UNIT TEST IN STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY - FINALS B. B.

H 0 : μ ≤64 ” H a : p>64 ”
Directions. Write your answer in a separate sheet of paper.
1. Which of the following describes a null hypothesis using two-tailed test? C. H 0 : μ=64 ” H a : μ ≠64 ”
A. The mean of a sample is equal to 80. D. H 0 : p=64 ” H a : μ ≠64 ”
B. The mean of a population is equal to 80. 14. A one-sample t-test is conducted on H 0 : μ=81.6 . The sample has a
C. The mean of a population is not equal to 80.
D. The mean of a population is greater than 80. mean of 84.1, s = 3.1, n = 25, and α =0.01 . What conclusion can be
2. Which of the following scenarios best illustrates a Type I error? drawn?
A. jury finds an innocent person guilty. A. Reject H 0 C. Fail to reject H 0
B. medical test fails to detect a disease in a sick patient.
B. Reject H a D. Fail to reject H a
C. teacher incorrectly concludes that a student has cheated on an
exam. 15. Perform a hypothesis test where the null hypothesis is that the μ=6.9.
D. A business mistakenly assumes that a new policy does not improve A random sample of 16 items is selected. The sample mean is 7.1 and
productivity when it actually does. the sample standard deviation is 2.4. It can be assumed that the
For items 3-4, use the problem below. population is normally distributed at α =0.05 .
Jessie conducted a survey to all grade 6 students and claimed that their A. There is enough evidence to reject the claim.
average age is 13. B. There is enough evidence to support the claim.
3. What should be the null hypothesis? C. There is not enough evidence to reject the claim.
A. All 13 years old students are grade 6. D. There is not enough evidence to support the claim.
B. Not all 13 years old students are grade 6. 16. Before the opening of classes, parents were asked to answer a survey.
C. The average age of grade 6 students is 13. Those in favor of alternative learning mode were 1,900 out of 5,000
D. The average age of grade 6 students is not 13. randomly selected parents. Using α = 0.10 level, is there enough
4. What should be the alternative hypothesis? evidence to conclude that the percentage of parents who are in favor of
A. All 13 years old students are grade 6. alternative learning mode is less than 38%? What is the appropriate
B. Not all 13 years old students are grade 6. alternative hypothesis?
C. The average age of grade 6 students is 13. A. H a : p>0.38 C. H a : p<0.38
D. The average age of grade 6 students is not 13.
5. If the variance is known, what test statistic is appropriate? B. H a : p=0.38 D. H a : p ≠0.38
A. t-test C. two-tailed test 17. In a study conducted at San Josef National High School, it was found
B. z-test D. one-tailed test that 972 out of 1,100 Grade 12 students use smartphones. Using
6. One-sample t-statistic is used instead of one-sample z-statistic when α =0.10 level, is there enough evidence to conclude that the
___________________. percentage of students who are using smartphones is different from
A. μ is known. C. μ is unknown. 25%? What is the appropriate alternative hypothesis?
B. σ is known. D. σ is unknown. A. H a : p>0.25 C. H a : p=0.25
7. In the given problem below, what is the rejection region? B. H a : p<0.25 D. H a : p ≠0.25
The factory owner claimed that their bottled fruit juice has the capacity of
less than an average of 280 ml. To test the claim, a group of consumers 18. Which formula for the test statistic is appropriate if the Central Limit
gets a sample of 80 bottles of the fruit juice, calculates the capacity, and Theorem is used in testing hypothesis on population proportion?
x−μx x−μ x
8ml. Use 𝛼 = 0.05 level of significance to test the claim.
then finds the mean capacity to be 265ml. The standard deviation is
A. Z com= C. z=
σx σx
A. z ≤−1.645 C. z ≥ 1.645
^p − p ^p − p
B. z ≤−1.28 D. z ≥ 2.33 Z com= z=

√
8. Given a left-tailed test, population standard deviation is unknown, n=27, B. pq D. σ
α =0.01, what is the critical value? n √n
A. t=−2.528 C. t=−1.706 19. In the given problem below, what is the rejection region?
The factory owner claimed that their bottled fruit juice has the capacity
B. t=−2.479 D. t=2.479 of less than an average of 280 ml. To test the claim, a group of
For nos. 9-11, refer to the problem below: consumers gets a sample of 80 bottles of the fruit juice, calculates the
Milo is sold in packets with an advertised mean weight of 0.5kgs. The
deviation is 8ml. Use 𝛼 = 0.05 level of significance to test the claim.
capacity, and then finds the mean capacity to be 265ml. The standard
standard deviation is known to be 0.11 kilograms. A consumer group
wishes to check the accuracy of the advertised mean and takes a
A. z ≤−1.645 C. z ≥ 1.645
sample of 36 packets finding an average weight of 0.47kgs.
9. What test statistic should be used? B. z ≤−1.28 D. z ≥ 2.33
A. t-test C. population mean For nos. 20-23, refer to the problem below.
B. z-test D. standard deviation Suppose that the percentage of female physicians is 27%. In a survey of
10. What is the sample size? physicians, 45 of 120 are women. Is there sufficient evidence at
A. 0.5 C. 0.11 α =0.01 to claim that the proportion of women physicians is greater
B. 0.47 D. 36 than 27%?
11. What is the computed value? 20. Choose the correct hypotheses.
A. -1.636 C. 0.833 A. H o : p=0.27 ; H a : p> 0.27 C.
B. -1.488 D. 5.551
12. From the given figure below, the z-computed value is 1.375. What H o : p=0.27 ; H a : p ≠ 0.27
conclusion can be drawn? B. H o : p=0.27 ; H a : p< 0.27 D.
H o : p>0.27 ; H a : p=0.27
21. What is the value of z?
A. -2.59 C. 0.005
A. Reject the null hypothesis. B. -0.005 D. 2.59
B. Failed to reject the null hypothesis. 22. Which is closest to the p-value?
C. Reject only the alternative hypothesis. A. 0.0005 C. 0.05
D. Reject both the null and alternative hypotheses. B. 0.005 D. 0.5
13. The mean height of women is less than 64" (inches). Which of the 23. What is the correct decision and conclusion?
following represents the null and alternative hypotheses? A. Change the alternative hypothesis.
A. H 0 : μ ≥64 ” H a : μ<64 ” B. There are no possible decision and conclusion.
C. Reject the null hypothesis because there is enough evidence to
 support the claim that the proportion of women physicians is greater 6 27 53 14 245
than 27%.
D. Fail to reject the null hypothesis because there is not enough 31. When you substitute all the summation ( ∑ ) values in the formula for
evidence to support the claim that the proportion of women physicians is Pearson r, which among the choices is its best representation?
greater than 27%.
24. A hypothesis test is done in which the alternative hypothesis is that 3 ( 53 )−(6)(27)
A. r = C.
more than 10% of the population is left-handed. The calculated p-value
for the test is 0.25. Which statement is correct? √ [ 3 ( 14 )−6 ] [ 3 ( 245 )−27 ]
2 2

A. We can conclude that exactly 25% of the population is left-handed. 3 ( 27 )−(6)(27)

B. We can conclude that more than 10% of the population is left- r=
handed. √ [ 3 ( 14 )−6 ] [ 3 ( 245 )−27 ]
2 2

C. We can conclude that more than 25% of the population is left- 3 ( 53 )−(6)(27)
handed. B. r = D.
D. We cannot conclude that more than 10% of the population is left
handed.
√ [ 3 ( 14 )+6 ][ 3 ( 245 )+ 27 ]
2 2

25. A potato chip producer and a supplier of potatoes agree that each
3 ( 53 )−(6)(27)
r=
shipment must meet certain quality standards. If the producer is
convinced that more than 8% of the potatoes in the shipment have
√ [ 3 ( 6 ) −14 ] [ 3 ( 27 )−245 ]
2 2

32. What is the value of r ?

blemishes, the truck will be sent away and another one would have to
A. 0.95 C. -0.25
be sent. In a recent shipment, an SRS of 80 potatoes was selected and
B. 0.75 D. -0.5
7 had blemishes. Use = 0.01. Which is the correct decision for this test?
33. For this item number, refer to the situation below:
A. Since p-value = 0.4024 > .01, I reject H o .
B. Since p-value = 0.4024 < .01, I reject H o . Score in Mathematics Score in Science
C. Since p-value = 0.4024 < .01, I fail to reject H o . (X) (Y)
D. Since p-value = 0.4024 > .01, I fail to reject H o . 12 13
26. Which of the following situations involve bivariate type of data? 10 9
A. Joan recorded the daily allowance of her 50 classmates. 5 8
B. Kassandra recorded the number of minutes 25 gym enthusiasts 7 8
spend doing their work-out routines.
C. Zoe estimated that the average number of students with internet 11 14
connection in a class of 50 students is 17. 6 7
D. Cedrick surveys the purchasing power and the number of hours What is the computed Pearson’s sample correlation coefficient?
spent for overtime work of 50 employees of a certain company. A. 0.87 C. 0.52
27. Mary Ann read from an article that the height of the offspring of a couple B. 0.78 D. 0.23
is inherited from the father. She surveyed the height of her 10 34. An ornithologist, a person who studies every aspect of birds,
classmates and their fathers to construct a scatter plot. Which variable found out that the correlation coefficient r between wing length
should be plotted on the x-axis? and tail length of 12 different species of bird was 0.43. Which
A. height of her classmates C. height of their fathers conclusion can be drawn from the result?
B. height of their mothers D. cannot be determined A. A bird with longer wing length has shorter tail length.
28. If the points on the scatter plot fall almost on the trend line, rising from B. A bird with shorter wing length has longer tail length.
right to left, then the variables are said to have _______ correlation. C. A bird with longer wing length also has longer tail length.
A. perfect negative C. perfect positive D. There is no correlation between bird’s wing length and tail length.
B. strong negative D. strong positive 35. A team from the Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH)
29. Mario noticed that the points on a scatter plot follow a trend of rising is painting lines on the freeway. The number of hours needed to finish
from left to right. He also noticed that the points are moderately the project depends on the length of road that needs to be lined. In the
scattered from the trend line. What is the correlation of the variables given statement, which represents the independent variable?
involved? A. road C. number of hours need to finish the project
A. strong negative correlation C. weak negative correlation B. length of the road that needs to be lined D. Department of Public
B. strong positive correlation D. weak positive correlation Works and Highways
For numbers 30-32, refer to the following bivariate data: 36. According to a study, the more time people spend using social media,
30. Which of the following is the CORRECT completed table for the the less able they are to express themselves in
bivariate data? conversation. In the given statement, which represents the dependent
X 1 2 3 variable?
A. more time for themselves
Y 10 8 9
B. using social media in conversation
A. C. C. more time people spend in using social media
X Y XY X 2 Y 2 D. less able to express themselves in conversation
37. In the regression equation ^y =−3+2 x , what is the slope?
1 1 100 10 1
A. 3 C. -2
B. 2 D. -3
2 8 64 16 4 38. In the given equation ^y =−3+2 x , what is the y-intercept?
3 9 81 27 9 A. 3 C. -2
B. 2 D. -3
6 2 245 53 14 39. What is the relationship between independent variable x and the
dependent variable y when the regression equation has a negative y-
intercept?
A. There is no relationship.
B. D. B. There is a positive relationship.
X Y XY X 2 Y 2 C. There is a negative relationship.
1 10 10 1 100 D. Relationship cannot be determined.
40. If x is temperature and y is coffee sales, use the following formula to
2 8 16 4 64 predict the coffee sales on a 28° day: y = -60x + 6,443.
3 9 27 9 81
A. 4,403 C. 4,763
B. 8,483 D. 6,443