Modelling of High gain DC – DC converter for

EV Battery Charging Application

**Nataraj M, Santhosh G, Keerthiga S, Prasanth R * Kathiresan R , Assistant Professor Department of
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Electrical and Electronics Engineering , Knowledge Institute
Knowledge Institute of Technology, Salem, India. of Technology, Salem, India.
 Abstract— The proposed system represents the modelling of high investigated. These topologies provide high voltage
gain DC – DC converter. In this system we are integrate the
modified switched inductor (MSI), stage inductor and voltage
gain by stacking capacitor voltages while
multiplier. A conventional boost converter gain is limited, but our maintaining reduced component stress. However,
modified converter convert high gain voltage without losses and challenges such as high diode voltage stress and
stress. In our system switched inductor and voltage multiplier increased electromagnetic interference persist. To
increase the overall voltage gain without increase the duty cycle.
The proposed system reduces losses, improve efficiency and it is
address these issues, modified VMC structures
suitable for high voltage DC applications such as EV charging incorporating inductors have been proposed, which
and renewable energy system. The proposed converter operates help in reducing output ripple and improving overall
in Continuous Conduction Mode (CCM), and its steady-state system performance. Additionally, converters
voltage gain is analytically derived. Simulation results obtained
using MATLAB/Simulink validate the theoretical analysis and
integrating switched inductor and switched
demonstrate significant improvement in voltage gain and capacitor techniques simultaneously have
performance compared to conventional boost converters. The demonstrated improved gain characteristics along
topology is suitable for renewable energy systems, electric vehicle with reduced current stress and enhanced reliability.
applications, and high-voltage DC power supplies.
Keywords—High Gain DC-DC Converter, Modified Boost
Converter, Switched Inductor, Voltage multiplier. Dual-switch and multi-component network-based
converters have emerged as effective solutions for
I. INTRODUCTION achieving continuous input current and reduced
stress on switching devices. These converters utilize
High step-up DC–DC converters have gained synchronized switching strategies and hybrid SI–SC
significant attention in recent years due to their configurations to improve power handling capability
critical role in renewable energy systems, electric and efficiency. Experimental validations of such
vehicles (EVs), and DC microgrids. Conventional converters indicate their suitability for medium- to
boost converters are limited by high duty cycle high-power applications, particularly in EV
requirements, excessive voltage stress, and poor charging systems and distributed energy systems.
efficiency at high conversion ratios. To overcome
these limitations, numerous advanced topologies For EV applications, both step-up and step-down
incorporating switched inductors (SI), switched converters play crucial roles. Hybrid switched
capacitors (SC), coupled inductors, and hybrid inductor-capacitor network (HSICN)-based
networks have been proposed in the literature. converters have been proposed for high step-down
ratios in onboard chargers, offering reduced voltage
Recent studies have focused on enhancing voltage stress, lower conduction losses, and minimized
gain while reducing semiconductor stress and input passive component size. On the other hand, high-
current ripple. An ultrahigh step-up converter gain converters such as improved switched inductor-
utilizing a three-winding coupled inductor combined switched capacitor (iSISC) topologies are designed
with a switched capacitor network demonstrates for stepping up low photovoltaic (PV) voltages to
significant improvement in voltage gain with meet EV battery requirements, ensuring stable
reduced input ripple and minimized switch stress. operation and improved dynamic response.
The integration of quadratic boost structures further
enhances conversion efficiency while maintaining a Z-source and quasi-resonant switched capacitor
common ground configuration, making it suitable converters represent another class of advanced
for renewable energy applications. Similarly, topologies. These converters offer benefits such as
quadratic–cubic gain-based converters have been soft switching, reduced voltage stress, and improved
introduced to achieve higher voltage gain without efficiency. The integration of switched capacitor-
extreme duty cycles, thereby improving efficiency inductor networks into Z-source inverters enhances
and reducing switching losses. the boost factor while maintaining lower stress
across components. Moreover, quasi-parallel
Switched capacitor and voltage multiplier cell resonant converters enable wide input voltage
(VMC)-based converters have also been extensively
regulation and fast dynamic response, making them which effectively minimizes input current ripple.
suitable for applications requiring high efficiency During the OFF period, the inductors are
and adaptability. reconfigured in series, enabling the stored energy to
be transferred to the subsequent stage at an elevated
In addition, several studies have explored active voltage level.
switched-inductor and ladder-type voltage multiplier
configurations to achieve high voltage gain at lower
duty cycles. These designs reduce peak current D1
D2
L2
L4 C3

stress and improve efficiency, making them L1

D5 D4 D5 D0

attractive for low-voltage renewable sources such as D3

D4 s

fuel cells. Double self-lift (DSL) and quadratic Vpv

C0
RL

boost-based converters further enhance gain through L3 C2

hybrid inductor-capacitor arrangements while

C1

maintaining low stress on switching devices.

Fig.1. Proposed DC–DC Converter Circuit.

Despite these advancements, certain challenges

The boost converter stage operates on the
remain, including increased circuit complexity,
fundamental principle of energy storage and release
higher component count, and control difficulties in
using an inductor, controlled switch, diode, and
multi-cell configurations. Although many proposed
output capacitor. The switching action is governed
converters achieve high voltage gain and efficiency,
by Pulse Width Modulation (PWM), allowing
trade-offs between gain, stress reduction, and
controlled voltage amplification of the intermediate
system simplicity continue to be a key research
stage output.
concern. Therefore, ongoing research is focused on
developing optimized converter topologies that
Finally, a diode–capacitor-based voltage multiplier
balance high gain, reduced stress, low ripple, and
circuit is incorporated at the output stage. This
compact design while ensuring cost-effectiveness
circuit enhances the voltage gain by charging
and reliability.
capacitors during one interval and discharging them
to the load during another, thereby increasing the
In summary, the literature indicates a clear trend
output voltage significantly without the need for a
toward hybrid SI–SC-based converter structures,
high duty cycle. As a result, the overall converter
coupled inductor integration, and multi-stage gain
achieves high step-up performance while reducing
enhancement techniques. These approaches
voltage stress on the power switch and improving
significantly improve performance metrics
efficiency.
compared to conventional converters and provide
promising solutions for renewable energy III. OPERATING PRINCIPLE
integration and EV charging applications.
The operation of the proposed converter can be
explained by considering two main switching states. When the
II. PROPOSED CONVERTER CONFIGURATION
power switch is turned ON, the inductors in the switched
inductor stage are charged in parallel from the input source. At
The proposed DC–DC converter is structured into the same time, the boost inductor stores energy, while the
three integrated functional stages: a modified output capacitor supplies power to the load.
switched inductor stage, a conventional boost stage, When the switch is turned OFF, the inductors in the switched
and a voltage multiplier circuit, collectively inductor stage are connected in series through the diodes, and
designed to achieve high voltage gain with reduced the stored energy is transferred to the boost stage. The boost
circuit complexity. The modified switched inductor inductor then releases its energy to the output through the
stage employs two inductors along with multiple diode. Simultaneously, the voltage multiplier capacitors are
charged and discharged in a controlled manner, resulting in an
diodes. During the switch ON period, both inductors increased output voltage. The converter operates in Continuous
are energized in parallel from the input source,
Conduction Mode (CCM), which ensures stable and smooth
operation. =
IV. MATHEMATICAL ANALYSIS OF CONVERTER
Mode of Operation V. DESIGN FORMULA
Mode I ( Switch ON, 0<t<Dt) To calculate the necessary storage element of the required
When S is ON condition, Diodes in D4 and D5 are reverse values L1, L2, L3 and C1, C0 can be obtained from the below
biased condition, the switched inductors are charged in mentioned equations in the different mode of operation of the
parallel. The capacitors supply the load. proposed converter.
Apply the KVL, Input switched inductor loop The formula of the design calculations are as follows.
1. Main Inductor (L1)
L1 =
So, 2. Switched Inductor (LS)
Mode I ( Switch ON, 0<t<Dt)
When S is OFF condition, the inductor connected in series Ls =
mode and the energy transferred to supply and load. The
Multiplier Diodes D4 and D5 are forward biased condition. 3. Output capacitor (C0)

Apply the KVL for switched inductor loop C0 =

When OFF , inductors are in series Where

Vin- Input voltage
Apply the KVL for Boost and Lift capacitor loop
D-Duty ratio
Fs-Switching frequency
I0-Output Current of the converter.
Inductor Volt-Second balance Table.1. Circuit Element Specifications
Sl. No. Parameters Values
Substitute 1. Input voltage (Vpv) 80V
D( + (1-D) ( )=0 2. Output Voltage (Vout) 225V
Solve 3. Duty ratio (D) 0.431
L1=200µH ,
4. Inductors (L1,L2,L3) L2 ,L3=10m
Voltage lift stage H
The second boosting capacitor C1=20 µF,
5. Capacitors( C1 , C0)
C0=40 µF
Substitute
6. Load Resistance (R0) 15Ω
VI SIMULATION AND RESULT
To verify the theoretical analysis, the proposed converter is
= simulated using MATLAB/Simulink. A low DC input voltage
is applied, and the output voltage is observed under steady-
state conditions. The simulation results demonstrate that the
Voltage Multiplier stage converter successfully boosts the input voltage to a high DC
From the diode capacitor multiplier output value at a moderate duty cycle. The obtained output
For n-Stage multiplier voltage closely matches the calculated theoretical value, which
validates the accuracy of the mathematical model.
The final voltage conversion ratio
The results also indicate reduced voltage stress across the
Substitute power switch and improved voltage gain compared to the
conventional boost converter. These observations confirm the
= effectiveness of integrating the switched inductor and voltage
multiplier circuits.
In this circuit
n=2
 Fig.2. Input voltage waveform

Fig.2. Hardware Component Connection

Fig.2. Input voltage waveform

Fig.2. Hardware Component Connection

[Link] voltage waveform

VI. CONCLUSION
In this paper, a high gain Modified Switched Inductor Boost
Converter with a Voltage Multiplier Circuit has been
presented. The proposed converter achieves high voltage gain
without operating at extreme duty cycles, thereby reducing
voltage stress and improving efficiency. The operating
principle and mathematical analysis have been discussed in
detail, and the performance of the converter has been verified (ICIDeA), Bhubaneswar, India, 2025, pp. 1-6, doi:
through simulation. The proposed topology is suitable for high 10.1109/ICIDeA64800.2025.10963326.
step-up DC–DC conversion applications such as renewable 9. S. Habibi, R. Rahimi, M. Ferdowsi, and P. Shamsi, “A
energy systems and electric vehicles. General Method for Analyzing Single-Switch Step- Up
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