Tbeeriet f failune.

loads are actiog On

Wher
oill be bOme
conponeh t theta
point
the naterlal Thich i6 criticall
laaded
thi6 crical
abd conditiob
tailure .
oill lead -to
Tbeorg of Bailute qives the
Conditionßor tbe initati
a potot ib the material .

at
)MaxÎrouro priocpal stress tbeory
(Rankfre's theory)
Accordina to tbis tbeory the
failure os con ponen t subjetad to
combined atic at hor mal and
ocurs obebeVer the
GheaY stre45
reacbes tbe
oa xirouro pripcipal stress utate
strength or
gield (elastic)
aaterlal in ubiaxial
strengtb of t e
Sirople tension test
koben S -S ailure.
princi pal strecs

- Ty
 yield (ela stic) strength
Te > toen
salety 'n'
fe
Gactor ag
I

is applia ble
theory
Rankipe's
hoaterials
brittle
only fot
ttrecs tbeoy :
shar
Maxi um
&)
theoryl Guest's the oy)
(Tresca's
theory toe
Accotdipg to this
subjecta
coroponent
Gailure o, a boal and
coobiped actton oh
to the
strass oc Curs ooen
sheaY
stress at a y polnt
sbeare
oaxiuto hoa xioum sear
eual tb the.
becoroes
cuniaxial
tensile
obtained in
stress
stres s
shear stress in
be maxio uo
is aual to.
uniaxial tehsile stress

(or)
 ofen
when acto ey saledy

4 (Guéou)
4

e . * Guest -theon

only fo ductile raterial

Í5 applica ble
ipcipal strain theory :
3) Maxirau
heory )
(b4. Venant l& t
compohent
The tailure of
biped actiob of
Subjected to
coro
ocurs
stressec
shear
bormal and pnincipal strain
rouro
wben the hoart maxiouro stratb
becomes eaual
to max
in ubiaxial tension
hoaterial
o -tha

E
 n> faco ot
sasey
2
+ Tay
2

(i*)
density theory
4)/ Maximug strain enery4
(Haig b's theory):
conpobent
The Bailure o
bined
sulbiec ted to com
action of norml and stres

shea stresses ocurs

whenever the strain
energy dehsity (otrain str aio
volume )
hergY per usit btress

att the oost Critically strain diagram

stressad toint '1 toe btraib herq4

roaterial becoes equa to stored in a sporimar

po ot vouoe
Gtrain energy per b t
Yolume of tbe material at
elastic or yield point
 n

Marirmum sheat energ4 -tbeory (or)

s)5)
Distotion tbeo y:Von Mises tbecry)

subiec.
The Railure af compobent
ation of norrmal an
to corobined
sbear t r e s s
0ceurs obebever th
density sbeaY
( &t
stral
distortion energy
usit volune) of the moto|
eherqy per
becomes aaual to the distotiob eerau
material În ubiaial
density of the
tenst le stress

Ie Bactor of bafety s înc uuded,

) Tbe pr in pal stresses at a

an elastic materal are loe Noo2 tenilg,
so Nhoo (tensile), o NJo (compresw).
IÇ the stregSat e lastic liot
tension is Aoo NoDeteioine
sirele atenal
the fiwe q tbe
accordipg -to maximum prinlpal stes
theo y I bot doteri ne. ta factor
 Abs:
loo N/ro
The stres =
Maxieuo prineipal stress
tress at e a s t c liroitin
Siople tensi on

i tbat is mariro uro prinipal stress

i4 les5 taan e . Hence Bailure coilI
bot Our:

Aceording to axi mum principal

GtrosS theDry

b .
Factor of saety
t sate )

desianad to take up direct

Abolt is shear load of
tensile load zo kN a d a
of
l6 kN co th a factor of sateety of
ateial use is
of tba
Tbe yield otrongth
Calculote the oize of the bot
4o0 M Pa .
theories of fa)lure )
based on yar icus
Take u:o.
Ans:

+s l6 kN
 yield strength

400 MPa

(rooc)

o.3

ÁXial Gtress op
A

3o X108

38. a X103

shear stress

Tt i a too dipensi opal tress -ield.

bo it has Txy
38.2X103

Ty T.
 oaxirauo Pipcipal stress
Accardfog to
theory (Rankine's thooTy)

n
stres
T - aaor/axirauro prireipal

38.2x Io 38.2X1b3 12

d2

d2

19.1X1o? 1.42X 103

d 2

41 X Io3

400

4
41X03

47X 103
d
loo

470
- . 68 m

Accordig to maxiDun shear stress

theory (Tresca's tbeory Guest's tbeoy)
 0.37 X103)2

d
4

l459. 24 AJ0 676.083L xx16)

dt
55.S41

d
55.847

d : o g 55847
d a3. 63 hmm

Aceordig to Mari oum principal

strain theory: (st. Venant's theory)

41x109

°2 : 38.2x 10.
+0 (38.2x10 |2
ho3110*
)+

19.1x 10 3 Qo.31X0
+

4.xto3 Q7.92X|o3
d2
- 8.92X Io3
 8.2XIo3

o.3
d

4.646 X1o9

d = 4A646

densi ty
Accordi bg to strain ehergy
|theory (Haigb's theory):

d2

400

+ 77-7924, x10 48.124Yb

d4

&535.5164X0
d4

50.353q xio3 = 100

d42

d = 508. 534
d d. 44m
According to shcan nergy theoy
(oo) istotien t e o y (on ses

d (-8.82%10
= 400

ie04X10 1.1924X10* +44.54 XIo6

d4 d4

5|.97, YIo3
d2

A2 519.14

FoRMULA
theory
() Max. Pipcipal stress

(2) Max shear stress theory :

Max. sbeas stess
 EtilttiklE

(o)

(3) May priripal train theory

theoy
(4) stain energy density

(5) Distortion enengy dheeuy

(o)

als]'25 A soid steel ehat is Bubjected to 360o

Nm
o bendi na moment at a
evttieal polnt
and transioits a torque
toraue ofof 2EDO Nm
Tha yield strength af the shaft
hoaterial fs 281 Ma. Detemine the de
o tha shalt based on various theorleg
o6 Railure Take Bactor d saety
as 2 and
e = A31 MPa = a31 X10 N/ = a31 N

= D. 3
n=
 Bendfrg stress
stress M

M= Bendig Moment
Sectich Medulus

y’ ertreme bse
distane

I Kd+

32

Bending stress: M

(K
32M

Me =
Caiven N rho
35bOx Jo

3.5

lo
: 32 X 3 . 5 X

I|2 X1o6
Rd3

35.4 x I0
 tor nion, ea stus wll BC,
to

Bhear uess due to |6T fomula

ToYwien

(Tuwis ting momant toraue)

Given, TT 50o Nm
A500 XlO Nmm
04 NN

12. 13 xIo

B5.6Xo

Accoding to maximeuho Princi pal strecs

theony (Rankine's theory):

(
= 35.65X10
35.65XIo
d3 ds

2 (2.13 to|
7.825 xo +
d3 d3
d3

: 11.8sxo Q.90 x I06

o3
 39.125 YIO

ds

34.725 XIo
ds

34.125X to
|15.5

d 10.06 mm

to Maxium shcan strecs

Accordig
+eeouy (Tresca's theory Guest's tbeora)

2
= 35.65 X10
(35-65XIb2s1o!
+
d d3
2

= 1.825X10 QI.90x|o

d3 ds

4.075

39.125 YIo6
4015 X o
ds
d3

3.8 xo = l|5.5
d3

d: 1a.38 mm
Accordig to Maximuo prineipal strain
Venarta theory)
( st
sleouy (st

84. 125YI0 (o"3)(4o15 XIb" a31

d3
d3

34.725X)D .2225 x 0 = |15.5

d3
da

40.9475 x lo* = ||5.5

de

d 1o.11 mm

dehsity
According to strain ehergy
theory ( Haiab's theory):

4015YID |2 34.725xIo

39.125X1o42
d
) -a (o:3) d3

- 4015x 104)
d3

I59 4b12s xío41.276 25 x1D

db

I|5.5
 Aeeording to sheos energy theou
(on istocisn oy:

34.125Y10 o15 X1039.125I

-4.015;.
do

-4.015 XI0)
(-t
|156. 5bo 625 xío6) li5-5

do

= |15.5

d 1|.33 mm