What does it happen when an aircraft stalls?
lift and drag increase
lift increases and drag decreases
lift decreases and drag increases
The friction drag
Does not depend on speed
Does not depend on temperature
Does not depend on the shape
How is the horizontal component of the lift when an aircraft is banked?
it will oppose the weight
it will tend to put the aircraft nose up
it will tend to make the aircraft follow a circular path
Why can't we use ideal fluid to compute aerodynamic forces?
An ideal fluid has zero lift
An ideal fluid has zero aerodynamic forces
An ideal fluid has zero drag
Which parameter must be maximum to have maximum range on a propeller aircraft?
E*root(Cl)
E/root(Cl)
In the glide I cover the greater distance when I have
None of the other answers
Maximum lift
Maximum efficiency
Aerodynamic forces depend on
The square of the velocity
The cube of the velocity
The velocity
Very low aspect ratio are typical of
Gliders
Fighters
General aviation aircraft
What is the best speed?
The maximum value of the engine thrust
The minimum consumption per hour
The minimum consumption per flown kilometre
In which layer of atmosphere the temperature decreases with a rate of 6,5 degrees Celsius per 1000 meters?
the stratosphere
the troposphere
the tropopause
An aircraft banks into a turn. No change is made to the airspeed or angle of attack. What does it happen?
the aircraft enters a side slip- " _ and begins to lose altitude
the aircraft turns with no loss of height
the aircraft yaws
Which of the following surfaces gives stability about the longitudinal axis?
the wing ailerons
the vertical tailplane
the horizontal tailplane
What is the point of stagnation?
The point with lower speed
The point with lower pressure
The point with lower temperature
What is the load factor?
an indication about manoeuvres that an aircraft is performing
a visual aid to pilot at stalling speed
an indication of the better position for flaps installation
How is the relative thickness of thin airfoils?
greater than 0.1
lower than 1 and greater than 0.04
lower than 0.08
The quantity of water vapour that can be contained in an air mass depends on the temperature
It also depends on humidity
It also depends on pressure
It also depends on altitude
When does skid happen during a flat turn?
When the centrifugal force is bigger than the centripetal
Never
When the centripetal force is bigger than the centrifugal
During the take-off run, is the wheel friction proportional to which formula?
the sum between lift and drag
the ratio between lift and weight
the difference between weight and lift
What does the Paradox of D'Alambert say?
if an airfoil moves at the speed of sound in a perfect fluid, the resistance would be null
if a body, of any shape, moves with linear translation motion in a perfect fluid, the resistance would be null
if a body, of any shape, moves with linear translation motion in a perfect fluid, the resistance cannot be
zero
The drag is
Parallel to the relative wind
None of the other answers
Parallel to the chord
How much does the water vapour weight?
Like the air
Less than- the air
More than the air
The pitch is a movement around the
Longitudinal axes
Lateral axes
Vertical axes
What does the economy cruise represent?
the minimum consumption per hour
the minimum consumption per flown kilometer
the maximum value of the engine thrust
What does an aspect ratio of 6 mean?
the wing area is six times the span
the mean chord is six times the thickness
the wing span is six times the mean chord
Which is the value of the atmospheric pressure at sea level?
1.033 Kg/cm2
76 Pa
29.92 Kg/cm2
What is the transition point on a wing?
it is the point where the flow separates from the wing surface
it is the point where the boundary layer flow changes from laminar to turbulent
it is the point where the flow divides to pass above and below the wing
As the angle of attack decreases, what does it happen to the centre of pressure?
it moves forward
it moves rearwards
centre of pressure is not affected by angle of attack decrease
During the stall the separation point
moves backward
does not move
moves forward
What is the function of the deployment of the flaps?
they increase the lift coefficient
they decrease the angle of attack
they decrease the aircraft weight
During take-off, when do I have maximum lift coefficient?
During take-off run phase
During climbing phase
During manoeuvre phase
Which influence has on the drag a big aspect ratio?
It reduces the form drag
It reduces the friction drag
It reduces the induced drag
Who decides the ISA?
The ICAO
The pilot
The ATC
What is the transition point on a wing?
it is the point where the flow separates from the wing surface
it is the point where the boundary layer flow changes from laminar to turbulent
it is the point where the flow divides to pass above and below the wing
What is the effect of winglets?
Reduce form drag
Reduce induced drag
Reduce probability of stall
Which parameter must be maximum to have maximum range on a propeller aircraft?
E*root(Cl)
E/root(Cl)
Which is the unit of measurement of drag co efficient?
Newton/Area
Newton/Second
None of the other answers
What does the Paradox of D'Alambert say?
if a body, of any shape, moves with linear translation motion in a perfect fluid, the resistance cannot be
zero
if an airfoil moves at the speed of sound in a perfect fluid, the resistance would be null
if a body, of any shape, moves with linear translation motion in a perfect fluid, the resistance would be
null
When does slip happen during a banked turn?
When the centripetal force is bigger than the centrifugal
Never
When the centrifugal force is bigger than the centripetal
Very low aspect ratio are typical of
General aviation aircraft
Fighters
Gliders
Which parameter must be maximum to have maximum range on a jet aircraft?
E*root(Cl)
E/root(Cl)
What is the service ceiling?
the altitude at which the required power is equal as the available power
an altitude at which the aircraft has maximum efficiency
the altitude at which the aircraft can have a climb speed of 0.5 m/s
When concave-convex profiles are used?
on high-speed aircrafts
on gliders or slow aircrafts
on helicopter blades
The stagnation point
Depends on the temperature
Moves along the body
Has a constant position around the body
Which of the following sentences is true considering lift and weight directions?
lift acts at right angles to the relative airflow and weight acts vertically down
lift acts at right angles to the wing chord line and weight acts vertically down
lift acts at right angles to the relative airflow and weight acts at right angles to the aircraft centre line
How do you increase induced drag?
Increasing the angle of attack
Increasing the wing area
Increasing the aspect ratio
A streamline is always
tangent to the force
tangent to the vortex
tangent to the velocity
Where is the service ceiling?
Above the aircraft ceiling
At the same height of the aircraft ceiling
Below the aircraft ceiling
In which layer of atmosphere the temperature decreases with a rate of 6,5 degrees Celsius per 1000
meters?
the troposphere
the tropopause
the stratosphere
How is the amount of water vapour capacity in the air (humidity capacity)?
it doesn't have a significant difference with the temperature
it is greater in a colder day, and lower in a hotter day
it is greater in a hotter day and lower in a colder day
What is the function of the deployment of the flaps?
they increase the lift coefficient
they decrease the aircraft weight
they decrease the angle of attack
Which is the best situation for landing and take-off?
Crosswind
Tailwind
Headwind
What is the transversal stability?
Around the transversal axes
Around the longitudinal axis
Around the vertical axes
What does it happen when an aircraft stalls?
lift decreases and drag increases
lift increases and drag decreases
lift and drag increase
When does skid happen during a flat turn?
When the centripetal force is bigger than the centrifugal
Never
When the centrifugal force is bigger than the centripetal
High values of wing load are
Bad for take-off
It has no influence on take-off
Good for take-off
When does a jet aircraft reach the maximum endurance condition?
at the Va
at he minimum wing lift
at the maximum efficiency
Which of the following definitions is the definition of the efficiency in sail flight?
it is equal to the cosine of the glide angle
it is equal to the opposite of the tangent of the glide angle
it is equal to the tangent of the angle of attack
The roll is a movement around the
Longitudinal axes
Lateral axes
Vertical axes
In the vertical plane, how can be the load factor calculated?
the ratio between lift and drag
the ratio between drag and weight
the ratio between lift and weight
What is the active stability?
It is the stability performed by means of the flight controls
It is the stability performed by means of aerodynamics features
It is the stability performed by means of the pilot
What does the cruise speed represent?
the maximum endurance in standard condition
the minimum consumption per flown kilometer
the stall speed in cruise condition
What is the NACA code?
It is a series of digits to identify wing shapes
It is a series of digits to identify wing performances
It is a series of digits to identify airfoils
The quantity of water vapour that can be contained in an air mass depends on the temperature
It also depends on altitude
It also depends on pressure
It also depends on humidity
The drag is
Parallel to the chord
None of the other answers
Parallel to the relative wind
Which parameter must be maximum to have maximum range on a jet aircraft?
E*root(Cl)
E/root(Cl)
What does the Paradox of D'Alambert say?
if an airfoil moves at the speed of sound in a perfect fluid, the resistance would be null
if a body, of any shape, moves with linear translation motion in a perfect fluid, the resistance would be null
if a body, of any shape, moves with linear translation motion in a perfect fluid, the resistance cannot be zero
Which are the all factors that affect the lift produced by an airfoil?
angle of attack, air density, velocity, wing area and number of transported passengers
angle of attack, air temperature, velocity, wing area and the diameter of the fuselage
angle of attack, velocity, wing area, aerofoil shape, air density
In comparison to a normal wing, the Delta wing can reach
Higher angle of attack
The same angle of attack
Lower angle of attack
When the wash-out is necessary?
In both swept-wing and not swept-wing aircraft
In not swept-wing aircraft
In swept-wing aircraft
How does the air density vary, if the temperature increases?
the air density decreases
the air density increases
the air density is not influenced by the temperature
What is the absolute ceiling?
the altitude at which the required power is equal as the available power
the altitude at which the required power is greater than the available power
the altitude at which the required power is less than the available power
What is the load factor?
an indication about manoeuvres that an aircraft is performing
an indication of the better position for flaps installation
a visual aid to pilot at stalling speed
In which atmospheric layer does temperature decrease at about 6.5°C per 1000 m?
A. Stratosphere
B. Troposphere
C. Tropopause
What is the standard atmospheric pressure at sea level?
A. 1.033 kg/cm²
B. 76 Pa
C. 29.92 kg/cm²
As temperature increases, air density will:
A. Increase
B. Decrease
C. Remain constant
The maximum amount of water vapour air can contain depends mainly on:
A. Pressure
B. Temperature
C. Altitude
Compared to dry air, moist air is:
A. Heavier
B. Lighter
C. Equal in weight
Lift varies proportional to:
A. Velocity
B. Square of velocity
C. Cube of velocity
Drag always acts:
A. Parallel to the chord
B. Parallel to the relative wind
C. Vertical to lift
Induced drag is highest at:
A. High speed
B. Low speed
C. Cruise speed
Friction drag mainly depends on:
A. Wing shape only
B. Surface roughness and speed
C. Aircraft weight
During a stall:
A. Lift increases and drag decreases
B. Lift decreases and drag increases
C. Lift and drag increase
The NACA code is used to identify:
A. Wing performance
B. Airfoil geometry
C. Wing material
The transition point on a wing is where:
A. Flow separates
B. Flow becomes turbulent
C. Pressure is maximum
The stagnation point is the point where:
A. Pressure is minimum
B. Velocity is zero
C. Temperature is minimum
As angle of attack decreases, the centre of pressure moves:
A. Forward
B. Rearward
C. Does not move
During stall, the separation point moves:
A. Forward
B. Backward
C. Remains fixed
Thin airfoils generally have a relative thickness:
A. Greater than 0.1
B. Between 0.04 and 0.08
C. Greater than 0.15
A high aspect ratio wing is typical of:
A. Fighters
B. Transport aircraft
C. Gliders
Wash-out is mainly used to:
A. Reduce drag
B. Improve stall behaviour
C. Increase cruise speed
A stall occurs when:
A. Lift becomes zero
B. Angle of attack exceeds critical value
C. Drag becomes minimum
Maximum lift coefficient occurs:
A. At zero angle of attack
B. At critical angle of attack
C. During cruise
Increasing angle of attack beyond critical value will:
A. Increase lift
B. Reduce lift
C. Not affect lift
During take-off, maximum lift coefficient is achieved:
A. During ground roll
B. During climb
C. During manoeuvre
Maximum range for a propeller aircraft occurs at:
A. Maximum efficiency
B. Maximum thrust
C. Minimum lift
Maximum endurance for a jet aircraft occurs at:
A. Maximum efficiency
B. Minimum drag
C. Minimum thrust
Economy cruise speed represents:
A. Minimum fuel per hour
B. Minimum fuel per distance
C. Maximum speed
Best glide distance is obtained at:
A. Maximum lift
B. Maximum efficiency
C. Stall speed
Aerodynamic efficiency is defined as:
A. Lift × Drag
B. Lift / Drag
C. Drag / Lift
Absolute ceiling is the altitude where:
A. Available power equals required power
B. Available power is greater
C. Required power is greater
Pitch is rotation about the:
A. Longitudinal axis
B. Lateral axis
C. Vertical axis
Roll is rotation about the:
A. Vertical axis
B. Lateral axis
C. Longitudinal axis
Yaw is rotation about the:
A. Longitudinal axis
B. Vertical axis
C. Lateral axis
Longitudinal stability is provided mainly by the:
A. Vertical stabilizer
B. Horizontal stabilizer
C. Ailerons
Active stability is stability provided by:
A. Aerodynamic design
B. Pilot action or controls
C. Aircraft structure
Load factor is defined as the ratio of:
A. Drag to weight
B. Lift to weight
C. Thrust to drag
During a level turn, lift must:
A. Decrease
B. Remain same
C. Increase
Increasing load factor will:
A. Decrease stall speed
B. Increase stall speed
C. Not affect stall speed
In a banked turn, the horizontal component of lift:
A. Opposes weight
B. Causes turning motion
C. Causes pitching
A skid occurs when:
A. Centripetal force exceeds centrifugal force
B. Centrifugal force exceeds centripetal force
C. Both forces are equal
D’Alembert’s paradox states that in a perfect fluid:
A. Drag is maximum
B. Drag is zero
C. Lift is zero
Aspect ratio is defined as:
A. Span / Mean chord
B. Area / Span
C. Thickness / Chord
Increasing aspect ratio mainly reduces:
A. Form drag
B. Friction drag
C. Induced drag
The quantity of water vapour air can contain also depends on:
A. Humidity
B. Wing area
C. Lift coefficient
During take-off run, wheel friction depends on:
A. Weight minus lift
B. Lift plus drag
C. Drag only
Cruise speed usually corresponds to:
A. Stall condition
B. Maximum endurance
C. Maximum range
The horizontal tail mainly provides stability about:
A. Longitudinal axis
B. Lateral axis
C. Vertical axis
Induced drag is caused by:
A. Skin friction
B. Wing tip vortices
C. Surface roughness
Form drag depends mainly on:
A. Shape of the body
B. Weight of aircraft
C. Angle of climb
When airspeed increases, induced drag:
A. Increases
B. Decreases
C. Remains constant
The best glide angle occurs when:
A. Lift is maximum
B. Drag is minimum
C. Lift/drag ratio is maximum
The vertical component of lift in a banked turn:
A. Increases
B. Decreases
C. Remains unchanged