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Unit III SQL

The document provides an overview of SQL commands and functions, including Data Definition Language (DDL) for creating and altering database structures, and Data Manipulation Language (DML) for inserting, updating, and deleting records. It also covers various SQL functions such as aggregate functions, mathematical functions, and string manipulation functions. Additionally, it discusses the basic structure of SQL queries and their syntax.

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4 views10 pages

Unit III SQL

The document provides an overview of SQL commands and functions, including Data Definition Language (DDL) for creating and altering database structures, and Data Manipulation Language (DML) for inserting, updating, and deleting records. It also covers various SQL functions such as aggregate functions, mathematical functions, and string manipulation functions. Additionally, it discusses the basic structure of SQL queries and their syntax.

Uploaded by

xakes87022
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
t gnipulating relational (Ab ke co [Mon= Tag. red by al) major RoBnms ia Prostave SQL, Oracle, SQL Sesver) S 1 S [pesmi dara _de¥inition, manipulation, « Bier features . y S | [os SQL Components : a | ipok CData_ Definition Language )- -~ | defines Schema C Create, Alter, Dio p) apm Cd Mani j Li y= [manipulates data Insert. Update , delede> |BQt Cpata Guew Language) ~ { queries dota _Cselect > aloce ¢ Sara Cont Language )_- commls _accesS_(C Grant, Revohe>_ -|TeLeC Transaction. -Comtyol| Language) = manages kcansactions C_Commit , Roll back Save point ) DOL Commands _¢ Data _ Definition Language Ceeate =. Creates 9. new table, view) oy _dodabase sharcture Lenton: Create table Student ¢ \ udent -\D INT pvimay Key \ Name Varchay (52 not nal) ; |__9epk “varenar C10), 908 DATE) 5 @ scanned with OKEN Scanner Alter _- Used +o modify an existing fx, Alter table student Add email varg Tf Cty Alter table student ie a hag Coase Alte table student dp column + DoB S:l| DROP = Deleres a database Object petmanenthy Diop table __ student ; Once _dwpped, all data t stucture gee lost . 32 || DML Commands C pasa Plani pulation Ll Insert _- Adds new) seconds jnto a table . Lnsert Into Student values (Jol, ? Anjali’ ‘ecA', '12-12-2025') 5 Insert Into Student CStudent 1D, Name? values ( 102, ' Nikita’ D3 2. yy ul if ii Ast el ve 3 = ‘NT! Student. WD = \ol 3 $.l| Deleve - Removes secords From _a_ table. Meleke From student where student. ID = lo2 ; without q_odnere clause all wows ase deleted - $-4|| Basic _stucture of SOL Seleck Query + Syntax z aect column list fmm table-name where condition Group By _¢ vin - (rio. order By column case | pesci: Ee. Select Nome, Dept. from Student where’ —— Dept = ‘cs’ order By ASC; @ scanned with OKEN Scanner /Tosncle spParts—< a Ap of functions these L 3 ‘aly i | fun Aigferen of (a Sosa Function + \ (syntax: ae Cdata) a (Ley. SGL> Select Ags (200) from Dual: | olp 4 206 [Cet Function : [4 return. the smallest Integer |_aveaxer equal a | ayprow CETL Cdeura> eg, SGL> Select 74-58) eel Wein (te olp >» 15 FLOoR Function + 1k returns tne largest integer less tan or equal 40 dada . Syntoa_: Flog C data : Go, SQL > Select FLOOR (14S) from Duo! oP > 714 ee 4. pop funcon : It vetuens thi modulus as_semal- \ Syntax: prod C dota yD leo. S8LY elect Mad CII, 2) from Dual § rt @ scanned with OKEN Scanner os fet] | Ane power of yas given ela e [oynkam 2 Power Cdafa »¥) Bg SQL > Select Power C9, 25 rar Oud 5 ~ oip = 4 Round function , 1k rounds wp the data 4o Specified number of aecima! places Syntax : ROUND C data, nd Eg. SQL> Select Round ¢123'5 0) frm dual. O|P >» j24 aa ect Roun. 123-58, 1) I, OlP > 123-6 | ‘ Sart Function + Ik aeturnS the Square wot of city Syntax : Sart Cdaka> Lig, SQL Y Select SORTCBID From dual ; olp > 4 $.|Teunc function - 1k tyunettes the data tp _the Specified be. ‘cimal places Trane. Cdata nD Eg. SEL > Select tyne C23. 55 , 1D fam dud G6 {Pp > 1235 b)| Aggseqate Functions CT They am also“ Known functions Tnese functions ve _as _follons = YG Function Average valu: Bg, Select. : fivg .¢ basic) from Salary Bn 4 @ scanned with OKEN Scanner i Aunction «1k sums tne values, Seer sun Chasic) «fom salary; 4. [Noviance function : To find the variance of she. | argument specifi ied» leo, Select variance Clasic) from salaw i Linixcop Catia) : Fivsi_ ledter Xo. uppercase lea, Sele mikcap CANTALI') fiom dual ; ©1P. Pnjats -Nengtinc datas + Leratin of the sifting Teg Salect_length @pnjali) fom dual, cae cical duo 5 Se Tipe Onwty 9787 From duel > o\p : j-U @ scanned with OKEN Scanner : aa © acllinety C dara, 22: find the location of Shing x Eg Select Instec 'GGSsiPu Delhi’ ypu" Fr dug 6IP =» 4 Sl \nete C data, X, 3°) N) + Find the Location of the Ln _ovccirance shring inte Shing dake koxting fron tne position © - Bug, Select Instr "GS 1PU, Delhi"; *2' 4 oD fey l OIP > 12 "4 occurance of 19 dasa, G.I) Sk Capy 2. z cr IL t 5 o[p » 955 —— eg Select greatest CTo date. C'26 = Tan 49’ > H To -date C26 - Bug'-02'>) form dual + GIP 4» 96: Aug = b tT | Least Cexpet expr 2 CepeS, 1) tleast valiee Pq, Select lease (85 95+S) 74-4) Pym dual , 6IP 74-4 ad l Comversion _ Functton_+ 1 Ii To. Chay function: To Covert a mae oo aust to acharacter: eiing et Sg.,—Select _To-chat C Sysdate | "MonTH’) Agpn dual, OIP 4 Plarch Select To chat C Syadare , "dd J mms yyy") fom duals oIP » 04 /o3] 2004 2] Nvi function + To substitute Qny NULL value colt 4 uses Specified value "| @ scanned with OKEN Scanner Function + | | | Dake —?T pad amantns Cdote _ count): pu eg, Select add. mnths C'4 mar. 2000", 2 fiom Fatt) Play - 2004 - : eipa 4- | Last. day. C dare) : [eo Select last day C!4 = Plar= 2009 ')_-fom i Tapia a) mor = 2004 Months. benween Cdare 2 date 1) + ; berween ¢15-Tan-24 Ra, select months = “ ‘ Vgo- Mar -49 ui) fom dual oP > 2+ 16124 @ scanned with OKEN Scanner @ scanned with OKEN Scanner ies . sesh) n/ Ow aence . access) i Ssabili @ scanned with OKEN Scanner e Studies? Simple Retrieval + Select Name, tf otud ere.

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