Scribd
Upload
6 views2 pages

Khurhidakhon Report 4

The document discusses the importance of research ethics, highlighting its role in protecting human subjects and providing guidelines for evaluating risks and benefits. It outlines key ethical principles established by the Nuremberg Code and the Declaration of Helsinki, as well as the necessity for informed consent and special protections for vulnerable participants. Additionally, it emphasizes the obligation of researchers to maintain confidentiality and safeguard personal information.

Uploaded by

xurshida.nabibullayeva
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
6 views2 pages

Khurhidakhon Report 4

The document discusses the importance of research ethics, highlighting its role in protecting human subjects and providing guidelines for evaluating risks and benefits. It outlines key ethical principles established by the Nuremberg Code and the Declaration of Helsinki, as well as the necessity for informed consent and special protections for vulnerable participants. Additionally, it emphasizes the obligation of researchers to maintain confidentiality and safeguard personal information.

Uploaded by

xurshida.nabibullayeva
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Khurshidakhon Nabibullaeva

26M3202
From this topic, I understood why we need ethics and why it is important. Research ethics
can be useful in several ways. Firstly, it provides many advantages including a structure for
analysis and decision making, it reminds us of the importance of protecting human subjects
in Human Subjects Research and it also gives practical guidelines for evaluating and
weighing the benefits and risks. Benefit from research perspective is personal or social.
Personal benefit can be gained by human subject in research if the investigated areas are
related to medicine or similar. In social line, the findings of research can provide benefits to
people living in a society.

Researchers should not neglect the factor of risk. Risk can be differently evaluated: the
probability and the magnitude of any harm that may occur.
The Nuremberg Code established key ethical principles like getting consent and measuring
benefits or risks. However, it did not carry any force of law. The Declaration of Helsinki was
established by the World Medical Association based on the Nuremberg Code. Beecher
Article which describes 22 examples of studies with controversial ethics, was written by
Beecher an anesthesiologist at a hospital affiliated by Harvard.

The National Research Act was passed in the U.S and it was published respected Belmont
Report, and this document is known as the Common rule.

Researchers must obtain informed consent from participants before conducting studies,
either in written, oral, or opt-out form. Special care is required in surveys and interviews,
especially if questions may cause distress.

Some participants are considered vulnerable including children, students, economically


disadvantaged individuals and need extra protection to ensure their participation is voluntary
and informed. Researchers must avoid coercion, manipulation, and undue influence, and
continuously assess participants’ ability to consent.

Researchers must also strictly protect personal information. This includes:

 Following legal guidelines


 Using anonymization or pseudonymization
 Preventing unauthorized access
 Obtaining consent before sharing data

Participants have rights such as:

 Privacy and confidentiality


 Access to their data
 The ability to withdraw participation
Finally, all researchers have a duty of confidentiality and must report any data breaches
immediately.

You might also like