Linear Function

Subtitle

Slope
y-intercept x-intercept
Form Ду У2 - У1
x=0 y = 0
Ax X2- х1
Standard:

Ax + By = C A C C
y=- x =-
A, B, andCEZ B B A
B0

Slope-intercept:
b
y = mx + b m y=b
m
m and bER

Point-slope:
у - у1 = m(x - x1) m (X1,Y1) is a point on the line

m, x1, and y1 ER
 У y У

No slope
m >0 m <0 m = 0
x= k2
y = mx +b y = mx + b y = k1

X X X X

If two line are perpendicular, the product of

If two lines parallel, they have the same
slope of one
are
their slopes is negative one, or the
slope
line is the negative reciprocal of the other's
1
t
u//1
n tp

→ m Mn mp =-1
d
=
Mt *

X X

2 14

On the first day of a semester, a film club has A store sells two different-sized containers of
90 members. Each day after the first day of the blueberries. The store's sales of these blueberries
semester, 10 new members join the film club. If totaled 896.86 dollars last month. The equation
no members leave the film club, how many total
4.51x + 6.07y = 896.86 represents this situation,
members will the film club have 4 days after the
where x is the number of smaller containers sold
first day of the semester?
and y is the number of larger containers sold.
A) 400 According to the equation, what is the price, in
B) 130 dollars, of each smaller container?

C) 94
D) 90
 Linear Modeling

Some questions on the SAT test require us to understand the meaning of the slope and the
y-intercept of linear functions in real world contexts.

Slope: the slope of a linear function represents the rate of change, meaning the changes in
the output for every fixed amount k changes in the input.
y-intercept: the x-coordinate of the y-intercept is 0→ the y-intercept represents the
initial value, the value at the beginning.

Real world context Interpretation

Peter drives at a speed of 20mph from home. Slope = 20 y-intercept = 0

Sarah earns a $1,000 fixed salary and $15 per

Slope = 15 y-intercept = 1,000
phone that she sells.

Tom has to repair 500 chairs and he can fix 5

Slope = -5 y-intercept = 500
chairs every hour.

The pool has 300 gallons of water, and 25

Slope = -25 y-intercept = 300
gallons of water is drained every hour.

2 9

For a training program, Juan rides his bike at an

g(m) = -0.05m + 12.1
average rate of 5.7 minutes per mile. Which
function m models the number of minutes it will take The given function g models the number of gallons
Juan to ride x miles at this rate? of gasoline that remains from a full gas tank in a car
after driving m miles. According to the model, about
X
A) m(x) = how many gallons of gasoline are used to drive
5.7 each mile?

B) m(x) = x + 5.7
A) 0.05
B) 12.1

C) m(x) = x - 5.7 C) 20
D) 242.0
D) m(x) = 5.7x
 9 5

Hana deposited a fixed amount into her bank

account each month. The function f(t) = 100 + 25t

gives the amount, dollars, in Hana's bank account
in

after t monthly deposits. What is the best

interpretation of 25 in this context?

A) With each monthly deposit, the amount in

Hana's bank account increased by $25.
B) Before Hana made any monthly deposits, the
amount in her bank account was $25.

C) After monthly deposit, the

X
1 amount in Hana's
bank account was $25.
The graph represents the total charge, in dollars, by
an electrician for x hours of work. The electrician D) Hana made a total of 25 monthly deposits.
charges a onetime fee plus an hourly rate. What is the
best interpretation of the slope of the graph?

A) The electrician's hourly rate

B) The electrician's onetime fee
C) The maximum amount that the electrician
charges
D) The total amount that the electrician charges

Questions 19 and 20 refer to the following 28

information.
The amount of water y, in gallons, in a reservoir x
d = 2,565-500f minutes after the reservoir begins to drain can be
modeled by the equation y = 1,500-3x. If the equation
An airplane flies directly from a city in Pennsylvania to a is graphed in the xy-plane, which of the following is the
city in Ecuador. The equation above estimates the best interpretation of the x-intercept?
distance d, in miles, from the city in Ecuador of the A) The reservoir drains at the rate of 3 gallons per
airplane t hours after taking off from the city in minute.
Pennsylvania.
B) There are 500 gallons of water in the reservoir before
19
it begins to drain.
Which of the following is the best interpretation of C) There are 1,500 gallons of water in the reservoir
the number 2,565 in this context? before it begins to drain.

A) The speed, in miles per hour, of the airplane D) The water willcompletely drain from the reservoir
500 minutes after the reservoir begins to drain.
B) The distance, in miles, the airplane travels in
one hour

C) The distance, in miles, the airplane travels

between the two cities

D) The time, in minutes, it takes the airplane to

reach the city in Ecuador
 Quadratic Function
Subtitle

y-intercept x-intercept
Form Vertex
x = 0 y= 0
Standard:

(一品)
y = ax² + bx + c b b -b±√b² - 4ac
y = c x
2a
=

a, b, and CER 2a
a 0

Vertex:

y a(x h)2 +k Solve by Completing

(h,k) ah²k
= −

y
the Square
=

a, h, and kER
a 0
Factored:

y a(x x1)(x
(X1+X2
=
(X1 + X2 X1
-
x =

- x2) 2 2
у = ах1X2 [x = X2
a, x1, and x2 ER
a ≠0
16 13

2 2
g(x) = x²+55 f(x) = 4x- 50x + 126

What is the minimum value of the given function? The given equation defines the function f. For what
A) 0 value of x does f(x) reach its minimum?

B) 55
C) 110
D) 3,025

12 19

1
An object is kicked fromaplatform. The equation
2 The function f(x)=(x
9
-7)² +3 gives metal a

h = -4.9t² + 7t + 9 represents this situation, where

h is the height of the object above the ground, in ball's height above the ground f(x), in inches,
meters, t seconds after it is kicked. Which number
x seconds after it started moving on a track, where
represents the height, in meters, from which the
object was kicked? 0 ≤ x≤ 10. Which of the following is the best

A) 0
interpretation of the vertex of the graph of
B) 4.9
C) 7 y = f(x) in the xy-plane?

D) 9 A) The metal ball's minimum height was 3 inches

above the ground.
B) The metal ball's minimum height was 7 inches
above the ground.
C) The metal ball's height was 3 inches above the
ground when it started moving.
D) The metal ball's height was 7 inches above the
ground when it started moving.
9
16

12-+
The function f(w) = 6w² gives the area ofa
rectangle, in square feet (ft²),if its width is w ft and
6
Height (meters)

its length is 6 times its width. Which of the following

is the best interpretation of f(14) 1,176?
9

A) If the width of the rectangle is 14 ft, then the area

3-
of the rectangle is 1,176 ft².
-X
B) If the width of the rectangle is 14 ft, then the
σ 2 3 length of the rectangle is 1,176 ft.
Time (seconds)
C) If the width of the rectangle is 1,176 ft, then the
A competitive diver dives from platform into the
a
length of the rectangle is 14 ft.
water. The graph shown gives the height above the
water y, in meters, of the diver x seconds after diving D) If the width of the rectangle is 1,176 ft, then the
from the platform. What is the best interpretation of
the x-intercept of the graph? area of the rectangle is 14 ft².
A) The diver reaches a maximum height above the
water at 1.6 seconds.

B) The diver hits the water at 1.6 seconds.

C) The diver reaches a maximum height above the

water at 0.2 seconds.

D) The diver hits the water at 0.2 seconds.

26 26

In the xy-plane, a parabola has vertex (9, –-14) and The function f is defined by f(x) =
= ax2
ax² + bx + c,

intersects the x-axis at two points. If the equation of where a, b, and c are constants. The graph of
2
the parabola is written in the form y = ax² + bx + c, y = f(x) in the xy-plane passes through the points
where a, b, and c are constants, which of the (7, 0) and (-3, 0). If a is an integer greater than 1,
following could be the value of a+b+c? which of the following could be the value of a + b ?

A) -23 A) -6
B) -19 B) -3

C) -14 C) 4
D) -12 D) 5
 Exponential Function
Subtitle

y-intercept x-intercept Rate in decimal

Form
x = 0 y = 0 r
x

y = a* (b) b = 1+r
y=a None percent growth: 0
a, b, k ∈ R r >

a & b > 0 b≠ 1 percent decay: r <0

28 30

An online newsletter currently has 1,000 subscribes.

In planning maintenance for a city's infrastructure, a

civil engineer estimates that, starting from the If the number of subscribes triples every six months,

present, the population of the city will decrease by which of the following functions N gives the number of
subscribes the newsletter will have t years from now?
10 percent every 20 years. If the present population
of the city is 50,000, which of the following A)N(t) =3·(1,000)
expressions represents the engineer's estimate of the B) N(t) =1,000 (3)
population of the city t years from now? 2t
C) N(t) =1,000 (3)
A) 50,000(0.1)20г C) 50,000(0.9)20г D) N(t) =1,000 (3)

20
B) 50,000(0.1) D) 50,000(0.9)20
 17 16

p(t) = 90,000(1.06) The function f(x) = 206(1.034)* models the value,

in dollars, of a certain bank account by the end of

The given function p models the population of
Lowell t years after a census. Which of the following each year from 1957 through 1972, where x is the

functions best models the population of Lowell number of years after 1957. Which of the following is
m months after the census? the best interpretation of "f(5) is approximately
equal to 243” in this context?

90,000
A) r(m) =
-(1.06)m A) The value of the bank account is estimated to be
12 approximately 5 dollars greater in 1962 than in
1957.

1.06
m
B) The value of the bank account is estimated to be
B) r(m) = 90,000 approximately 243 dollars in 1962.
12
C) The value, in dollars, of the bank account is
m

12
estimated to be approximately 5 times greater in
1962 than in 1957.
C) (m) = 90.000 12
D) The value of the bank account is estimated to

increase by approximately 243 dollars every

m
5 years between 1957 and 1972.
D) r(m) = 90,000(1.06)12

15 17

The equation E(t) = 5(1.8)' gives the estimated f(t) = 8,000(0.65)

number of employees at a restaurant, where t is the The given function f models the number of coupons

number of years since the restaurant opened. Which a company sent to their customers at the end of each
year, where t represents the number of years since
of the following is the best interpretation of the
the end of 1998, and 0 ≤ t ≤ 5. If y = f(t) is graphed
number 5 in this context?
in the ty-plane, which of the following is the best
interpretation of the y-intercept of the graph in this
A) The estimated number of employees when the
context?
restaurant opened
B) The increase in the estimated number of A) The minimum estimated number of coupons the
company sent to their customers during the
employees each year
5 years was 1,428.
C) The number of years the restaurant has been
B) The minimum estimated number of coupons the
open
company sent to their customers during the
D) The percent increase in the estimated number of 5 years was 8,000.
employees each year C) The estimated number of coupons the company
sent to their customers at the end of 1998

was 1,428.

D) The estimated number of coupons the company

sent to their customers at the end of 1998
was 8,000.