CE-583 Pavement Analysis
and Design
Dr. Anjan Kumar S
sak@[Link]
Course Content
• Overview of Pavement Systems
• Stresses and Strains in Flexible Pavements
• Stresses and Deflections in Rigid Pavements
• Traffic Loading and Volume
• Pavement Drainage
• Pavement Performance
• Reliability
• Flexible Pavement Design
• Rigid Pavement Design
• Design of Overlays
Course Evaluation
• Quizzes: 20%
• Mid-term: 25%
• End-term: 35%
• Project: 15%
• Assignment: 5%
References
• HUANG “Pavement Analysis and Design” Second Edition, Pearson
• YODER, E.J. AND WITCZAK, M.W. “Principles of Pavement Design”
Second Edition, Wiley.
• DELATTE, N. “Concrete Pavement Design, Construction, and
Performance” Taylor & Francis.
• Review
• KHANNA, S.K., JUSTO, C.E.G. AND VEERARAGAVAN, A. “Highway
Engineering” Tenth Edition, Nem Chand & Bros.
• CHAKROBORTY, P., AND DAS, A. “Principles of transportation engineering”
PHI learning pvt. Ltd.
Pavement Types
• Flexible Pavement
• Rigid Pavement
• Composite Pavement
Pavement Types
• Flexible Pavement
• Conventional
• Full Depth Asphalt Pavement
Pavement Types
• Rigid Pavement
a) Jointed Plain Concrete Pavements
b) Jointed Reinforced Concrete Pavements
c) Continuous Reinforced Concrete Pavements
d) Prestressed Concrete Pavements
Pavement Types
• Composite Pavement
Pavement Design
• is the systematic process of determining the type, thickness, and
material composition of pavement layers such that the pavement can
safely carry anticipated traffic loads over its design life while
providing adequate serviceability, safety, durability, and economy
under prevailing environmental conditions
• Empirical methods
• Limiting shear failure method
• Limiting deflection method
• Regression Methods based on Performance!
• Mechanistic-Empirical Methods
• Serviceability and Reliability
Pavement Design
• is the systematic process of determining the type, thickness, and material
composition of pavement layers such that the pavement can safely carry
anticipated traffic loads over its design life while providing adequate
serviceability, safety, durability, and economy under prevailing
environmental conditions
• Analytical Solutions
• Goldbeck’s Formula
• Westergaard’ Method
• Pickett’s Method
• Numerical Solutions
• Discrete-Element Methods
• Finite-Element Methods
• Fatigue of Concrete
Road Tests
• Maryland Road Test
• WASHO Road Test
• AASHO Road Test
• Strategic Highway Research Program (SHRP)
Traffic and Loading
• Axle Loads
• Number of Repetitions
• Contact area
• Vehicle speed
Environment
• Temperature
• Effect on Bituminous/Asphalt Layer
• Effect on Concrete Slab
• Frost penetration
• Precipitation
• Rain and snow effects
• Ground Water Table (GWT)
• Flash Floods
• Floods
Materials
• Elastic modulus • Modulus of Subgrade Reaction
• Resilient modulus • Coefficient of thermal expansion
• Nonlinear elastic! • Modulus of Rupture
• Viscoelastic • Fatigue properties of concrete
• Creep compliance
• Temperature dependency
• Fatigue properties
• Rutting
• Low-temperature cracking
Failure Criteria
• Flexible Pavements
• Fatigue cracking
• Rutting
• Thermal cracking
• Rigid Pavements
• Fatigue cracking
• Pumping or erosion
Flexible Versus Rigid
Aspect Flexible Pavement Rigid Pavement
Surface material Bituminous (asphalt) concrete Cement concrete
Load transfer mechanism Through layered system by grain-to-grain contact By slab action (flexural strength of concrete)
Structural behaviour Flexible, stress-dependent Rigid, plate-like behavior
Tensile stress Developed at bottom of bituminous layer Developed at bottom/top of concrete slab
Thickness requirement More overall thickness required Lesser thickness required
Stress distribution Load distributed gradually to subgrade Load distributed over wider area
Joints Not required (excluding construction) Required (expansion, contraction, construction)
Temperature effects Causes rutting and thermal cracking Causes warping and temperature stresses
Construction cost Lower initial cost Higher initial cost
Maintenance cost Higher and frequent Lower and less frequent
Service life Shorter (10–15 years) Longer (20–30 years)
Opening to traffic Can be opened quickly Requires curing period
Surface riding quality Smoother initially Slightly rougher initially
Repair and strengthening Easy and fast Difficult and time-consuming
Typical failures Rutting, fatigue cracking, potholes Faulting, pumping, slab cracking
Noise level Low Higher
Highway Versus Runway
Aspect Highway Pavement Runway Pavement
Purpose Carry road vehicles (cars, buses, trucks) Carry aircraft during take-off, landing, and taxiing
Type of loading Moving wheel loads Combination of moving, stationary, and impact loads
Magnitude of load Comparatively lower axle loads Very high wheel loads from aircraft
Load repetition Very high number of repetitions Lower repetitions but heavier loads
Wheel configuration Single, tandem, tridem axles Multiple-wheel landing gear assemblies
Contact pressure Moderate tire pressure Very high tire pressure
Speed of traffic Varies widely Very high during take-off and landing
Lateral load distribution Channelized traffic in lanes Load applied over wide lateral area
Design life Based on cumulative traffic (ESALs) Based on aircraft operations and gear configuration
Surface smoothness Important for comfort Extremely critical for safety of aircraft
Surface texture Adequate skid resistance High skid resistance essential
Drainage requirement Important Very critical to avoid hydroplaning
Pavement markings Lane and traffic markings Precision runway and taxiway markings
Tolerance to distress Minor distress acceptable Very low tolerance to distress
Typical pavement type Mostly flexible pavements Mostly rigid or high-quality flexible pavements
Maintenance standards Routine maintenance acceptable Stringent maintenance standards
Failure consequences Traffic delay and vehicle damage Serious safety risk and flight disruption