Raoult’s law

Q.1 At 25°C, the vapour pressure of methyl alcohol is 96.0 torr. What is the mole fraction of CH3OH in a
solution in which the (partial) vapor pressure of CH3OH is 23.0 torr at 25°C?
Q.2 The vapour pressure of pure liquid solvent A is 0.80 atm. When a nonvolatile substance B is added to the
solvent its vapour pressure drops to 0.60 atm. What is the mole fraction of component B in the solution?
Q.3 The vapour pressure of pure water at 26°C is 25.21 torr. What is the vapour pressure of a solution
which contains 20.0 glucose, C6H12O6, in 70 g water?
Q.4 The vapour pressure of pure water at 25°C is 23.76 torr. The vapour pressure of a solution containing
5.40 g of a nonvolatile substance in 90.0 g water is 23.32 torr. Compute the molecular weight of the
solute.
Raoult’s law in combinaton with Dalton’s law of P.P. and V.P. lowering

Q.5 The vapour pressure of ethanol and methanol are 44.5 mm and 88.7 mm Hg respectively. An ideal
solution is prepared at the same temperature by mixing 60 g of ethanol with 40 g of methanol. Calculate
total vapour pressure of the solution.
Q.6 Calculate the mole fraction of toluene in the vapour phase which is in equilibrium with a solution of
benzene and toluene having a mole fraction of toluene 0.50. The vapour pressure of pure benzene is
119 torr; that of toluene is 37 torr at the same temperature.
Q.7 What is the composition of the vapour which is in equilibrium at 30°C with a benzene-toluene solution
with a mole fraction of benzene of 0.40? With a mole fraction of benzene of 0.60?
Pb =119 torr and Pt = 37 torr

Q.8 At 90°C, the vapour pressure of toluene is 400 torr and that of -xylene is 150 torr. What is the
composition of the liquid mixture that boils at 90°C, when the pressure is 0.50 atm? What is the composition
of vapour produced?
Q.9 Two liquids A and B form an ideal solution at temperature T. When the total vapour pressure above the
solution is 400 torr, the mole fraction of A in the vapour phase is 0.40 and in the liquid phase 0.75. What
are the vapour pressure of pure A and pure B at temperature T?
Q.10 Calculate the relative lowering in vapour pressure if 100 g of a nonvolatile solute ([Link].100) are
dissolved in 432 g water.
Q.11 What weight of the nonvolatile solute, urea needs to be dissolved in 100 g of water, in order to decrease
the vapour pressure of water by 25%? What will be the molality of the solution?
Q.12 The vapour pressure of an aqueous solution of glucose is 750 mm Hg at 373 K. Calculate molality and
mole fraction of solute.
Q.13 The vapour pressure of pure benzene at 25° C is 639.7 mm of Hg and the vapour pressure of a solution
of a solute in C6H6 at the same temperature is 631.7 mm of Hg. Calculate molality of solution.

Q.14 The vapour pressure of pure benzene at a certain temperature is 640 mm of Hg. A nonvolatile nonelectrolyte
solid weighing 2.175 g is added to 39.0 of benzene. The vapour pressure of the solution is 600 mm of
Hg. What is molecular weight of solid substance?
Q.15 The vapour pressure of water is 17.54 mm Hg at 293 K. Calculate vapour pressure of 0.5 molal
solution of a solute in it.
Q.16 Benzene and toluene form two ideal solution A and B at 313 K. Solution A (total pressure PA) contains
equal mole of toluene and benzene. Solution B contains equal masses of both (total pressure PB). The
vapour pressure of benzene and toluene are 160 and 60 mm Hg respectively at 313 K. Calculate the
value of PA/PB.

Boiling point elevation and freezing point depression

Q.17 When 10.6 g of a nonvolatile substance is dissolved in 740 g of ether, its boiling point is raised 0.284°C.
What is the molecular weight of the substance? Molal boiling point constant for ether is 2.11°C·kg/mol.
Q.18 A solution containing 3.24 of a nonvolatile nonelectrolyte and 200 g of water boils at 100.130°C at
1atm. What is the molecular weight of the solute? (Kb for water 0.513°C/m)
Q.19 The molecular weight of an organic compound is 58.0 g/mol. Compute the boiling point of a solution
containing 24.0 g of the solute and 600 g of water, when the barometric pressure is such that pure water
boils at 99.725°C.
Q.20 An aqueous solution of a nonvolatile solute boils at 100.17°C. At what temperature will this solution
freeze? [Kf for water 1.86°C/m ]
Q.21 Pure benzene freeze at 5.45°C. A solution containing 7.24 g of C 2H2Cl4 in 115.3 g of benzene was
observed to freeze at 3.55°C. What is the molal freezing point constant of benzene?
Q.22 A solution containing 6.35 g of a nonelectrolyte dissolved in 500 g of water freezes at – 0.465°C.
Determine the molecular weight of the solute.
Q.23 The freezing point of a solution containing 2.40 g of a compound in 60.0 g of benzene is 0.10°C lower
than that of pure benzene. What is the molecular weight of the compound? (Kf is 5.12°C/m for benzene)
Q.24 The elements X and Y form compounds having molecular formula XY2 and XY4. When dissolved in 20 gm
of benzene, 1 gm XY2 lowers the freezing point by 2.3°, whereas 1 gm of XY4 lowers the freezing point by
1.3°C. The molal depression constant for benzene is 5.1. Calculate the atomic masses of X and Y.
Q.25 Calculate the molal elevation constant, Kb for water and the boiling of 0.1 molal urea solution. Latent
heat of vaporisation of water is 9.72 kcal mol–1 at 373.15 K.
Q.26 Calculate the amount of ice that will separate out of cooling a solution containing 50g of ethylene glycol
in 200 g water to –9.3°C. (Kf for water = 1.86 K mol1 kg)
Q.27 A solution of 0.643 g of an organic compound in 50ml of benzene (density ; 0.879 g/ml) lowers its
freezing point from 5.51°C to 5.03°C. If Kf for benzene is 5.12 K, calculate the molecular weight of the
compound.
Q.28 The cryoscopic constant for acetic acid is 3.6 K kg/mol. A solution of 1 g of a hydrocarbon in 100 g of
acetic acid freezes at 16.14°C instead of the usual 16.60°C. The hydrocarbon contains 92.3% carbon.
What is the molecular formula?

Osmotic pressure

Q.29 Find the freezing point of a glucose solution whose osmotic pressure at 25oC is found to be 30 atm.
Kf(water) = [Link]1.K.
Q.30 At 300 K, two solutions of glucose in water of concentration 0.01 M and 0.001 M are separated by
semipermeable membrane. Pressure needs to be applied on which solution, to prevent osmosis? Calculate
the magnitude of this applied pressure.
Q.31 At 10oC, the osmotic pressure of urea solution is 500 mm. The solution is diluted and the temperature
is raised to 25°C, when the osmotic pressure is found to be105.3 mm. Determine extent of dilution.
Q.32 The osmotic pressure of blood is 7.65 atm at 37°C. How much glucose should be used per L for an
intravenous injection that is to have the same osmotic pressure as blood?
Q.33 What would be the osmotic pressure at 17°C of an aqueous solution containing 1.75 g of sucrose
(C12H22O11) per 150 cm3 of solution?
Q.34 A 250 mL water solution containing 48.0 g of sucrose, C12H22O11, at 300 K is separated from pure
water by means of a semipermeable membrane. What pressure must be applied above the solution in
order to just prevent osmosis?
Q.35 A solution of crab hemocyanin, a pigmented protein extracted from crabs, was prepared by dissolving
0.750 g in 125 cm3 of an aqueous medium. At 4°C an osmotic pressure rise of 2.6 mm of the solution
was observed. The solution had a density of 1.00 g/cm3. Determine the molecular weight of the protein.
Q.36 The osmotic pressure of a solution of a synthetic polyisobutylene in benzene was determined at 25°C. A
sample containing 0.20 g of solute/100 cm3 of solution developed a rise of 2.4 mm at osmotic equilibrium.
The density of the solution was 0.88 g/cm3. What is the molecular weight of the polyisobutylene?
Q.37 A 5% solution (w/v) of cane-sugar (Mol. weight = 342) is isotonic with 0.877%(w/v) of urea solution.
Find molecular weight of urea.
Q.38 10 gm of solute A and 20 gm of solute B are both dissolved in 500 ml water. The solution has the same
osmotic pressure as 6.67 gm of A and 30 gm of B dissolved in the same amount of water at the same
temperature. What is the ratio of molar masses of A and B?
Van’t Hoff factor & colligative properties

Q.39 A storage battery contains a solution of H2SO4 38% by weight. What will be the Van't Hoff factor if the
Tf(experiment) in 29.08. [Given Kf = 1.86 mol–1 Kg]
Q.40 A certain mass of a substance, when dissolved in 100 g C6H6, lowers the freezing point by 1.28°C. The
same mass of solute dissolved in 100g water lowers the freezing point by 1.40°C. If the substance has
normal molecular weight in benzene and is completely ionized in water, into how many ions does it
dissociate in water? Kf for H2O and C6H6 are 1.86 and 5.12K kg mol1.
Q.41 2.0 g of benzoic acid dissolved in 25.0g of benzene shows a depression in freezing point equal to 1.62K.
Molal depression constant (Kf) of benzene is 4.9 [Link]1. What is the percentage association of the acid?
Q.42 A decimolar solution of potassium ferrocyanide is 50% dissociated at 300K. Calculate the osmotic
pressure of the solution.(R=8.314 JK1 mol1)
Q.43 The freezing point of a solution containing 0.2 g of acetic acid in 20.0g of benzene is lowered by 0.45°C.
Calculate the degree of association of acetic acid in benzene. (Kf for benzene = 5.12 K mol1 kg)
Q.44 0.85 % aqueous solution of NaNO3 is apparently 90% dissociated at 27°C. Calculate its osmotic
pressure. (R= 0.082 l atm K1 mol1 )
Q.45 A 1.2% solution (w/v) of NaCl is isotonic with 7.2% solution (w/v) of glucose. Calculate degree of
ionization and Van’t Hoff factor of NaCl.
 ANSWER
EASY RIDE

Q.1 0.24 Q.2 0.25 Q.3 24.5 torr Q.4 57.24 g/mol

Q.5 66.13 mm Hg Q.6 0.237 Q.7 0.682, 0.318; 0.829, 0.171

Q.8 92 mol% toluene; 96.8 mol % toluene Q.9 PA = 213.33 torr, PB = 960.0 torr

Q.10 0.04 Q.11 111.1g, 18.52 molal Q.12 0.741 m, 0.013

Q.13 0.162 m Q.14 65.25 Q.15 17.38 Q.16 0.964

Q.17 106 g/mol Q.18 64.0 g/mol Q.19 100.079°C Q.20 – 0.62°C

Q.21 5.08°C/m Q.22 50.8 g/mol Q.23 2050 g/mol Q.24 x = 25.6, y = 42.6

Q.25 Kb= 0.512 kg mol K–1, Tb = 373.20 K Q.26 38.71 g Q.27 156.06

Q.28 C 6H 6 Q.29 Tf = -2.31oC Q.30 P = 0.2217 atm should be applied

Q.31 (Vfinal = [Link]) Q.32 54.2 g Q.33 0.81 atm Q.34 13.8 atm

Q.35 5.4 × 105 g/mol Q.36 2.4 × 105 g/mol Q.37 59.99

Q.38 MA/MB = 0.3 Q.39 i = 2.5 Q.40 3 ions Q.41  = 99.2%

Q.42 7.482 ×105 Nm–2 Q.43 94.5 % Q.44 4.64 atm Q.45 0.95; 1.95