Division 04

Masonry
 SECTION 04 05 00
COMMON WORK RESULTS FOR MASONRY

PART 1 - GENERAL

1.1 RELATED DOCUMENTS

A. Drawings and general provisions of the Contract, including General and Supplementary Conditions
and other Division 01 Specification Sections, apply to this Section.

1.2 SECTION INCLUDES

A. This Section includes the following:
1. Mortar and grout.
2. Reinforcing steel.
3. Masonry joint reinforcement.
4. Ties and anchors.
5. Miscellaneous masonry accessories.
B. Products furnished, but not installed, under this Section include the following:
1. Dovetail slots for masonry anchors, installed under Division 3, Section 03 31 00
"Structural Concrete”.
2. Anchor sections of adjustable masonry anchors for connecting to structural frame, installed
under Division 5.
C. Products installed, but not furnished, under this Section include the following:
Hollow-metal frames in unit masonry openings, furnished under Division 08.

1.3 RELATED SECTIONS

A. Section 03 31 00 - Structural Concrete.
B. Section 07 84 00 - Fire Stopping.
C. Section 07 92 00 - Joint Sealants.
D. Section 09 24 00 - Portland cement plastering.

1.4 REFERENCES
A. All reference to standards, regulations and requirements of statutory bodies shall mean the latest
published editions at the time of contract. Product manufacture, testing and installation shall comply
with the following references unless otherwise stated in the specification or otherwise approved.
1. American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)
ASTM A36/A36M Standard Specification for Carbon Structural Steel

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 ASTM A82/A82M Standard Specification for Steel Wire, Plain, for Concrete
Reinforcement
ASTM A153/A153M Standard Specification for Zinc Coating (Hot-Dip) on Iron
and Steel Hardware
ASTM A307 Standard Specification for Carbon Steel Bolts and Studs, 60
000 PSI Tens Strength
ASTM A563 Standard Specification for Carbons and Alloy Steel Nuts
ASTM A580/A580M Standard Specification for Stainless Steel Wire
ASTM A641/A641m Standard Specification for Zinc-Coated (Galvanized)
Carbon Steel
ASTM A653/A653M Standard Specification for Steel Sheet, Zinc-Coated
(Galvanized) or Zinc-Iron Alloy-Coated (Galvannealed) by
Hot-Dip Process
ASTM A666 Standard Specification for Annealed or Cold-Worked
Austenitic Stainless Steel Sheet, Strip, Plate and Flat Bar
ASTM A1008/A1008M Standard specification for Steel, Sheet, Cold-rolled, Carbon,
Structural High-Strength Low-Alloy, High-Strength Low-
Alloy with Improved Formability, Solution hardened and
Bake Hardenable
ASTM B633 Standard Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings of Zinc
on Iron and Steel
ASTM C144 Standard Specification for Aggregate for Masonry Mortar
ASTM C150 Standard Specification for Portland Cement
ASTM C199 Standard Test method for Pier Test for Refractory Mortars
ASTM C270 Standard Specification for Mortar for Unit Masonry
ASTM C476 Standard Specification for Grout for Masonry
ASTM C780 Standard Test Method for Preconstruction and Construction
Evaluation of Mortars for Plain and Reinforced Unit Masonry
ASTM C1329 Standard Specification for Mortar Cement
ASTM D226 Standard Specification for Asphalt-Saturated Organic Felt
Used in Roofing and Waterproofing
ASTM D1056 Standard Specification for flexible Cellular Materials –
Sponge or Expanded Rubber
ASTM D2000 Standard Classification System for Rubber Products in
Automotive Applications
ASTM E119 Standard Test Methods for Fire Tests of Building
Construction and Material

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 ASTM F593 Standard Specification for Stainless Steel Bolts, Hex Cap
Screws, and Studs
ASTM F594 Standard Specification for Stainless Steel Nuts
2. Uniform Building Code (UBC)
UBC Standard 21-7 Tests of Anchors in Unreinforced Masonry Walls
UBC Standard 21-8 Pointing of Unreinforced Masonry Walls
UBC Standard 21-10 Point reinforcement for Masonry
UBC Standard 21-11 Cement, Masonry, Mortar Cement
UBC Standard 21-15 Mortar & Unit Masonry and Reinforced Masonry other than
Gypsum
UBC Standard 21-16 Field Test Specimens for Mortar
UBC Standard 21-18 Method of Sampling and Testing Grout
UBC Standard 21-19 Grout for Masonry
UBC Standard 21-20 Standard Test Method for Flexural Bond Strength of
Mortar Cement
3. British Standard Institute (BSI)
BS EN 998-2 Specification for Mortar for Masonry. Masonry Mortar.
BS EN 1015-11 Methods of test for Mortar for Masonry. Determination of
Flexural and Compressive Strength of Hardened Mortar
BS 5628-3 Code of Practice for the Use of Masonry. Materials and
Components, Design and Workmanship
BS EN 845-3 Specification for ancillary components for masonry.
Bed joint Reinforcement of Steel Meshwork
BS EN 480-13 Admixtures for Concrete, Mortar and grout. Test Methods.
Reference Masonry Mortar for Testing Mortar Admixtures
BS EN 197-1 Cement Composition, Specifications and Conformity
Criteria for Common Cements
BS EN 13139 Aggregates for Mortar
BS EN 13055-1 Light-weight Aggregates for concrete, Mortar and Grout
BS ISO 13765-1 Refractory Mortars. Determination of Consistency Using the
Penetration Cone Method.
BS 4482: Steel Wire for the Reinforcement of Concrete Products.
Specification
BS EN 10244-2 Steel wire and wire Products. Non-ferrous metallic coatings
on steel wire. Zinc or Zinc Alloy Coatings.

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 BS 4449 Steel for the reinforcement of Concrete. Weldable reinforcing
Steel. Bar, Coil and De-coiled Product. Specification.

1.5 PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS

A. Movements:
1. The installed work, including fixings and framing, shall accommodate all short and long-term
movements and deflections in the base-structure, substrates to which the work is fixed, and
within the work, including thermal movements, without failure or the transfer of loads from
the base- structure to the work of this trade.
B. Control Joints:
1. Construct control joints where indicated or required to accommodate movements in the
substrates or base-structure and in the installed work where required, in accordance with the
product Information and relevant Standards.
2. Control joints shall have sufficient movement capability to accommodate all movement in
the substrate or base-structure, and within finished work.
3. Include required control joint fillers and inserts.
4. Verify width, spacing and location of control joints before commencing. Do not relocate or
eliminate joints indicated on the Drawings, or make joints not indicated, without approval.
5. Control joints spacing shall not exceed the lesser requirements of the Product Information,
the structural grid dimensions, the spacing indicated on the Drawings, or the relevant
Standards.
6. Control joints in finished work shall extend full depth to substrate or base-structure and
shall coincide with joints in substrates and base-structure.
7. Control joints and fillers to elements with required fire-resistance or acoustic ratings shall
have same rating, and ensure continuity of protection.
C. Corrosion:
1. Products and materials, including fixings and concealed components, shall be corrosion
resistant or protective coated to prevent corrosion.
D. Junctions:
1. Seal joints and junctions to adjacent work with suitable sealants to maintain integrity of fire,
smoke, acoustic and moisture barriers.
E. Moisture-resistant Construction:
1. Where the installed work is subject to surface or concealed moisture, or otherwise required,
provide suitable moisture-resistant materials and construction.
2. Include flashing and barriers to prevent the passage of moisture.
F. Service Reticulation:
1. Build-in, cover and conceal reticulated services passing through the work.

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 2. Coordinate with relevant Services trades, and construct suitable openings ad passages
for the unrestricted installation of services by the relevant Service trade.
3. Ensure suitable access for later maintenance or replacement.

1.6 SUBMITTALS
1. Product Data: For each different masonry unit, accessory, and other manufactured product
specified Samples for Verification: For each type and color of the following:
2. Accessories embedded in masonry.
3. List of Materials Used in Constructing Mockups: List generic product names together with
manufacturers, manufacturers' product names, model numbers, lot numbers, batch numbers,
source of supply, and other information as required to identify materials used. Include mix
proportions for mortar and grout and source of aggregates.
a. Submittal is for information only. Neither receipt of list nor approval of mockup
constitutes approval of deviations from the Contract Documents unless such
deviations are specifically brought to the attention of Engineer and approved in
writing.
4. Material Test Reports: From a qualified testing agency indicating and interpreting test results
of the following for compliance with requirements indicated;
a. Mortar complying with property requirements of BS EN 998-2:2002/ASTM C270.
b. Grout mixes complying with compressive strength requirements of BS EN 480-
13:2002/ASTM C 476. Include description of type and proportions of grout
ingredients.
5. Material Certificates: Signed by manufacturers certifying that each of the following items
complies with requirements:
a. Each cement product required for mortar and grout, including name of
manufacturer, brand, type, and weight slips at time of delivery.
b. Each combination of masonry unit type and mortar type. Include statement of net-
area compressive strength of masonry units, mortar type, and net-area compressive
strength of masonry.
c. Each material and grade for reinforcing bars.
d. Each type and size of anchor, tie, and metal accessory.
6. Mix Designs: For each type of mortar and grout. Include description of type and proportions
of ingredients.
a. Include test reports, per BS EN 998-2/BS EN 1015 or UBC Standard 21-16, for
mortar mixes required to comply with property specification.
b. Include test reports, per BS EN 480-13 or UBC Standard 21-18, for grout mixes
required to comply with compressive strength requirement.

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 7. Statement of Compressive Strength of Masonry: For each combination of masonry unit type
and mortar type, provide statement of average net-area compressive strength of masonry
units, mortar type, and resulting net- area compressive strength of masonry.
8. Shop Drawings:
a. Submit manufacturer’s standard construction details indicating relevant selections.
If the actual conditions are not indicated in the standard details, submit additional
shop drawings for the actual conditions.
b. Include shop drawings for:
i. Steel framing.
ii. Mortar reinforcement.
c. Shop drawings to include details of anchors, inserts, joints, connections to adjoining
work or materials. Also include elevations indicating setting out and placement of
all joints, openings, cut- outs.
i. Connection detail of block work and concrete columns/walls (using dovetail
slot & anchor).
ii. Block wall lateral support requirements (pilasters/beams) to be provided
satisfying the below requirements as per ACI 530-99 and as indicated on
drawings.
iii. Location of control joint:
1. Wall control joints to be provided if the wall length (L) is more than
15m with no intersecting walls.
2. For doors and windows opening of more than 1830mm wide control
joint shall be provided on both sides of the opening. If less than
1830mm width provide only one side only.
3. Block Work elevation layouts showing course, size of end pieces,
intersecting walls, connections to existing structures, MEP
openings and sleeves showing exact levels and locations and
electrical outlets. Also show size and location of door and window
openings.
9. Computations:
a. Submit manufacturer’s standard load tables suitably marked to identify masonry
units and reference numbers, and confirm correct selection for each wall type.
b. Submit computations for joint reinforcement where required.
1.7 QUALITY ASSURANCE
A. Testing Agency Qualifications: An independent testing agency, acceptable to authorities having
jurisdiction, qualified according to BS EN 772-1:2000/ASTM C1093 to conduct testing indicated,
as documented according to BS 812/ASTM E548.

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 B. Source Limitations for Mortar Materials: Obtain mortar ingredients of a uniform quality, including
color for exposed masonry, from a single manufacturer for each cementitious component and from
one source or producer for each aggregate.
C. Pre-construction Testing Service: Contractor will engage a qualified independent testing agency to
perform pre-construction testing indicated below. Payment for these services will be made by the
Contractor and at his sole expense Retesting of materials that fail to meet specified requirements
shall be done at Contractor's expense.
1. Compressive strength as per BS EN 772-1or Prism Test: For each type of construction
required, per UBC Standard 21-17.
2. Mortar Test: For mortar properties per BS EN 998-2: /ASTM C270.
3. Grout Test: For Compressive strength per BS EN 480-1/ASTM C1019.

1.8 DELIVERY, STORAGE, AND HANDLING

A. Store cementitious materials on elevated platforms, under cover, and in a dry location. Do not use
cementitious materials that have become damp.
B. Store aggregates where grading and other required characteristics can be maintained and contamination
avoided.
C. Deliver pre-blended, dry mortar mix in moisture-resistant containers designed for lifting and emptying
into dispensing silo. Store pre-blended, dry mortar mix in delivery containers on elevated platforms,
under cover, and in a dry location or in a metal dispensing silo with weatherproof cover.
D. Store masonry accessories, including metal items, to prevent corrosion and accumulation of dirt and
oil.

1.9 PROJECT CONDITIONS

A. Comply with hot-weather construction requirements contained in ACI 530.1/ASCE 6/TMS 602.
1. When ambient temperature exceeds 38 deg C, or 32 deg C with a wind velocity greater than
13 km/h, do not spread mortar beds more than 1200 mm ahead of masonry. Set masonry
units within one minute of spreading mortar.

1.10 WARRANTIES
A. Generally: Provide an approved warranty from Date of Taking Over Certificate for a warranty period
of 5 years.
B. Warranty conditions for wall: The warranty shall include particular reference to failure of, or due to,
the following:
1. Correct selection of fire-resistant, moisture-resistant and acoustic-rated systems.
2. Cracking or opening of joints.

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 3. Accessories and trims, including corrosion.

PART 2 - PRODUCTS

2.1 MATERIAL, GENERAL

A. Defective Units: Referenced masonry unit standards may allow a certain percentage of units to
exceed tolerances and to contain chips, cracks, or other defects exceeding limits stated in the
standard. Do not use units where such defects, including dimensions that vary from specified
dimensions by more than stated tolerances, will be exposed in the completed Work or will impair
the quality of completed masonry.

2.2 MORTAR AND GROUT MATERIALS

A. Portland cement: BS 197-1 / ASTM C150, Type I or II. Provide natural color or white cement as
required to produce mortar color indicated.
1. Hydrated Lime: Do not use lime.
2. Pre-packaged Portland cement Mix: Pre-Packaged blend of Portland cement complying with
BS EN 197-1 / ASTM C150, Type I or Type III.
3. Aggregate for Mortar: BS EN 13139 / ASTM C144.
4. For mortar that is exposed to view, use washed aggregate consisting of natural sand or
crushed stone.
5. For joints less than 6.5 mm thick, use aggregate graded with 100 percent passing the 1.18
mm sieve.
6. Colored Mortar Aggregates: Natural sand or crushed stone of color necessary to produce
required mortar color.
B. Aggregate for Grout: BS EN 13055-1/ASTM C404.
C. Refractory Mortar Mix: Ground fireclay or non-water-soluble, calcium aluminate, medium duty
refractory mortar that passes BS ISO 13765-1 / ASTM C199 test; or an equivalent product acceptable
to authorities having jurisdiction.
D. Water Repellent Admixture: Liquid water repellent mortar admixture intended for use with concrete
masonry
E. Water: Potable.
F. Where required, use white cement, or a combination of grey and white cement, to match Control
Samples. White cement shall be general purpose with iron salts not exceeding 1%.

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2.3 JOINT REINFORCEMENT
A. Walls: Comply with ASTM A 951. Provide joint reinforcement formed from the following: at first
and second courses, and alternatively thereafter. Joint reinforcement shall also be installed in the last
two courses under the soffit of slab/beam.
1. Galvanised carbon-steel wire coil mesh:
ASTM A 641 (ASTM A 641M), Class 1, for interior walls;
ASTM A 153, Class B-2, for exterior walls
2. Description: Welded-wire units prefabricated with deformed continuous side rods (ASTM
A82) and plain cross rods into straight lengths of not less than 3 m, with prefabricated corner
and tee units, and complying with requirements indicated below:
a. Wire Diameter for Side Rods: 4 mm.
b. Wire Diameter for Cross Rods: 4 mm.
B. For single-wythe masonry, provide type as follows with single pair of side rods:
[Link] Ladder type with perpendicular cross rods spaced not more than 400 mm o.c.
C. 2.3.3 Multi-wythe masonry (cavity wall):
a. Prefabricated Hot dip galvanized welded-wire truss design with diagonal cross rods spaced
not more than 400mm o.c., and with continuous side rods (ASTM A82) length shall not be
less than 3 m.
i. Wire Diameter for Side Rods: 5 mm.
ii. Wire Diameter for diagonal Cross Rods: 5 mm.
D. Prefabricated Corners and Tees joint reinforcement for single and multi-wythe masonry walls.

2.4 TIES AND ANCHORS

A. Materials: Provide ties and anchors specified in subsequent paragraphs that are made from materials
that comply with eight subparagraphs below, unless otherwise indicated.
1. Mill-Galvanized, Carbon-Steel Wire: BS 4482 / ASTM A82; with BS EN 10244-2 / ASTM
A64/ A641M, Class 1 coating.
2. Hot-Dip Galvanized, Carbon-Steel Wire: BS 4482 / ASTM A82; with ASTM A153/A153M,
Class B-2 coating.
3. Stainless Steel Wire: ASTM A580/A580M, Type [304] [316].
4. Galvanized Steel Sheet: ASTM A653/A653M, Commercial Steel, G60 (Z180) zinc coating.
5. Steel Sheet, Galvanized after Fabrication: ASTM A1008/A 1008M, Commercial Steel,
hot-dip galvanized after fabrication to comply with ASTM A 153/A 153M.
6. Stainless-Steel Sheet: BS 149: Part 2 / ASTM A666, Type 304.
7. Steel Plates, Shapes, and Bars: BS 4449 / ASTM A36/A36M.
8. Stainless Steel bars: BS 1449: Part 2 / ASTM A666, Type 304.

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 B. Wire Ties, General: Unless otherwise indicated, size wire ties to extend at least halfway through
veneer but with at least 16 mm cover on outside face. Outer ends of wires are bent 90 degrees and
extend 50 mm parallel to face of veneer.
C. Individual Wire Ties: Rectangular units with closed ends and not less than 100 mm wide.
1. Z-shaped ties with ends bent 90 degrees to provide hooks not less than 50 mm long may be
used for masonry constructed from solid units or hollow units laid with cells horizontal.
2. Where wythes are of different materials, use adjustable ties with pintle and eye connections
having a maximum adjustment of 32 mm.
3. Wire: Fabricate from 6.4 mm diameter, stainless steel wire. Mill-galvanized wire tie may be
used in interior walls, unless otherwise indicated.
D. Adjustable Anchors for Connecting to Concrete (Dovetail anchor tie and dovetail slot): Provide
anchors that allow vertical or horizontal adjustment but resist tension and compression forces
perpendicular to plane of wall.
E. Dovetail anchor slot:
1. Galvanized sheet 0.9mm thick.
2. Length: 3000mm.
3. Throat dimensions 25x25x16mm, foam filled.
4. Dovetail anchors: Corrugated metal ties with dovetail tabs for inserting into dovetail slots in
concrete
a. Galvanized sheet 2.74mm thick.
b. Width: 25mm.
c. Length: 113mm (length does not include dovetail).
d. Dovetail measure in length: 25mm
F. Lateral Support for Wall Heads: Size and location as indicated on the drawings, and if not indicated
provide 80 x 80 x 80 x 8mm angle (ASTM A 153) staggered at 1000mm on both sides as wall head
lateral support. To be used where there is false ceiling and in service rooms.
G. Lateral Support for Wall Heads: 4 mm thick metal plate (hot-dip galvanized) with flanges (100mm
wide for the 150 mm wide CMU and 150mm wide for the 200mm wide CMU walls) x 75mm web
x 150mm long at 1200mm o.c. Max. To be used in areas where there is no false ceiling, other than
service rooms.
H. Corrosion Protection: Hot-dip galvanized to comply with ASTM A153/A153M Epoxy coating 0.51
mm thick Rust-inhibitive paint.

2.5 MISCELLANEOUS ANCHORS

A. Unit Type Inserts in Concrete: Cast-iron or malleable-iron wedge-type inserts.
B. Dovetail Slots in Concrete: Furnish dovetail slots with filler strips, of slot size indicated, fabricated
from 0.9 mm, galvanized steel sheet.

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 C. Anchor Bolts: Headed or L-shaped steel bolts complying with ASTM A307, Grade A (BS 7670-
1/ASTM F 568M, Property Class 4.6); with BS 3692:1967/ASTM A563 (ASTM A563M) hex nuts
and, where indicated, flat washers; hot-dip galvanized to comply with ASTM A153/A153M, Class
C; of dimensions indicated.
D. Post-installed Anchors: Provide chemical or torque-controlled expansion anchors, with capability to
sustain, without failure, a load equal to six times the load imposed when installed in solid or grouted
unit masonry and equal to four times the load imposed when installed in concrete, as determined by
testing per ASTM E488 conducted by a qualified independent testing agency.
1. Corrosion Protection: Carbon-steel components zinc plated to comply with ASTM B633, Class
Fe/Zn 5 (5 microns) for Class SC 1 service condition (mild).
2. Corrosion Protection: Stainless-steel components complying with ASTM F593 and ASTM
F594, Alloy Group 1 or 2 (ASTM F738M and ASTM F836M, Alloy Group 1 or 4 for bolts
and nuts; BS 1449: Part 2/ASTM A666, for anchors.
a. Available manufacturers: Subject to compliance with requirements, manufacturers
offering products that may be incorporated into the Work included, shall be as per list
of approved manufacturers

2.6 MISCELLANEOUS MASONRY ACCESSORIES

A. Compressible Filler: Pre-molded filler strips complying with ASTM D1056, Grade 2A1; compressible
up to 35 percent; of width and thickness indicated; formulated from urethane.
B. Preformed Control-Joint Gaskets: Made from styrene-butadiene-rubber compound, complying with
ASTM D2000, Designation M2AA-805 and designed to fit standard sash block and to maintain lateral
stability in masonry wall; size and configuration as indicated.
C. Bond-Breaker Strips: Asphalt-saturated, organic roofing felt complying with ASTM D226, Type I (No.
15 asphalt felt).
D. Weep/Vent Products: Use one of the following, unless otherwise indicated:
1. Wicking Material: Absorbent rope, made from cotton or UV-resistant synthetic fiber, 6 to10
mm in diameter, in length required to produce 50-mm exposure on exterior and 450 mm in
cavity between wythes. Use only for weeps.
2. Round Plastic Weep/Vent Tubing: Medium-density polyethylene, 9-mm OD by 100 mm long.
3. Rectangular Plastic Weep/Vent Tubing: Clear butyrate, 9 by 38 by 89 mm long.
4. Cellular Plastic Weep/Vent: One-piece, flexible extrusion made from UV resistant
polypropylene copolymer, full height and width of head joint and depth 3 mm less than depth
of outer wythe, in color selected from manufacturer's standard.
5. Mesh Weep/Vent: Free-draining mesh; made from polyethylene strands, full height and width
of head joint and depth 1/8 inch (3 mm) less than depth of outer wythe; in color selected
from manufacturer's standard.

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 6. Aluminum Weep Hole/Vent: One-piece, L-shaped units made from sheet aluminum, designed
to fit into a head joint and consisting of a vertical channel with louvers stamped in web and
with a top flap to keep mortar out of the head joint; painted before installation to comply with
Division 9 painting Sections in color approved by Engineer to match that of mortar.
7. Vinyl Weep Hole/Vent: One-piece, offset, T-shaped units made from flexible, injection-
molded PVC, designed to fit into a head joint and consisting of a louvered vertical leg, flexible
wings to seal against ends of masonry units, and a top flap to keep mortar out of the head joint;
in color approved by Engineer to match that of mortar.

2.7 MORTAR AND GROUT MIXES

A. General: Do not use admixtures, including pigments, air-entraining agents, accelerators, retarders,
water- repellent agents, antifreeze compounds, or other admixtures, unless otherwise indicated.
1. Do not use calcium chloride in mortar or grout.
2. Add cold-weather admixture (if used) at same rate for all mortar that will be exposed to view,
regardless of weather conditions, to ensure that mortar color is consistent.
B. Pre-blended, Dry Mortar Mix: Furnish dry mortar ingredients in form of a pre-blended mix. Measure
quantities by weight to ensure accurate proportions, and thoroughly blend ingredients before
delivering to Project site.
1. Comply with BS EN 998-2:2002/ASTM C270 Property Specification Wet mix life: < 1.5
hours;
2. Initial adhesion at 28 days : >0.3 N/mm2;
3. Bending strength : around 1N/mm2
4. Compressive strength : not less than 5 ± 1 N/mm2
5. Min. cement sand mix : 1:3-4
6. Testing : ASTM C780
C. Mortar for Unit Masonry: Comply with BS EN 998-2:2002 / ASTM C270 BIA, Technical Notes 8A
UBC Standard 21-15, Proportion Specification. For job mixed mortars, minimum properties shall be
as follows:
1. Bending strength : around 1N/mm2
2. Compressive strength : not less than 5 ± 1 N/mm2
3. Min. cement sand mix : 1:3-4
4. Testing : ASTM C780

D. Block wall Lateral Support Requirements

1. Block wall lateral support requirements (pilasters/beams) requirements are indicated on
structural drawings.

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PART 3 - EXECUTION

3.1 EXAMINATION
A. Examine conditions, with Installer present, for compliance with requirements for installation tolerances
and other conditions affecting performance of work.
B. Verify that reinforcing dowels are properly placed.

3.2 CONSTRUCTION TOLERANCES

A. Comply with construction tolerances in ACI 530.1/ASCE 6/TMS 602 and with the following:
B. Fill space between hollow metal frames and masonry solidly with mortar, unless otherwise indicated.
C. Where built-in items are to be embedded in cores of hollow masonry units, place a layer of metal lath,
wire mesh, or plastic mesh in the joint below and rod mortar or grout into core.
D. Fill cores in hollow concrete masonry units with grout 600 mm under bearing plates, beams, lintels,
posts, and similar items, unless otherwise indicated.

3.3 LAYING MASONRY WALLS

A. Fasten partition top anchors to structure above and build into top of partition. Grout cells of CMUs
solidly around plastic tubes of anchors and push tubes down into grout to provide 12-mm clearance
between end of anchor rod and end of tube. Space anchors 1200 mm o.c., unless otherwise indicated.
B. Wedge non-load-bearing partitions against structure above with small pieces of tile, slate, or metal.
Fill joint with mortar after dead-load deflection of structure above approaches final position.

3.4 MORTAR BEDDING AND JOINTING

A. Lay hollow concrete masonry units as follows:
1. With face shells fully bedded in mortar and with head joints of depth equal to bed joints.
2. With webs fully bedded in mortar in all courses of piers, columns, and pilasters.
3. With webs fully bedded in mortar in grouted masonry, including starting course on footings.
4. With entire units, including areas under cells, fully bedded in mortar at starting course on
footings where cells are not grouted.
B. Lay solid masonry units with completely filled bed and head joints; butter ends with sufficient mortar
to fill head joints and shove into place. Do not deeply furrow bed joints or slush head joints.
C. Tool exposed joints slightly concave when thumbprint hard, using a jointer larger than joint thickness,
unless otherwise indicated. Joints shall not be racked or tooled more than 3 mm deep unless otherwise
indicated.
D. Cut joints flush for masonry walls to receive plaster or other direct-applied finishes (other than paint),
unless otherwise indicated.

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3.5 COMPOSITE MASONRY
A. Bond wythes of composite masonry together using one of the following methods:
1. Individual Metal Ties: Provide ties as shown installed in horizontal joints, but not less than
one metal tie for 0.25 sq. m of wall area spaced not to exceed 600 mm o.c. horizontally and
400 mm o.c. vertically. Stagger ties in alternate courses. Provide additional ties within 300
mm of openings and space not more than 900 mm apart around perimeter of openings. At
intersecting and abutting walls, provide ties at no more than 600 mm o.c. vertically.
a. Where bed joints of wythes do not align, use adjustable (two-piece) type ties.
b. Masonry Joint Reinforcement: Installed in horizontal mortar joints.
c. Where bed joints of both wythes align, use ladder-type reinforcement extending
cross both wythes.
d. Where bed joints of wythes do not align, use adjustable (two-piece) type
reinforcement with continuous horizontal wire in facing wythe attached to ties.
e. Header Bonding: Provide masonry unit headers extending not less than 80 mm into
each wythe. Space headers not over 300 mm clear horizontally and 400 mm clear
vertically.
B. Bond wythes of composite masonry together using bonding system indicated on Drawings.
C. Collar Joints: Solidly fill collar joints by parging face of first wythe that is laid and shoving units of
other wythe into place.
D. Comers: Provide interlocking masonry unit bond in each wythe and course at comers, unless otherwise
indicated.
1. Provide continuity with masonry joint reinforcement at comers by using prefabricated L-
shaped units as well as masonry bonding.
E. Intersecting and Abutting Walls: Unless vertical expansion or control joints are shown at juncture, bond
walls together as follows:
1. Provide individual metal ties not more than 400 mm o.c.
2. Provide continuity with masonry joint reinforcement by using prefabricated T-shaped units.
3. Provide rigid metal anchors not more than 600 mm o.c. If used with hollow masonry units,
embed ends in mortar-filled cores.

3.6 CAVITY WALLS

A. Bond wythes of cavity walls together using one of the following methods:
1. Individual Metal Ties: Provide ties as shown installed in horizontal joints, but not less than
one metal tie for 0.25 sq.m of wall area spaced not to exceed 600 mm o.c. horizontally and
400 mm o.c. vertically. Stagger ties in alternate courses. Provide additional ties within 300

04 05 00 Common Work Results for Masonry 14 / 17

 mm of openings and space not more than 900 mm apart around perimeter of openings. At
intersecting and abutting walls, provide ties at no more than 600 mm o.c. vertically.
a. Where bed joints of wythes do not align, use adjustable (two-piece) type ties.
b. Where one wythe is of clay masonry and the other of concrete masonry, use
adjustable (two-piece) type lies to allow for differential movement regardless of
whether bed joints align.
2. Masonry Joint Reinforcement: Installed in horizontal mortar joints.
a. Where bed joints of both wythes align, use ladder-type reinforcement extending
across both wythes.
b. Where bed joints of wythes do not align, use adjustable (two-piece) type
reinforcement with continuous horizontal wire in facing wythe attached to ties.
c. Where one wythe is of clay masonry and the other of concrete masonry, use
adjustable (two-piece) type reinforcement with continuous horizontal wire in facing
wythe attached to ties to allow for differential movement regardless of whether bed
joints align
3. Header Bonding: Provide masonry unit headers extending not less than 80 mm into each
wythe. Space headers not over 300mm clear horizontally and 400 mm clear vertically
B. Bond Wythe of cavity walls together using bonding system indicated on Drawings.
C. Keep cavities clean of mortar droppings and other materials during construction. Bevel beds away from
cavity, to minimize mortar protrusions into cavity. Do not attempt to trowel or remove mortar fins
protruding into cavity
D. Coat cavity face of backup wythe to comply with Division 7 Section "Bituminous Damproofing."
E. Installing Cavity-Wall Insulation: Place small dabs of adhesive, spaced approximately 300 mm o.c.
both ways, on inside face of insulation boards, or attach with plastic fasteners designed for this purpose.
Fit courses of insulation between wall ties and other confining obstructions in cavity, with edges butted
tightly both ways. Press units firmly against inside wythe of masonry or other construction as shown.
F. Fill cracks and open gaps in insulation with crack sealer compatible with insulation and masonry.

3.7 ANCHORING MASONRY TO STRUCTURAL MEMBERS

A. Anchor masonry to structural members where masonry abuts or faces structural members to comply
with the following:
1. Provide an open space not less than 25 mm in width between masonry and structural
member, unless otherwise indicated. Keep open space free of mortar and other rigid
materials.
2. Anchor masonry to structural members with anchors embedded in masonry joints and
attached to structure.

04 05 00 Common Work Results for Masonry 15 / 17

 3. Space anchors as indicated, but not more than 600 mm o.c. vertically and 900 mm o.c.
horizontally.

3.8 CONTROL AND EXPANSION JOINTS

A. General: Install control and expansion joint materials in unit masonry as masonry progresses and where
indicated. Do not allow materials to span control and expansion joints without provision to allow for
in-plane wall or partition movement.
B. Form control joints in concrete masonry as follows:
1. Install preformed control-joint gaskets designed to fit standard sash block.
C. Provide horizontal, pressure-relieving joints by either leaving an air space or inserting a compressible
filler of width required for installing sealant and backer rod specified in Division 7 Section "Joint
Sealants.
1. Locate horizontal, pressure-relieving joints beneath shelf angles supporting masonry.
D. Location of movement joints is best formed:
1. At increasing walls, columns and other structural members.
2. At changes of wall height, thickness or where chases occur.
3. Associated with movement joints in adjacent structures.
4. Where a tiled wall finish is to be used.

3.9 FLASHING. WEEP HOLES, CAVITY DRAINAGE, AND VENTS

A. General: Install embedded flashing and weep holes in masonry at shelf angles, lintels, ledges,
other obstructions to downward flow of water in wall, and where indicated.
B. Install weep holes in head joints in exterior wythes of first course of masonry immediately above
embedded flashing and as follows:
1. Use round plastic tubing to form weep holes
2. Space weep holes 600 mm c.c., unless otherwise indicated.

3.10 FIELD QUALITY CONTROL

A. Inspectors: Contractor will engage qualified independent inspectors to perform inspections and
prepare reports. Allow inspectors access to scaffolding and work areas, as needed to perform
inspections.
B. Testing Agency: Contractor will engage a qualified independent testing and inspecting agency to
perform field tests and inspections indicated below and prepare test reports:
1. Payment for these services will be made by the Contractor at his own expense.
2. Retesting of materials failing to comply with specified requirements shall be done at
Contractor's expense.

04 05 00 Common Work Results for Masonry 16 / 17

 C. Testing Frequency: One set of tests for each 500 sq. m of wall area or portion thereof.
D. Mortar Test (Property Specification): For each mix provided, per UBC Standard 21-16.
E. Grout Test (Compressive Strength): For each mix provided, per UBC Standard

END OF SECTION

04 05 00 Common Work Results for Masonry 17 / 17

 SECTION 04 05 13
MASONRY MORTARING

PART 1 - GENERAL

1.1 RELATED DOCUMENTS

A. Drawings and general provisions of the Contract, including General and Supplementary
Conditions and other Division 1 Specification Sections, apply to this Section.

1.2 WORK INCLUDED

A. Mortar for concrete unit masonry.

1.3 RELATED WORK

A. 04 22 00: Concrete unit masonry

1.4 QUALITY ASSURANCE

A. Perform work in accordance with requirements of BS 4551- latest amendments.

1.5 REFERENCE STANDARDS

A. Latest amendments of following:
1. BS 12 -Ordinary Portland cement.
2. BS 890 - -Building limes.
3. BS 882 - -Aggregates from natural sources for concrete.
4. BS 4551 -Methods of testing mortars.
5. BS 4721 -Specification for ready-mixed building mortars.

2 PART 2 – PRODUCTS

2.1 ACCEPTABLE MANUFACTURERS

A. The Contractor shall submit to the Engineer/ Project Manager the names of three manufacturers and
their products which will be acceptable under this section. Approval of the manufacturer or product
must be obtained before proceeding with associated work.

2.2 MORTAR MATERIALS

A. Lime: The lime for mortars shall be complying with BS 890.
B. Portland cement: BS 12 ordinary Portland cement; grey colour, refer to Section: Concrete Works.
C. Sand: The sand for mortars shall comply with the requirements of the BS and local authorities.
D. Water: The water for mortars shall be as specified in Section 033000- Cast in Place Concrete.

2.3 ADMIXTURES
A. Admixtures shall only be used with the Engineer/ Project Manager's written approval and shall in
no way reduce the strength or durability of the mortars.

2.4 MORTAR MIX

04 05 13 – Masonry Mortaring 1/2

Masonary Mort
 A. Provide minimum 15 MPa mortar for non-load bearing walls and partitions.
B. Mortar mix as per the recommendations of the blocks manufacturer.
C. General: Mortar shall be cement/sand mortar (1:3) composed of one part ordinary Portland cement
to three parts of sand by volume of works above damp proof course level and mortars for below
damp proof course shall be one part sulphate resisting cement to three parts sand.

3 PART 3 – EXECUTION

3.1 PREPARATION
A. Examine and verify substrate suitability for product installation.
B. Protect existing construction and completed work from damage.

3.2 MIXING
A. Measure ingredients by volume using known capacity container.
B. Mix for 3 to 5 minutes in a mechanically operated mortar mixer.
C. Mix water with dry ingredients in sufficient amount to provide a workable mixture which will
adhere to vertical surfaces of masonry units.
D. Mortar Stiffened Because of Water Loss Through Evaporation:
1. Re temper by adding water to restore to proper consistency and workability.
2. Discard mortar reaching initial set or unused within two hours of mixing.
E. Pointing Mortar:
1. Mix dry ingredients with enough water to produce damp mixture of workable consistency
retaining shape when formed into ball.
2. Allow mortar to stand in dampened condition for 60 to 90 minutes.
3. Add water to bring mortar to a workable consistency before use.

3.3 MORTARING
A. Type M Mortar: Use for precast concrete panels and urging below grade //.
B. Type S Mortar: Use for masonry containing vertical reinforcing bars (non-engineered) masonry
below grade masonry solar screens and setting cast stone and engineered reinforced unit masonry
work.
C. Brick Veneer Over Frame Back Up Walls: Use Type S Portland cement lime mortar.
D. Type N Mortar: Use for other masonry work.
E. Type N Mortar: Use for pointing items and tuck pointing specified.

3.4 FIELD QUALITY CONTROL

A. Field Tests: Performed by testing laboratory specified in Section 01 45 29, TESTING
LABORATORY SERVICES.
1. Take and test samples during progress of work according to ASTM C780/C780M.

END OF SECTION

04 05 13 – Masonry Mortaring 2/2

Masonary Mort
 SECTION 04 22 00
CONCRETE UNIT MASONRY

PART 1 - GENERAL

1.1 RELATED DOCUMENTS

A. Drawings and general provisions of the Contract, including General and Supplementary
Conditions and other Division 1 Specification Sections, apply to this Section.

1.2 SUMMARY
A. Section Includes: Concrete unit masonry and supplementary items necessary for installation
including but not limited to Mortar & grout, steel reinforcing bars, ties & anchors, embedded
flashing and other miscellaneous masonry items.

1.3 DEFINITIONS
A. Load-Bearing Masonry: Masonry containing reinforcing steel in grouted cells for load- bearing
assemblies designed by Structural Engineer to support axial (gravity) loads and lateral
(wind/seismic) loads.
B. Masonry Terminology: Refer to NCMA TEK 1-4 and other referenced quality standards.

1.4 REFERENCE STANDARDS

A. The following latest amendments of British and American reference standards included in this
Section shall apply as specified. Where conflicts among codes, standards and specifications exist,
the one having the most stringent requirements shall govern:
1. BS 729: 1971 Specification for hot dip galvanized coatings on iron and steel articles.
2. BS 4482: 1985 Specs for Cold reduced steel wire for reinforcement of concrete.
3. BS 5178: 1975 Specification for pre-stressed concrete pipes for drainage & sewage.
4. BS 6073 (part 1 & 2): Precuts concrete masonry units.
5. BS 6398: 1983 Specification for bitumen damp-proof courses for masonry.
6. BS EN 771-4: 2001: 'Specification for Masonry units - AAC Mason
7. ASTM A82-97a - Standard Specification for Steel Wire, Plain, for Concrete
Reinforcement; 1997.
8. ASTM A153M-95 -- Standard Specification for Zinc Coating (Hot-Dip) on Iron and Steel
Hardware; 1995.
9. ASTM A366M-97 -- Standard Specification for Steel, Sheet, Carbon, Cold-Rolled,
Commercial Quality; 1997.

04 22 00 – Concrete Unit Masonry 1 / 12

 10. ASTM A635-91a -- Standard Specification for Steel, Sheet and Strip, Heavy-Thickness Coils,
Carbon, Hot-Rolled; 1991.
11. ASTM C90-99 -- Standard Specs for Load-Bearing Concrete Masonry Units; 1999.
12. ASTM C144-93 -- Standard Specification for Aggregate for Masonry Mortar; 1993.
13. ASTM C150M-97a -- Standard Specification for Portland Cement; 1997.
14. ASTM C207-91 -- Standard Specs for Hydrated Lime for Masonry Purposes; 1991.
15. ASTM C270-99 -- Standard Specification for Mortar for Unit Masonry; 1999.
16. ASTM C404-95 -- Standard Specification for Aggregates for Masonry Grout; 1995.
17. ASTM C476-99 -- Standard Specification for Grout for Masonry; 1999.
18. ASTM E119-98 -- Standard Test Methods for Fire Tests of Building Construction and
Materials; 1998.
19. NCMA-TEK 8-2A -- Removal of Stains from Concrete Masonry; National Concrete Masonry
Association; 1998.
20. Building Code Requirements for Masonry Structures, ACI 530-99.
21. Standards mentioned elsewhere in the document but not listed above.
B. Conform to the requirements of the concerned Municipality, including latest amendments.
C. ADIBC Abu Dhabi International Building Code

1.5 PROJECT CONDITIONS

A. Protection during Work: Prevent excess moisture from entering work in progress.
1. Cover tops of walls, projections, and sills with water-repellent tarps or heavy plastic sheets at
end of each day's Work.
2. Cover partially completed masonry when construction is not in progress.
3. Extend cover min of 24 in (600 mm) down both sides and hold cover securely in place.
4. Protect door and window frames from damage.
B. Stain Prevention: Prevent grout, mortar & soil from staining the outer masonry face (exposed or
painted). Immediately remove grout, mortar or soil coming in contact with such masonry.
1. Protect walls from rain-splashed mud and from mortar splatter by spreading coverings on
ground and over wall surface. Protect sills, ledges, and projections from mortar droppings.
Protect surfaces of window and door frames, as well as similar products with painted and
integral finishes, from mortar droppings.
2. Turn scaffold boards near the wall on edge at the end of each day to prevent rain from splashing
mortar and dirt onto completed masonry.
C. Warm Weather Requirements: Comply with building code or TMS 602/ACI 530.1/ASCE 6
whichever is more stringent, and the following:

04 22 00 – Concrete Unit Masonry 2 / 12

 1. Protect Work against uneven and excessive evaporation and from strong flows of dry air, both
natural and artificial. Apply and cure work as required by climatic and job conditions to prevent
dry-out during cure period. Provide suitable coverings, moist curing, barriers to deflect sunlight
and wind, or combinations of these, as required.
2. Cover or shade masonry units and mortar materials and use cool water for mortar whenever
ambient air temperature is 32 degrees C or greater. At air temperatures of 30 degrees C or
above, if relative humidity is less than 30 percent or wind is in excess of 25 kilometers per hour,
provide protection by immediately covering newly constructed walls, by providing windbreaks,
or by using fog spray to reduce rate of evaporation.

2 PART 2 – PRODUCTS

2.1 MATERIALS, GENERAL

A. Single Source Responsibility: Furnish each type of product from single manufacturer.
B. Provide secondary materials only as recommended by manufacturer of primary materials.
C. Masonry Units: Obtain exposed masonry units of a uniform texture and color, or a uniform blend
within ranges accepted for these characteristics.
D. Cementitious Materials: Obtain cementitious ingredients of a uniform quality, including color, for
each component.

2.2 MASONRY UNITS, GENERAL

A. Defective Units: Referenced masonry unit standards may allow a certain percentage of units to exceed
tolerances and to contain chips, cracks, or other defects exceeding limits stated in the standard. Do
not uses units where such defects, including dimensions that vary from specified dimensions by more
than stated tolerances, will be exposed in the completed Work or will impair the quality of completed
masonry.
B. Special Shapes: Provide shapes as indicated & as follows for each form of masonry unit:
1. Provide special shapes for lintels, corners, jambs, sashes, movement joints, headers, bonding,
and other special conditions.
2. At interior locations, provide bullnosed units for outside exposed corners, unless otherwise
indicated. At exterior locations, provide square-edged units for outside exposed corners, unless
otherwise indicated.
C. Damp proof Course: Unless shown otherwise damp-proof course shall be hessian based to BS 6398,
with a minimum weight of 3.9 kg/sq.m.
D. Weep holes shall be 12mm dia. Polyethylene or PVC tubes of length suitable to ensure drainage.
E. All 200mm thick blockwork shall be non-load bearing hollow blockwork unless mentioned otherwise.
04 22 00 – Concrete Unit Masonry 3 / 12
 F. All the partition walls shall be in 100mm/200mm thick solid/hollow blocks as detailed on relevant
architectural drawings and shall be built as per contract specifications.
G. Block work below ground and in contact with soil shall be in 200mm thick load bearing solid SRC
blocks and shall be protected as per specifications.
H. Approved wall ties shall be provided between alternate course of blockwork fixed to the adjacent RC
columns or walls.
I. 100mm thick hollow block partition walls having height of more than 2000mm shall be provided with
an intermediate stiffener beam of size 100x200mm deep ( refer to structural drawings for intermediate
beam reinforcement requirements)
J. Bed joint reinforcement shall be provided in blockwork as per specification.
K. Concrete band beam 200x200mm reinforced with 4t12 & t10@200c/c links should be provided at the
middle height of block work or at lintel level if height of block wall exceeds 3.5m.
L. Reinforced Concrete band column 200x200mm reinforced with 4T12 & T10@200c/c links should be
provided in block wall with spacing not exceeding 5.0m. Band column should be provided at the
corners & ends of block wall. Reinforcement of column should be anchored in the beam or slab below.
M. Solid blocks shall have minimum crushing strength of 12.5 N/mm2
N. Non-load bearing hollow blocks shall have a minimum crushing strength of 7.5 n/mm2.
O. Concrete filled hollow blocks shall be filled with concrete of minimum strength of 20 n/mm at 28
days and maximum size of aggregates to be 10mm. height of pours should not exceed 1200mm.
P. Blocks that are below ground shall be solid block.
Q. Blocks wall density shall not exceed 18 kN/m3.
R. Plaster density shall not exceed 20 kN/m3.

2.3 PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS

A. Fire-Resistance Ratings: Where indicated, provide materials and construction identical to those of
assemblies with fire-resistance ratings determined according to ASTM E 119/NFPA 251/ UL 623 by a
testing and inspecting agency, by equivalent concrete masonry thickness, or by other means, as acceptable
to authorities having jurisdiction.

2.4 CONCRETE MASONRY UNITS (CMU)

A. Shapes: Provide shapes indicated and as follows:
Provide special shapes for lintels, comers, jambs, sashes, movement joints, headers, bonding, and
other special conditions.
1. Provide square edged units for outside corners, unless otherwise indicated as bullnose.
2. Concrete blocks shall be manufactured to the following types:
a. 100 mm thick - hollow

04 22 00 – Concrete Unit Masonry 4 / 12

 b. 100 mm thick - solid
c. 150 mm thick - hollow
d. 150 mm thick - solid
e. 190 mm thick - hollow (200 mm thick nominal)
f. 190 mm thick - solid
g. 75 mm thick - solid
B. Concrete Masonry Units: Non-load bearing to BS EN 772-2 / BS EN 771-3 1/ASTM C129and as
follows:
1. Unit Compressive Strength: Provide units with minimum average net-area compressive
strength of 7.5 MPa non-load bearing.
2 Weight Classification: Normal weight.
3. Hollow concrete masonry units are 55% solid.
4. Fire rating for concrete masonry units including cement plaster facings shall be as follows:
a. 2 H for 100 mm solid blocks and 4 H for 150 mm solid blocks
b. 1 H for 100 mm hollow blocks and 2 H for 150 mm hollow blocks
5. Provide Type I, moisture controlled units.
a. 200 mm nominal 190 mm actual by full length 400 mm.
6. Faces to Receive Plaster: Where units are indicated to receive a direct application of plaster,
provide textured-face units made with gap-graded aggregates.
7. Starter courses shall be half-height (100 mm) for even coursing at top of door frames.

C. Aerated Concrete Block for Estidama compliance: AAC thermalite Blocks J1,
1. Dry Density: 450 ±10% Kg/M3 min.
2. Avg. Normalized Compressive strength: 2.8 N/MM2.
3. Thermal Conductivity: 0.12 W/m.k0. maximum.
4. Fire resistance: 4 hrs minimum.
5. Acid Soluble sulphate (SO3): 0.9 % by mass (max)

D. Thermal Block: 200mm concrete block with polystyrene insert, provided by registered manufacturer,
according to the minimum requirements as following.

2.5 LINTELS
A. Steel Angle Lintels: Materials complying with Division 05 Section “Metal Fabrications” for loose
masonry lintels (Designation MF), with schedule as shown on the Drawings.
B. Cast-in-Place Concrete Lintels: Concrete materials complying with Division 03 Section “Cast-in-Place

04 22 00 – Concrete Unit Masonry 5 / 12

 Concrete” for color, texture, and compressive strength indicated or required, and with reinforcing bars to
support loads indicated.
C. Masonry Lintels: Prefabricated or built-in-place masonry lintels as shown of the Drawings made from
bond beam concrete masonry units with reinforcing bars placed as indicated and filled with coarse grout.
Cure prefabricated lintels before handling and installing.

2.6 MORTAR AND GROUT MATERIALS

D. Portland cement: ASTM C 150, Type I, natural gray color or white cement as required to produce mortar
color required.
E. Hydrated Lime: Material Quality Standard: ASTM C 207, Type S.
F. Portland Cement-Lime Mix: Packaged blend of Portland cement and hydrated lime containing no other
ingredients. Following types of cement shall not be permitted:
G. Masonry Cement: ASTM C 91.
H. Mortar Cement: ASTM C 1329.
I. Aggregate for Standard Gray Mortar: confirming to ASTM C 144.
J. Mortar Exposed to View: washed aggregate consisting of natural sand or crushed stone.
K. Joints (< 6mm thick): Use aggregate graded with 100% passing no.16 (1.18mm) sieve.
L. Aggregate for Grout: ASTM C 404.
M. Water-Repellent Admixture: Liquid water-repellent mortar admixture intended for use with concrete
masonry units, containing integral water repellent by same manufacturer.
N. Locations: Exterior single-wythe conditions.
O. Water: Potable, clean, of 7-9 pH value and free of amounts of oils, acids, alkalies, salts, organic materials,
or other substances that are deleterious to mortar or any metal within the wall. inorganic impurities in
water used shall not exceed the following limits:
1. Total dissolved ions 2000 PPM
2. Chloride 600 PPM
3. Sulphates 500 PPM
4. Alkalis, carbonates and bicarbonates 1000 PPM

2.7 JOINT REINFORCEMENT

A. Masonry Joint Reinforcement, General:
1. Welded-wire units prefabricated into straight lengths, with deformed continuous side rods and
plain cross rods
2. Product Quality Standard: ASTM A 951 / A 951M.
3. Exterior Walls: Hot-dip galvanized, carbon steel, ASTM A 82 / A 82M with ASTM A 153 /
A 153M, Class B-2 coating.

04 22 00 – Concrete Unit Masonry 6 / 12

 4. Interior Walls: Mill galvanized, carbon steel, ASTM A 641 / A 641M.
5. Wire Size for Side Rods: 0.187 in (4.76 mm) diameter or as indicated.
6. Wire Size for Cross Rods: 0.148 in (3.77mm) diameter or as indicated.
7. Spacing of Cross Rods, Tabs, and Cross Ties: Not more than 16 in (400 mm) on centers.
8. Lengths: Not less than 10 ft (3 m), with prefabricated corner and tee units.
9. Width: Approximately 50 mm less than nominal wall width, providing not less than 16mm mortar
coverage on exterior exposures and 13 millimeters elsewhere.
10. Masonry Joint Reinforcement for Single-Wythe Masonry: Either ladder or truss type with single
pair of side rods.

2.8 REINFORCEMENT
A. Uncoated Steel Reinforcing Bars Product Quality Standard: ASTM A 615 / A 615M or ASTM A 996 / A
996M, Grade 60 (Grade 420). Sizes as indicated on the Drawings.

2.9 ANCHORS AND TIES

A. Materials:
1. Exterior locations or in contact with earth and Interior locations: Steel wire as per ASTM A82M: Hot-
dip galvanizing (after fabrication): ASTM A153M, Class B-2.
2. Anchors and miscellaneous sheet metal in masonry accessories at exterior exposures: Hot-dip
galvanized steel sheet: ASTM A635M or ASTM A366M; galvanizing in compliance with ASTM
A153M, Class B.
B. Sizes and Thicknesses: If not indicated below, as shown on Drawings, required by building code, or
required by TMS 602/ACI 530.1/ASCE 6.
C. Adjustable Anchors for Connecting to Concrete or Structural Steel: Two-piece adjustable veneer
anchoring system.
D. Anchors: Zinc alloy barrel, flanged head, screw and eye, with drilling threads suitable for structural
substrate.
E. Ties: Hot-dip galvanized, carbon-steel wire, 5 mm pre-coated diameter, triangular shaped ties, size as
required to provide maximum bond, not less than 50 mm.
F. Adjustable Anchors for Connecting to Structural Steel Framing: Anchors that allow vertical or horizontal

G. adjustment but resist tension & compression forces perpendicular to wall plane.
H. Anchor Section for Welding to Steel Frame: Crimped 1/4 in (6 mm) diameter wire.
1. Tie Section: Triangular-shaped wire tie, sized to extend within 25 mm of masonry face.
I. Adjustable Anchors for Connecting to Concrete: Anchors that allow vertical or horizontal adjustment but
resist tension and compression forces
04 22 00 – Concrete Unit Masonry 7 / 12
 perpendicular to plane of wall.
1. Connector Section: Dovetail tabs for inserting into dovetail slots in concrete and attached to tie
section.
2. Tie Section: Triangle-shaped wire tie, sized to extend within 25 mm of masonry face.
J. Rigid Anchors: Fabricate from steel bars 38mm wide x 6mm thick x 600mm long, with ends turned up
50mm or with cross pins, unless otherwise indicated, or bent to configuration indicated.

2.10 MISCELLANEOUS MASONRY ACCESSORIES

A. Compressible Filler: Pre-molded filler strips formulated from neoprene; compressible up to 35 percent;
of width and thickness indicated, confirming to ASTM D 1056, Grade 2A1.
B. Pre-formed Control Joint Gaskets: Either styrene-butadiene rubber compound complying with ASTM
D2000, 2AA-805; or PVC complying with ASTM D2287, Type PVC 654-4.
C. Bond Breaker Strips: Asphalt-saturated, organic roofing felt (No. 15 asphalt felt), confirming to ASTM
D 226, Type I.
D. Reinforcing Bar Positioners: Description: Wire units designed to fit into mortar bed joints spanning
masonry unit cells with loops for holding reinforcing bars in center of cells. Units are formed from 0.142
in (3.6 mm) steel wire, hot-dip galvanized after fabrication. Provide units with either two loops or four
loops as needed for number of bars indicated.
E. Cavity Wall Insulation: As specified in Division 07 Section “Thermal Insulation”.

2.11 MORTAR AND GROUT MIXES

A. General: Mix cementitious materials in a mechanical batch mixer with a sufficient amount of water to
produce a workable consistency for min 3 minutes to 5 minutes; do not hand mix.
1. Admixture Limitation: Do not use admixtures, including pigments, air-entraining agents, accelerators,
retarders, water-repellent agents, antifreeze compounds, calcium chloride, or other admixtures, unless
otherwise indicated.
a. Water-Repellent Admixture: Use water-repellent admixture in the mortar for concrete masonry units
at single-wythe conditions.
2. Cementitious Limitation: Limit cementitious materials in mortar and grout to Portland cement and lime.
3. Ingredient Measurement: Measure in a one cubic foot batching box before mixing for component
materials not pre-blended, prepackaged or containerized.
4. Aggregate Moisture Content: Monitor moisture content of aggregates and exercise caution when mixing
to avoid over or under-sanding of the mortar.
B. Pre-blended, Dry Mortar Mix: Furnish dry mortar ingredients in form of a pre-blended mix. Measure
quantities by weight to ensure accurate proportions, and thoroughly blend ingredients before
delivering to Project.

04 22 00 – Concrete Unit Masonry 8 / 12

 C. Mortar Mix:
1. Mix Quality Standard: ASTM C 270, Proportion Specification for Portland cement-lime mortars,
Types as follows for applications stated unless another type is indicated:
a. Non-Load-Bearing (Non-Reinforced) Masonry: Type N.
b. Load-Bearing (Reinforced) Masonry, Exterior, above-grade walls: Type M or S.
c. Other Applications: Type N where another type is not indicated.
2. Mortar Color: Standard gray, unless indicated otherwise.
D. Grout for Unit Masonry: with Product Quality Standard ASTM C 476, as following details:
1. Use grout of type indicated or, if not otherwise indicated, of type (fine or coarse) that will comply
with Table 1.15.1 in TMS 602/ACI 530.1/ASCE 6 for dimensions of grout spaces and pour height.
2. Use fine grout in grout spaces less than 2 in (50 mm) in horizontal dimension.
3. Use course grout in grout spaces 2 in (50 mm) or more in least horizontal dimension.
4. Provide grout with a slump of 8 to 11 in (200 to 275 mm) as measured according to ASTM C 143 /
C 143M.

3 PART 3 - EXECUTION
3.1 Placing of Masonry
A. First layer of blocks to be solid blocks.
B. Units shall be laid on solid beds of mortar, webs and shells of hollow units to be covered, vertical joints
between units shall be solid filled.
C. Masonry units shall be set out with a story rod so that coursing lines up at steel shelf angles, sills, heads
of windows and doors with full courses.
D. Walls shall be kept level at all times. Do not install any portion of wall more than 1.2 m in height in any
particular day. Carry up walls in a uniform manner, no part being raised more than 1000 mm

E. above any adjacent un-built course, and no area of walling higher than 600 mm, above any course which
is not fully set. Angles and reveals shall be kept true, square and plumb. Broken walls must be laid up
with a lead.

F. Walls shall be constructed as true planes and when tested with a 3000 mm straight edge placed anywhere
on the wall in any direction shall be true to place within 3 mm and plumb within 4 mm. Each horizontal
joint shall be level and at same height in all walls around the room and true to the lines and dimensions
indicated on the drawings. Unsatisfactory work shall be removed and replaced.
G. Intersecting concrete block walls shall be tied together in a masonry bond.

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 H. Where fire-rated walls are called for, construct walls with block of proper solids content to provide the
required rating.
I. Provide special units at jambs, heads, sills, corners and bonding blocks as required. External corners shall
be bull-nosed throughout.
J. Extend masonry partitions, unless shown otherwise, to within 20 mm of underside of structure. Fill the
20 mm gap with insulation under 25% compressions, so placed that space is left each side of the finished
wall to accept joint sealant. At fire-rated enclosures ensure gap at top is filled and sealed to meet wall
fire rating and BS 476 part 20 fire resistances, whichever is greater.
K. Install in masonry all nailing plugs, ground, inserts, anchors and other items supplied by other trades,
and where required so as to receive anchor bolts for the securing of wall cabinets, shelves, vanities, etc.

3.2 Joint Finishing

A. Unless otherwise specified, rod all joints in exposed masonry work (concave). Use a plastic pointing tool
which will not cause staining of the mortar.
B. Concrete block which is to be plastered directly or which is to receive tiles applied with a mortar bed,
shall have the joints raked back 12 mm for the full thickness of the joint.
C. Use flush joints for concrete block walls which are not exposed in the finished work, or plastered direct.
D. Rake-out joints where interior walls and partitions butt to concrete columns to a depth of 12 mm on sides,
full height, ready to receive sealants, specified under Section 07920.

3.3 Lintels and Bearing Blocks

A. Install reinforced concrete lintels over openings in concrete block walls. Lintels shall a minimum of 200
mm bearing on supporting masonry.
B. Install solid concrete masonry bearing blocks at the jambs of all concrete block. The bearing blocks to
be of the same material as the adjacent wall surfaces.
C. Contractor, at his option, may provide cast-in-place concrete lintels, or precast concrete lintels with the
approval of Engineer.

3.4 Grouting
A. Grout pressed steel frames in masonry walls to full height of jamb, using 6 mm gravel, sand and cement.
B. Grout with 25 N/mm2 concrete with 6 mm aggregate all voids containing rebars.

3.5 Anchors

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 A. To Provide Lateral Support:
1. Intersecting bearing walls shall be tied together with a prefabricated "Tee Section" of wall
reinforcement or strap anchor set in the second bed course and every third course thereafter, full
height of wall.
2. Tops of masonry walls shall be secured to cast-in-place concrete slabs above with strap anchors
securely fixed to the slab and securely embedded into mortar joints of the wall. Space anchors
not more than 600 mm apart.

3.6 Horizontal Reinforcing

A. Reinforce all concrete block walls and partitions with horizontal reinforcing bars as follows:
1. Reinforcement to be set in mortar bed joints and lapped at least 300 mm at all splices and at corners
and intersections.
2. Reinforcement to terminate at each side of expansion & control joints.
3. Reinforcement to be continuous and set in the second bed course at 200 mm height from slab and in
every third bed course @ 600 mm thereafter, to full height of wall or partition.
4. Bed joint of the top course of block is to be reinforced in all cases.
5. Reinforcement to be set in the second and third bed joints 200 mm apart immediately above lintels and
below sills of openings and shall extend at least 900 mm beyond the jambs.

3.7 Vertical & Horizontal Stiffeners

A. Block work: Generally all the block work including solid, hollow, and reinforced block work shall be
constructed as per contract specifications.
1. All 200 mm thick block work shall be non-load bearing hollow block work unless mentioned
otherwise
2. All the partition walls shall be in 100 mm/200 mm thick solid/hollow blocks as detailed on relevant
architectural drawings and shall be built as per contract specifications
3. Block work below ground and in contact with soil shall be in 200 mm thick load bearing solid
SRC blocks and protected as per specifications.
4. Approved wall ties shall be provided between alternate course of block work fixed to the adjacent
R.C. columns or walls
5. All 100 mm thick hollow block partition walls having height of more than 2100 mm shall be
provided with an intermediate stiffener beam of size 100x200 mm deep (reinforcement 1-Y12
top/bottom, Y8-200 c/c links)
6. Bed joint reinforcement shall be provided in block work as per specification
7. concrete band beam 200x200 mm reinforced with 4T12 & T10@200c/c links should be provided
at the middle height of block work or at lintel level if height of
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 block wall exceeds 3.5 m
8. Reinforced concrete band column 200x200 mm reinforced with 4T12 & T10@200c/c links should
be provided in block wall with spacing not exceeding 5.0 m band column should be provided at
the corners and ends of block walls. Reinforcement of column should be anchored in the beam or
slab below.

3.8 Control Joints

A. Construct vertical control joints in masonry walls at maximum 6000 mm o.c. and/or where directed
by Engineer. Joints shall be constructed full height of the walls or partitions. Joints shall be formed
by using one half and full blocks to form a continuous straight vertical joint and placing continuous
tarred or waxed paper or asphalt emulsion on the end half-cells of the blocks; the resulting center
key cavity is to be completely filled with mortar as each course is placed. Vertical joint between the
block ends shall be raked out to a depth of 12 mm full height, both sides and left ready to receive
caulking specified under Section 07 92 00.

3.9 Cleaning
A. As the work proceeds, carefully remove mortar splashes from masonry surfaces and adjoining
surfaces. After completing each section of the wall, clean down surfaces and make good where
required.
B. In all cases, first clean a sample area of masonry in an approved location and obtain approval of
Engineer, before completing work.

END OF SECTION

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