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Digital Image Processing Lab File

This lab file outlines a comprehensive workflow for processing satellite data using QGIS, covering steps from data downloading to image classification. Key processes include data import, clipping, stacking, mosaicking, and calculating various indices like NDVI, NDBI, and NDWI. The final output involves preparing thematic maps and conducting an accuracy assessment to validate the classifications.

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Ashmita Ghosh
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4 views5 pages

Digital Image Processing Lab File

This lab file outlines a comprehensive workflow for processing satellite data using QGIS, covering steps from data downloading to image classification. Key processes include data import, clipping, stacking, mosaicking, and calculating various indices like NDVI, NDBI, and NDWI. The final output involves preparing thematic maps and conducting an accuracy assessment to validate the classifications.

Uploaded by

Ashmita Ghosh
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Digital Image Processing Lab File (QGIS)

This lab file provides a simple, step-by-step practical workflow for handling satellite data in
QGIS, from downloading to classification. Screenshots or pictures should be added at each
step when preparing the actual lab file.

1. Data Downloading

Sources: IRS, USGS datasets.

Steps:

Visit USGS Earth Explorer

Select Area of Interest (AOI).

Choose dataset (e.g., Landsat 8,).

Download GeoTIFF format.

2. Data Import in QGIS

Open QGIS.

Use Layer → Add Layer → Add Raster Layer.

Browse and load downloaded satellite images.

Ensure correct projection (EPSG code).


3. Clipping (Subset)

Use Raster → Extraction → Clip Raster by Mask Layer.

Input raster: satellite image.

Mask layer: shapefile of AOI.

Output: clipped raster covering study area.

4. Stacking (Band Combination)

Use Raster → Miscellaneous → Build Virtual Raster (VRT).

Select multiple bands (e.g., Red, Green, Blue, NIR).

Create a stacked composite.

5. Mosaicking

Use Raster → Miscellaneous → Merge.

Input: multiple raster tiles.

Output: single mosaic raster.

6. NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index)


Formula: (NDVI = \frac{NIR - Red}{NIR + Red})

Use Raster Calculator.

Expression: ("Band_NIR" - "Band_Red") / ("Band_NIR" + "Band_Red").

Output: NDVI raster.

7. NDBI (Normalized Difference Built-up Index)

Formula: (NDBI = \frac{SWIR - NIR}{SWIR + NIR})

Use Raster Calculator.

Expression: ("Band_SWIR" - "Band_NIR") / ("Band_SWIR" + "Band_NIR").

Output: NDBI raster.

8. NDWI (Normalized Difference Water Index)

Formula: (NDWI = \frac{Green - NIR}{Green + NIR})

Use Raster Calculator.

Expression: ("Band_Green" - "Band_NIR") / ("Band_Green" + "Band_NIR").

Output: NDWI raster.


9. Image Classification

Unsupervised Classification:

Use Raster → Miscellaneous → K-means clustering.

Choose number of classes (e.g., 5).

Output: classified raster.

Supervised Classification:

Create training samples using Training Sample Manager.

Run Maximum Likelihood Classification.

Output: thematic map of Land Use/Land Cover (LULC).

10. Accuracy Assessment

Compare classified raster with reference data.

Generate confusion matrix.

Calculate overall accuracy and kappa coefficient.

11. Final Output


Prepare thematic maps (NDVI, NDBI, NDWI, LULC).

Add legends, scale bar, north arrow.

Export maps via Project → Layout Manager → New Print Layout.

Notes:

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