SCIENCE
SUMMER VACATION HOLIDAY HOMEWORK
CLASS X
BIOLOGY BY P.K. VERMA FOR CLASS X A
COMPETENCY BASED
1. (Nutrition)
In an experiment to prove that light is essential for photosynthesis, a student attaches a black
paper strip across the center of a destarched leaf while it is still on the plant. After exposing
the plant to sunlight for 6 hours, the leaf is tested for starch.
Question:
Predict the color change in the area covered by the black strip and the uncovered areas after
the iodine test. Explain the reasoning behind this difference.
2. (Respiration)
Aquatic organisms, like fish, have a much faster breathing rate compared to terrestrial
organisms like humans.
Question:
Based on the availability of oxygen in different environments, why is this physiological
adaptation necessary for the survival of aquatic life?
3. (Circulation)
A patient’s blood report shows a significantly low count of blood platelets (Thrombocytes).
Question:
If this patient sustains a minor cut during a lab experiment, what immediate complication
would they face? Relate your answer to the specific function of platelets in the circulatory
system.
Long Answer Questions
4. (Respiration & Nutrition)
Question:
Describe the pathway of a glucose molecule from the moment it is absorbed in the small
intestine until it is broken down to release energy in a muscle cell during an intense sprint.
Your answer must explain:
• The role of Villi in absorption.
• The transport mechanism via the Circulatory system.
• The specific type of Respiration (Aerobic vs. Anaerobic) that occurs during the sprint
and the resulting chemical byproducts.
5. The human heart is described as a “double pump” system.
Question:
Design a logical flow chart or description that traces the flow of blood through the four
chambers of the heart, the lungs, and the rest of the body.
Critically evaluate why it is vital for mammals and birds to keep oxygenated and
deoxygenated blood completely separate, especially regarding energy requirements and body
temperature regulation.
BIOLOGY XB & XC
BY DR PRAMOD KUMAR FOR CLASS X B AND X C
1. Prove That CO₂ is an Important Gas for
Photosynthesis
CHEMISTRY
Q1. Make a project on different types of Chemical Reactions.
Also mention the applications of reactions in daily life.
(A4 Size Paper)
Q2. Frame 30 MCQs on Chemical Reactions.
(Register Page)
PHYSICS
To Complete these experiments in A4 Size page:-
To Determine the Equivalent Resistance of Two Resistors Connected in Series
Determine the Equivalent Resistance of Two Resistors Connected in Parallel
IX
BIOLOGY FOR CLASS IX
Short Answer Questions
1. Mitochondria
Mitochondria are often called the “Powerhouse of the Cell,” but they are also described as
“Semi-autonomous Organelles.”
Question: What structural features allow mitochondria to be called semi-autonomous?
If a cell’s mitochondria suddenly stopped functioning, how would this affect the active
transport of molecules across the cell membrane?
2. Nucleus
In a laboratory experiment, the nucleus of an Amoeba is carefully removed using a micro-
needle (enucleation). The cell remains intact and continues to move for a while but eventually
dies without reproducing.
Question: Based on this observation, what are the two vital roles of the nucleus that were
interrupted in this experiment?
3. Plastids
A student observes a potato tuber, a ripe tomato, and a green leaf under a microscope.
Question: Identify the specific type of plastids present in each.
Why does a green tomato turn red as it ripens, and what does this tell you about the nature of
plastids?
4. Cell Division
If a mother cell has 46 chromosomes and undergoes meiosis, the resulting daughter cells have
23 chromosomes each.
Question: Why is this reduction in chromosome number essential for organisms that
undergo sexual reproduction?
What would happen to future generations if this reduction did not occur?
Long Answer Questions
5. Systems & Growth (Meristematic Tissues)
Question: You are given two young pea plants. You cut off the very tip (apex) of the stem
of Plant A, while Plant B is left untouched.
Answer the following:
• Predict the growth pattern of both plants after one week.
• Explain this result by identifying the specific meristematic tissue involved.
• Furthermore, describe where Intercalary and Lateral Meristems are found and explain
their unique roles in plant development.
6. Cell Division
Question: Distinguish between Mitosis and Meiosis based on the following criteria:
• Number of daughter cells produced
• Genetic similarity between parent and daughter cells
• Primary purpose (Growth/Repair vs. Gamete Formation)
Also explain:
• Why is Mitosis called “Equational Division”?
• Why is Meiosis called “Reductional Division”?
7. Structure and Function (Nucleus & Heredity)
Question:
The nucleus is known as the “Control Center” of the cell.
Answer the following:
• Describe the role of Chromatin, Chromosomes, and DNA in the transmission of
characters from parents to offspring.
• Explain the significance of the Nuclear Pore. Why can’t the nucleus be a completely
sealed envelope? Relate your answer to the synthesis of proteins in the cytoplasm.
CHEMISTRY
• Q1. Make a project on different types of separation methods (a) Based on
applications in daily life.
• Q2. Write 30 MCQs on this chapter: Solutions and Mixtures = A4 Size Paper
PHYSICS
1. Solve 25 Subjective numerical questions and 25 MCQ questions of Ch.1 Motion from
Stalin Malhotra/TMH Publication Book.
CLASS VIII
1. With the help of easily available materials, design an experiment to make a simple
voltaic cell.
2. How do bacteria become resistant to antibiotics?
3. Write short notes on the “Make in India Vaccine Campaign.”
4. What do you know about deficiency diseases?
5. With the help of the YouTube video “HHMI Biointeractive,” draw the life cycle of the
malarial parasite
(Asexual and Sexual Phases).
CLASS VII
1. List 20 chemicals along with:
• Water of crystallization
• Chemical formula
• Colour
2. Make a list of 5 basic salts with their formulas.
3. Make a list of 5 acidic salts with their formulas.
4. Make a list of 5 neutral salts with their formulas.
5. What are the different schemes launched by the Government of India on menstrual
hygiene?
6. Make a list of emotional and behavioural changes during adolescence.
7. Write short notes on Nasha Mukt Bharat Abhiyan.
8. Can physical and chemical changes occur in the same process? Explain with examples.
9. Make a list of:
• (a) Metals
• (b) Non-metals
• (c) Metallic oxides
• (d) Non-metallic oxides
10. With the help of chemical equations and reactions, show that:
(a) Metallic oxides are basic in nature.
(b) Non-metallic oxides are acidic in nature.
11. Make a list of 10 electrical components and their symbols.
CLASS VI
Q1. Draw a labelled diagram of Dicot and Monocot Seeds. Write at least 4 characteristics of
plants having Monocot & Dicot seeds.
Q2. Who was Janaki Ammal? Write 3-lines on her.
Q3. Write short notes on adaptations of "Rhododendron".
Q4. With the help of diagram, explain the term Venation in leaves.
Q5. Write short notes on:
• a) COVID-19 Virus
• b) Hantavirus
• c) AIDS
• d) Polio virus