Numpy
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hkpradeep.researchNumpy
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hkpradeep.researchNumPy Basics
What is NumPy?
NumPy is a powerful Python library used for:
Numerical computations
Multi-dimensional arrays
Matrix operations
Scientific computing
Machine Learning and AI applications
It is faster than normal Python lists because it uses optimized C-based implementations.
1. Creating NumPy Arrays
import numpy as np
a = [Link]([1, 2, 3, 4])
print(a)
Output:
[1 2 3 4]
2D Array:
b = [Link]([[1,2,3],
[4,5,6]])
print(b)
2. Shape of Array
Definition
Shape tells:
Number of rows
Number of columns
Dimensions of array
import numpy as np
a = [Link]([[1,2,3],
[4,5,6]])
print([Link])
Output:
(2, 3)
Meaning:
2 rows
3 columns
3. Slicing in NumPy
Definition
Slicing extracts specific portions of an array.
Syntax:
array[start:end]
1D Slicing
import numpy as np
a = [Link]([10,20,30,40,50])
print(a[1:4])
Output:
[20 30 40]
2D Slicing
import numpy as np
a = [Link]([[1,2,3],
[4,5,6],
[7,8,9]])
print(a[0:2, 1:3])
Output:
[[2 3]
[5 6]]
Explanation:
Rows: 0 to 1
Columns: 1 to 2
4. Masking in NumPy
Definition
Masking means filtering elements using conditions.
import numpy as np
a = [Link]([10,20,30,40,50])
mask = a > 25
print(mask)
print(a[mask])
Output:
[False False True True True]
[30 40 50]
Explanation:
Elements greater than 25 are selected.
5. Broadcasting
Definition
Broadcasting allows NumPy to perform operations on arrays of different shapes.
Example:
import numpy as np
a = [Link]([1,2,3])
print(a + 5)
Output:
[6 7 8]
Here:
Scalar value 5 is automatically added to every element.
Broadcasting with Arrays
import numpy as np
a = [Link]([[1],[2],[3]])
b = [Link]([10,20,30])
print(a + b)
Output:
[[11 21 31]
[12 22 32]
[13 23 33]]
6. dtype in NumPy
Definition
dtype specifies the data type of array elements.
Example:
import numpy as np
a = [Link]([1,2,3])
print([Link])
Output:
int64
Changing dtype
import numpy as np
a = [Link]([1,2,3], dtype=float)
print(a)
print([Link])
Output:
[1. 2. 3.]
float64
Common NumPy Data Types
dtype Meaning
int32 Integer
int64 Large Integer
float32 Decimal Number
float64 Double Precision Float
bool Boolean
dtype Meaning
complex128 Complex Number
Complete Example
import numpy as np
a = [Link]([[1,2,3],
[4,5,6]])
print("Shape:", [Link])
print("Slice:")
print(a[:,1:3])
print("Masking:")
print(a[a > 3])
print("Broadcasting:")
print(a + 10)
print("Datatype:", [Link])
Output:
Shape: (2, 3)
Slice:
[[2 3]
[5 6]]
Masking:
[4 5 6]
Broadcasting:
[[11 12 13]
[14 15 16]]
Datatype: int64