PROBLEM SET 8.3. Classification of Reactions.
1. Magnesium reacts with oxygen to synthesise a certain compound. Calculate how many grams of
this compound are obtained when 5 g of Mg are burned.
2. Nitrogen and hydrogen produce the synthesis of a certain compound. What volume of H2,
measured at standard conditions (STP), is required to react with 14 g of N2?
3. Potassium chlorate decomposes upon heating into potassium chloride and oxygen. Calculate
the mass of chlorate required to obtain 10 litres of O2 at 1 atm and 27 °C.
4. Calcium carbonate decomposes thermally in the usual way. If we start from 200 g of a mineral
with 80% purity in calcium carbonate, what mass of CaO will we obtain?
5. Zinc reacts with hydrochloric acid, releasing the well-known products. Calculate the volume of
the gas formed, measured at 700 mmHg and 25 °C, when 10 g of Zn react. What is the density of
said gas?
6. A copper sheet is introduced into a silver nitrate solution. Copper(II) nitrate and metallic silver
are formed. If 2 g of silver are deposited, how many grams of copper have dissolved?
7. The "golden rain" reaction is a classic example of a double displacement reaction. 50 mL of a
0.1 M lead(II) nitrate solution are mixed with 100 mL of a 10% by mass potassium iodide solution
with ρ = 1.4 g/cm3. Calculate the mass of the yellow lead(II) iodide precipitate that forms.
8. What volume of 0.5 M sulfuric acid is needed to completely neutralise 25 mL of a 1.2 M sodium
hydroxide solution?
9. Methane burns. Calculate the volume of air needed, at standard conditions, to burn 32 g of
methane.
Note: Remember that the main component of air is gaseous nitrogen, while oxygen accounts for
only 21% of the total volume of air.
10. When 100 g of propane are burned, what mass of water is generated?
11. Ethanol reacts with oxygen. If 44 g of a certain toxic gas are produced, how many grams of
ethanol have been burned?
12. In the combustion of 120 g of butane, 300 g of carbon dioxide are obtained. Calculate the
percentage yield of the reaction.
13. Balance the following reactions using the half-reaction (ion-electron) method:
a) KMnO4 + KNO + HCl → MnCl2 + KNO3 + KCl + H2O
b) HNO3 + H2S → NO + H2SO4 + H2O
c) KCl + KMnO4 + H2SO4 → MnSO4 + K2SO4 + Cl2 + H2O
d) K2Cr2O7 + HI + HClO4 → I2 + Cr(ClO4)3 + KClO4 + H2O
e) K2Cr2O7 + HCl → Cl2 + CrCl3 + KCl + H2O
f) HNO3 + As → H3AsO4 + NO2 + H2O
g) Sn + HNO3 → SnO2 + NO + H2O
h) Fe + HNO3 → NH4NO3 + Fe(NO3)2 + H2O
i) Fe + HNO3 → NH4NO3 + Fe(NO3)3 + H2O
j) H3AsO4 + Zn + HCl → AsH3 + ZnCl2 + H2O
k) KNO3 + Zn + H2SO4 → ZnSO4 + (NH4)SO4 + K2SO4 + H2O
l) HNO3 + PbS → PbSO4 + NO2 + H2O
m) HNO2 → HNO3 + NO + H2O
n) KBiO3 + MnCl2 + HCl → KMnO4 + BiCl3 + KCl + H2O
ñ) KMnO4 + Na2C2O4 + H2SO4 → MnSO4 + Na2SO4 + K2SO4 + CO2 + H2O
o) K2Cr2O7 + H2S + H2SO4 → S + Cr2(SO4)3 + K2SO4 + H2O
p) Na2SO4 + I2 + NaOH → NaI + Na2SO4 + H2O
q) KNO3 + MnO2 + KOH → KNO2 + KMnO4 + H2O
r) KClO3 + Cr(OH)3 + KOH → K2CrO4 + KCl + H2O
s) K2Cr2O7 + K2SO3 + H2O → Cr(OH)3 + K2SO4 + KOH
14. Potassium dichromate reacts with iron(II) chloride in the presence of HCl to give chromium(III)
chloride, iron(III) chloride and water. Calculate how many grams of iron(II) chloride react with 5 g of
dichromate.
15. Potassium permanganate reacts with oxalic acid (ethanedioic acid) and sulfuric acid to give
manganese(II) sulfate, carbon dioxide and water. What volume of CO2 (STP) is released when 0.2
mol of permanganate react?
16. 10 g of copper are made to react with 50 mL of 2 M nitric acid to give copper(II) nitrate, nitrogen
dioxide and water. Determine the mass of salt that forms.
17. Concentrated nitric acid oxidises tin to tin(IV) oxide, releasing nitrogen dioxide and water.
Calculate the mass of tin needed to produce 5 L of NO2 at 2 atm and 300 K.
18. Acetic acid reacts with methanol to give the well-known products. If 60 g of acid react with 40 g
of alcohol, calculate the mass of ester obtained.
19. A sulfuric acid solution of 42% by weight and ρ = 1.42 g/cm3 is available. Find:
a) The molarity of the solution.
b) The volume of that solution needed to prepare 400 mL of a 0.2 M solution.
20. o-Acetylhydroxybenzoic acid, better known as aspirin, is synthesised by the reaction of salicylic
acid (o-hydroxybenzoic acid) with acetic anhydride (C4H6O3), also producing acetic acid. If 10.0 g
of salicylic acid react with an excess of acetic anhydride and 11.2 g of pure aspirin are obtained in
the laboratory, calculate the yield of the reaction.
21. Ethyl acetate is a common solvent with a characteristic fruity smell. To produce it, 30 g of acetic
acid are mixed with 23 g of ethanol. How many grams of acetate will be produced? How many
grams of water?
22. A sample of 0.25 mol of methyl benzoate is available. A complete hydrolysis is to be carried out
to recover benzoic acid.
a) How many millilitres of a 2.0 M NaOH solution are required to completely saponify this sample?
b) Once the reaction is complete and the mixture is acidified, what is the maximum mass of benzoic
acid that can be recovered?
23. Rank the following 3 substances from greatest to least number of H atoms:
• 400 g of glucose with 75% purity.
• Half a litre of distilled water.
• 250 L of methane measured at 710 mmHg and 35 °C.
Problem Set 8.3 · Classification of Reactions · Physics and Chemistry 1 Bac