2 English
SUBJECT : BOTANY
Topic : ECOSYSTEM
1. 4. When Niche of species becomes shorter or
specified it means :-
(a) Species diversity of an area is increasing
(b) Competition between species is higher
(c) Species density is increasing
(d) Resource partitioning increasing
(1) Only a (2) a, b, d
Which of the following are incorrect for the
(3) a, b, c (4) a, b, c, d
boxes given above ? 5. Carefully study the two food chains operating in
I. Members of box 'D' are more adversely a desert ecosystem.
affected by competition, than the members of
box 'A'.
II. Any member of any box given can not be (1) Pyramid of biomass of food chain 1 is
found linked with DFC (Detritus food chain) inverted while for food chain 2 is upright
III. Members of box A are top consumers and
they are given top positions in ecological (2) Both biomass and number pyramid of food
pyramids based on GFC (Grazing food chain). chain 1 is spindle shaped while for food
IV. Members of box B and C can be present in a chain 2 is upright
GFC as trophic level first and second (3) Pyramid of number of food chain 1 is
respectively. upright while for food chain 2 is inverted
V. Members of box D are primary producers in (4) Both fox and hawk are top consumers of
GFC.
food chain 1 and food chain 2 respectively
(1) I and III (2) II and IV
6. Which of the following may be the biotic
(3) II and V (4) I, III and V components of thermal springs and deep sea
2. Decomposeres are :- hydrothermal vents.
(1) Auto trophic (1) Red algae and green algae
(2) Chemo organotrophic (2) Oscillatoria and thermoacidophiles
(3) Chemo lithotrophs (3) Amphibians
(4) Heterotrophs (4) Brown algae and Angiosperms
3. Each organism occupies a particular trophic level
in a food chain. Moving from one trophic level to
the next involves an energy loss of about :-
(1) 50% (2) 90%
(3) 70% (4) 10%
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English 3
7. The humus content of grassland soil for example 10. Why the tropical deciduous forest trees shed
may be 600 tonnes per acre, compared with only their leaves ?
50 tonnes per acre for forest soils. (1) To save energy
Which one of the following should be the best
possible reason for such high amount of humus (2) To protect itself from heat
in grassland soils ? (3) To enhance rate of respiration
(1) Absence of aerobic bacteria and abundance (4) To prevent loss of water
of fungi.
11. In the nature Cuscuta and Raflessia is :-
(2) Fast humification and slow mineralisation.
(1) Decomposer
(3) Extremely acidic and anaerobic habitat.
(2) Primary consumer
(4) Extremely slow catabolism and complete
(3) Secondary consumer
absence of moisture.
8. The two climatic factors which largely determine
(4) Primary producer
the vegetation and soil types are :- 12. Tree —→ insects —→small bird —→ large
birds
(1) Temperature and precipitation
In this food chain energy flow will be :-
(2) Temperature and light
(1) Decreasing at successive trophic level
(3) Light and precipitation
(2) Increasing at successive trophic level
(4) Light and weather
(3) First decreasing then increases
9. A. Leaching from detritus do not cause any
(4) First increases then decreases
change in detritus quality and quantity.
B. In terrestrial systems, basidiomycetes 13. Which of the following options gives the correct
(fungi) are the primary agents of decomposition, categorisation of six animals according to the
type of feeding habits (A, B, C) :-
where as in aquatic ecosystems bacteria
including actinomycetes are most important. (A) (B) (C)
C. Not all plant and animal parts are Scavanger Predator Omnivorous
decomposed at the same rate.
Vulture, Lion, Peacock,
D. As decomposition proceeds and carbon is (i)
Snake Shark man
lost the concentration of mineral nutrients may
Vulture, Wolf,
increase. (ii) Man, crow
Earthworm Sparrow
E. In a detritus food chain based ecosystem,
Hunting
most of the energy follows a decomposition Vulture,
(iii) Fox, Ant Dog,
pathway on the 'unused' component. Hawk
Rabbit
How many of the given above are correct.
Decomposer
Sparrow Man,
(1) 5 (2) 4 (3) 3 (4) 2 (iv) bacteria &
goat Peacock
fungi
(1) Only (i) (2) Only (ii)
(3) (ii) & (iii) (4) (ii) & (iv)
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14. Which is not the example of link between two 19. Which of the following has maximum value of
ecosystem : Respiratory cost ?
(a) A leaf of tree falling into pond (1) Phytoplankton (2) Zooplankton
(b) A fish is eaten by bird
(c) A fish is eaten by man (3) Small fish (4) Large Fish
(d) Grass is eaten by goat 20. The given ecological pyramid represents
(1) a, b, c (2) b & d pyramid of energy in an ecosystem. What must
be the amount of energy in the form of light
(3) c & d (4) only d available to this ecosystem :-
15.
The pyramid of numbers for marine ecosystem,
Tropical deciduous forest, grassland and
temperate forest are depicted above.
Arrange pyramid in the order of ecosystem
mentioned above (1) 10,000 J (2) 1,00,000 J
(1) ii, iv, i, iii (2) iii, ii, iv, i (3) 1,000,000 J (4) 10,000,000 J
(3) i, iii, iv, ii (4) iv, ii, i, iii 21. The natural interconnections of food chains form
16. Jackal and crow are example of ? :-
(1) Parasite (2) Scavenger (1) A community
(3) Transducer (4) Predator (2) An ecosystem
17. Crop field is an example of :- (3) Food webs
(1) Natural ecosystem (4) Biogeochemical cycles
(2) Artificial ecosystem 22. Limiting factor for productivity in ocean is
(3) Temporary ecosystem (1) Nitrogen (2) Water
(4) All of the above (3) Oxygen (4) CO2
18. Non-essential component of an ecosystem is:- 23. "Flow of food energy is unidirectional but from
many different alternative pathway" it is a
(1) Phytoplankton
character of:-
(2) Rabbit
(1) Food chain
(3) Bacteria and Fungi
(2) Food web
(4) Water
(3) Both
(4) None of the above
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24. 28. Which one of the following regarding ecological
pyramid is correct ?
Above pyramid reperesent. (1) In most ecosystems, the pyramid of number
are inverted
(1) Pyramid of grassland on the basis of
biomass. (2) In tree-dominanted ecosystem the pyramid
of number is upright.
(2) Pyramid of grassland on the basis of
number. (3) The pyramid of energy is always upright
(3) Pyramid of aquatic ecosystem on basis of (4) In deep water ecosystem, the pyramid of
biomass biomass is upright
(4) Pyramid of energy 29. If decomposers are removed what will happen to
25. How many statements are correct :-
the ecosystem ?
(a) Pyramid of biomass in sea is inverted (1) Energy cycle is stopped
(b) Pyramid of energy is never inverted (2) Mineral cycle is stopped
(c) Atmospheric inputs of phosphorus through
(3) Consumers cannot absorb solar energy
rainfall are larger than carbon inputs
(d) Humus is highly resistant to microbial action. (4) Productivity increased
(1) One (2) Four 30. The rate at which light energy is converted into
chemical energy of organic molecules is the
(3) Two (4) Three
ecosystem's :-
26. What is true for following food web ?
(1) Net primary productivity
(2) Gross secondary productivity
(3) Net secondary productivity
(4) Gross primary productivity
31. Which of the following is not a favourable factor
for increasing the rate of decomposition ?
(1) B, C, D, E are producers
(1) Oxygen richness of soil.
(2) E, F, G, H are carnivores
(2) Detritus rich in lignin
(3) K is herbivore
(3) Warm environment
(4) I and J are secondary consumers
(4) High soil moisture
27. Which one of the following has the largest
population in a food chain :-
(1) Producers
(2) Primary consumers
(3) Secondary consumers
(4) Decomposers
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32. Which of the following statements is not correct 36. In a food chain, the total amount of living
about pyramid of biomass ? material, is shown by : –
(1) It may be upright or inverted (1) Pyramid of energy
(2) It is based on standing crop (2) Pyramid of numbers
(3) A large standing crop is always required to (3) Pyramid of biomass
support a small standing crop (4) Both (1) & (3)
(4) In a forest ecosystem it is always upright 37. Read the following statements regarding food
33. The figure shows an ecological pyramid. What chain and find out the correct answer :-
(a) Removal of tiger from on area resulted
must be correct for this pyramid ?
insured growth of grass/plants (vegetation)
(b) Removal of most of the carnivores resulted in
an increased population of deers.
(1) It is a pyramid of energy in aquatic (c) The length of food chain is generally limited
ecosystem. to 3-4 trophic livels.
(d) Energy flow is unidirectional.
(2) It is pyramid of number in grassland. (1) a,b,d (2) b, c and d
(3) It is a pyramid of biomass in grassland. (3) a,c,d (4) a,b,c & d
(4) It is a pyramid of biomass in a pond. 38. Read the following and find out which one is
34. The number of individuals in each trophic level incorrect about ecological pyramids :-
depends upon :-
(1) The number of individuals at the higher
trophic level
(2) The number of individuals at the lower
trophic level
(3) The number of food chains present
(4) The amount of sunlight available
35. The amount of stored organic matter in plant
tissue after respiratory (metabolic) utilisation is
called:-
39.
(1) G.P.P.
(2) N.P.P.
In above diagram B is :-
(3) N.C.P.
(1) Primary consumer
(4) Secondary productivity
(2) Secondary consumer
(3) Top consumer
(4) Producer
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40. Fill in the blank 43. This diagram is showing which type of food
The ............ productivity results in the chain and which organism is omnivores in this
accumulation of plant biomass, which serves as food chain ?
the food of herbivores and decomposers :-
(1) Gross primary
(2) Net primary
(3) Secondary
(4) Net community
41. Biomass is a :
(a) Dry weight of living organism
(b) Fresh weight of living organism
(c) Dry weight of dead organic matter
(d) Fresh weight of dead organic matter
(1) only a (2) a, b
(3) c,d (4) only c
42. "They need a constant supply of energy to
synthesise the molecules they require, to
(1) Grazing/Peacock
counteract the universal tendency towards
increasing disorderliness". Above lines (2) Parasitic/Snake
indicates:- (3) Detritus/Peacock
(1) First law of Thermodynamics in food (4) Parasitic/Plants
chain.
44. The annual net primary productivity of the whole
(2) Second law of Thermodynamics in food biosphere is :-
chain
(1) 190 billion tons
(3) Surface volume ratio
(2) 160 billion tons
(4) Internal homeostasis of organism
(3) 170 billion tons
(4) 150 billion tons
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45. How many statement are incorrect :- 48. Identify the correct match from the column-I and
(a) The number of trophic levels in the II :
grazing food chain is restricted. Column-I Column-II
(b) Organism at each trophic level depend
i Producer a Herbivore
on those at the higher trophic level for their
energy demands Biotic component
ii Primary consumer b
(c) Each trophic level has a certain mass of of Ecosystem
living material at a particular time called as the All producers
iii c Plants
standing crop and consumers
(d) Decomposers has the largest population
iv Micro consumer d Bacteria
in food chain
(1) a,c (2) b,d (3) a,d (4) b,c (1) i - a, ii - b, iii - c, iv - d
46. (A) NCP = NPP – GSP
(2) i - d, ii - c, iii - a, iv - b
(B) GPP = NPP + R (3) i - c, ii - a, iii - b, iv - d
(C) NPP = GPP – R (4) i - d, ii - b, iii - c, iv - a
(D) NSP = GSP – R
(E) NSP = GPP – R
49. Productivity is :-
(F) NPP = NCP + GSP (1) Basal metabolic rate
How many equations are correct for (2) Rate of biomass production
productivity:-
(3) Daily metabolic rate
(1) Only A, C, D are correct
(4) Energy consumption rate during growth
(2) Only C, D, F are correct and reproduction
(3) Only A, B, C, D are correct 50. Incorrect statement is/are :-
(4) A, B, C, D, F are correct A. In GFC size of organism increases towards
47. Given pyramid is observed in :-
higher trophic level
B. There may be a start of detritus food chain
from the every living organism of grazing food
chain
C. After the organismic death of any food chain
there may be a start of detritus food chain
D. At a time one species can participate in only
one type of food chain
E. Some of the organisms of DFC are prey to the
GFC animals
(1) Pyramid of number without any exception Options :
(2) Pyramid of energy without any exception (1) A and C (2) B and D
(3) Pyramid of biomass without any exception (3) D (4) E
(4) Both (1) and (3)
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