NCM 113: Community Health Nursing II

LEARNING MATERIAL #3
Topic VIII. ✔ Survey
Nursing Process in the Care of Population ✔ informant interview
Groups and Community: COMMUNITY HEALTH ✔ community forum, and
ASSESSMENT TOOLS
✔ focus group discussion
COMMUNITY ASSESSMENT b. Secondary Source of Data
- It is the keystone of CHN and it completes ● This are existing data that were
the community diagnosis obtained by other people which can
- This is used to derive the diagnoses in be used by the community health
community health nursing and will used to nurse
develop and implement interventions and ● It consists of the following:
strategies in the community. ✔ Vital registries
- Collects data on the three categories of ✔ Health records and reports,
community health determinants: people, and
place, and social system ✔ Publications
- Planned Approach to Community Health COLLECTING PRIMARY DATA
(PATCH) is a community health planning 1. Observation
model that builds on a set of quantitative and
- Extracting information from subjects by
qualitative data for profiling
observing their behaviors and environment.
Approaches in conducting Community - It provides an opportunity to validate verbal
Assessment: statements made by the community people.
a. Comprehensive Needs Assessment - This is an important and useful method
● gathering of information about the when informants are unable to give
entire community using a systematic information or inaccurate data.
process to identify actual and - Two types of observation:
potential health problems a. Rapid Appraisal
b. Problem Oriented Assessment – done through an ocular or
● it focuses on a particular aspect of windshield survey
health. – Ocular survey is done through
● The nurse collects data with a certain walking in the community
problem in the community, then – Windshield survey is done by
proceeds to gather information from driving or riding a vehicle
the aggregate vulnerable to the appreciating what can be seen
problem. and perceived every day of their
● This is done when comprehensive lives.
assessment of the community has b. Participant Appraisal
been previously done. – the nurse needs to immerse with
COMMUNITY ASSESSMENT TOOLS the community where they
conduct the study. This method
- It guides the data collector to decide on the
determines the lifestyle pattern,
instruments to the be used in data collection
the beliefs, norms, values,
- the sources of data are categorized into priorities, concerns, and power
primary and secondary data. or influence structures in the
a. Primary Source of Data community.
● Data that are directly obtained.
● These are data that have not been 2. Survey
gathered before - Made up of series of questions for
● It is collected through systematic collection of data from a
✔ Observation family or individuals in a community,
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 - It can be written or oral 5. Focus Group Discussion
✔ Comprehensive needs - It is a qualitative research technique
assessment - collection of data utilized for its value in understanding and
from a random sample of the documenting human behavior
population - made up of smaller group which consists
✔ Problem-oriented assessment - of 6 to 12 members only
purposive sampling - members are homogenous
- a survey is also appropriate for - this is effective in the assessment of
determining the community attitudes, health need for a specific group of
knowledge, health behaviors, and people in the community.
perceptions of health and health ✔ In the conduct of focus group discussion, the
services nurse must set characteristics of the
- an opportunity of the people to be more participants in terms of:
aware of the community problems and ▪ Those characteristics that will be
its effects. common to them
▪ Those characteristics that will
3. Informant Interview
differentiate them from each other
- It involves asking and answering
questions following a systematic COLLECTING SECONDARY DATA
procedure aimed at yielding first-hand
information from the subject of inquiry. 1. Registry of Vital Events
- Purposeful talks with the key informants of - In 1930, the Civil registry system in the
any member in the community Philippines was established; also known
- It can be done in two ways: as
● Structured interview - the nurse Act 3753 (Civil Registration Law)
directs the talk based on an - Act 3753 records the civil status of
interview guide persons, in which shall be entered:
● Unstructured interview – the ● births
nurse directs the talk based on an ● deaths
interview guide, the informant will ● marriages
guide the talk ● annulments of marriages
● divorces
Key Informants ● legitimations
● adoptions
Formal and informal community ● acknowledgment of natural
leaders children
● naturalization
● changes of name.
e.g. local government leaders, school
4. Community Forum
- presidents,
Is an open business
meeting of leader
the members of - RA 7160 (Local Government Code)
the community assigned the function of civil registration
- It is an effective tool in providing he to local governments and mandated the
people with a medium for expressing appointment of Local Civil Registrars
their views and develop their capacity to
influence decision makers ⮚ Civil Registrations and Vital
Statistics provides a realistic
- Used in informing about secondary data,
basis for program planning and
validation of data and gathering
implementation. Birth and death
feedback from themselves.
registries are important since they
are sources of fertility and
mortality data to the nurse.

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 ⮚ The birth of a child should be
registered within 30 days from the
occurrence of the birth at LCR The National Statistics Authority (NSO) now,
Office where the birth occurred. Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA) generates the
⮚ Physician who attended the general-purpose statistics:
deceased shall prepare the death Population
certificate certifying the cause of Employment
Prices
death and must be forwarded to
Family income expenditures
the health officer within 48 hours.
⮚ The registration of death shall be
made within 30 days from the - During census, people may be assigned
occurrence of death to the Local to a locality:
Civil Registry Office where the a. De Jure – based on legally
death occurred. established place of residence of
people
2. Health Records and Reports b. De Facto – actual physical
- Executive Order No. 352, the Field location of people
Health Service Information System
(FHSIS) is the official recording and METHODS TO PRESENT COMMUNITY DATA
reporting system of the DOH. - Data presentation will depend largely on the
- This is an essential tool in monitoring the type of data obtained.
health status of the population at - Descriptive data are presented in narrative
different levels. reports while numerical data are presented
- It is a basis for: into tables or graphs
✔ Priority setting by the government
Community data are presented for the following
✔ Planning and decision making at
purposes:
different levels
1. To inform the health team and members of
✔ Monitoring and evaluating health the community of existing health ad health
program implementation related conditions in the community in an
3. Disease Registries easily understandable manner
- Is a listing of persons diagnosed with a 2. To make members of the community
specific type of disease in a defined appreciate the significance and relevance of
population. health information to their lives
3. To solicit broader support and participation in
- It serves as a basis for monitoring,
the community health process
decision making, and program
4. To validate feelings
management.
5. To allow wider perspective in the analysis of
▪ The Department of Health
data
manages registries for HIV/ AIDS,
6. To provide a basis for better decision making
cancer, diabetes mellitus, chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease
▪ Renal Disease Control Program
manages the Philippines Rena
Disease Registry
4. Census Data
- It is a periodic governmental
enumeration of the population
- The Philippine Statistics System (PSS)
provides statistical information and
services to the public.
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Graphs For Presenting Community Data D. A Scatter plot or diagram – to show
correlation between two variables. The
A. Bar Graph – to compare values across
values of both variables in subjects are
different categories of data plotted in a graph with an x-axis and y-axis.

B. Line Graph – to have a visual image of

C. Pie Chart – to show percentage distribution

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