AdvancePython

0.0.1

2019 12 18
 Contents

1 3
1.1 1.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

2 Python 5
2.1 2.1 python . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2.2 2.2 type object class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
2.3 2.3 python . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
2.4 2.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

3 11
3.1 3.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
3.2 3.2 python . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
3.3 3.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
3.4 3.4 len . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
3.5 3.5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

4 15
4.1 4.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
4.2 4.2 (abc ). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
4.3 4.3 isinstance type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
4.4 4.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
4.5 4.5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
4.6 4.6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
4.7 4.7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
4.8 4.8 python . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
4.9 4.9 super . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

5 27

i
 5.1 5.1 python . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
5.2 5.2 abc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
5.3 5.3 + += extend . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
5.4 5.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
5.5 5.5 bisect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
5.6 5.6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
5.7 5.7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
5.8 5.8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

6 Python set dict 35

6.1 6.1 dict abc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
6.2 6.2 dict . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
6.3 6.3 dict . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
6.4 6.4 set frozenset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
6.5 6.5 dict set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
6.6 6.6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

7 39
7.1 7.1 python . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
7.2 7.2 is == . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
7.3 7.3 del . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
7.4 7.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
7.5 7.5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

8 43
8.1 8.1 property . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
8.2 8.2 __getattr__ __getattribute__ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
8.3 8.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
8.4 8.4 __new__ __init__ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
8.5 8.5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
8.6 8.6 ORM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
8.7 8.7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

9 55
9.1 9.1 python . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
9.2 9.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
9.3 9.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
9.4 9.4 python . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
9.5 9.5 UserList . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
9.6 9.6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
9.7 9.7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64

10 65

ii
11 Roadmap 67

iii
iv
 AdvancePython, 0.0.1

Contents

Contents 1
AdvancePython, 0.0.1

2 Contents
 CHAPTER 1

Introduce

1.1 1.1

1.1.1

• asyncio tornado

• python

• python

1.1.2

3
AdvancePython, 0.0.1

1.1.3

• python

• python

4 Chapter 1.
 CHAPTER 2

Python

Introduce

2.1 2.1 python

2.1.1 python

• python

• python

def bar(name):
print('Hello %s' % name)

class Person(object):
def __init__(self, name):
( )

5
AdvancePython, 0.0.1

( )

print('Hello %s' % name)

def decorator_func():
print('from decorator_func')
return bar

def print_type(obj):
print(type(obj))

#
func = bar
func('Linda')
my_class = Person
my_class('Tom')

#
obj_list = []
obj_list.append(bar)
obj_list.append(Person)
for item in obj_list:
#
print_type(item)

#
deco_bar = decorator_func()
deco_bar('deco_bar')

2.1.2

Model Model get update delete

handle

def get_record_by_id(_id, handle=None):

record = [Link](id=_id)
if not record:
return False, ' '
if handle:
record = handle(record)
( )

6 Chapter 2. Python
 AdvancePython, 0.0.1

( )

return True, record.to_dict

2.2 2.2 type object class

2.2.1 type

>>> name = 'linda'

>>> type(num)
<class 'int'>
>>> type(int)
<class 'type'>
>>> type(object)
<class 'type'>
>>> type(type)
<class 'type'>

• str linda

• type str

• type object

• type type ( C )

2.2.2 object

>>> int.__bases__
(<class 'object'>, )
>>> type.__bases__
(<class 'object'>, )
>>> object.__bases__
()

• str object

• type object

• object.__bases__ ()

2.2. 2.2 type object class 7

AdvancePython, 0.0.1

2.2.3 type object class

• list dict

• object type

• type object

2.3 2.3 python

2.3.1

8 Chapter 2. Python
 AdvancePython, 0.0.1

>>> name = 'linda'

>>> id(name)
2247760594928
>>> type(name)
<class 'str'>
>>> name
'linda'

2.3.2 python

• None( )

• int float complex bool

• list tuple str bytes

• dict

• set frozenset

• with

• class object type notimplemented

set [Link]()

2.3.3

2.4 2.4

• python

• python

• python

2.4. 2.4 9
AdvancePython, 0.0.1

10 Chapter 2. Python
 CHAPTER 3

Introduce

3.1 3.1

python

• python

class Company:
def __init__(self, employee_list):
[Link] = employee_list

def __getitem__(self, index):

return [Link][index]

company = Company(['alex', 'linda', 'catherine'])

employee = [Link]

for item in employee:

( )

11
AdvancePython, 0.0.1

( )

print(item)

# for __iter__, __getitem__

for item in company:
print(item)

3.2 3.2 python

3.2.1 python

• python company[:2]

• len(company)

3.3 3.3

3.3.1

• __repr__

• __str__

class Company:
def __init__(self, name):
[Link] = name

def __str__(self):
return '<Company [%s]>' % [Link]

def __repr__(self):
return '<Company [%s]>' % [Link]

company = Company('Apple')
print(company)

( )

12 Chapter 3.
 AdvancePython, 0.0.1

( )

# Python
print(company.__repr__())

• __len__

• __getitem__

• __setitem__

• __delitem__

• __contains__

• __iter__

• __next__

• __call__

with

• __enter__

• __exit__

3.3.2

• __abs__

• __add__

class Num:
def __init__(self, num):
[Link] = num

def __abs__(self):
return abs([Link])

n = Num(-1)
print(abs(n))

( )

3.3. 3.3 13
AdvancePython, 0.0.1

( )

class Vector:
def __init__(self, x, y):
self.x = x
self.y = y

def __add__(self, other):

return Vector(self.x + other.x, self.y + other.y)

def __str__(self):
return 'Vector(%s, %s)' % (self.x, self.y)

v1 = Vector(1, 3)
v2 = Vector(2, 4)
print(v1 + v2)

3.4 3.4 len

CPython list dict len(list)

3.5 3.5

• python

• python

• len

14 Chapter 3.
 CHAPTER 4

Introduce

4.1 4.1

4.1.1

class Cat:
def say(self):
print('I am a cat.')

class Dog:
def say(self):
print('I am a dog.')

class Duck:
def say(self):
print('I am a duck.')

# Python say
( )

15
AdvancePython, 0.0.1

( )

animal = Cat
animal().say()

#
animal_list = [Cat, Dog, Duck]
for an in animal_list:
an().say()

"""
class Animal:
def say(self):
print('I am a animal.')

# Animal say
class Cat(Animal):
def say(self):
print('I am a cat.')

# Java
Animal an = new Cat()
[Link]()
"""

li1 = ['i1', 'i2']

li2 = ['i3', 'i4']

tu = ('i5', 'i6')
s1 = set()
[Link]('i7')
[Link]('i8')

# list iterable
[Link](li2) # iterable
[Link](tu)
[Link](s1)
print(li1)

16 Chapter 4.
 AdvancePython, 0.0.1

4.2 4.2 (abc )

4.2.1

• python

#
class Company:
def __init__(self, name):
[Link] = name

def __len__(self):
return len([Link])

company = Company('Linda Process Ltd.')

print(hasattr(company, '__len__'))

from [Link] import Sized

print(isinstance(company, Sized))

import abc

class CacheBase(metaclass=[Link]):

@[Link]
def get(self, key):
pass

@[Link]
def set(self, key, value):
pass

( )

4.2. 4.2 (abc ) 17

AdvancePython, 0.0.1

( )

class MemoryCache(CacheBase):
pass

Mixin

4.3 4.3 isinstance type

• isinstance

• type

class A:
pass

class B(A):
pass

b = B()
print(isinstance(b, B))
print(isinstance(b, A))

# is id
print(type(b) is B)
print(type(b) is A) # False

4.4 4.4

class A:
aa = 1

def __init__(self, x, y):

self.x = x
self.y = y
( )

18 Chapter 4.
 AdvancePython, 0.0.1

( )

a = A(2, 3)
print(a.x, a.y, [Link])

[Link] = 111
[Link] = 100 # a aa 100 aa
print([Link], [Link])

4.5 4.5

4.5.1

• __init__

4.5.2 DFS

• A -> B -> D -> C -> E

4.5. 4.5 19
AdvancePython, 0.0.1

• A -> B -> D -> C

• C D

20 Chapter 4.
 AdvancePython, 0.0.1

4.5.3 BFS

• A -> B -> C -> D

4.5. 4.5 21
AdvancePython, 0.0.1

• A -> B -> C -> D -> E

• B D B D D C

4.5.4 MRO C3

class D:
pass

class C(D):
pass

class B(D):
pass

class A(B, C):

pass

print(A.__mro__)
# (<class '__main__.A'>, <class '__main__.B'>, <class '__main__.C'>, <class '__main__.D'>
,→, <class 'object'>) ( )

22 Chapter 4.
 AdvancePython, 0.0.1

( )

B C D E

class D:
pass

class E:
pass

class C(E):
pass

class B(D):
pass

class A(B, C):

pass

print(A.__mro__)
# (<class '__main__.A'>, <class '__main__.B'>, <class '__main__.D'>, <class '__main__.C'>
,→, <class '__main__.E'>, <class 'object'>)

4.6 4.6

• @staticmethod

• @classmethod

class Date:
def __init__(self, year, month, day):
[Link] = year
[Link] = month
[Link] = day

def tomorrow(self):
[Link] += 1

@staticmethod
( )

4.6. 4.6 23
AdvancePython, 0.0.1

( )

def date_from_str(date_str):
year, month, day = tuple(date_str.split('-'))
return Date(int(year), int(month), int(day))

@classmethod
def date_from_string(cls, date_str):
year, month, day = tuple(date_str.split('-'))
return cls(int(year), int(month), int(day))

def __str__(self):
return '{year}/{month}/{day}'.format(year=[Link], month=[Link], day=self.
,→day)

if __name__ == '__main__':
new_day = Date(2020, 2, 20)
new_day.tomorrow()
print(new_day)

date_str = '2020-12-12'
print(Date.date_from_str(date_str))
print(Date.date_from_string(date_str))

4.7 4.7

class User:
def __init__(self):
self.__age = 18

def get_age(self):
return self.__age

if __name__ == '__main__':
user = User()
print(user.get_age())

# print(user.__age)
( )

24 Chapter 4.
 AdvancePython, 0.0.1

( )

# _class__attr,
print(user._User__age)

• python

4.8 4.8 python

• __dict__

• dir()

class User:
name = 'user'

class Student(User):
def __init__(self):
self.school_name = 'school'

if __name__ == '__main__':
stu = Student()

# __dict__ , C
print(stu.__dict__)
stu.__dict__['age'] = 18
print([Link])

print(User.__dict__)

print(dir(stu))

4.9 4.9 super

4.8. 4.8 python 25

AdvancePython, 0.0.1

26 Chapter 4.
 CHAPTER 5

Introduce

5.1 5.1 python

python

• list tuple deque

• str bytes bytearray [Link]

• list deque bytearray [Link]

• str tuple bytes

#
my_list = list()
my_list.append(100)
my_list.append(True)

#
import array
( )

27
AdvancePython, 0.0.1

( )

my_array = [Link]('i')
my_array.append(100)
#
my_array.append('abc')

5.2 5.2 abc

python [Link]

python

from [Link] import *

• Iterable: __iter__

• Reversible: __reversed__

• Sized: __len__

• Container: __contains__

• Collection: Sized, Iterable, Container

• Sequence: __getitem__, Reversible, Collection

• MutableSequence: __setitem__, __delitem__, Sequence

5.3 5.3 + += extend

• +

• +=

• append extend

# +
l1 = [1, 2]
l2 = l1 + [3, 4]
print("type(l1): %d, and l1: %s" % (id(l1), l1))
print("type(l2): %d, and l2: %s" % (id(l2), l2))

# +=
l1 += ['3', '4']
( )

28 Chapter 5.
 AdvancePython, 0.0.1

( )

l1 += ('5', '6')
l1 += range(2)
print("type(l1): %d, and l1: %s" % (id(l1), l1))

# +
# += __iadd__

5.4 5.4

5.4.1

'''
[start:end:step]

start 0
end ( )
step 1

start 0
end
step 1
step start end
'''

a_list = [3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17]

a_list[::] #
a_list[::-1] #
a_list[::2] #
a_list[1::2] #
a_list[3:6] #
a_list[0:100] #
a_list[100:] #

a_list[len(a_list):0] = [9] #
a_list[:0] = [1, 2] #
a_list[3:3] = [100] #
a_list[:2] = [100, 200] #
( )

5.4. 5.4 29
AdvancePython, 0.0.1

( )

a_list[3:] = [4, 5, 6] #
a_list[:3] = [] # 3

5.4.2

[Link] Sequence

import numbers

class Group:
def __init__(self, group_name, company_name, staff):
self.group_name = group_name
self.company_name = company_name
[Link] = staff

def __reversed__(self):
[Link]()

def __getitem__(self, item):

cls = type(self)
if isinstance(item, slice):
return cls(group_name=self.group_name, company_name=self.company_name,␣
,→staff=[Link][item])
elif isinstance(item, [Link]):
return cls(group_name=self.group_name, company_name=self.company_name,␣
,→staff=[[Link][item]])

def __len__(self):
return len([Link])

def __iter__(self):
return iter([Link])

def __contains__(self, item):

if item in [Link]:
return True
else:
return False

( )

30 Chapter 5.
 AdvancePython, 0.0.1

( )

staffs = ['linda', 'alex', 'catherine', 'nash', 'curry']

group = Group(group_name='group', company_name='company', staff=staffs)
sub_group = group[0]

print('linda' in sub_group)
print(len(sub_group))

5.5 5.5 bisect

• bisect

import bisect

#
#

l1 = list()
[Link](l1, 10)
[Link](l1, 3)
[Link](l1, 2)
[Link](l1, 6)

print(l1) # [2, 3, 6, 10]

5.6 5.6

• list python

• array

• deque

5.6.1 array

array list array

5.5. 5.5 bisect 31

AdvancePython, 0.0.1

import array

list
my_array = [Link]('i')
my_array.append(100)
my_array.append('abc')

• list

5.7 5.7

5.7.1

# 1-20
odd_list = [i for i in range(21) if i % 2 == 1]
print(odd_list)

#
def handle_item(item):
return item * item

odd_list = [handle_item(i) for i in range(21) if i % 2 == 1]

print(odd_list)

5.7.2

[] -> ()

my_gen = (i for i in range(21) if i % 2 == 1)

print(type(my_gen)) # <class 'generator'>
for i in my_gen:
print(i)

32 Chapter 5.
 AdvancePython, 0.0.1

5.7.3

d1 = {'key1': 'value1', 'key2': 'value2'}

d2 = {v: k for (k, v) in [Link]()}
print(d2)

5.7.4

set1 = {v for v in [Link]()}

print(set1)

5.8 5.8

• abc

• + += extend

• bisect

• list

5.8. 5.8 33
AdvancePython, 0.0.1

34 Chapter 5.
 CHAPTER 6

Python set dict

Introduce

6.1 6.1 dict abc

from [Link] import *

• Sized: __len__

• Iterable: __iter__

• Container: __contains__

• Collection: Sized, Iterable, Container

• Mapping: Collection

• MutableMapping: Mapping

dict list

from [Link] import Mapping

# dict Mapping
d = dict()
print(isinstance(d, Mapping))

35
AdvancePython, 0.0.1

6.2 6.2 dict

PyCharm

d = {
'linda': {'company': 'Yahoo'},
'catherine': {'company': 'Google'}
}

#
# [Link]()

#
new_dict = [Link]()
#
import copy
new_dict_deep = [Link](d)

new_dict['linda']['company'] = 'Ali'
print(d)
print(new_dict)
print(new_dict_deep)

dd = [Link](['key1', 'key2'], 'default')

[Link]('key', None)
[Link](), [Link](), [Link]()

# key value,
print([Link]('key', 'value'))
[Link]({'name': 'linda'})
print(dd)

6.3 6.3 dict

• c dict list

class MyDict(dict):
def __setitem__(self, key, value):
super().__setitem__(key, value * 2)

( )

36 Chapter 6. Python set dict

 AdvancePython, 0.0.1

( )

my_dict = MyDict(one=1)
print(my_dict) # 1, __setitem__
my_dict['one'] = 1
print(my_dict) # 2, __setitem__

• UserDict

• python c

• defaultdict __missing__

from collections import defaultdict

d2 = defaultdict(list)
# __missing__ UserDict __getitem__
value = d2['key']
print(value)
print(dict(d2))

6.4 6.4 set frozenset

# set
s1 = set('abcc')
print(s1) # {'a', 'c', 'b'}

# frozenset dict key

f1 = frozenset('abcc')
print(f1)

6.5 6.5 dict set

6.6 6.6

6.4. 6.4 set frozenset 37

AdvancePython, 0.0.1

38 Chapter 6. Python set dict

 CHAPTER 7

Introduce

7.1 7.1 python

• java

• python

# a 1
a = 1
# a 'abc'
a = 'abc'
# :

la = [1, 2, 3]
lb = la
# is, id(a) id(b)
print(lb is la) # True, id
print(id(la), id(lb))

[Link](100)
print(lb) # lb la lb

39
AdvancePython, 0.0.1

7.2 7.2 is ==

• is id()

• ==

# is, id(a) id(b)

# =
a = [1, 2, 3, 4]
b = [1, 2, 3, 4]
print(a is b) # False, id
print(id(a), id(b))
print(a == b) # True, __eq__

# intern
a1 = 1
a2 = 1
print(a1 is a2) # True

s1 = 'abc'
s2 = 'abc'
print(s1 is s2) # True

class People:
pass

# People
person = People()
print(type(person) is People) # True

7.3 7.3 del

# python

a = 1
b = a
del a

• del __del__

40 Chapter 7.
 AdvancePython, 0.0.1

• 0

7.4 7.4

a, b

def add(a, b):

a += b
return a

if __name__ == '__main__':
a, b = 1, 2
c = add(a, b)
print('a: %s, b: %s, c: %s' % (a, b, c))
# a: 1, b: 2, c: 3
# a

a, b

def add(a, b):

a += b
return a

if __name__ == '__main__':
a, b = [1, 2], [3, 4]
c = add(a, b)
print('a: %s, b: %s, c: %s' % (a, b, c))
# a: [1, 2, 3, 4], b: [3, 4], c: [1, 2, 3, 4]
# a

a, b

def add(a, b):

a += b
return a

if __name__ == '__main__':
a, b = (1, 2), (3, 4)
c = add(a, b)
print('a: %s, b: %s, c: %s' % (a, b, c))
( )

7.4. 7.4 41
AdvancePython, 0.0.1

( )

# a: (1, 2), b: (3, 4), c: (1, 2, 3, 4)

# a

class Company:
def __init__(self, name, staff_list=[]):
[Link] = name
self.staff_list = staff_list

def add(self, staff):

self.staff_list.append(staff)

def remove(self, staff):

self.staff_list.remove(staff)

if __name__ == '__main__':
com1 = Company('com1', ['staff1', 'staff11'])
[Link]('staff111')
[Link]('staff11')
print(com1.staff_list)

com2 = Company('com2')
[Link]('staff2')

com3 = Company('com3')
[Link]('staff3')

print(com2.staff_list) # ['staff2', 'staff3']

print(com3.staff_list) # ['staff2', 'staff3']

• [] com2.staff_list com3.staff_list

7.5 7.5

• python

• is == =

• del

42 Chapter 7.
 CHAPTER 8

Introduce

8.1 8.1 property

from datetime import date

class User:
def __init__(self, name, birthday):
[Link] = name
[Link] = birthday
self._age = 0 # _

@property
def age(self):
return [Link]().year - [Link]

@[Link]
def age(self, value):
self._age = value

def get_age(self):
( )

43
AdvancePython, 0.0.1

( )

return self._age

if __name__ == '__main__':
user = User('linda', date(1987, 11, 14))
print([Link]) # @property
[Link] = 100 # @[Link]
print(user.get_age()) # self._age _age

• [Link]; self._age

• property

• [Link] = 100

8.2 8.2 __getattr__ __getattribute__

8.2.1 __getattr__

class User:
def __init__(self, name):
[Link] = name

def __getattr__(self, item):

return 'Not found attribute %s' % item

if __name__ == '__main__':
user = User('linda')
print([Link]) # Not found attribute age

• __getattr__,

• else

class User:
def __init__(self, info=None):
if not info:
info = {}
[Link] = info

def __getattr__(self, item):

( )

44 Chapter 8.
 AdvancePython, 0.0.1

( )

return [Link][item]

if __name__ == '__main__':
user = User({'name': 'linda', 'age': 18})
print([Link])
print([Link])

8.2.2 __getattribute__

class User:
def __init__(self, name):
[Link] = name

def __getattribute__(self, item):

return 'get_attribute'

if __name__ == '__main__':
user = User('linda')
print([Link]) # get_attribute
print([Link]) # get_attribute
print([Link]) # get_attribute

• __getattribute__

8.3 8.3

property

• __get__ __set__

• __get__

8.3. 8.3 45
AdvancePython, 0.0.1

import numbers

class IntField:
def __init__(self):
self._data = None

def __get__(self, instance, owner):

print(instance) # <__main__.User object at 0x000002B88B270288>
print(owner) # <class '__main__.User'>
print(type(instance) is owner) # True
print(instance.__class__ is owner) # True
return self._data

def __set__(self, instance, value):

if not isinstance(value, [Link]):
raise ValueError('Need int value')
# value instance or self
# [Link] __set__
self._data = value

def __delete__(self, instance):

pass

class User:
age = IntField()
num = IntField()

if __name__ == '__main__':
user = User()
[Link] = 18
print(user.__dict__) # {} "age" __dict__

print([Link])

user [Link] getattr(user, 'age')

__getattribute__
( )

46 Chapter 8.
 AdvancePython, 0.0.1

( )

__getattr__ __getattribute__ AttributeError __

,→getattr__
(__get__) __getattribute__

user = User(), [Link]

(1) 'age' User __dict__ age data descriptor __
,→get__(instance, owner)
(2) 'age' user __dict__ user.__dict__['age']
(3) 'age' User __dict__
(3.1) age non-data descriptor, __get__
(3.2) User.__dict__['age']
(4) User __getattr__ __getattr__
(5) AttributeError

class NonDataIntFiled:
def __get__(self, instance, owner):
print(instance)
print(owner)
return 100

class User:
age = NonDataIntFiled()

if __name__ == '__main__':
user = User()
# user.__dict__['age'] = 18
# [Link] = 18
# print(user.__dict__)
print([Link])

8.4 8.4 __new__ __init__

• __new__: self
__init__

• __init__:

• __new__ __init__

8.4. 8.4 __new__ __init__ 47

AdvancePython, 0.0.1

class User(object):

# user
def __new__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
# args = ('linda', )
# kwargs = {'age': 20}
# metaclass __new__
print('from __new__')
self = super().__new__(cls)
return self

def __init__(self, name, age=18):

[Link] = name
[Link] = age
print('from __init__')

if __name__ == '__main__':
user = User('linda', age=20)

PS:

• ->

• ->

8.5 8.5

• class

def create_class(name):

if name == 'user':
class User:
def __str__(self):
return 'User'
return User

elif name == 'company':

class Company:
def __str__(self):
( )

48 Chapter 8.
 AdvancePython, 0.0.1

( )

return 'Company'
return Company

MyClass = create_class('user')
obj = MyClass()
print(obj)
print(type(obj)) # <class '__main__.create_class.<locals>.User'>

• type

def func(self):
return 'I am from func.'

class Base:
def answer(self):
return 'I am from [Link].'

# type
User = type('User', (Base, ), {'name': 'user', 'func': func})
user = User()
print([Link])
print([Link]())
print([Link]())
print(type(user))

metaclass(type) -> class -> instance

class MetaClass(type):
# User User __new__
def __new__(cls, name, bases, attrs, **kw):
return super().__new__(cls, name, bases, attrs, **kw)

class User(object, metaclass=MetaClass):

def __init__(self, name):

[Link] = name

def bar(self):
print('from bar.')

8.5. 8.5 49
AdvancePython, 0.0.1

python user = User()

(1) metaclass User

(2) BaseUser metaclass User

(3) metaclass User

(4) type metaclass User

8.6 8.6 ORM

#
class User:
name = CharFiled(db_column="", max_length=32)
age = IntFiled(db_column="", min_value=0, max_value=100)
class Meta:
db_table = 'user'

# ORM
user = User()
[Link] = 'linda'
[Link] = 18
[Link]()

ORM

from collections import OrderedDict

class Field:
pass

class IntField(Field):
def __init__(self, db_column, min_value=0, max_value=100):
self.db_column = db_column
self.min_value = min_value
self.max_value = max_value
self._value = None

( )

50 Chapter 8.
 AdvancePython, 0.0.1

( )

def __get__(self, instance, owner):

return self._value

def __set__(self, instance, value):

if not isinstance(value, int):
raise TypeError('need int value')
if value < self.min_value or value > self.max_value:
raise ValueError('need [%s, %s] value' % (self.min_value, self.max_value))
self._value = value

class CharField(Field):
def __init__(self, db_column, max_length=32):
self.db_column = db_column
self.max_length = max_length
self._value = None

def __get__(self, instance, owner):

return self._value

def __set__(self, instance, value):

if not isinstance(value, str):
raise TypeError('need str value')
if len(value) > self.max_length:
raise ValueError('len need lower than %s' % self.max_length)
self._value = value

#
class MetaClass(type):
def __new__(cls, name, bases, attrs, **kw):
# BaseModel Metaclass name age
if name == 'BaseModel':
return super().__new__(cls, name, bases, attrs, **kw)

fields = {}
for key, value in [Link]():
if isinstance(value, Field):
fields[key] = value

( )

8.6. 8.6 ORM 51

AdvancePython, 0.0.1

( )

attrs_meta = [Link]('Meta', None)

_meta = {}
db_table = [Link]()
if attrs_meta is not None:
table = getattr(attrs_meta, 'db_table', None)
if not table:
db_table = table

_meta['db_table'] = db_table
attrs['_meta'] = _meta
attrs['fields'] = fields
if [Link]('Meta'):
del attrs['Meta']
return super().__new__(cls, name, bases, attrs, **kw)

class BaseModel(metaclass=MetaClass):
def __init__(self, **kw):
for key, value in [Link]():
setattr(self, key, value)
super().__init__()

def save(self):
fields = OrderedDict([Link])
fields_str = ", ".join([value.db_column for value in [Link]()])
values_str = ', '.join([str(getattr(self, field)) if not isinstance(value,␣
,→ CharField)
else "'%s'" % str(getattr(self, field))
for field, value in [Link]()])
sql = "insert into %s (%s) values (%s)" % (self._meta['db_table'], fields_str,␣
,→ values_str)
print(sql)
# insert into user (name1, age) values ('linda', 20)

#
class User(BaseModel):
name = CharField('name1', max_length=16)
age = IntField('age', min_value=0, max_value=100)

( )

52 Chapter 8.
 AdvancePython, 0.0.1

( )

class Meta:
db_table = 'user'

if __name__ == '__main__':
user = User(name='linda')
[Link] = 20
[Link]()

ORM

• (__set__, __get__)

• (MetaClass(type))

• ORM (BaseModel)

• objects

• __new__ __init__ __init__

8.7 8.7

8.7. 8.7 53
AdvancePython, 0.0.1

54 Chapter 8.
 CHAPTER 9

Introduce

9.1 9.1 python

• Iterable

• Iterator

from [Link] import Iterable, Iterator

a = [1, 2]
print(isinstance(a, Iterable))
print(isinstance(a, Iterator))

9.2 9.2

__iter__ Iterator

55
AdvancePython, 0.0.1

from [Link] import Iterator

class MyIterator(Iterator):
def __init__(self, employee):
[Link] = employee
[Link] = 0

def __next__(self):
#
#
#
try:
word = [Link][[Link]]
except IndexError:
raise StopIteration
[Link] += 1
return word

class Company:
def __init__(self, employee):
[Link] = employee

# def __iter__(self):
# return 1 # TypeError: iter() returned non-iterator of type 'int'

# def __iter__(self):
# return self # TypeError: iter() returned non-iterator of type 'Company'

# iter
# def __iter__(self):
# return iter([Link]) # <iterator object at 0x000001F512B907C8>

# MyIterator ******
def __iter__(self):
return MyIterator([Link]) # <__main__.MyIterator object at␣
,→0x0000013462EF0848>

def __getitem__(self, index):

( )

56 Chapter 9.
 AdvancePython, 0.0.1

( )

return [Link][index]

if __name__ == '__main__':
company = Company(['linda', 'alex', 'catherine'])
my_iterator = iter(company)
print(my_iterator)
# for __iter__ __iter__ __getitem__
# for item in company:
# print(item)

while True:
try:
print(next(my_iterator))
except StopIteration:
break

"""
Company __next__ MyIterator
Company __iter__ MyIterator
"""

• Comanpy for __iter__

• MyIterator next() __iter__ __next__

9.3 9.3

yield

• yield

def gen_func():
yield 1
yield 2
yield 3

#
( )

9.3. 9.3 57
AdvancePython, 0.0.1

( )

# 0 1 1 2 3 5 8 ...
def fib(index):
if index <= 2:
return 1
else:
return fib(index-1) + fib(index-2)

def func():
return 1

if __name__ == '__main__':
# python
gen = gen_func()

# for
for value in gen:
print(value)

ret = func()

• for

#
def fib(index):
if index <= 2:
return 1
else:
return fib(index-1) + fib(index-2)

#
def fib2(index):
ret_list = []
n, a, b = 0, 0, 1
while n < index:
ret_list.append(b)
a, b = b, a + b
n += 1
return ret_list
( )

58 Chapter 9.
 AdvancePython, 0.0.1

( )

# yield
def gen_fib(index):
n, a, b = 0, 0, 1
while n < index:
yield b
a, b = b, a + b
n += 1

print(fib(10))
print(fib2(10))
for value in gen_fib(10):
print(value)

112358

9.4 9.4 python

9.4.1 python

[Link] PyEval_EvalFrameEx(c ) foo

(stack_frame)

import inspect
frame = None

def foo():
bar()

( )

9.4. 9.4 python 59

AdvancePython, 0.0.1

( )

def bar():
global frame
frame = [Link]()

#
# import dis
# print([Link](foo))

foo()
print(frame.f_code.co_name) # bar

caller_frame = frame.f_back
print(caller_frame.f_code.co_name) # foo

python foo foo bar

bar

( ) ;

60 Chapter 9.
 AdvancePython, 0.0.1

9.4.2 python

def gen_func():
address = 'China'
yield 1
name = 'linda'
yield 2
age = 20
return 'done'

gen = gen_func()

import dis
print([Link](gen))

print(gen.gi_frame.f_lasti)
print(gen.gi_frame.f_locals)

print('\nfirst value: %s' % next(gen))

print(gen.gi_frame.f_lasti)
print(gen.gi_frame.f_locals)

print('\nsecond value: %s' % next(gen))

print(gen.gi_frame.f_lasti)
print(gen.gi_frame.f_locals)

9.4. 9.4 python 61

AdvancePython, 0.0.1

• gen.gi_frame.f_lasti

• gen.gi_frame.f_locals

9.5 9.5 UserList

• from collections import UserList

class MyList:
def __init__(self):
[Link] = []

def __getitem__(self, index):

return [Link][index]

def __setitem__(self, index, value):

[Link][index] = value

def insert(self, index, item):

[Link](index, item)
( )

62 Chapter 9.
 AdvancePython, 0.0.1

( )

ll = MyList()
[Link](0, 1)
[Link](0, 2)
[Link](0, 3)
print([Link])

• from collections import UserDict

class MyDict:
def __init__(self):
[Link] = {}

def __getitem__(self, item):

return [Link][item]

def __setitem__(self, key, value):

[Link][key] = value

def update(self, **kw):

for key, value in [Link]():
self[key] = value

dd = MyDict()
print([Link])

[Link](key1='value1', key2='value2')
print(dd['key1'])
print([Link])

collections

9.6 9.6

500G {|}

def my_readline(f, newline):

buf = ''
while True:
( )

9.6. 9.6 63
AdvancePython, 0.0.1

( )

while newline in buf:

pos = [Link](newline)
yield buf[:pos]
buf = buf[pos + len(newline):]
chunk = [Link](4096 * 10)
if not chunk:
yield buf
break
buf += chunk

with open('input') as f:
for line in my_readline(f, '{|}'):
print(line)

9.7 9.7

64 Chapter 9.
 CHAPTER 10

• ni-ning

• Email nining1314@[Link]

• [Link]

• GitHub [Link]

65
AdvancePython, 0.0.1

66 Chapter 10.
 CHAPTER 11

Roadmap

2019/12/02 - 2019/12/31:

| github readthedocs
|

67