ELECTRICAL SCIENCE

Question Bank Classified by Syllabus Topics (No Duplicates)

DC CIRCUITS

Passive Circuit Components, Basic Laws, Temperature Resistance Coefficients, &

Sources

• Defining the following terms: a. Active Element, b. Passive Element, c. Circuit vs. Network.

• Distinguish between dependent and independent sources. How do you transform a voltage source into a
current source?

• A coil has a resistance of 25 Ω at 15°C. If the temperature coefficient of resistance at 15°C is 0.004/K
determine the resistance of the coil at 80°C.

• Define temperature coefficient of resistance? Explain effect of temperature on resistance? Define

resistivity?

• Find the equivalent resistance between x and y terminals (for a ladder network comprising 10 Ω, 2 Ω, 20 Ω
elements).

Kirchhoff's Laws, Nodal & Mesh Analysis

• Calculate i , i , and i in the given circuit (containing a 28 V source, 26 Ω loop resistances, and a 21 V
1 2 3
branch).

• Calculate current in 6 Ω resistance in the circuit shown below using mesh current analysis and verify the
answer using Norton's Theorem.

• Calculate current in 2 Ω resistance in the circuit shown below using node voltage analysis and verify the
answer using Thevenin's Theorem.

• Calculate V using Nodal analysis? (for a multi-source network with R = 10, R = 5 Ω, R = 40, and current
a 1 3
sources 2A, 1A, 2A).

Delta-Star Transformation

• Derive the expression for converting a star network to a delta equivalent network.

Superposition Theorem

• State and explain superposition theorem.

• State and Prove Super Position Theorem.

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 • Find the current flowing through 5 Ω resistor using superposition theorem (Circuit with 6A source, 2 Ω, 5 Ω,
2A, and 60V sources).

• Determine the current I by the superposition theorem (12V, 2 Ω, 3 Ω, 6 Ω, 6A, 8V network).

1

• Using the superposition theorem, find the voltage across the 200 Ω resistor of the given circuit (1.5 A
source, 200 Ω branch, 10V, 3A, 80 Ω).

• Calculate current I using superposition theorem? (Network with 2 kΩ branches, 12V source, 6V source,
o
and 2 mA source).

Thevenin's Theorem

• State and explain Thevenin's theorem?

• Find the Thevenin's circuit across AB (20 Ω, 4 Ω, 3 Ω, 30V, 5 Ω, 8 Ω network).

• Obtain the Thevenin equivalent across a-b for the network (3 Ω, 8V, 2A circuit).

• Find the Thevenin's equivalent circuit at terminals AB for the given network and also determine the power
dissipated in a 5 Ω resistor connected between A and B (10V, 2A, 10 Ω, 1A, 20 Ω, 10 Ω).

• Using Thevenin's theorem, find the current flowing through 2 Ω resistor (3 Ω, 24V network).

Norton's Theorem

• Evaluate the current through load resistance R using Norton's Theorem (4 Ω, 4 Ω, 10V, 4 Ω, 5 Ω, 2.5 Ω
L
setup).

• For the circuit shown, Calculate the current in the 6 Ω resistance by using Norton's theorem (4 Ω, 4 Ω, 3V,
3V configuration).

• State and explain Norton's theorem. Show that Thevenin's and Norton's theorems are dual to each other.

Maximum Power Transfer Theorem

• State and proof the Maximum Power Transfer theorem having efficiency 50% with suitable expressions
and diagram.

• State and prove maximum power transfer theorem for dc networks.

• State and prove Maximum Power Transfer Theorem.

• Explain maximum power transfer theorem by considering resistive load in the circuit.

• Write limitation of Maximum Power Transfer Theorem.

• Find the maximum power in R which is variable in the circuit shown below (100V, 40 Ω, 50 Ω, 50 Ω, 60 Ω).
L

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 AC CIRCUITS

Sinusoidal Waveforms, Peak & RMS Values, Phasor Representation

• An alternating voltage is v = 100 sin(100t). Find: i) Form factor ii) peak factor.

• Calculate the average and RMS value of a full rectified sine wave.

• Find out RMS value of saw tooth waveform?

• For the waveform shown (triangular/sawtooth symmetry across axes), calculate average value and rms
value.

• A Circuit consists of four loads in series and the voltage across these loads is given by following relations
in volts: v1 = 50 sin(ωt); v2 = 25 sin(ωt + 60°); v3 = 40 cos(ωt); v4 = 30 sin(ωt - 45°). Calculate the supply
voltage in similar form.

• Illustrate the basic terminology used in AC Systems with the help of waveforms? Also, Differentiate single
phase and three phase circuit.

Real, Reactive, Apparent Power, & Power Factor

• Explain the terms complex power, apparent power, real power and reactive power.

• Define Power factor? What are the different types of power in ac circuits?

• A single phase load of 30 kW at 0.6 power factor lagging is fed from 200V a.c. supply. Calculate the kVA
and kVAr of the load.

Analysis of Single-Phase AC Circuits (R, L, C, RL, RC, RLC)

• Show that power consumed in a pure capacitive circuit is zero when a sinusoidal AC voltage is applied.

• Show that power consumed in a purely inductive circuit is zero when sinusoidal voltage is applied across it.

• Show that power consumed in a purely inductive circuit and purely capacitive circuit is zero when
sinusoidal voltage is applied across it.

• A 230 V, 50 Hz supply is applied across a resistor of 10 Ω in parallel with a pure inductor. The total current is
25 A. What should be the value of the frequency if the total current is 36 A?

• A coil of 0.8 pf is connected in series with 110 μF capacitor. Supply frequency is 50 Hz. The potential
difference across the coil is found to be equal to that across the capacitor. Calculate the resistance and
inductance of the coil. Calculate the net power factor.

• A coil has an impedance of 0.05 H (inductance) and a resistance of 10 Ω. It is connected to a sinusoidal

200V, 50 Hz supply. Calculate the impedance, current, power consumed and power factor.

• A choke coil having a resistance of 10 Ω and inductance of 0.05 H is connected in series with a condenser
of 100 μF. The whole circuit has been connected to 200 volt, 50 Hz supply. Calculate: (i) Impedance (ii)
Current (iii) Power factor (iv) Power input (v) Apparent and Reactive power of circuit.

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 • Calculate overall current and power factor of the circuit which has two parallel branches and connected
with 200v ac supply. The impedance of one branch is (3 + j4) Ω and impedance of second branch is (5 - j5)
Ω.

• A coil of resistance 8 ohm and inductance 0.12 henry is connected in series across 230 V, 50Hz supply.
Calculate: 1) Impedance of the circuit 2) current flowing through circuit 3) Power factor of the circuit 4)
power drawn by the circuit.

Resonance (Series & Parallel)

• What is resonance in the AC circuit? How is it generated in series and parallel circuit?

• Why a series resonant circuit is called as an acceptor circuit and a parallel resonant circuit as a rejector
circuit?

• Compare series and Parallel Resonance.

• Explain resonance in series and parallel R-L-C Circuit? Draw the resonance curve.

• Define parallel resonance with suitable phasor diagram. Calculate the resultant current and quality factor at
resonance in terms of the parameters of a circuit.

• Show that the resonant frequency of a series RLC circuit is the geometric mean of the lower and upper cut-
off frequency.

• Define quality factor in a series R-L-C circuit. Determine the half power frequencies in terms of quality
factor and the resonant frequency for series R-L-C circuit.

• Derive an expression for the resonant frequency of a parallel circuit, one branch consisting of a coil of
inductance L and resistance R and the other branch of capacitance C.

• Define the following: i) Q factor of the coil ii) Power factor.

• An RLC series circuit consists of a resistance of 1000 Ω, an inductance of 100 mH, and a capacitance of 10
μF. If a voltage of 100 V is applied across the combination, find (i) resonance frequency (ii) Q factor of the
circuit and (iii) the half power points.

• A series circuit consists of a capacitor and a coil takes a maximum current of 0.314 A at 200 V, 50 Hz. If the
voltage across the capacitor is 300 V at resonance. Determine the capacitance, inductance, resistance and
Q of the coil.

• Calculate impedance, power factor, quality factor of coil, active power, reactive power and apparent power
consumed by electric load which is connected with voltage v = 200 sin(314t) and it draw current i = 20
sin(314t - 30°). In RLC series circuit draw curve of reactance, impedance, current and voltages along
elements as a function of frequency.

Three Phase Balanced Circuits (Star & Delta)

• Drive the formula to calculate Power in three phase circuit.

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 • A three-phase delta connected circuit has per phase impedance of Z = (5 + j5) Ω and connected with 440V
supply. Calculate the line voltage, phase voltage, line current, and phase current and complex power of
circuit.

D. C. GENERATORS & MOTORS

Principle of Operation of DC Generators & Motors & Core Layout

• Explain the construction and working principle of DC motor with suitable schematic diagram.

• Draw and explain the circuit diagram of different type of DC generator.

• Why is induced emf in a dc motor called the back or counter emf?

• Write name of four parts of DC machine?

• Explain constructional features, working principles and applications of DC shunt motor.

• List out the application of DC Motor and generator?

• Explain the construction of DC Machines.

• Write the application of DC series generator, DC shunt generator, DC differentially compound generator
and DC compound generator.

• Draw torque vs current characteristics of DC series motor.

• Derive the emf equation of a dc generator. Draw and explain different types of dc generator with suitable
diagram.

• Derive the emf equation for generated voltage of Generator?

• Calculate the emf generated by a 4-pole wave wound armature with 45 slots, with 18 conductors per slot
when driven at 1,000 rpm. The flux per pole is 0.02 Wb.

• A dc shunt generator has an induced voltage of 220 V on open circuit. When the machine is on load the
voltage is 200 V. Find the load current if the field resistance is 100 Ω and armature resistance is 0.2 Ω.

• A 4-pole, long shunt, lap wound generator supplies 25 kW at a terminal voltage of 500 V. The armature
resistance is 0.03 Ω, series field resistance is 0.04 Ω and shunt field resistance is 200 Ω. The brush drop
may be taken as 1 V. Determine the emf generated.

• A 220 V, dc shunt motor takes a line current of 20 A. Resistance of shunt field winding is 200 Ω and
resistance of the armature is 0.3 Ω. Find the armature current and back emf.

Speed Control of Shunt Motors & Series Motors

• What are the various methods of speed control of dc shunt motor? Explain them in brief with relative
advantages and disadvantages.

• Discuss different methods of speed control of a DC motor.

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 • Draw the circuit diagram and discuss speed control of DC shunt motor.

• Explain different type of speed control of DC shunt Motor?

A. C. GENERATORS & MOTORS

Principle of Operation & Alternators (Synchronous Machines)

• Illustrate the construction and working principle of Synchronous machine along with appropriate schematic.

• Explain the essential difference between cylindrical (smooth) and salient pole rotors used in large
alternators.

• Write applications of Synchronous Motor.

• Write down application of Synchronous motor? Give its merits.

• Why is rotating field system is used in preference to a stationary field? A 6-pole alternator rotates at 1000
r.p.m. What is the frequency of the generated voltage?

• Derive the expression showing the relationship between speed, frequency and number of poles of a
synchronous machine. A waterwheel alternator has 20 poles. Calculate the speed for a frequency of 50 Hz.

Induction Motors (Squirrel Cage / Phase Wound & Starters)

• Explain constructional features, working principles and applications of Three Phase Induction motor.

• What are the different types of AC three phase motor? Which type of motor is used for high starting
torque?

• What are the various methods of starting the single phase induction motor? Explain them in brief with
relative advantages and disadvantages.

• Classify the starting methods of 3-phase induction motor and also discuss the star-delta starting method in
detail with suitable diagram.

• Draw the circuit diagram and discuss working of star delta starter used for three phase induction motor.

• Why is magnetizing current in induction motor large as compared to transformer?

• What is the necessity of starter in induction motor?

• A 3 phase, 4-pole induction motor is supplied from 3-phase, 50 Hz ac supply. Calculate i) the synchronous
speed ii) the rotor speed when slip is 4% iii) the rotor frequency when rotor runs at 600 rpm.

• A 3-phase, 50 Hz induction motor has 6 poles and operates with a slip of 5% at a certain load. Determine:
(i) The speed of the rotor with respect to the stator. (ii) The frequency of rotor current. (iii) The speed of the
rotor magnetic field with respect to rotor. (iv) The speed of the rotor magnetic field with respect to stator.

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 TRANSFORMERS

Construction, Principle, Core vs Shell, Ideal vs Practical

• Explain the construction and working principle of Single Phase Transformer.

• Differentiate shell type and core type transformer.

• Describe the operation of single phase transformer, explain clearly the function of the different parts. Why
the cores are laminated.

• What is the difference between an ideal and practical transformer?

Losses, Efficiency, Regulation, & Testing

• Interpret the different types of losses in the 1φ Transformer.

• What are the losses occurring in a transformer? Write an expression for calculating the efficiency of a
transformer and develop the condition for maximum efficiency.

• Find condition for maximum efficiency of Transformer.

• Describe short circuit and open circuit test in a transformer.

• What are the different types of test conducted on transformer to find losses in the transformers?

• Define Voltage regulation? Draw the phasor diagram of transformer at inductive load?

• A transformer has its maximum efficiency of 0.975 at 20 kVA at unity p.f.

• The primary and secondary winding of a 500kVA 1-ph transformer have resistance of 0.42 Ω and 0.0015 Ω
respectively. The primary and secondary voltages are 6000 V and 400 V respectively and the iron loss is 3.2
kW. Calculate the efficiency on i) Full load and ii) Half load. Assuming the pf of the load to be 0.8.

• A 200 KVA single phase transformer has 1000 turns in the primary and 600 turns on the secondary. The
primary winding is supplied from a 440 V, 50 Hz source. Find the (i) secondary voltage at no load and (ii)
Primary and secondary currents at the full load.

• In a 25 KVA, 2000/200 V transformer the iron and full load copper losses are 350 W and 400 W respectively.
Find the efficiency at unity power factor at (a) full load (b) half load. Determine the load for maximum
efficiency.

• A single phase transformer has a core whose cross-sectional area is 150 cm2; operates at a maximum flux
density of 1.1 Wb/m2 from a 50 Hz supply. If the secondary winding has 66 turns, determine the output in
KVA when connected to a load of 4 Ω impedance. Neglect any voltage drop in the transformer.

• A 200 kVA, 1000/200V transformer has 2 kW hysteresis loss and 2 kW eddy current loss. When it is working
at full load, the copper losses are 8 kW. Calculate maximum efficiency of transformer and the load at which
maximum efficiency occurs.

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Auto-Transformers & Three-Phase Transformer Connections

• Compose the following phasor connections of 3φ Transformer: (i) Yd11 (ii) Dd6 (iii) Yd1.

• What are the different types of three phase transformer connections?

• With the help of circuit diagram explain working of autotransformer, also write its applications.

• Write down working and applications of Auto Transformer.

MEASURING INSTRUMENTS

Electromagnetism & Different Torques in Indicating Instruments

• What are the types of torques in Indicating Type measuring instruments?

• Explain different methods used for damping in measuring instrument.

• Explain the following in case of measuring instruments: i) Deflecting torque ii) Controlling torque iii)
Damping torque.

• What are the different types of forces/Torques acting on Indicating instruments?

Moving Iron Instruments

• Illustrate the construction and working principle of Attraction Type - Moving Iron Type instrument.

• Explain the working principle of Attraction type and Repulsion type moving iron instruments with the help of
suitable diagrams.

• Write applications of moving iron instruments?

• Explain constructional features, working principle and applications of Moving iron voltmeter.

Moving Coil Instruments (Permanent Magnet Type)

• Why permanent magnet moving coil instruments cannot be used for ac measurement of high frequency?

• Explain the construction and working principle of permanent magnet moving coil (PMMC) instrument with
the help of suitable diagram. Also derive the expression for torque produced in it.

• Describe with diagrams the construction and principle of operation of the permanent magnet moving coil
instrument.

• What type of damping is provided in PMMC instruments?

• Explain working principle of moving coil instruments. What are the advantages and disadvantages of
moving coil instruments?

• Explain the working of permanent magnet moving coil instrument.

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Dynamometer Type Instruments

• Illustrate the construction and working principle of Electro-dynamic instruments.

• Explain working of Dynamometer type wattmeter?

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