 2 -
3]

1-
[x]
3. f (x) = 4. f (x) = [x]2 +
25 - x -
4
2-
[x]
ð [x 2 -
1æ 3] ö
f (x) =
Tan [x] cos -
f (x) = ç
ç ÷
+log2 ( x -
1)
5.
2
6.
è 5 ÷ ø

y
[x]
7. log[x] x 2
f (x) = 8. f (x) =
log

ar
[x]
1
9. f (x) =
log (x -
[x]) 10. f (x) =
2
[x] - [x] -
6

iw
11. f (x) =
2-x +
1+
x 12. x2 -
f (x) = x -
2

13.

15.
x 12 -
f (x) =

f (x) =
1
x9 +
x4 -
x+
1
.T14.

16.
f (x) =
1-

f (x) =
1-x2
1-

x2 ö
1æ
sin -ç
ç
2 ÷
÷
[x] -
x è ø
Kr
1
ì x2 ö
æ ü 1
17. sin -
f (x) = log
í ç
2ç
÷
ý 18. f (x) =
î 2 ÷
è ø
þ x -x

1é æ x ö
ù 1 x- 3
oj

19. sin -
Y= log10 ç
ê ÷
ú 20. sin -
f (x) = log10 (4 -
- x)
ëè 10 ø
û 2
an

x-
1æ 2ö
21. f (x) = 1
cos - 2x 22. f (x) =
3-cos -
x+ ç ÷
è3 ø

2-
3[ x ]ö
:M

3-
1æ 2x ö 1æ
23. f (x) =
3-sin -
x+ ç ÷ 24. sin -
f(x) = ç ÷
è5 ø è4 ø

1 1-
2 x
25. cos -
f (x) = log x -
+ 1
x 26. f (x) = 1
sin - (log2 x)
3
By

ð
27. f (x) =
log[ x2 ] (4 -
x ) 28. f (x) =
[sin x] cos
[x - 1]

1
29. f (x) =
cos (sin x) 30. sin -
f (x) = (2x -
3)

ax +
1æ bö 1
31. cos -
f (x) = ç ÷ (a, c >
0) 32. sin -
f (x) = ( x -
1)
è c ø

I.I.T. CIRCLE, Dhanbad PH : 9431502119 38

 1
33. f (x) = 1
sin - (x 2 +
1) 34. f (x) =
log10 (x - cos -
1) + (1-
x )

1
sin -
f (x) = (sec x) ð
35. 36. f (x) =
sgn(2 -
x )+
cot [x]
2

3 -1 2 2x +
1 x
37. f (x) = -5 cos x + 38. f (x) = 1
cos - log [x]
xù
é x+1 x
ê
2û
ë ú
1
log2x 3
39. cosec -
f (x) = sin 2 x]
[1 + 40. f (x) = 1
cos - (2x -
1)

1(log x2 )
cos-
41. f (x) =
e 4

42. 2{x} 2 -
f (x) = 3{x} +
1, x Î
[-
1,1] where { } is the Fracnal part part of x.

T. CIRCLE
I .I .
WARDS
43. TO the domain
The function of f(x) is defined in [0, 1].NFind C of definition of the function.
O

2
REV UTIO

(a) f (sin x) (b) f (2x +3) (c) f (3x )

MP

2
(d) f(x + x + 1) (e) f (loge x)
ETITION
OL

44. If domain of Y = f (x) is -

3£
x£
2. What is the domain of g (x) = f (I [ x ] I)

45. Find the domain of definition of the single valued branches of the functions .
(a) 10x + 10y = 10 (b) y2 = 1 + log2 (x -
1)

ANSWER

é
- 5 ù é5 ù
1. xÎ
(-
, 3)
µ 2. xÎ
ê ,-1ú
È1,
ê ú
ë2 ûë2 û

3. xÎ
(-
, 2) È
µ [3, µ
) 4. xÎ
[-
5, -
4] È
[4, 6]

5. xÎ
[2n, 2n + 1) , n Î
I 6. xÎ
(-
3, -
1) È
(1, 3)

7. xÎ
[2, µ
) 8. xÎ
[1, µ
)

9. xÎ
R-
I 10. xÎ
(-
,-
µ2) È
[4, µ
)

11. xÎ
[-
2, 2] 12. xÎ
R-
(-
2, 2)

13. xÎ
R 14. xÎ
[-
1, 1]

I.I.T. CIRCLE, Dhanbad PH : 9431502119 39

15. x=f 16. xÎ
[-
2, 2 ]

17. xÎ
[-
2, -
1] È
[1, 2] 18. xÎ
(-
, 0)
µ

19. xÎ
[1, 100] 20. xÎ
[1, 4 [

é1 1ù
21. xÎ
-
ê , 22. xÎ
[-
1, 3]
ë2 2ú
û

y
ar
23. xÎ
[-
1, 3] 24. xÎ
[0, 3)

25. xÎ
(0, 1) È
(1, 2) 26. xÎ
[1, 2]

iw
27. xÎ
(-
4,-
2] È
[ 2, 4) 28. xÎ
[1, 2)

29. xÎ
R

éb+c c-bù
.T 30. xÎ
[1, 2]

31. xÎ
-,
ê 32. xÎ
[-
2, 2]
ëa a ú
Kr
û

33. xÎ
{0} 34. xÎ
(1, 2]
oj

35. xÎ
np
,nÎ
I 36. xÎ
[-
1, 0) È
[1, 2)
an

37. xÎ
(-
1, 0) 38. xÎ
[2, µ
]

é 1ö1 ù
æ
39. xÎ
R 40. xÎ
0, ÷
ê Èç,1
ë 2ø2 ú
è û
:M

é 1ùé1 ù æ 1ùé 1ö
41. xÎ
2, -
-
ê úÈ
ê ,2 42. xÎ
1,-
-
ç È0, ÷
ë 2ûë2 ú û ú
è 2ûê
ë 2ø

é3 ù é1 1 ù
43. (a) 2np
x£
£(2n + 1)p I(b) x Î
,nÎ - , - (c) x Î
- ,
By

ê2 ú ê ú
ë û ë3 3û

(d) x Î
[1, 0] (e) x Î
[1, e]

44. xÎ
(-
2, 3)

3 ö
æ
45. (a) x Î
(-
, 1)
µ (b) x Î
ç,µ
÷
2 ø
è

I.I.T. CIRCLE, Dhanbad PH : 9431502119 40

 EVEN FUNCTION

A function f(x) is said to be an even function if f(-

x) = f(x)
Even function is always symmetrical about the y-axis.

Example : 1 f(x) = x2 + cos

f(-x) = (- x)2 + cos (-x)
2
= x + cos x
f(-x) = f(x)
\ the function f(x) is said to be an even function.

Example : 2 f(x) = sin2x + ïxï + cos x

2
f(-x) = sin (- x) + ï-xï + cos(- x)
2
f(-x) = sin x + ï xï+ cos x
f(-x) = f(x)
\ the function is said to be an even function.

ODD FUNCTION
T. CIRCLE
Ix).I.= -
A function f(x) is said to an odd function, if f(- f(x) for all x.
O CWARDS
The graph of an odd function is symmetrical in
N
opposite
T quadrant.
O
REV UTIO

MP

f(x) = x3 + sin x
ETITION

Example : 1
OL

f(-x) = (- x)3 + sin (-

x)
3
=- x- sin x
3
=- (x + sin x)
f(-x) = - f(x)
\ the function f(x) is an odd function.

Example : 2 f(x) = sin x3 + x ï xï

3
f(- x) = sin (- x) + (- x)ï-xï
3
=- sin x - xï xï
=- [ sin x3 + x ïxï]
\ f(- x) = - f(x)
\ the function is an odd function.

I.I.T. CIRCLE, Dhanbad PH : 9431502119 41

 EXERCISE - 12

Even and odd Function

1. Show that the following function are odd
a kx
1+ æö 1-
x
(i) f(x) =k x (ii) f(x) =
log ç ÷
1-
a 1+
èxø
2 2
(iii) f(x) =
1+
x+
x -
1-
x+
x

y
2. Show that the following function are even
ax + x
a-

ar
(i) f(x) = x2 -
(ii) f(x) = x
2

a 2x +
1

iw
(iii) f(x) =x
a

3. Show that the following function are neither even nor odd.

(1+
(i) f (x) =
2x)9
.T (ii) f (x) = sin x + cos x
2x
Kr
4. Which of the following are odd or even or neither even nor odd.

(i) f (x) =
ax -
æ 1ö (ii) f (x) =
xç
çx
÷
÷ x +
sin2x
a +
è 1ø
1
-
ì
1ö ü
oj

2 2ï
æ ï3
(iii) f (x) =
x cosx -
sin x (iv) f (x) =
x siní
ç ÷ +
ýsin x
x
ï
è
îþø ï
an

x x
-
e -
e x Tan2 2
x
(v) f (x) =
2
x e-
(vi) f (x) =
x

ì 1 ü 1+
sin x ö
:M

æ
x 2 siní
(vii) f (x) = ý x 10 logç
(viii) f (x) = ÷
sin (1/x) þ
î 1-
èsin x ø

1-
æxö
(ix) f (x) =
log (x +x2 )
1+ (x) f (x) =
log ç ÷
1+
èxø
By

cos x ·
sin x
(xi) ö (x) =
[f (x) +
f( -
x)] [g (x) -
g (-
x)] (xii) f (x) =
tan x +
cot x
n
sin 4 x + cos 4 x f (x) -
é f (-
x) ù
(xiii) f (x) = (xiv) ö (x) =
ê
x+ x 2 tanx g (x) +
ë x) ú
g (- û

I.I.T. CIRCLE, Dhanbad PH : 9431502119 42

 x
æö 1-
t
(xv) f (x) =
loge ç÷
dx
òè
0
1+
tø

(xvi) f (x) =
x-
1 +
x-
2 +
x-
3 , then prove that f (x +
2) is an even function

ANSWER

4. (i) Even (ii) Neither

(iii) Even (iv) Odd

(v) Odd (vi) Odd

(vii) Odd (viii) Odd

(ix) Odd (x) Odd

(xi) Odd (xii) Even

(xiii) Odd (xiv) Odd if n is odd, Even if n is even

. C IR C L
(xv) Even I . I .T E
WAR(xvi)
DS Even
TO C
N
O
REV UTIO

MP
ETITION
OL

I.I.T. CIRCLE, Dhanbad PH : 9431502119 43

Periodic Function
A function f(x) is said to be periodic function, if it satisfy the condition f( x + T) = f(x) , "
xÎ
R.
Here T comes is a sequence and the least positive value of T is said to be the period of the
function.

EXERCISE - 13
1. Which of the following function are periodic? Also find the period if the function is periodic.

(i) f (x) = 10 sin 3x (ii) f (x) =

sin x

y
(iii) f (x) =
Tanx (iv) f (x) =
a sin ë x +
b cos ë x

ar
sin3 x
(v) f (x) = cos x 2
(vi) f (x) =

(vii) f (x) =
x-
[x] (viii) f (x) =
sin x +
{x}

iw
2. Find the periodic of function :
xö
æ .T
(i) f (x) =
Tan 3x +
sin ç÷ (ii) f (x) =
sin x +
cos x
3ø
è

sin 4 x +
(iii) f (x) = cos 4 x (iv) f (x) =
2 sin x +
3 cos 2x
Kr
ðx ðx
(v) f (x) =
sin sin
+
3 4

(vi) f(x) =
æ ðö æ ðö
sin ç
2ðx +
÷2sin ç
+ 3 ðx +
÷3sin 5 ðx
+
è 3ø è 4ø
oj

(vii) f (x) =
sin x +
sin x (viii) f (x) =
cos(cos x) +
cos (sin x)
an

(ix) f (x) =
cos ( sin x -
cos x ) (x) f (x) = e {3x}
sin (sin ( ð x) +

cos4ð x +
x- cos2ð x
[x]+
(xi) f (x) =
[sin 3 x] +
cos 6 x (xii) f (x) =
e
:M

ðx ðx
(xiii) f (x) =
3sin 4cos
+ (xiv) f (x) =
cos 3x +
sin 3 ð x
3 3
ðx ðx ln(sin x)
(xv) f (x) =
sin cos
- (xvi) f (x) =
e Tan 3 x -
+ cosec (3x -
5)
n! (n +
1)!
By

x x x x x
(xvii) f (x) =
sin x +
Tan +
sin 2 +
Tan 3 +
.......... . +
sin n-
1
Tan n
+
2 2 2 2 2
1
cos -
(xviii) f (x) = (cos x) (xix) f (x) =
x+
sin x

1
(xx) f (x) =
sin
x

I.I.T. CIRCLE, Dhanbad PH : 9431502119 44

 ANSWER
2ð
1. (i) (ii) Non Periodic Function
3
2ð
(iii) p (iv)
ë

(v) 2p (vi) Non Periodic Function

(vii) 1 (viii) Non Periodic Function

ð
2. (i) 6p (ii)
2

ð
(iii) (iv) 2p
2

(v) 24 (vi) 2

T. CIRCLE ð
(vii) Non Periodic Function I .I . (viii)
WARDS C 2
TO
N
O
REV UTIO

ð
MP

(ix) (x) 2
ETITION

2
OL

2ð
(xi) (xii) 1
3

(xiii) 6 (xiv) Does Not Exist

(xv) 2 [(n + 1) ! ] (xvi) 2p

n
(xvii) 2 p (xviii) 2 p

(xix) Non Periodic Function (xx) Non Periodic Function

I.I.T. CIRCLE, Dhanbad PH : 9431502119 45

Composite Function
h
Let us consider two maps f : A ® B and g : B ®C . we can define a new >
> >
map h : A ® C as follow. For any x Î A we can define h(x) = g [ f(x)]. A f B g
The function h so defined is called the composite of f and g and
written as h = gof (x) . Thus gof(x) = g[f(x)]. x f(x) h(x)
If should be followed clearly that to each x Î A the function
‘gof’ associated the g-value of the f-value of x. The composite
function is also called function of function. h(x) = g[f(x)]
EXERCISE - 14

y
1. If f(x) = cos x + sin x , find f (p
/ 2) .

ar
2
2. If f(x) = ax + bx + c , find f(0), f(a) , f(b).
4x
3. Let f(x) = ,prove that f(x) +
f (1-
x) =
1.
4x +2

iw
1 1ö
æ
4. x2 -
If f(x) = 2
,Prove that f(x) =
fç
- ÷
x xø
è

5. If f(x) =
x2
1-
x2
1+
, then prove that f (Tan è) =

b (x -a) a (x -b)
Cos2è
.T
6. If f(x) = - ,prove that f (a +
b) =
f (a) +
f (b).
Kr
b- a b- a

x-
1 f(x) - f(y) x- y
7. If f(x) = , prove that =
x+
1 1+ f(x).f(y) 1 +
xy
oj

xö
æ
8. If f(x) =
logx,Prove that f(x) is [Link] f(xy) and f ç
ç÷
y÷
èø
ì æ ü
an

xö
9. If f(x) =
cos (log x) then prove that 2f(x) . f(y) -
f(xy) +
í fç
ç÷
ý0
=
î è y÷
ø
þ

ìx-4 x<-9
:M

ï2
10. If f : R ®
R is defined as under f(x) =
x -
í 1 xÎ[-
9, 9]
ï
2x +5 x> 9
î
then evaluate f ( -
15), f (3), f (12) and f 0 f (5)
ì
ï3- x
1 for -
- 1£ x< 0
By

ï
ïx ðö
æ 2ð ö
æ
11. Given the function f(x) = íTan for 0 £x< ð then find f( -1), f ç÷, f ç÷ , f (4).
ï2 6ø
è è3 ø
ï x
ï 2
for ð £x£ 6.
î x - 2
ì 1,If x is a rational no.
12. Let f (x) =
í be a function from R to R where R is a set of real no .
î 0,if x is an irrational no.
Find : æ 1ö
(i) f ç÷ (ii) f ( 7 ) (iii)fof(1.4327) (iv)fof( 3 )
3ø
è

I.I.T. CIRCLE, Dhanbad PH : 9431502119 46

13. If f (x) = x2 +1 and g (x) = 3x then find f [g(x)] and g [f (x)]
x
14. If f(x) = loge x and g(x) = e then show that f o g (x) = g o f(x) = x.

15. Let f(x) = [x] and g (x) = IxI, the evaluate the following.

æ5ö æ 5ö 5ö æ
æ 5ö
(i) gof ç
- -
÷fog ç
- ÷(ii)gof ç-
÷fog ç÷(iii) (f +
2g) ( -
1)
è3ø è 3ø 3ø è
è 3ø

16. Px +
q
If y =
f(x) = , then show that f(y) =
x.
rx -
P
1

17. If f(x) = x n ) n , where a >

(a - 0 and n is positive integer then show that f [f(x)] =
x.

18. If f(x) =
sinx and g (x) =1-
x . Find gof(x) , fog(x) , gog(x) , fof(x).

19. If f(x) = x + 1 ; 0 £
x£
2, g(x) = I x I ; 0 £
x£
3 . Calculate (fog) x, (fof)x (gof) x, (gog) x.

20. If f(x) = -
1+ I x -
1I ; -
1£
x£
3 g(x) = 2 - ;-
I x +C1IIR 2 £
x £
2. Then find (fog) x and (gof) x.
T. CL
I .I . E
WA2RDS C
TOìx , -1£ x<
2
21. N =
Let two function are defined as g (x)
O

í
REV UTIO

MP

x+
î2, 2 £
x£
3
ETITION
OL

ì x+1, x £
1
and f(x) =
í find gof
2x +
î 1,1 <x£ 2.

1+
ìx; 0 £
x£
2
22. If f (x) =
í then find g (x) =
f [f(x)].
3-
îx; 2 <
x£
3

23. If f(x) = x2 + 1 and g (x) = 3x then find f [g(x)] and g [f (x)]

ANSWER

1. 1
3 2 2
2. f (o) = c, f(a) = a + ab + c, f(b) = ab + b + c

10. 15) = -
f(- 19, f(3) = 8, f(12) = 29, fof(5) = 53

ðö
æ 2ð ö
æ 2
11. f( -
1) =
2, f ç=
÷2-
3, f ç÷ =3, f(4) =
6ø
è 3 ø
è 7

12. (i) 1 (ii) 0 (iii) 1 (iv) 1

2
13. f [g(x)] = 32x + 1, g [f(x)] = 3.3x

15. (i) 1 (ii) 0 (iii) 1

I.I.T. CIRCLE, Dhanbad PH : 9431502119 47

18. gof(x) =
1-
sin x , fog(x) =
sin 1 -
x , gog(x) =
1-1-
x , fof(x) =
sin(sin x)

19. fog (x) = | x| +1; 0 £ x £ 2

fof (x) = x + 2 ; 0 £ x £ 1
gof (x) = | x +1| ; 0 £ x £ 2
gog (x) = | x| ; 0 £ x £ 3

20. fog(x) =
1+
-1-
x+
1 ; -
2£
x£
2

y
|
x-
gof (x) = 2- ;
1|-1 £
x £
2

ar
2
21. gof (x) = (x + 1 ) ; -
2 £
x £
1

2+
ìx ;0 £
x£
1
ï

iw
22. g(x) =
2-
íx ;1<x£
2
ï
4-
x 2< x£
3
î

23.
2x
fog (x) = 3 2 +1
gof (x) = 3x + 1
.T
Kr
oj
an
:M
By

I.I.T. CIRCLE, Dhanbad PH : 9431502119 48

 Inverse Function
Let f : A ®
B be a one-one and onto function, then there exist a unique function.
f f
> >
A B A B
a > 40 40 > a
b > 50 50 > b
c > 60 60 > c
d > 70 70 > d

g=B® A such that f(x) = y Þg (y) = x for all x Î

A, y Î
B. Then g is said to inverse of f.
Inverse function exist only the mapping is one-one onto.

EXERCISE - 15
1. Find the inverse of the function f (x) = 2x -
3
1 1
2. If : [1, µ
)®
[2, µ
) is given by f (x) =
x+ then find f - (x)
x
3. Find the inverse of the f (x) = 4x2 + 12x + 15

4. If the function f ; [ 1, µ
)® ) defined by f (x) = 2x ( x -
[1, µ 1)
is invertible then find f-
1
(x)

T . C IR C
x2 + I.I. functionLEthen find f (x)
-1
5. If f (x) =
loga (x + 1) is a bijective
WARDS C
TO
1. If gN(x) is the function whose graph is reflection of the graph
2
6. Suppose f (x) = (x + 1) for x ³ -
O
REV UTIO

MP

of f (x) with respect to the line y = x then find g (x).

ETITION
OL

ex -e-x
1
7. R and f (x) = is a bijective function then find f -
If f : R ® (x).
2
8. loge (x 2 +
Find the inverse of f (x) = 3x +
1), x Î
[1,3]

9. loge (x 2 +
Find the inverse of f (x) = 3x +
1), x Î
[1,3]

10. Find the inverse of the function f (x) = 5logex.

10 x - x
10 - 1
11. If f : R ®
(-
1,1) defined by f (x) = x x
-
is invertible then find f -.
10 + 10
ANSWER

x+ 3 x 3±
- x-
6
1. 2. 3.
2 x- 1 2

1±
1+4 log2 x x2 -
x± 4
4. 5. 6. x-
1
2 2
1 x
x2 + 3±
-5+4e x
7. ax )
(a - 8. loge (x + 1) 9.
2 2

1 x+
æ1ö
10. elog5 x 11. log10 ç ÷
2 1-
èxø
I.I.T. CIRCLE, Dhanbad PH : 9431502119 49
 Previous AIEEE/ DEC/ WB Questions
AIEEE 2004
1
1. sin - (x - 3)
The domain of the function f (x) =
2
9- x
(a) [2, 3) (b) [2, 3] (c) [1, 2] (d) 1, 2)

2. The range of the function f(x) = 7 -

x
Px-3 is :

(a) {1, 2, 3} (b) {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} (c) {1, 2, 3, 4} (d) {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}

y
AIEEE 2003
n

ar
3. If f : R ®
R satisfies f (x + y ) = f (x) + f(y) , for all x, y Î
R and f (1) = 7, then å
f(r) is
r=
1

7n 7(n +1) 7n (n +
1)
(a) (b) (c) 7n (n + 1) (d)

iw
2 2 2
3
4. log10 (x 3 -
Domain of definition of the function f (x) =2 + x) is :
4-x

5.
(a) (1, 2)
(c) (1, 2) È
(2, ¥
)

The function f (x) = x2 +

log (x + 1) is :
.T 1, 0) È
(b) (-
(d) (-
(1, 2)
1, 0) È
(1, 2) È
(2, ¥
)
Kr
(a) an even function (b) an odd function
(c) a period function (d) neither an even nor odd function
AIEEE 2002

1 éæ xö
ù
6. The domain of sin - log3 ç
ê is :
÷
ú
3ø
oj

ëè û
(a) [1, 9] (b) [-
1, 9] (c) [-
9, 1] 9, -
(d) [- 1]

UPSEAT 2005
an

x+
2
7. If y =
f (x) =, then
x+
1
(a) x = f (y) (b) f (1) = 3
:M

(c) y increases with x for x < 1 (d) f is a rational function of x

1é
æxö ù
8. If f(x) = cos (log x), then f (x) f(y) -
êfç
ç÷
+
÷f (xy)ú
has the value :
2ë
èyø û
(a) -
1 (b) 1 / 2 (c) -
2 (d) zero
By

UPSEAT 2002

9. Inverse the function y = 2x -

3 is :
x+ 3 x- 3 1
(a) (b) (c) (d) none of these
2 2 2x -3
x2 +
14x +
9
10. If x is real, then value of the expression 2 lies between
x +2x +
3
(a) 5and 4 (b) 5 and -
4 (c) -
5 and 4 (d) none of these

I.I.T. CIRCLE, Dhanbad PH : 9431502119 50

UPSEAT 2001

11. If f(x) = a cos (bx + c) + d, then range of f (x) is :

(a) [d + a, d + 2a] (b) [ a -
d, a + d]
(c) [ d + a, a -d] (d) [ d -
a, d + a]
1/2
éæ x2 ö
5x - ù
12. log10 ç
Domain of the function f (x) =
ê ç4 ÷ ú
÷is :
ëè ø û

(a) -
¥
< x < ¥ (b) 1 £
x£
4 (c) 4 £
x£
16 (d) -
1£
x£
1
2 -
1
13. If f(x) = 3x + 10, g (x) = x -
1, then (fog) is equal to :
1/2 1/2 1/2 1/2
x-
æ 7ö x+
æ 7ö x-
æ 3ö x+
3ö
(a) ç ÷ (b) ç ÷ (c) ç ÷ (d) æ
ç ÷
è3 ø è3 ø è7 ø è7 ø

ORISSA 2006

14. The domain of sin-

1
[log3(x / 3)] is

(a) [1, 9] (b) [-

1, 9] (c) [-
9, 1] 9, -
(d) [- 1]
. C IR C L
I . I .T E
WARDS C
TO
N æ x2 ö
5x -
O

log10 ç
The domain of the definition of the function f (x) = ÷
is :
REV UTIO

15.
MP

ç ÷
è4 ø
ETITION
OL

(a) [1, 4] (b) [1, 0] (c) [0, 5] (d) [5, 0]

ORISSA 2005
x2
16. Range of the function f (x) = is :
x2 +1
(a) (-
1, 0) (b) (-
1, 1) (c) [0, 1) (d) (1, 1)

ORISSA 2004

2x ö æ
æ 3x ö
17. The period of the function sin ç÷ +sin ç÷ is :
3 ø è
è 2 ø
(a) 2 p (b) 10 p (c) 6 p (d) 12 p
ORISSA JEE 2004

18. f (x) =x 2 is a function from R to R, then f (x) is :

x+

(a) injective (b) surjective (c) bijective (d) none of these

xö
æ
19. Let f (x) = sin (log x), then the value of f (xy) +
fç
ç÷
-
÷2f (x) cos (log y) is :
yø
è
(a) -
1 (b) 0 (c) 2 (d) 1

I.I.T. CIRCLE, Dhanbad PH : 9431502119 51

AMU 2001

20. If f(x) (x + ay, x -

ay) = axy, then f(x, y) is equal to :
2 2 2
x2 - y2 x2 - y2
(a) xy (b) x -
a y (c) (d)
4 a2
AMU 2000
21. The period of f (x) = x -
[ x ], if it is periodic, is :
1
(a) f (x) is not periodic (b) (c) 1 (d) 2

y
2
DEC 2002

ar
22. Domain of f(x) = log |
log x |is :
(a) (0, ¥
) (b) (1, ¥ ) (c) (0, 1) È
(, ¥
) ¥
,
(d) (-1)

iw
DEC 2000
1
23. The domain of the function f (x) = x+
+2 is :
log10 (1-
x)
(a) ]-3, -
(b) ]0, 1[

EAMCET 2006
2.5 [ È2.5, -
]- 2[
.T (b) [-
2, 0 [È ] 0, 1[
(d) none of these
Kr
ìx+4 for x<-4
ï
24. If : R ®
R is defined by : f (x) =
3x +
í 2 for 4£
- x< 4
ïx-4 for x³4
î
Then the correct matching of List I from List II is :
oj

List - I List - II
(A) f (- 5) + f(- 4) (i) 14
(B) f ( |f (- 8) | ) (ii) 4
an

(C) f ( f (- 7) + f ( 3 ) ) (iii) -11

(D) f ( f ( f ( f ( 0 ) ) ) ) + 1 (iv) - 1
(v) 1
(vi) 0
:M

(A) (B) (C) (D)

(a) (iii) (vi) (ii) (v)
(b) (iii) (iv) (ii) (v)
(c) (iv) (iii) (ii) (i)
(d) (iii) (vi) (v) (ii)
Rajasthan PET 2002
By

25. The domain of the function f(x) = sin-

1
[log2(x/2)] is :
(a) [1, 4] (b) [- 4, 1] (c) [- 1, 4] (d) none of these

26. The range of f(x) = cos (x / 3) is :

(a) (-
1 / 3, 1 / 3) (b) [- 1, 1] (c) {1 / 3, -
1 / 3} (d) (-
3, 3)

I.I.T. CIRCLE, Dhanbad PH : 9431502119 52

 Rajasthan PET 2001

27. The domain of the function f (x) =

log ( x -
4+
6-
x ) is :

(a) [4, ¥
) ¥
(b) (-
, 6) (c) [4, 6] (d) none of these

10 x - x
10 -
28. The inverse of the function is :
10 x + x
10 -
1 1+
æxö 1 xö 1
1-
æ æ2x ö
(a) log10 ç ÷ (b) log10 ç ÷(c) log10 ç ÷(d) none of these
2 1-
èxø 2 xø 4
1+
è 2-
è xø

Rajasthan PET 2000

29. If f R ®R , then f (x) = |
x|is :
(a) one-one but not onto (b) onto but not one-one
(c) one-one and onto (d) none of these

Kerala CEE 2005

30. áx
If f (x) = ,x ¹
1for what value of á is f (f (x)) =
- x?
x+1 C I R
T. (c)C1LE
(a) 2 (b) -2 I .I . (d)2 (e) -
1
WARDS C
TO
31. The domain of sin-
1
(og3 x) is : N
O
REV UTIO

1 ù
é
MP

(a) [-
1, 1] (b) [0, 1] (c) [0, ¥
] (d) R , 3ú
(e) ê
ETITION

3 û
ë
OL

Kerala CEE 2004

2
32. Let f : R ® R : f (x) = x and g : R ® R : g (x) = x + 5, then gof is :
2 2 2 2
(a) ( x + 5 ) (b) ( x + 5 ) (c) (x + 5 ) (d) ( x + 5 )
2
(e) ( x + 5)

33. 1éyö ù
æ
If f(x) = cos (loge x), then f(x) f (y) -fç
ê +
÷f (xy) has the value :
2ëxø ú
è û
(a) 1 (b) 1 / 2 (c) -
2 (d) 0
(e) -1

Kerala CEE 2002

34.
2x +1
Let the function f be defined by f(x) = , the f-
1
(x) is :
1- 3x
x-1 3x +
2 x+1
(a) (b) (c) (d) 2x +
1
3x +
2 x-2 3x -
2 1-
3x

35. 1+
x
If f (x) =
log , then f (x) is :
1-
x
(a) even function (b) f(x1) f (x2) = f(x1 + x2)

f (x 1 )
(c) f (x 1 -
= x2 ) (d) odd function
f (x 2 )

I.I.T. CIRCLE, Dhanbad PH : 9431502119 53

 2x +
1
36. If f(x) = , then (fof) (2) is equal to :
3x -
2
(a) 1 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 2
MP PET 2004
2x -1 1
37. If f (x) =,(x ¹5), then f - (x) is equal to :
x+ 5
x+ 5 1 5x +1 x- 5 1 5x -1
(a) , x ¹ (b) ,x ¹
2 (c) ,x ¹
-(d) ,x ¹
2

y
2x -1 2 2- x 2x -1 2 2- x

ar
x
38. If f(x) = , then (fo fo........ ....of (x) is equal to :
x- 1 1 4 44 2 4 4 4
3
19 times

iw
19
x æx ö 19 x
(a) (b) ç ÷ (c) (d) x
(x - 1) x-
è 1ø (x -1)

39. The domain of the function f (x) =

(a) [3 / 2, ¥
)
exp ( 5x -

(b) [1, 3 / 2]
3-
.T
2x 2 ) is

¥
(c) (-
, 1] (d) (1, 3 / 2)

Roorkee 1999 ; MP PET2002

Kr
40. The domain of the function log (x 2 -
6x +
5) is :

¥
,¥
(a) (-) (b) ( -¥, 3-
3)È
(3 +
3, ¥
)
oj

¥
,
(c) (-1
]È[
5
,¥
) (d) [0, ¥)
MP PET2000; Karnataka CET 2002
an

41. Suppose that g (x) =

1+
x and f (g) (x)) =
3+
2 x+
x then f (x) is :

(a) 1 + 2x2 (b) 2 + x2 (c) 1 + x (c) 2 + x

:M

ANSWER SHEET

1. a 2. a 3. d 4. d 5. d 6. a 7. a

8. d 9. a 10. c 11. d 12. b 13. a 14. a

15. a 16. c 17. d 18. c 19. b 20. c 21. c

By

22. c 23. b 24. a 25. a 26. a 27. c 28. a

29. d 30. e 31. e 32. e 33. a 34. a 35. b

36. d 37. b 38. a 39. b 40. c 41. b

I.I.T. CIRCLE, Dhanbad PH : 9431502119 54

 IIT-1999
x (x -
1) -
1
7. If the function f : [ 1, ¥
)®
[1, ¥
)
is defined by f (x) = 2 , then f
(x) is.
x (x -
1)
1 1
(a) æ
ç
ö
÷ (b) (1+
4 log2 x
2ø
è 2
1
(c) (1-
4 log2 x (d) Not defined
2
IIT-2000

8. The domain of definition of the function y (x) is given by the

x y
equation 2 + 2 = 2, is
(a) 0 < x £
1 (b) 0 £x£ 1
(c) - ¥ <x£ 0 (d) - ¥<x<1

9. For all x Î (0, 1)

x
(a) e < 1 + x (b) loge ( 1 + x ) < x
(c) sin x > x (d) loge x > x
x
10. Let f : ( 0, ¥
)®
R and F (x) = f (t) dt [Link].=C
ò IRCL (1+x), then f (4) equals
(x2)=x2
0 I. E
WARDS C
(a) 5/4 TO (b) 7
N
O
REV UTIO

(c) 4 (d) 2
MP
ETITION
OL

IIT-2001

-
ì1 x<
0
ï
11. Let g (x) = 1 + x - 0 x=
[x] and f(x) = í 0, then for all x, f [g (x)] is equal to.
ï
1 x>0
î
(a) x (b) 1
(c) f(x) (d) g(x)

1 1
12. If f : [1, ¥
)®
[2, ¥
) is given by f (x) =, then f -
x+ (x)
x
x2 -
x+ 4 x
(a) (b)
2 1+x2
x2 -
x- 4 2
(c) (d) 1 +
x -
4
2
2 log (x +
3)
13. The domain of definition of f (x) =
2
is
x + 3x +2
1, -
(a) R / {- 2} 2, ¥
(b) (- )
1, -
(c) R / {- 2, -
3} 3, ¥
(d) (- 1, -
) / {- 2}

14. Let E = {1, 2, 3,4} and F = {1, 2}. Then the number of onto functions from E to F is
(a) 14 (b) 16
(c) 12 (c) 8

I.I.T. CIRCLE, Dhanbad PH : 9431502119 55

 Previous Year IIT JEE Questions
IIT-1983

y
1. x-
Let f (x) = ½1½
. Then

ar
(a) f (x2) = {f (x)}2 (b) f ( x + y ) = f (x) + f (y)
(c) f (½x½ )=½ f(x)½ (d) None of the above

iw
2.
é1 æ
If f(x) = cos (log x), then f(x) . f(y) - xö ù
ê
ç fç÷
+f (xy) has the value
ú
2ë
èy÷
ø û

.T
1
(a) -
1 (b)
2

(c) -
2 Kr (d) None of these

1
3. The domain of definition of the function y = x+
+2 is
log10 (1-
x)
oj

3, -
(a) (- 2) excluding -
2, 5 (b) [0, 1] excluding 0.5
(c) (-
2, 1) excluding 0 (d) None of the above
an

4. Which of the following function is periodic?

(a) f (x) = x -
[ x ] where [ x ] denotes the greater integer less than or equal to the real number x.

1
:M

(b) f (x) =
sin for x ¹
0, f (0) =
0 (c) f (x) = x cos x
x
(d) None of these
IIT-1998
By

5 x)2, then.
If g {f (x)} = I sin x I and f { g (x)} = (sin Ö

2
(a) f (x) = sin x, g (x) = Ö
x (b) f (x) = sin x, g (x) = I x I
2
(c) f (x) = x , g (x) = sinÖ
x (d) f and g cannot be determined

6. 5, then f-
If f(x) = 3x - 1
(x)

1 x+ 5
(a) is given by (b) is given by
3x -5 3

I.I.T. CIRCLE, Dhanbad 9431502119, 9334350306 56

¦
unction
áx
7. Let f (x) =,x ¹
1. Then, for what value of a
- is f [f(x)] = x ?
x+1
(a) 2 2
(b) -

(c) 1 (d) -
1

IIT-2002
2
8. Suppose, f(x) = (x + 1) for x ³ - 1. If g(x) is the function whose graph is reflection of the graph of
f(x) with respect to the line y = x, then g (x) equals.
1
x-
(a) -1, x ³
0 (b) ,x >
1
-
(x +1) 2

(c) x +
1, x ³
1
- (d) x-
1, x ³
0
9. Let function f : R ®R be defined by f(x) = 2x + sin x for x ÎR. Then , f is
(a) one-to-one and onto (b) one-to-one but not onto
(c) onto but not one-to-one (d) neither one-to-one nor onto

IIT-2003
T. CIRCLE
x I .I . ARDS
W
10. If f : (0, ¥
)® ) and f (x) =
[0, ¥ TOf is :
, then C
1+ x N
O
REV UTIO

MP

(a) one-one and onto (b) one-one but not onto

ETITION
OL

(c) onto but not one-one (d) neither one-to-one nor onto

x2 +
x+
2
11. Range of the function f (x) =
2
;xÎ
R is
x +x+
1
(a) (1, ¥ ) (b) (1, 11 / 7)
(c) (1 / 7 / 3 (d) (1, 7 / 5)

1 ð
12. sin -
Domain of definition of the function f (x) = (2x) +for real value x, is :
6
1 1ù 1 1ù
(a) é
- , (b) é
- ,
ê
ë4 2ú
û ê2 2ú
ë û

(c) é
1 1ù (d) é
1 1
ù
-
ê , -,
ë2 9ú
û ê
ë4 4úû
IIT-2004

13. If f(x) = sin x + cos x, g (x) = x2 -

1, then g [f(x)] is invertible in the domain,
éðù éð ðù
0, ú
(a) ê (b) -
ê, ú
ë2û ë4 4û
éð ðù
-
(c) ê , (d) [0, p
]
ë2 2ú
û

I.I.T. CIRCLE, Dhanbad 9431502119, 9334350306 57

¦
unction
IIT-2011

14. Let f(x) = x2 and g(x) = sinx for all x Î

R. Then , the set of all s satisfying (fogogof) (x) = (gogof)
(x), where (fog) (x) = f(g(x)), is :

n ð ,n Î
(a) ± {0,1, 2,.....} n ð ,n Î
(b) ± {1, 2,.....}
ð
(c) 2n ð , n Î
{....,-
2,-
1,0,1,2,.. ..} (d) 2n ð , n Î
{....,-
2,-
1,0,1,2,.. ..}
2
IIT-1983

y
Fill in the blanks :
æð2 ö

ar
1. 3 sin ç -
The value of f (x) = x2 ÷
lie in the interval _________
ç16 ÷
è ø
IIT-1984

iw
æ x2 ö 1
-
2. sin ç
The domain of function f (x) = log2 ÷
ç is given by________ _
÷
è 2 ø
IIT-1985

3. If f (x) =
æ
sin log ç
ç
4-
1
x2 ö
x
-
÷
.T
, then the domain of f (x) is________ _
÷
è ø
Kr
IIT-1983

True / False
n 1/n
1. If f (x) = (a -
x ) , where a > 0 and n is a positive integer, then f [ f (x)] = x.
oj

IIT-1996

Analytical & Descriptive Questions

an

1. If f is an even function defined on the interval (-

5, 5), then four real values of x satisfying the
x+
é1ù
equation f (x) =
fêú
are....... ....
:M

x+
ë2û
By

I.I.T. CIRCLE, Dhanbad 9431502119, 9334350306 58

¦
unction
ANSWER

Objective Questions (only one correct option)

1. (d) 2. (d) 3. (c) 4. (a)

5. (a) 6. (b) 7. (b) 8. (d)

9. (a) 10. (b) 11. (c) 12. (a)

13. (b) 14. (a)

Fill in the blanks

é3 ù
1. 0,
ê ú 2. Domain Î2, -
[- 1] È
[1, 2]
ë2 û
3±
± 5
3. (-
2, 1) 4.
2
T. CIRCLE
I .I .
True or False WARDS C
TO
N
O
REV UTIO

MP

1. True
ETITION
OL

Analytical & Descriptive Question

3±
± 5
1. x=
2

I.I.T. CIRCLE, Dhanbad 9431502119, 9334350306 59