S. Y. B.
Tech (ECE & ECE (AI-ML))
Semester: III Subject: Analog Circuits and Applications
Name: Class:
Roll No: Batch:
Experiment No: 04
Name of the Experiment: Design and build Integrator for given specifications.
Marks Teacher’s Signature with date
Performed on:
Submitted on:
Aim:
Prerequisite: The data sheet specifications of Op-Amp IC LF356, working of Op-Amp as
an Integrator.
Objective:
1. To design Integrator for given cut off frequency fa of 1.5 KHz and dc gain of 10.
2. To verify practical and theoretical frequencies fa and fb.
3. To observe output waveform at fa and fb for Sine and Square wave input.
4. To plot frequency response for the Integrator.
Components and equipment required:
Bread Board, Op-Amp LF 356, Resistors, Capacitors, DC Regulated Power Supply, Signal
Generator, CRO, Digital Multi-Meter.
Theory:
Integrator
A circuit in which output voltage waveform is the time integral of the input voltage
waveform is called Integrator or Integrating Amplifier. Such a circuit is obtained by using
Expt. 4- 1
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basic inverting amplifier configuration if feedback resistor R f is replaced by a capacitor C f as
shown
in Figure 2.1. The limitation of an ideal integrator is that even in the absence of input signal,
the two components, namely, the offset voltage and the bias current contribute for an error
voltage at the output. Also, at this time, X C
= and the circuit will act as open circuit. Thus, it is not possibl
Figure 2.1: Basic Integrator Figure 2.2: Practical Integrator
DESIGN STEPS:
Design a practical Integrator for cut off frequency ( f a ¿=1.5 KH Z . DC Gain is 10 and assume
C F =0.01 μF
Given:
f a=1.5 KH Z , Gain = 10, C F =0.01 μF
Formulae:
1 1 RF f b
f b= , f a= , Gain= = .......... (2.1)
2 π R1 C F 2 π RF CF R1 f a
Calculations:
Expt. 4- 2
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1
R F= =10.610 KΩ≅ 10 KΩ………. (2.2)
2 π f a CF
RF
R 1= =1 KΩ ………. (2.3)
Gain
f b=Gain × f a=15 KHz ………. (2.4)
Designed circuit implemented in simulator is as shown below in figure 2.3
Figure 2.3: Integrator circuit with design values
Procedure:
1. Design an Integrator circuit and connect it as shown in Figure 2.3.
2. Apply sine wave of 1V, 1 KHz and observe the output on CRO.
3. Vary input frequency from its minimum value to the maximum value and observe fa, fb
also note down the respective output voltages.
4. Calculate gain in db and plot the graph on semi log graph paper.
5. Observe & draw the output waveform for sine and square wave as an input.
Expt. 4- 3
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Observation Table:
Input Voltage Vin = ________ V
Sr Input Frequency Output Voltage Gain Gain Gain
. (Hz) (Vo) (dB) (Theoretica
N (Practical l)
o. )
10 Hz
100 Hz
1000 Hz
1100
1200
1300
1400
1500
1600
2000
5000
8000
11000
15000
Calculations:
Expt. 4- 4
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Theoretical Value of Gain of Integrator
RF
R1
Ad =
√1+ ¿¿ ¿
Conclusion:
Post Lab Questions:
1. How to select value of resistors in opamp circuit designs?
2. Describe different linear applications of opamp.
3. What is the significance of practical integrator?
4. What is the range of integration in the frequency response?
5. Explain the frequency response of ideal and practical integrator.
Additional links for more information:
[Link]
integrator/
Expt. 4- 5
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