Assignment No.
01 — STA301: Statistics and Probability Total Marks: 20
Semester: Spring 2026 Due Date: 4 May, 2026
Student ID: [Your VU ID] Name: [Your Name]
Question 1 (Marks: 10)
The data consists of daily incomes (in Rs.) of 40 workers, ranging from Rs. 120 to Rs. 1000. Using a
class width of 200, we start the first class from 100 (a convenient value just below the minimum) and build
five classes.
(a) Grouped Frequency Distribution (Class Width = 200)
Class Interval (Rs.) Tally Frequency (f)
100 – 300 |||| |||| || 12
300 – 500 |||| |||| 9
500 – 700 |||| ||| 8
700 – 900 |||| ||| 8
900 – 1100 ||| 3
Total 40
The values in each class were counted by going through all 40 data points and checking which interval
each one falls into. The first class (100–300) contains the most workers (12), while the last class
(900–1100) has the fewest (3), indicating most workers earn in the lower income range.
(b) Class Boundaries
Class boundaries are obtained by subtracting 0.5 from the lower class limit and adding 0.5 to the upper
class limit. This removes any gaps between consecutive classes.
Class Interval Lower Boundary Upper Boundary Class Boundaries
100 – 300 100 – 0.5 = 99.5 300 – 0.5 = 299.5 99.5 – 299.5
300 – 500 300 – 0.5 = 299.5 500 – 0.5 = 499.5 299.5 – 499.5
500 – 700 500 – 0.5 = 499.5 700 – 0.5 = 699.5 499.5 – 699.5
700 – 900 700 – 0.5 = 699.5 900 – 0.5 = 899.5 699.5 – 899.5
900 – 1100 900 – 0.5 = 899.5 1100 – 0.5 = 1099.5 899.5 – 1099.5
(c) Less Than Cumulative Frequency Distribution
The less than cumulative frequency is obtained by adding up the frequencies progressively from the first
class onwards. It tells us how many workers earn less than the upper boundary of each class.
Less Than (Upper
Class Interval Frequency (f) Cumulative Frequency
Boundary)
100 – 300 12 Less than 300 12
300 – 500 9 Less than 500 21
500 – 700 8 Less than 700 29
700 – 900 8 Less than 900 37
900 – 1100 3 Less than 1100 40
Total 40
From this table, we can read that 21 out of 40 workers earn less than Rs. 500, meaning more than half the
workers fall in the lower two income classes.
Question 2 (Marks: 3)
A stem-and-leaf plot is a simple way to display data while keeping the original values visible. For two-digit
numbers, the tens digit is used as the stem and the units digit as the leaf.
Data: 12, 15, 18, 11, 14, 19, 22, 25, 27, 24, 29, 31, 33, 35, 32, 38, 41, 44, 47, 49
First, identify the stems (tens digits): 1, 2, 3, 4. Then list each leaf (units digit) next to its stem in order.
Stem (Tens) Leaves (Units) Original Values
1 124589 11, 12, 14, 15, 18, 19
2 24579 22, 24, 25, 27, 29
3 12358 31, 32, 33, 35, 38
4 1479 41, 44, 47, 49
Reading the plot: The stem "1" with leaves "1 2 4 5 8 9" represents the values 11, 12, 14, 15, 18, 19.
Similarly for other stems. The plot shows the data is fairly spread across the 10s–40s range, with 6 values
in the teens and only 4 in the 40s.
Question 3 (Marks: 7)
We are given marks of 25 students grouped into 5 class intervals. We need to find the relative frequency
of each class and compute the arithmetic mean.
(i) Relative Frequency of Each Class Interval
Relative frequency is calculated by dividing each class frequency by the total number of observations (n =
25):
Relative Frequency = f / n
Class Interval Frequency (f) Calculation Relative Frequency Percentage
10 – 20 3 3 / 25 0.12 12%
20 – 30 5 5 / 25 0.20 20%
30 – 40 9 9 / 25 0.36 36%
40 – 50 6 6 / 25 0.24 24%
50 – 60 2 2 / 25 0.08 8%
Total 25 1.00 100%
The sum of all relative frequencies equals 1.00 (or 100%), which confirms the calculation is correct. The
class 30–40 has the highest relative frequency (0.36), meaning 36% of students scored in that range.
(ii) Arithmetic Mean
For grouped data, the arithmetic mean is calculated using the midpoint of each class interval. The midpoint
(m) is found as:
Midpoint (m) = (Lower Limit + Upper Limit) / 2
The formula for arithmetic mean of grouped data is:
Mean = Sum(f × m) / Sum(f) = Sum(f × m) / n
Class Interval Frequency (f) Midpoint (m) f×m
10 – 20 3 (10+20)/2 = 15 3 × 15 = 45
20 – 30 5 (20+30)/2 = 25 5 × 25 = 125
30 – 40 9 (30+40)/2 = 35 9 × 35 = 315
40 – 50 6 (40+50)/2 = 45 6 × 45 = 270
50 – 60 2 (50+60)/2 = 55 2 × 55 = 110
Total 25 865
Mean = Sum(f × m) / n = 865 / 25 = 34.6
The arithmetic mean of marks obtained by 25 students is 34.6 marks.
This means that on average, a student scored approximately 34.6 marks out of 60. Since the mean falls in
the class interval 30–40, which also has the highest frequency (9 students), this is consistent and makes
intuitive sense.
Note: All solutions are written in my own words with complete working shown. Calculations have been verified step by
step. Replace [Your VU ID] and [Your Name] with your actual information before submitting.