A Test-Bed for Power Consumption Performance
Evaluation of AODV and DSDV Routing Protocols
in Mobile Ad-hoc Networks
Abdulrahman Issa Kh Shybub1, Tarek Mosbah Abdala2
1,
Computer Department
Higher Institute For Comprehensive profession Nalut
2,
Computer Department
Higher Institute For Comprehensive profession Kabaw
Abstract:
Mobile Ad-Hoc networks or MANET networks are mobile
wireless networks, capable of autonomous operation. Such networks
operate without a base station infrastructure. The nodes cooperate to
provide connectivity. Each mobile node in Ad Hoc network is capable of
routing packets and assists neighboring nodes to do so. In this dynamically
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A Test-Bed for Power Consumption Performance Evaluation ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ
changing topology environment the role of routing protocols are very
significant.
There are several factors which affect the performance of Ad Hoc
network routing protocols. For instance, network size and traffic load may
cause congestion. Limited transmission range, bandwidth and battery
power also make considerable impacts on network scalability. The
objective of this paper is to evaluate the power consumption performance
of two routing protocols; Ad-Hoc On Demand Distance Vector Protocol
(AODV) and Destination Sequenced Distance Vector Routing Protocol
(DSDV).
The evaluation of these two protocols was carried out using
Network Simulator-2 (ns2).
Keywords: Ad-hoc Network, Power Aware Routing, Routing
Protocols, AODV, DSDV.
1. introduction:
The interests of Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks (MANETs) have been
widely expanded from environmental monitoring applications to
infrastructure monitoring emergency medical response and military
surveillance applications (Becker, 2007). In Mobile Ad-Hoc networks,
routing mechanisms for reliable data communication with less power
consumption is one of the most important aspects due to the limited power
availability in each wireless node (Perkins, 2000). Since the
communication between two Mobile Ad-Hoc nodes consumes more
power, it is important to minimize the cost of power required for
communication by exercising power aware routing strategy.
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In this paper, the power metrics of AODV and DSDV are
compared by measuring the power consumption in terms of variation in
pause time.
2. Routing Protocols Classification in MANET:
Routing protocols for MANET can be classified into three main
categories: Flat, hierarchical and geographic routing protocols see Figure
(1).
Figure 1: MANET Routing Protocols
These categories are described bellow:
2.1 Flat routing protocol :
The first category of routing protocols is the flat routing protocol.
In flat networks, each node typically plays the same role where the ad hoc
nodes collaborate together to perform the sensing task (Biradar, 2009).
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Due to the large number of such nodes, the principal aim of flat routing is
to reduce power consumption and routing cost of MANET nodes by
making them within a cluster in order to perform aggregation and reduce
the number of messages transmitted to the base station (Tarek, 2014).
2.2 Hierarchical routing protocol :
This protocol is adopted to allow the system to cover a wider area
without degradation of service. (Kassim ,2011) This routing is based
primarily on the gateway nodes. In fact, if the nodes know that the
recipient is not in their immediate vicinity, they just send the request to the
gateway. In turn, it will forward the request to the target node.
2.3 Geographic routing protocol :
Routing protocol uses location-based information service to
discover the routing and data transmission (Rachit, 2011). This protocol
allows the directional transmission of information to avoid the flooded
data across the network. Therefore, the routing cost will be reduced and
the routing algorithm will be more optimized. In addition, the use of
network topology based on location information of nodes will provide
easily control and management of network. The disadvantage of these
routing protocols is that each node must know the locations of other nodes.
This paper is organized as follows: section 2, a description of the
DSDV and AODV routing protocols. Section 3 is a related work . Section
4, metrics taken into consideration in the simulation. Section 5, results are
presented . Section 6 conclusion and future work.
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Hesen Bab & [Link]., ـــــــــ ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ
2.1.1 Destination-Sequenced Distance-Vector Routing (DSDV) :
(DSDV) is a table driven protocol, which is based on the classical
Bellman-Ford routing mechanism (Tarek, 2014). Each node in the network
has to maintain a routing table, which records all possible destinations
within the network and the number of hops to them. A sequence number is
marked in each entry, and it can be used to judge the route - whether it is
too old or not. This will help to avoid the formation of routing loops
(Becker, 2007).
2.1.2 Ad Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) :
AODV discovers paths without source routing and maintains
table instead of route cache, which uses destination sequence numbers and
mobile nodes to respond to link breakages. changes in network topology in
a timely manner. It maintains active routes while they are in use and delete
unused routes (Kassim, 2011).
3. Related Work :
Many routing protocols for MANET have been proposed; but only
some of them have been evaluated their performances in term of energy
consumption. For instance (Rachit, 2011) presented some evaluations for
routing protocols in Mobile Ad hoc Network in terms of routing overhead,
throughput, packet loss, and delay but not energy consumption, (Kulik,
2009) evaluated DSDV and FSR in order to judge delay and packet
delivery ratio. Moreover, (Sunil, 2010) analyzed these four routing
protocol DSDV, AODV, DSR and TORA and showed that the energy
consumption in small size network was same in this paper. But, in large
and medium networks, they found a high efficiency for FSR and DSDV
and a poor efficiency in terms of power for TORA protocol. According to
(Tarek, 2014) the performance of DSDV and FSR routing protocols was
compared with respect to packet delivery, end-to-end delay, route length,
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and energy consumption. According to (Kassim, 2011). performance of
two reactive routing protocols including Any cast Routing based FSR and
Anycast routing protocol based on DSDV was evaluated with respect to
fraction of packets delivered, end-to-end delay, routing load, and energy
consumption for given traffic and mobility model. According to (Biradar,
2009) there is still a need to evaluate energy consumption of FSR and
DSDV routing protocols in terms of routing energy consumption and
average energy consumption through detailed simulation.
4. Simulation And Metrics:
4.1 Simulation Parameters :
The aim of these simulations is to compare AODV and DSDV
routing protocols for its efficiency in power consumption. This has been
made by measuring the power in terms of variation in Pause Time (PT)
and taking into consideration the remaining battery power. The simulation
tool that has been used in this study is ns2 (Sunil, 2010). The simulation
parameters are presented in Table (1).
Table 1: Simulation Parameters
Parameters Value
Routing Protocols DSDV, AODV
Max. number of nodes (N) 20
MAC type IEEE 802.11
Traffic type Constant bit rate
Agent UDP
Queue length 50 packets
Area 200m X 200m
4.2 Pause Time 50s,100s,150s pause time
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NAM file output :
Network Animator (NAM) is an animation tool for viewing network
simulation traces and real world packet traces (Rachit, 2011). A snapshot
of the simulation topology in NAM for 20 mobile nodes is shown in
Figure (2), visualized the traces of AODV routing protocol. and Figure (3)
shows the a snapshot of the simulation topology of DSDV protocol.
Figure 2: A snapshot of the simulation topology of AODV routing protocol.
Figure 3: A snapshot of the simulation topology of DSDV routing protocol.
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4.3. Metrics Analyzed for simulation :
Table (2) shows the Power Consumption values which are
obtained from the simulations with the AODV and DSDV routing
protocols for different Pause Time.
Table 2: Power Consumption of AODV and DSDV routing protocols.
5. Result And Performance Analysis:
The Simulation Results :
Figure (4) shows the results of power analysis. The simulation
results are presented in this section in line graphs form. The graph shows
comparison between the two protocols and between 20 nodes on the basis
of the power consumption metrics as a function of pause time.
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4300
4200
4100
power Consumed
4000 AODV-
consumed
3900 power
3800
DSDV-
3700 consumed
3600 power
3500
3400
50 100 150 200 250
Puase Time (Sec)
Figure 4: The average consumed power versus the number of Pause Time.
Figure (4) shows the power consumption and pause time for 20
nodes. Graph show that the power consumption for AODV is higher as
compare to DSDV Protocol.
Power consumption for AODV is higher than DSDV, AODV is
on-demand routing protocol , in AODV route discovery can be done by
flooding route request message to all neighboring nodes.
Because DSDV uses caching , its performance is better . DSDV
finds routes in its cache and keeps it in the routing table. When nodes are
moving, AODV will consume less power than DSDV.
[Link] and Future Work :
This paper discusses the performance comparison of proactive
(DSDV) and reactive (AODV) Ad-hoc routing protocols based on
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simulation Results with the network Simulator (NS-2), in terms of power
consumption metrics used for the performance.
In this paper, the power consumption of AODV and DSDV are
compared by simulating the variation in pause time, the simulation results
obtained show that DSDV consumes less power than AODV.
In future, extensive complex simulations could be carried out, in
order to gain a more in-depth performance analysis of the MANET routing
protocols. Other new protocol performance could be studied too.
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