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Class XI - Note Making

The heart is a vital organ that pumps oxygen-rich blood throughout the body, consisting of four chambers and valves to maintain circulation. Heart diseases can impair its function, leading to complications, but advancements in medical technology, such as the heart-lung machine developed by Dr. John Gibbon in 1953, have enabled successful open-heart surgeries. This innovation allows for repairs like valve replacements and the use of pacemakers, although the machine has limitations in terms of duration of use.

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Jai Kaushik
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5 views1 page

Class XI - Note Making

The heart is a vital organ that pumps oxygen-rich blood throughout the body, consisting of four chambers and valves to maintain circulation. Heart diseases can impair its function, leading to complications, but advancements in medical technology, such as the heart-lung machine developed by Dr. John Gibbon in 1953, have enabled successful open-heart surgeries. This innovation allows for repairs like valve replacements and the use of pacemakers, although the machine has limitations in terms of duration of use.

Uploaded by

Jai Kaushik
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

NOTE-MAKING

Read the following passage carefully

1The work of the heart can never be interrupted. The heart’s job is to keep oxygen-rich blood flowing
through the body. All the body’s cells need a constant supply of oxygen, especially those in the brain. Brain
cells live only four to five minutes after their oxygen is cut off, and death comes to the entire body.

2 The heart is a specialized muscle that serves as a pump. This pump is divided into four chambers
connected by tiny doors called valves. The chambers work to keep the blood flowing around the body in a
circle.

3 At the end of each circuit, veins carry the blood to the right atrium, the first of the four chambers. Its
oxygen has been used up and it is on its way back to the lung to pick up a fresh supply and to give up the
carbon dioxide it has accumulated.

4 From the right atrium, the blood flows through the tricuspid valve into the second chamber, the right
ventricle. The right ventricle contracts when it is filled, pushing the blood through the pulmonary artery,
which leads to the lungs. In the lungs, the blood gives up its carbon dioxide and picks up fresh oxygen. Then
it travels to the third chamber, the left atrium. When this chamber is filled it forces the blood through the
mitral valve to the left ventricle. From here it is pushed into a big blood vessel called aorta and sent around
the body by way of arteries.

5 Heart diseases can result from damage to the heart muscle, the valves of the pacemaker. If the muscle is
damaged, the heart is unable to pump properly. If the valves are damaged blood cannot flow normally and
easily from one chamber to another, and if the pacemaker is defective the contraction of the chambers will
become uncoordinated.

6. Until the twentieth-century doctors dared to touch the heart. In 1953 all this changed. After twenty years
of work, Dr John Gibbon of the U.S.A. had developed a machine that could take over temporarily from the
heart and lungs. Blood could be routed through the machine, bypassing the heart so that surgeons could
work inside it and see what they were doing. The era of open-heart surgery had began.

7 In the operating-theatre, it gives surgeons the chance to repair or replace a defective heart. Many patients
have had plastic valves inserted in their hearts when their own was faulty. Many people are being kept alive
with tiny battery-operated pacemakers; none of these repairs could have been made without the heart-lung
machine. But valuable as it is to the surgeons, the heart-lung machine has certain limitations. It can be used
only for a few hours at a lime because it’s pumping gradually damages the blood cells.

On the basis of your reading of the above passage make notes on it, using headings and sub headings.
Use recognizable abbreviations wherever necessary (minimum 4). Use a format you consider suitable.
Supply an appropriate title to it.

Write a summary in about 80 words.

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