Variables- Measurable qualities, properties, or Research Variable(Experimental): Proposition- Statement of the relationship

characteristics of people, things, events, or between concepts derived from theories or

situations under study that vary from one Extraneous Variable- Variables not directly empirical data.
subject to another. included in the study
Conceptual Paradigm- Overall belief system
Characteristics of Variables: Active Variables- manipulated variables representing global issues and basis of
knowledge.
- Two or more mutually exclusive values or Attribute Variables- measured variables
properties that can be quantitatively and Conceptual Model- Mental or psychological
qualitatively measured. Research Hypothesis: representation of how an activity is carried out.

- Varying factors that affect the phenomenon. Null Hypothesis- Denial of the existence of a Theory- Summarizes knowledge, explains
trait. observations, predicts outcomes, and stimulates
- Varying qualities of people, institutions, discoveries.
situations, or statuses. Alternative Hypothesis- Affirmation of the
existence of a phenomenon. Research Design- Overall plan of how the study
- Heterogeneous when attributes or will be conducted including data collection,
characteristics are extremely varied. Theoretical Framework- legal and theoretical sampling, instruments, and analysis.
justifications of the research problem or the
Explanatory Variable- Phenomenon under research parameters Types of Research Design
study that varies or assumes different values
and indicates the direction of influence. Conceptual Framework- specific and well - Experimental
defined concepts or constructs to explain the
Independent Variable- Factors manipulated by existence of the research problem - Non-experimental
the researcher and focus of the inquiry; also
called experimental, treatment, causal, or Significance of the Study- Presents the - Quantitative
stimulus variables. importance and contributions of the study.
- Qualitative
Dependent Variable- Factors affected or Scope and Limitations- Includes the coverage
influenced by the independent variable; also of the study, research issues, concerns, and - Mixed Method
called criterion, effect, response, or outcome constraints affecting results.
variable. Project Background- Presents highlights,
Conceptual Definition- Meaning based on objectives, feasibility criteria, history, and
Intervening Variable- Factors that come published materials. concepts of the project.
between the independent and dependent
variables and influence their effect; also called Operational Definition- Meaning based on Market Feasibility- Discusses demand for the
mediator variables. observable characteristics and usage in the project and assumes no feasibility without
study. demand.
Moderator Variable- Variables affecting the
strength or direction of the relationship between Literature Review- Key component of the Demand Analysis- Identifies user needs and
independent and dependent variables. research process conducted at the beginning of determines capability to utilize the product.
the study.
Extraneous/ Exogenous Variable- Variables Supply Analysis- Determines suppliers,
not directly included in the study but may affect Review of Literature- Readings related to the domestic supply, foreign suppliers, and growth
the results and must be controlled or eliminated. study. patterns.

Organismic Variable- physiological, Review of Related Studies- Data-based Technical Feasibility- Involves selecting
psychological, and demographic factors researches, theses, and dissertations related to project factors, estimating project cost, and
the topic investigated. listing production and overhead costs.
Environmental Variables- Economic,
anthropological, sociological, and physical Two Main Types in Review of Literature: Financial Feasibility- Monetary aspect of
factors production plans.
Conceptual or Theoretical Literature- non-
Abstract or Continuous Variables- Factors research reference materials written by Organizational Feasibility- Describes jobs and
with different values are quantitatively authorities on the subject functions necessary for operations.
measured and statistically tested through
hypotheses. Research or Emperical Literature- consist of Financial Study- Includes assumptions, project
studies and researches or theses and cost, financing, financial statements, and
Dichotomous Variables- Factors with only two dissertations financial analysis.
values used in comparative studies and
identified in hypotheses. Categories and Sources of Material: Socio-Economic Feasibility- Discusses socio-
economic contributions including employment,
Active Variables- Factors created and/or Primary Sources- taxes, supply, and demand.
manipulated by the researcher, commonly used
in experimental studies. Secondary Sources Management Feasibility- Discusses
implementation plan, ownership, organization,
Attribute Variables- Pre-existing Framework- Structure of an idea or concept personnel, and project schedule.
characteristics of subjects observed and and its conceptual underpinning supporting the
measured by the researcher. research question.

Research Variable(Descriptive): Conceptual Framework- Structure of concepts

grouped together as a map for the study.
Independent Variable- cause or the variable
that influences the dependent variable. Concept- Building block of theory representing
a phenomenon.
Dependent Variable- one affected by the
independent variable