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ABEX

The chi-square goodness-of-fit test assesses whether the observed distribution of a categorical variable matches a hypothesized distribution. It involves formulating null and alternative hypotheses, calculating expected and observed frequencies, and determining the chi-square statistic to evaluate significance. If the chi-square statistic exceeds the critical value, the null hypothesis is rejected, indicating differences in population distributions.

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8 views2 pages

ABEX

The chi-square goodness-of-fit test assesses whether the observed distribution of a categorical variable matches a hypothesized distribution. It involves formulating null and alternative hypotheses, calculating expected and observed frequencies, and determining the chi-square statistic to evaluate significance. If the chi-square statistic exceeds the critical value, the null hypothesis is rejected, indicating differences in population distributions.

Uploaded by

abebayehuargaw767
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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THE CHI-SQUARE GOODNESS -OF- FIT TEST

Objective:-
 Defining the chi-square goodnesss of fit test
 State the hypotheses and Formulate an analysis plan,
 Analysis sample data, and Interpret results

Definitions: The chi-square goodness of fit test determines if the


observed distribution of a categorical variable aligns with a
hypothesized or known distribution. It's a hypothesis test that
compares observed frequencies with expected frequencies based on
the assumed distribution.

 Key Concepts:-
Goodness of fit test
statistical hypothesis test used to determine whether a variable is
likely to come from a specified distribution or not. It is often used to
evaluate whether sample data is representative of the full
population.
Categorical Variable:
A variable whose values are categories or labels, rather than numerical
measurements (e.g., gender, yes/no, different colors).
Contingency Table:
A table used to organize data when analyzing the relationship between two
or more categorical variables.
Null Hypothesis:
The assumption that all populations have the same distribution of the
categorical variable (i.e., they are homogeneous).
Alternative Hypothesis:
The assumption that at least two populations have different distributions of
the categorical variable.
Expected Frequencies:
The frequencies that would be expected in each category if the populations
were truly homogeneous.
Observed Frequencies:
The actual frequencies observed in the data.
Chi-Square Statistic:A measure of how much the observed frequencies
deviate from the expected frequencies.
Following procedure to make co

[Link] hypothesis
Null hypothesis: The observed data follows the hypothesized
distribution.
Alternative Hypothesis: The observed data does not follow the
hypothesized distribution.

.
2. Calculating Expected Frequencies:
Under the assumption of homogeneity, expected frequencies are calculated
based on the overall sample size and the proportions within the variable.

3. Calculating the Chi-Square Statistic:


The chi-square statistic is calculated using the formula: (Observed
Frequency - Expected Frequency)² / Expected Frequency, and the results
are summed across all cells in the table.
.
4. Determining Significance:
The chi-square statistic is compared to a critical value from the chi-square
distribution, based on the degrees of freedom (calculated as (number of
rows - 1) * (number of columns - 1)) and the chosen significance level.
.
5. Interpreting Results:
If the calculated chi-square statistic exceeds the critical value, the null
hypothesis is rejected, indicating that the populations are not homogeneou
.

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