BCA6B11/BCS6B11 Android
Programming
❖Unit I [12T+3L]
❖ Introducing the android computing platform, History of android
❖ android software stack
❖Developing end user application using Android SDK
❖ Android java packages
❖Setting up the development environment, Installing android
development tools (ADT)
❖Fundamental components
❖ Android virtual devices, Running on real device,
❖Structure of android application, Application life cycle.
What is Android?
• Android is a software package and an open source linux-
based operating system for mobile devices such as
smartphones and tablet computers
• Android offers unified approach to application development for
mobile devices
• Developers need only develop for android , and their applications
should be able to run on different devices powered by android.
• Irina Blok: designed the official android logo
• The platform that’s changing what mobile can do.
HISTORY
▪ Android Inc. was founded in Palo Alto of California by Andy Rubin,
Rich Miner ,Nick sears and Chris White in 2003
▪ Android Inc. was acquired by Google in 2005 to start the
development of Android platform
▪ Android SDK was first issued as an early look release in November
5, 2007 with the founding of Open Handset Alliance(OHA) , a
consortium for 84 hardware ,software ,and telecommunication
companies aimed to advancing open standards for mobile
devices.
▪ November 5 is celebrated as android’s birthday
▪ In September 2008 HTC released T-mobile G1(HTC Dream), the
first smartphone based on android platform
HISTORY
▪ In September 2008 HTC released T-mobile G1(HTC Dream), the
first smartphone based on android platform
Version History
• The version history of the Android mobile operating system began
with the public release of the Android beta on November 5, 2007
• The first commercial version, Android 1.0, was released on
September 23, 2008.
• Android is continually developed by Google and the Open Handset
Alliance, and it has seen several updates to its base operating
system since the initial release.
• Android 1.0 and 1.1 were not released under specific code names,
although Android 1.1 was unofficially known as Petit Four.
• Android code names were confectionery-themed and have been in
alphabetical order since 2009's Android 1.5 Cupcake.
• Google ended the confectionery theming scheme in 2019 beginning
with Android 10
• The most recent version of Android is Android 11, which was
released on September 8 ,2020.
Cupcake 1.5
• Released in April 2009
• First version of Android to have an on-screen keyboard
• Ability to upload videos to YouTube, support for third-party
keyboards, and feature like automatically rotating phone’s
screen to the right positions.
• The first Samsung Galaxy phone had the Android 1.5 cupcake.
Donut 1.6
• Main feature included in Donut was that it supported
carriers that used CDMA based networks
• Ability for the OS to operate on a variety of different
screen sizes and resolutions
• It also included features like quick switching between
the Cameras, Camcorder, and Gallery
• introduced the Quick Search Box
Android 2.0-2.1 Éclair
• first Android version with text-to-speech support.
• introduced multiple account support, live wallpapers,
navigation with Google Maps
• first smartphone with the Android 2.0 version was the
Motorola Droid,
Android 2.2 Froyo
• Froyo, short form for Frozen Yogurt was launched in May
2010.
• Wi-Fi mobile hotspot functions was introduced.
• It also included many other features such as flash support,
push notifications via Android Cloud to Device
Messaging (C2DM) service, and more.
Android 2.3 Gingerbread
• launched in September 2010.
• updated UI design that provided increased efficiency and ease-
of-use.
• It had support for extra-large screen sizes and resolution.
• More features such as native support for SIP VoIP internet
telephones, improved text inputs using the virtual keyboard,
better text suggestions and voice input capability were added
• One of the key features was its support for using NFC (near
field communication) functions for smartphones.
Android 3.0 Honeycomb
• Honeycomb was launched to be installed only for tablets
and mobile devices with larger screens
• Google aimed for features that could not be handled by
smartphones with smaller screens.
• But Honeycomb ended up as a version that not really
required.
• Most of the features of Honeycomb were integrated with
the next major version of Android.
Android 4.0 Ice Cream Sandwich
• Features of the previous version, Honeycomb, were
integrated with the Ice Cream Sandwich version.
• This version was the first to introduce the feature to
unlock the phone using its camera.
• Other notable changes with Ice Cream Sandwich included
support for all the on-screen buttons, the ability to
monitor the mobile and Wi-Fi data usage, and swipe
gestures to dismiss notifications and browser tabs.
Android 4.1-4.3 Jelly Bean
• The notification part was improved a lot in this version.
• Full support for Google Chrome (Android version) was
included in Android 4.2.
• Android’s touch responsiveness was also improved.
• Jelly Bean was collectively the first Android version to
support emoji and screensavers that are natively done.
Android 4.4 KitKat
• KitKat did not have many features.
• But one main feature was that KitKat could run on
smartphones with even a 512 MB RAM.
• It was because KitKat used the Android Runtime (ART),
though experimental, instead of the DVM (Dalvik Virtual
Machine) originally used by Android.
Android 5.0 Lollipop
• Google’s new Material Design language was first introduced
in Lollipop
• It included changes in UIs like a revamped navigation bar
and better-style notifications for the lock-screen etc.
• It brought the Flat Design concept into play.
• Google created more enhancements to Android devices’
battery life with a Doze mode where background apps are
killed once the show is turned off.
Android 6.0 Marshmallow
• First, the Android 6.0 version was to be called Macadamia
Nut Cookie, but it was released as Marshmallow in May
2015.
• Marshmallow brought the addition of the memory
manager,
• This was the first version that had native support for
unlocking of the smartphone with biometric; fingerprint
authentication.
• USB Type C support was included and Android pay was
also introduced in Marshmallow.
Android 7.0 Nougat
• Android 7.0 Nougat was released in August 2016.
• It came out with multitasking features, especially for
smartphones with bigger screens.
• It included split-screen and fast switching between apps.
• Many changes behind the scenes were also made by
Google such as switching to a new JIT compiler that could
speed up apps.
• Google’s own smartphone, the Pixel, and Pixel XL, and LG
V20 came out with Android 7.0 Nougat.
Android 8.0 Oreo
• It included many visual changes such as native support for
picture-in-picture mode, new autofill APIs that could help in
better managing the passwords and fill data, notification
channels
Android 9.0 Pie
• Released in August 2018.
• It came with a lot of new features and improvements.
• The new home-button was added in this version. When swiped
up, it brings the apps used recently, a search bar and suggestions
of five apps at the bottom.
• There was a new option added of swiping left to see the currently
running apps.
• Improvements in battery life were also made in this version.
• Shush mode, a new feature was also added. It automatically puts
the smartphone in Do not disturb mode. All you need to do is
place your phone on any surface face down and DND will be
automatically enabled.
• Added “Digital Wellbeing,” a feature that essentially tells you how
often you use your phone, the apps that you use the most
Android 10
• Along with the rollout of the latest version of Android, Google also
announced a rebranding of the operating system, doing away with
the naming scheme and instead sticking with version numbers only.
• Google also announced a new logo for Android, and a new color
scheme.
• Android 10 marked the end of the Android navigation buttons.
• While Android 9 kept the back button, Android 10 now uses gestures
instead
• Android 10 also brought a systemwide dark mode
• Another features include Sound Amplifier, faster security updates ,
Digital well being, set screen time limits, view app activity, manage
apps and content restrictions
Android 11
▪ Google released Android 11 on September 8, 2020
▪ Features
▪ Conversations
▪ Built-in screen recording
▪ Predictive tools
▪ Voice access
▪ Device Controls
▪ More security and privacy fixes sent to your phone from Google
Play.