Level : 2nd Bac Prof : JABRI
WRITING STRUCTURES AND EXAMPLES
Paragraph
1- Topic sentence:
*It gives the reader a general idea or an overview about what the paragraph will be about.
2- Supporting sentences:
*They give more details relating to the main idea. The number of S.S depends on the number of ideas.
3- Concluding sentence:
*It sums up the main idea of the paragraph.
Expository Paragraph
Sample: (Write a paragraph talking about purposes you use mobile phone for)
My favourite technological device is mobile; I use it for plenty of purposes. (To begin with, I
always use my mobile phone to communicate, send and receive messages from my friends and
relatives.) (What’s more, I always utilize my phone for entertainment and fun such as watching videos,
downloading music and playing games.) (In addition to this, I rely regularly on my phone to do my
homework by seeking information online.) In short, I can’t do without my phone because it is useful,
amusing and irreplaceable.
Sample: (Write a paragraph exposing some of the advantages of smartphones)
Smartphone is one of the greatest inventions that has proven to be very useful and has come
with lots of advantages. To begin with, the very first positive point of mobile phones is communication.
With mobile phones you can communicate with anyone from anywhere at any time. Nowadays,
smartphones have become small in size and light in weight which makes it very easy to carry them. .
In addition, mobile phones have become a source of unlimited entertainment. The things which we
never thought would be present in a mobile phone are now possible. Smartphones have come into
existence which not only help you in making calls but also help you to stay entertained by allowing you
to play games, listen to music and do lots of other stuff. Moreover, if you are using a smartphone, you
can take advantage of it in your studies or your business. That’s to say, smartphones come with
educational apps which can be used while you are at school or university. In short, smartphones have
changed our life and make it easier.
Sample: (Write a paragraph exposing some of the benefits of laughter)
Laughter is believed to have a lot of benefits on our health. Firstly, it relaxes the whole body; a
good laugh relieves physical tension and stress, leaving your muscles relaxed. Secondly, laughter boosts
the immune system. In other words, it decreases stress hormones and increases immune cells, thus
improving your resistance to diseases. Thirdly, laughing helps you stay mentally healthy. In fact, it
makes you feel good, and this positive feeling remains with you even after the laughter subsides.
Moreover, it helps you keep an optimistic outlook through difficult situations, disappointments and
loss. In a nutshell, laughter remains the best therapy.
Level : 2nd Bac Prof : JABRI
Descriptive Paragraph (Person)
*When we describe a person, we should talk about : name/ relationship/ physical traits (age, height,
weight, face, eyes, hair, clothes…) / personal qualities/ what is special about him/her.
Brahim has been my intimate friend since we were in the primary school. He's a tall and slim
young man with sun-tanned skin and short curly black hair. He has got brown small eyes in an oval
shiny face. He always wears casual clothes in a very messy way. Brahim is full of life, very outgoing. He
is an extroverted person who loves having fun all the time. He's got a great sense of humour, and he
always makes me laugh. Moreover, Brahim is a very generous and sensitive person. Everybody likes
him for his modesty and sociability .What makes him more popular is his talent. Brahim is really
talented in playing football. He is very fast and a great goalscorer. He always outperforms his peers in
scoring goals. During the weekends, he spends hours either training his football team or watching
matches on TV. In addition to that, he enjoys singing and dancing as well, and he is fond of listening to
pop music in particular. All in all, I'm satisfied to have such a great person like Brahim as a friend. I really
enjoy his company. I'm sure we'll always be intimate friends.
Descriptive Paragraph (Place)
When we describe a place, we should talk about : name/ geographical location/ weather / historical
monuments/ food/ What you like best about this place.
. The city that I like most is Marrakech. It is located at the foothills of Atlas Mountains, Morocco. A lot
of people come to this city to enjoy the historical monuments, local people interactions and food. Thousands
of tourists go to Marrakech because they hear a lot about “Jamaa El Fna square” or “World famous square”
as it has been described. Besides the famous square, there are a lot of places to sightsee in Marrakech such
as the little souks in the small alleys which are very interesting and you can find them dedicated to specific
crafts. You can even watch part of their process of making them. Moreover, you can visit some palaces like
“El Badie” and “Bahia palaces”. Also, the are a lot of other places that worth sightseeing such as” Koutoubia”
mosque and “Saadian tombs”. Concerning the residents, they are really polite, hospitable and funny in a very
witty way. When it comes to food, you cannot visit Marrakech without tasting the symbol of Marrakchi
cuisine namely “Tanjiya”; It is a local tajine made of beef meat and slow-cooked in a traditional oven in hot
ashes. Overall, Marrakech is worth visiting and tourists never regret going there; It’s really fabulous.
Telling a story ( Narrative paragraph)
When we tell a story, we should talk about:
-When and where was the incident? ( Last year, Two years ago, Last summer ..)/ ( at school, at home, ..)
-People involved: (friends, teachers, classmates, neighbours ….)
-What happened/ main events.
-What was funny/ sad/ embarrassing about it?
Last summer holiday, I went to Istanbul. I was walking around the city, doing some shopping,
enjoying the beautiful places and taking pictures. After a long morning of sightseeing, I felt tired and
hungry. I headed to the nearest restaurant. First of all, I wanted to share my pictures with friends on
facebook. So, I asked the waiter for the WIFI code and he told me: “eat first”. Well, I ordered my meal;
it was spaghetti with meatballs. Once I finished my meal, I asked again the waiter for the WIFI code. He
said again, with a smile, “eat first” and added “ in uppercase and no spaces”. Only then , I realised the
WIFI code was EATFIRST. I then burst into laughter and left the restaurant. It was really funny.
Level : 2nd Bac Prof : JABRI
Advantages and Disadvantages Article/ Essay
I. Introduction: Thesis statement (Short definition / General information)
II. Body: -Paragraph (1): Advantages (1st advantage/ 2 nd advantage/ 3 rd
advantage.)
(it saves time/ it saves energy/ it is a good source of information/ it is a good source of
entertainment/ it helps students with their exercises/ it facilitates communication…….
-Paragraph (2): Disadvantages (1st disadvantage/ 2 nd disadvantage/
rd
3 disadvantage.)
(addiction/ it is bad for health/ it wastes time/ it wastes energy/ it causes
psychological problems/ it leads to poor academic achievement ….)
III. Conclusion: State a summary.
(your subject matter) is a great invention/ discussable issue that has brought numerous
advantages. Yet, it has disadvantages too. So what are the positive and negative sides of
(…………….)?
No one can deny that ( your subject matter.) has many positive sides . To begin with, ...............
……….(1st advantage ). Moreover, ……………….. (2nd advantage) . In addition to this, ..............
………….(3rd advantage ).
On the other hand, we should shed light on the opposite side as well, namely the disadvantages .
First of all, ……….. (1st disadvantage) . Secondly, ……………..(2nd disadvantage ). Thirdly,
……………. (2nd disadvantage).
All in all, (your subject matter) is a double edged sword with many advantages and
disadvantages. In short, everything depends on our usage. So, we should take the best and leave the
rest.
Smartphones have become a very important part of our daily lives. It is very difficult to imagine our live without
a smartphone as most of our work is done using that brilliant invention. Everything has negative and positive sides
and similarly, smartphone is a double edged sword with plenty of advantages and disadvantages.
On the one hand, mobile phones have plenty of positives. To begin with, the very first positive point of
mobile phones is communication. With mobile phones you can communicate with anyone from anywhere at any
time. In addition, mobile phones have become a source of unlimited entertainment. The things which we never
thought would be present in a mobile phone are now possible. Smartphones have come into existence which not
only help you in making calls but also help you to stay entertained by allowing you to play games, listen to music
and do lots of other stuff. Moreover, if you are using a smartphone, you can take advantage of it in your studies or
your business.
On the other hand, we have to shed light on the negatives as well. Although mobile phones can help students in
studies, but only if they use them wisely. Most of the students become additive to mobile phones and are found
playing games, chatting with their friends and watching movies. If students are busy keeping their eyes on their
mobile phones at all times they won’t get time for studying which would lead to poor grades. In addition, mobile
phones lead to a lot of accidents; A lot of people drive while talking on mobile phones, which means they have half
attention to the mobile call and are having half on the road. Furthermore, mobile phones have a negative impact
on health of people. If you are using mobile phone for long hours, it might lead to serious health issues.
To sum up, mobile phones are a curse and blessing at the same time. In the end, it all depends on our usage.
Cell phones are the most personal device and we should make an optimal use of them.
Level : 2nd Bac Prof : JABRI
Cause and Effect Article/ Essay
I. Introduction: Thesis statement (Short definition / General information)
II. Body: -Paragraph (1): causes/reasons (1st cause/ 2nd cause/ 3rd cause.)
(poverty/ illiteracy/ unemployment/ taking drugs/ ignorance/ family problems/ industrial factories/ lack of
experience/ psychological problems/ the impact of social media/ lack of communication ….)
-Paragraph (2): consequences/ effects (1st effect/ 2 nd effect/ 3 rd
effect.)
(health problems [eyes, brain, lung …]/ addiction/ dropping out of school/ death/
crimes/ violence/ joblessness/ global warming/ extinction of some animals/
ecological crisis/ economic crisis ….)
III. Conclusion: State a summary/ solutions/ measures to be taken.
(your subject matter) is a serious matter/issue/phenomenon that threatens/affects negatively
our society/ environment, etc. It is the outcome of different reasons and of course it has several serious
effects too. I am going to shed lights on both causes and consequences of ( your subject matter).
There are several/numerous/plenty of reasons behind (your subject matter). To begin with,(1st
cause)……. What’s more, …(2nd cause)…….. Furthermore, …………(3rd cause)………...
By consequence, (your subject matter) leads to different /results/effects. Firstly,…………(1st
effect)……………. Secondly, ……………..(2nd effect)………..
Thirdly, ………….(3rd effect)………………
To sum up, ………………(your subject matter)……….has many effect on
……….. Hence, there are numbers of measures to be taken urgently. First, ……. Second,…….
Finally,……
Divorce is a serious issue that threatens the stability of families and by extent of societies. It
is the outcome of different reasons and of course it has several serious effects too. I am going to shed
lights on both causes and consequences of divorce.
Divorce is a complex issue with more than one reason. To begin with, lack of communication is
one of the leading causes of divorce; couples can’t have a successful relationship if either one of them
refuse to discuss his or her feelings, can’t talk about their personal or mutual issues. What’s more,
financial problems are a possible reason of conflict between couples. Married couples argue about their
financial responsibilities or unequal financial status. Thus, this leads to the end of the marriage. Besides,
some bad habits such as drugs and alcohol addiction or gambling may be a strong reason that leads to
divorce .
By consequence, divorce has many effects on children, women and even men. The biggest
effect is on children; children of divorced parents often suffer from social and psychological problems.
Due to the fact that these children lack care and support, they either tend to isolate themselves and stay
alone or turn to be very aggressive. Secondly, women are also affected; some women suffer from
depression after divorce due to the feeling of insecurity and helplessness. Moreover, some women lose
faith in men and by extent, they reject any kind of relationship with their “enemy”. Thirdly, men cannot
cope easily with divorce. After getting divorced, men find it very difficult to deal with their kids.
To sum up, no one can deny that divorce is the only and the best solution for a failed marriage,
but before getting married both man and woman should make sure whether or not they match.
Level : 2nd Bac Prof : JABRI
Persuasive/ Argumentative Article/ Essay (For/ Against)
I. Introduction: Thesis statement (definition/ explanation of the issue from both sides/ your personal opinion)
II. Body: -Paragraph (1): - 1st argument (support with examples)
-Paragraph (2): - 2nd argument (support with examples)
-Paragraph (3): - 3rd argument (support with examples)
III. Conclusion: State a summary of your point of view.
Nowadays the issue of (topic) has become a controversial issue; On the one hand, some people
support (topic). On the other hand, there are others who stand against (topic). As for me, I personally
believe that ……./ I stand for…./ I support…./ I stand against……
First, I am against/ for ………………. because (1st argument) ………………. That’s to say …….
………………………………..
Secondly, another argument in favour of ……/ against ………….. is that (2nd argument) ………
…………………………………
One further argument is that (3rd argument) ……………………………… …………………… ….
…………………………………..
To conclude, (restate your point of view and your arguments in a different way).
On March 11, the World Health Organisation declared covid-19 a pandemic. As a result, people
should stay at home in order to limit the spread of the virus. Students also had to study at home
because they can’t go to school anymore. This type of learning is called distance learning. Some people
find this type of learning effective whereas others prefer face-to -face learning. I personally believe that
face to face learning is far better due to many reasons.
First of all, distance learning is not fair. That’s to say, it doesn’t provide equal opportunities for all
students. Distance learning requires some materials like smartphones or computers in addition to high
speed internet or Wi-Fi , the thing that all families cannot afford. Moreover, students who live in rural
areas don’t have even access to the internet that allow them to study online and do their assignments.
That’s why, I think that remote learning is not suitable for all students.
Secondly, distance learning doesn’t assure good interaction between students and their teachers
and between students and their peers. That’s to say, unlike to what classroom teaching provides,
students don’t communicate effectively with their teachers communicate and also they don’t interact
with their classmates to share ideas and learn from each other.
The third reason why I stand up against distance learning is the health problems this kind of
learning may lead to; sitting in front of a computer or holding a mobile phone for a very long time may
lead to some health problems such as backache, eye problems and severe headaches in addition to
obesity due to lack of movements.
In a nutshell, both distance learning and face to face learning have cons and pros, but what I’m sure
of is that distance learning can never replace the traditional learning especially in developing and under
developed countries.
Level : 2nd Bac Prof : JABRI
Biography
[Full Name] was born on [date] in [place]. He/she grew up in [place] and attended
[school/university]. Known for [field or profession], [Name] began his/her career as [occupation] and
became recognized for [major achievements]. Throughout his/her life, he/she contributed to
[industry, community, or cause] and received [awards or recognition, if any]. In addition to his/her
professional accomplishments, he/she was known for [personal qualities or interests]. Today, [Name]
is remembered for their significant impact on [field or society].
Nelson Mandela was born on July 18, 1918, in Mvezo, South Africa. He studied law and
became a leading figure in the struggle against apartheid. After spending 27 years in prison for his
activism, Mandela was released in 1990 and later became South Africa's first Black president in 1994.
He worked to promote reconciliation and equality in the country and received numerous honors,
including the Nobel Peace Prize. Mandela is remembered worldwide for his courage, leadership, and
commitment to justice and human rights.
Film Review
"[Film Title]" is a [genre] film directed by [director's name] and released in [year]. It stars [actors] as
[characters]. The movie tells the story of [brief description of the plot]. One of the film's greatest strengths is
[acting, storyline, visual effects, soundtrack, etc.], which helps create an engaging experience for the audience.
The performances of [main actors] are particularly impressive because [reason]. In addition, the
cinematography and music contribute to the overall mood of the film by [explanation]. However, the film is
not without flaws, as [mention any weaknesses]. Despite these shortcomings, the movie effectively explores
themes such as [themes or messages] and leaves a lasting impression on viewers. Overall, I would rate this
film [rating]/5 and would recommend it to anyone who enjoys [type of films or audience].
``Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone`` is a fantasy film directed by Chris Columbus. It stars Daniel
Radcliffe , Rupert Grint and Emma Watson as Harry, Ron and Hermione. The movie tells the story of a boy
named Harry Potter who discovers that he is a wizard. He goes to Hogwarts School, where he learns magic,
makes new friends, Ron and Hermione. Throughout the movie, Harry and his friends face exciting challenges. I
enjoyed this film because the story is interesting and the magical world is amazing. The actors do a great job,
and the special effects make the film fun to watch. My favourite part was seeing Harry learn about his powers
and explore Hogwarts. Overall, it is an entertaining and enjoyable film that I would recommend to anyone
who likes adventure and fantasy. I would give it 4.5 out of 5 stars.
Level : 2nd Bac Prof : JABRI
Personal/ Informal E-mail
Opening : Greeting :
*Hey ! How are you doing? Thanks for *Dear….,/*Hi …..,/*Hello
Dear Randa,
your last e-mail.
*Thanks for your last e-mail. I’m sorry I
Hi there ! How is it going? Thanks for your last
haven’t written for a long time because I
e-mail. It’s good to hear from you after such a
was busy with exams.
*Hey there ! Long time no see. I hope all’s long time! I’m glad you and your family are doing
well in your world! well. I’m pretty good in spite of the exams.
Well, I’m writing this e-mail to tell you about
Reasons for writing : ………………………………………………………
*Just a note to let you know about …
*I’m writing to let you know about …. I must dash now, but please write me back as
soon as possible.
I can’t wait to see you.
Ending :
With Love,
*I hope to hear from you soon. Closing :
Karima
* I can’t wait to see you.
* I’m looking forward to seeing you. * Keep in touch/ With love/
* Write me back soon. Best wishes/ All the best
TO : Adam2020@[Link]
TOPIC : The Importance of education.
Hello Adam,
How is it going ? I’m sorry I didn’t write earlier as I have been busy these days. I was extremely
happy to get your email bro and I’m glad to know you and your family are doing great.
Well, I was not happy to know that you are quitting school. I think you should think twice before
deciding for sure what you will do.
Actually, education is very crucial in our life in different ways. First, it provides us with all kinds of
knowledge. Secondly, being educated paves the way for a good career, to find a good job. In addition,
education enlightens our path to get integrated into the social and professional life. Moreover, it
helps us to take the right decisions as it empowers minds and enables to do the analysis while
making life decisions. One more important thing is that education makes us get used to fight against
failure until we get success. That’s why I advise you to change your mind and go back to school and
get a degree.
Write me soon and let me know what you’ve decided.
Keep in touch,
Level : 2nd Bac Prof : JABRI
Formal/Official E-mail
Salutation
Dear Sir,/ Dear Madam, / Dear Mr….. ,/ Dear Mrs …..,
Reasons behind writing
I am writing this letter/e-mail to participate in ………
I am sending this letter/e-mail to complain about….
I am writing in response to your article/
letter/e-mail/advertisement ………
I am writing this letter/e-mail with regard to your article……
Concise details about
your topic ………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
Ending
I am looking forward to hearing from you.
If you require any further information, please do not hesitate to
contact me.
Closing
Yours faithfully,/ Yours sincerely,
your signature/ name
Things to avoid :
-Do not use contracted forms (I’m/won’t). Write all words in full ( I am/ will not)
-Use formal standard English- no slang (what’s up, bro …)
-Keep sentences precise and get straight to the point.
-Keep your letter focused and do not waffle on !
TO : inquiries@[Link]
Subject : Homelessness
Dear Mr Secretary General,
I am writing this e-mail to urge you to give priority to the issue of homelessness in my country, Morocco.
As you know, there are thousands of homeless people who are deprived of many rights and live in a difficult
situation. First, they don’t have a shelter to protect them from heat and cold. So, many of them sleep on the
streets without even having blankets. Secondly, they are discriminated by people who pass by them and they are
also subject to different types of violence. Finally, many children die due to cold and violence.
On behalf of all the homeless, we appeal to you for a compassionate donation to support these people. We
would highly appreciate it if you could build more shelters in my country so that these children would feel safe
and protected.
I am looking forward to hearing from you.
Yours sincerely,