THE [Link].M.G.R.

MEDICAL UNIVERSITY- PRACTICAL& ORAL EXAMINATIONS (FEB - 2017)

DEPARTMENT OF COMMUNITY MEDICINE , GOVT VELLORE MEDICAL COLLEGE,VELLORE -11.

EPIDEMIOLOGICAL EXERCISES
[Link] BIOSTATISTICS

1. The following table gives the recorded age of onset of diseases for a group of 20 patients suffering from
diabetes mellitus. Recorded age in years are as follows:
39,50,26,45,47,51,33,40,51,53, 66,63,55,57,41,61,47,44,48,54
Find the arithmetic mean ,mode and median

2. The duration of illness in days in a group of patients suffering from upper respiratory infection is given below
Duration of illness in days
9,7,11,9,8,4 , 6,12,6,8,8,5
Calculate the mean, median ,mode and standard deviation

3. The weight of 12 students (6 boys and 6girls) of a particular class weretaken and tabulated weight of
students in Kilogram
Girls= 68,65,53,61,67,50
Boys= 78,61,74,74,67,74
Find the mean , median, mode,mean deviation, standard deviation and coefficient of variation

II MORBIDITY & MORTALITY INDICATORS ,MALARIAL INDICES INCLUDING VITAL STATISTICS

[Link] & MORTALITY INDICATORS

[Link] midyear population of a town in the year 2008 was 1 lakh. The total number of deaths was 1200. Deaths due
to cholera were 100 out of the total number of 1000 cases of cholera in that same year. Further deaths in persons
above 60 years were 250 among the 10,000 people of people above 60 years.
Calculate Crude death rate , Cause specific death rate, Age specific death rate , Case fatality rate,
Proportional mortality rate.

2. A slum area with a population of 20000 experienced an epidemic of hepatitis in the year 2005. 400 cases were
recorded and 95% of them occurred among those aged less than 40 years. There were 8 deaths due to hepatitis.
There were totally 200 deaths due to all causes during that year.
a. What is the death rate due to hepatitis?
b. What is the case fatality rate?
c. What is the proportional mortality rate due to hepatitis?
d. What is the crude death rate for the year 2005?

[Link] STATITICS
1. A town of population during the year 2006 of 1lakh had in that year, 2300 live births, 1100 deaths of all groups, 5
maternal deaths, 138 infant deaths.
Calculate the crude death rate, growth rate, maternal mortality rate and infant mortality rate.
2. The following data relate to a town for the year 2000
Mid year population – 100000
No. of live births – 2400
No of deaths – 1040
No of late fetal deaths – 40
Deaths under 1 week of age – 40
Deaths in first four weeks – 120
No. of infant deaths - 160
Calculate the crude birth rate, crude death rate, infant mortality rate, perinatal mortality rate and neonatal mortality
rate.

3. In an estimated mid year population of 200000 there were 5000 live births & 1650 deaths in the year 2004. Women
of child bearing age group formed 20% of the population
No. of fetal deaths > 1000 gms – 100
No. of abortions – 600
No. of deaths 0 – 7 days – 100
No. of deaths under 1 year – 300
Calculate the crude birth rate, crude death rate, infant mortality rate, perinatal mortality rate and general fertility rate.

4. The following data relate to a municipal town for the year [Link]-year population – 300000
Birth rate – 18 per 1000 mid year popDeath rate – 8 per 100 mid year pop
Deaths under 1 week – 40Deaths 8 – 28 days – 60
Deaths in 1 month to one year – 80
Women in child bearing age – 22% of the pop
Calculate the infant mortality rate, neonatal mortality rate, post neonatal mortality rate, general fertility rate and
growth rate.

5. In an estimated mid-year population of 1,00,000 there were 3000 live births. The number of women in the
reproductive age group was 15000. Distribution of women and births in the different age groups are given below.

Age group (in yrs) No. of women No. of births

15 – 24 4000 1200
25 – 34 6000 1600
35 – 44 5000 200
Total 15000 3000

Calculate:Crude birth rate ,General fertility rate, Age specific fertility rate, Total fertility rate

6. In an estimated mid-year population of 100000 there were 2500 births and 850 deaths. Of those who died 600
were women, of whom 8 died between 1 st and 42nd day following delivery, 2 between 43 rd and 56th day following
delivery. The rest of the deaths were unrelated to delivery. Women in the child bearing age group constituted 20
percent of the population. Number of infant deaths was 125 and deaths within the first 28 days was 75.
Calculate the crude birth rate, infant mortality rate, neonatal mortality rate, maternal mortality rate and general fertility
rate.
[Link] & FILARIAL INDICES
1. In a PHC of 50000 population, 6000 blood smears were taken under active surveillance in 2003. on examination,
60 blood smears were found to be positive for [Link], 5 for [Link] and 4 for [Link] and [Link].
Calculate annual blood examination rate, annual parasite incidence, annual falciparum incidence, slide positivity
rate and slide falciparum rate.
2. In a town of 50,000 population all were examined for microfilaria in peripheral blood and for clinical manifestation
of filariasis. Of this 50 persons showed microfilaria in peripheral blood. 100 persons showed clinical manifestation for
filariasis.
Calculate a) Microfilaria rate b) Filaria disease rate c) Filariaendemicity rate
3. A rat flea survey was conducted in a village. 20 rats were caught and combed for 40 rat fleas (Xenopsyllacheopis).
Calculate the flea index and give your comments.
4. 1000 houses in a sea port were inspected. 30 had Aedes mosquito in their artificial collections of water. Calculate
Aedesaegypti index and comment on it.

D. HORROCK’S TEST
1. Calculate the quantity of bleaching powder containing 23% available chlorine needed to disinfect a 20m deep well,
6m in diameter having 6m of water. The Horrock’s test done on the water sample indicates definite blue colour in 4 th
5th and 6th cups respectively. Explain the practical procedure to chlorinate the well.
2. Calculate the quantity of bleaching powder needed to disinfect a rectangular well measuring 3m length, 3m
breadth and 8m depth having 6m of water to be disinfected. The Horrock’s test done on the water sample indicates
definite blue colour in 5th cup. Explain the practical procedure to chlorinate the well.
3. Calculate the quantity of bleaching powder needed to disinfect a well 4.5m in diameter having 5m of water. The
Horrock’s test done on the water sample indicates definite blue colour in 4 th cup. Explain the practical procedure to
chlorinate the well.
4. The 2nd cup in the horrocks test gives a definite blue colour when starch cadmium iodide indicator solution is added
to the water sample. Calculate the quantity of bleaching powder needed to disinfect a open well of 3m in diameter
having 5m of water. Explain the practical procedure to chlorinate the well.

III. STUDY DESIGNS

[Link] CONTROL
[Link] a study to find association of blindness with diabetes ,diabetes status was taken as the risk factor and the
distribution of blindness with respect to presence or absence of diabetes is given below :

Exposure Blindness present Blindness absent

DM present 180 120

 DM absent 140 200

1) What is the type of study design. 2) Calculate the exposure rates.

3) Calculate the odds ratio. 4) Comment on the odds ratio
2. Thalidomide was first marketed as a safe non-barbiturate hypnotic in Britain in [Link] 1961,there were a large
number of babies born with abnormalities which was previously rare.A study was conducted in one hospital in Britain
showed that among 46 mothers delivered of deformed babies,41 were found to have had Thalidomide during their
early [Link] was compared with a control of 300 mothers who have deliverdnorml babies among whom 2
mothers have taken Thalidomide.
1) What isthe type of study design. 2) Calculate the exposure rates.
3) Calculate the odds ratio. 4) Comment on the odds ratio.
[Link] STUDY
1. 1000 workers working in a ceramic factory were followed up for a period of 10 years. Among whom 125 of them
developed chronic respiratory illness. A comparison group of 2000 workers who were working in a non dusty
environment were also followed up for the same period among whom 25 of them developed chronic respiratory
illness
a) What is the type of study design. b) Calculate the incidence rate.
c) Calculate the relative risk and comment. d) Calculate the attributable risk and comment .

2. A group of 63 women in reproductive age group of a village were followed up for a period of 2 [Link] were 4
offsprings who developed neonatal [Link] matched 82 women were followed up in a neighbouring [Link]
offspring developed neonatal [Link] you consider rural environment as pre-disposing factor for development of
neonataltetanus. Calculate the relative risk and attributable risk.

3.A group of male adults 20 to 60 years of age using pan masala under various trade names were followedup for one
year.50 of them were selected from a HSC area.A control group of 100 men comparable in other aspects were
followed up for the same [Link] outcome of the study was development of leukoplakia.19 of the pan chewers
developed [Link] 4 of the control developed [Link] reported prevalence of leukoplakia in
population is 10%.
a) What is the type of study design b) .Calculate the relative risk and comment.
b) Calculate the attributable risk and comment . d) Calculate the population attributable risk and comment.

4.A study was conducted to measure the protective effect of BCG against tuberculous meningitis.60 cases of
tuberculous meningitis were diagnosed in 5 [Link] equal number of controls matched for age, sex and
neighbourhood were [Link] workers assessed BCG vaccination status of the cases and controls by
looking for a typical scar over the left deltoid region.25% of the cases and 50% of the controls had BCG scar.
[Link] is the type of [Link] is the exposure factor being studied.
[Link] the odds [Link] the protective effect of BCG against tuberculous meningitis

IV. SCREENING TEST

1. A new screening test for disease X was found to be positive in 20% of 600 people among whom the prevalence of
disease was known to be 16%. There were 12 false negatives. Calculate the specificity, sensitivity and positive
predictive value.
2. The results obtained after screening 10,000 people for diabetes with random blood sugar is given in the [Link]
screening level of 120mg/[Link] prevalence of diabetes in that population was known to be 1.5%
DIABETIC NON-DIABETIC

RBS PRESENT 70 (a) 100 (b)

RBS ABSENT 80 (c) 9750 (d)

TOTAL 150 9850

[Link] studies on 114 women were compared with gold standard of surgical excision biopsy in women without
palpable breast masses. Calculate the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value

Breast Carcinoma+ Breast Carcinoma -

FNAC Carcinoma + 14 (a) 8 (b)

FNAC Carcinoma - 1 (c) 91 (d)

15 99

THE [Link].M.G.R. MEDICAL UNIVERSITY- PRACTICAL& ORAL EXAMINATIONS (AUGUST 2013)

DEPARTMENT OF COMMUNITY MEDICINE ,
GOVT VELLORE MEDICAL COLLEGE,VELLORE -[Link] : 06.09.2013
Time : 30 Min Marks : 2X 4 = 8
1.. A town of population during the year 2006 of 1lakh had in that year, 2300 live births, 1100 deaths of all groups, 5
maternal deaths, 138 infant deaths.
Calculate the crude death rate, growth rate, maternal mortality rate and infant mortality rate.

2. A new screening test for disease X was found to be positive in 20% of 600 people among whom the prevalence
of disease was known to be 16%. There were 12 false negatives. Calculate the specificity, sensitivity and positive
predictive value.

*******
 THE [Link].M.G.R. MEDICAL UNIVERSITY- PRACTICAL& ORAL EXAMINATIONS (AUGUST 2013)
DEPARTMENT OF COMMUNITY MEDICINE ,
GOVT VELLORE MEDICAL COLLEGE,VELLORE -[Link] : 06.09.2013
Time : 30 Min Marks : 2X 4 = 8
1. . A town of population during the year 2006 of 1lakh had in that year, 2300 live births, 1100 deaths of all groups, 5
maternal deaths, 138 infant deaths.
Calculate the crude death rate, growth rate, maternal mortality rate and infant mortality rate.

2. A new screening test for disease X was found to be positive in 20% of 600 people among whom the prevalence
of disease was known to be 16%. There were 12 false negatives. Calculate the specificity, sensitivity and positive
predictive value.

*******

THE [Link].M.G.R. MEDICAL UNIVERSITY- PRACTICAL& ORAL EXAMINATIONS (AUGUST 2013)

DEPARTMENT OF COMMUNITY MEDICINE ,
GOVT VELLORE MEDICAL COLLEGE,VELLORE -[Link] : 06.09.2013
Time : 30 Min Marks : 2X 4 = 8
1. . A town of population during the year 2006 of 1lakh had in that year, 2300 live births, 1100 deaths of all groups, 5
maternal deaths, 138 infant deaths.
Calculate the crude death rate, growth rate, maternal mortality rate and infant mortality rate.

2. A new screening test for disease X was found to be positive in 20% of 600 people among whom the prevalence
of disease was known to be 16%. There were 12 false negatives. Calculate the specificity, sensitivity and positive
predictive value.

*******

1. A town of population during the year 2006 of 1lakh had in that year, 2300 live births,
1100 deaths of all groups, 5 maternal deaths, 138 infant deaths.
Calculate the crude death rate, growth rate, maternal mortality rate and infant mortality
rate.
Answer :
Crude birth rate
= Number of live births during the year x 1000
Mid – year population
= 2300 X 1000
 100000
= 23 per 1000 population
• Crude death rate
= Number of deaths during the year x 1000
Mid – year population
= 1100 X 1000
100000
= 11 per 1000 population
• Growth rate = Crude birth rate – Crude death rate (in percentage)
= 23 per 1000 – 11 per 1000
=1.2 %
Maternal mortality rate
= No. of maternal deaths during a given year x 1000
Total No. of Live births in the same area & year
= 5 x 1000
2300
= 2.17 per 1000 live births
Infant mortality rate
= No. of deaths of children less than 1 yr of age in a year x 1000
No. of live births in the same year
= 138 x 1000
2300
= 60 per 1000 live births
2. A new screening test for disease X was found to be positive in 20% of 600 people among whom the prevalence
of disease was known to be 16%. There were 12 false negatives. Calculate the specificity, sensitivity and positive
predictive value.

Data given:
1) [Link] people = 600
2) Total test positive = 20% of 600 = 120
3) Prevalence of disease = 16% of 600 = 96
 4) False negative = 12

Disease present Disease absent Total

Test+ 84 (a) 36 (b) 120

test - 12 (c) 468 (d) 480

96 504

a) sensitivity= a x 100
a+c
= 84/96 X 100
= 87.5%
b) specificity = d x 100
b+d
= 468/504 X 100
= 92.86%
c) Positive predictive value = a x 100
a+b
= 84/120 X100
= 70%

THE [Link].M.G.R. MEDICAL UNIVERSITY- PRACTICAL& ORAL EXAMINATIONS (AUGUST 2013)

DEPARTMENT OF COMMUNITY MEDICINE , GOVT VELLORE MEDICAL COLLEGE,VELLORE -11.

SPOTTERS KEY DATE : 06.09.2013

 1. Culex Mosquito

2. Pyrethrum Extract

3. Egg

4. Dots Category-I A &B

5. Growth Chart

6. Adult Mosquito - Anopheles

7. Abate ( Temephos 50EC)

8. ORS Packet

9. Dots Category-I A &B

10. MILK

THE [Link].M.G.R. MEDICAL UNIVERSITY- PRACTICAL& ORAL EXAMINATIONS (AUGUST 2013)

DEPARTMENT OF COMMUNITY MEDICINE , GOVT VELLORE MEDICAL COLLEGE,VELLORE -11.

SPOTTERS KEY DATE : 06.09.2013

1. Culex Mosquito

2. Pyrethrum Extract

3. Egg

4. Dots Category-I A &B

5. Growth Chart

6. Adult Mosquito - Anopheles

7. Abate ( Temephos 50EC)

8. ORS Packet
 9. Dots Category-I A &B

10. MILK

THE [Link].M.G.R. MEDICAL UNIVERSITY- PRACTICAL& ORAL EXAMINATIONS (AUGUST 2013)

DEPARTMENT OF COMMUNITY MEDICINE ,
GOVT VELLORE MEDICAL COLLEGE,VELLORE -[Link] : 07.09.2013
Time : 30 Min Marks : 2X 4 = 8
1. In an estimated mid year population of 200000 there were 5000 live births & 1650 deaths in the year 2004. Women
of child bearing age group formed 20% of the population
No. of fetal deaths > 1000 gms – 100
No. of abortions – 600
No. of deaths 0 – 7 days – 100
No. of deaths under 1 year – 300
Calculate the crude birth rate, crude death rate, infant mortality rate, perinatal mortality rate and general fertility rate.

[Link] the quantity of bleaching powder containing 23% available chlorine needed to disinfect a 20m deep well,
6m in
diameter having 6m of water. The Horrock’s test done on the water sample indicates definite blue colour in 4 th 5th and
6th
cups respectively. Explain the practical procedure to chlorinate the well.

*******

THE [Link].M.G.R. MEDICAL UNIVERSITY- PRACTICAL& ORAL EXAMINATIONS (AUGUST 2013)

DEPARTMENT OF COMMUNITY MEDICINE ,
GOVT VELLORE MEDICAL COLLEGE,VELLORE -[Link] : 07.09.2013
Time : 30 Min Marks : 2X 4 = 8
1. In an estimated mid year population of 200000 there were 5000 live births & 1650 deaths in the year 2004. Women
of child bearing age group formed 20% of the population
No. of fetal deaths > 1000 gms – 100
No. of abortions – 600
No. of deaths 0 – 7 days – 100
No. of deaths under 1 year – 300
Calculate the crude birth rate, crude death rate, infant mortality rate, perinatal mortality rate and general fertility rate.

[Link] the quantity of bleaching powder containing 23% available chlorine needed to disinfect a 20m deep well,
6m in
diameter having 6m of water. The Horrock’s test done on the water sample indicates definite blue colour in 4 th 5th and
6th
cups respectively. Explain the practical procedure to chlorinate the well.

*******
THE [Link].M.G.R. MEDICAL UNIVERSITY- PRACTICAL& ORAL EXAMINATIONS (AUGUST 2013)
DEPARTMENT OF COMMUNITY MEDICINE ,
 GOVT VELLORE MEDICAL COLLEGE,VELLORE -[Link] : 07.09.2013
Time : 30 Min Marks : 2X 4 = 8
1. In an estimated mid year population of 200000 there were 5000 live births & 1650 deaths in the year 2004. Women
of child bearing age group formed 20% of the population
No. of fetal deaths > 1000 gms – 100
No. of abortions – 600
No. of deaths 0 – 7 days – 100
No. of deaths under 1 year – 300
Calculate the crude birth rate, crude death rate, infant mortality rate, perinatal mortality rate and general fertility rate.

[Link] the quantity of bleaching powder containing 23% available chlorine needed to disinfect a 20m deep well,
6m in
diameter having 6m of water. The Horrock’s test done on the water sample indicates definite blue colour in 4 th 5th and
6th
cups respectively. Explain the practical procedure to chlorinate the well.
*******

In an estimated mid year population of 200000 there were 5000 live births & 1650 deaths in the year 2004. Women
of child bearing age group formed 20% of the population
No. of fetal deaths > 1000 gms – 100
No. of abortions – 600
No. of deaths 0 – 7 days – 100
No. of deaths under 1 year – 300
Calculate the crude birth rate, crude death rate, infant mortality rate, perinatal mortality rate and general fertility rate.

No. of fetal deaths > 1000 gms – 100

No. of abortions – 600
No. of deaths 0 – 7 days – 100
No. of deaths under 1 year – 300
Calculate the crude birth rate, crude death rate, infant mortality rate, perinatal mortality rate and
general fertility rate.
• Crude birth rate
= Number of live births during the year x 1000
Mid – year population
= 5000 X 1000
20000
= 25 per 1000
• Crude death rate
= Number of deaths during the year x 1000
Mid – year population
= 1650 X 1000
200000
= 8.25 per 1000 population
Infant mortality rate
= No. of deaths of children less than 1 yr of age in a year x 1000
No. of live births in the same year
= 300 x 1000
5000
= 60 per 1000 live births
Perinatal mortality rate =
late fetal deaths ( 28 wks gestation & more) + early neonatal deaths ( 1stwk ) in 1 year X 1000
Live births in the same year
= 100 + 100 x 1000
5000
= 40 per 1000 live births
General Fertility Rate
= No. of live births during the year x 1000
Mid year women population age 15-44(or 49) in the same year
= 5000 x 1000
20% of 200000
= 5000 x 1000
40000
= 125 per 1000 women population

[Link] the quantity of bleaching powder containing 23% available chlorine needed to disinfect a 20m deep well,
6m in
diameter having 6m of water. The Horrock’s test done on the water sample indicates definite blue colour in 4 th 5th and
6th
cups respectively. Explain the practical procedure to chlorinate the well.

Calculations

1) Volume of water to be disinfected in litres

In cubic meters = II/4D² d
In litres (V) = 0.7885*6*6*1000
=1,69,600litres.

2) Quantity of bleaching powder required in gm = 2n*V/445

= 2*4*169600/445
= 2982gm

Ans: The quantity of bleaching powder required to chlorinate the well is 2982gm(3kg).

Practical Method of well disinfection:

Quantity of bleaching powder = 3kg

Quantity of hexa – meta phosphate (5%) = 0.05*3000 =150 gm
 Quantity of coarse sand ( Twice) = 2*3 = 6kg

Mix up the content and either by immersing the contents in gunny bag or by pot method
of chlorination or by dissolving the bleaching powder, the well disinfection can be
effectively carried out.

Mix up the content evenly and two specially designed single/double pot with appropriate holes is
to be used to dose the chlorine into the well; Each set contains half the above contents (1.5 kg +
75 gm + 3kg) for better dispersal of chlorine solution. Immerse the pot inside the well upto 1m
below the water levelso that it is not affected during normal water drawal.

THE [Link].M.G.R. MEDICAL UNIVERSITY- PRACTICAL& ORAL EXAMINATIONS (AUGUST 2013)

DEPARTMENT OF COMMUNITY MEDICINE , GOVT VELLORE MEDICAL COLLEGE,VELLORE -11.
SPOTTERS KEY DATE : 07.09.2013
1. Adult Mosquito - Anopheles

2. Abate ( Temephos 50EC)

3. Carrot

4. MDT MB - Adult

5. DPT

6. Adult Mosquito - Culex

7. Malathion

8. Green Leafy Vegetable

9. MDT PB - Adult

10. OPV

THE [Link].M.G.R. MEDICAL UNIVERSITY- PRACTICAL& ORAL EXAMINATIONS (AUGUST 2013)

DEPARTMENT OF COMMUNITY MEDICINE , GOVT VELLORE MEDICAL COLLEGE,VELLORE -11.
SPOTTERS KEY DATE : 07.09.2013
1. Adult Mosquito - Anopheles
 2. Abate ( Temephos 50EC)

3. Carrot

4. MDT MB - Adult

5. DPT

6. Adult Mosquito - Culex

7. Malathion

8. Green Leafy Vegetable

9. MDT PB - Adult

10. OPV
THE [Link].M.G.R. MEDICAL UNIVERSITY- PRACTICAL& ORAL EXAMINATIONS (AUGUST 2013)
DEPARTMENT OF COMMUNITY MEDICINE , GOVT VELLORE MEDICAL COLLEGE,VELLORE -11.

OSPE KEY DATE : 07.09.2013

1. Measles
2. Lymphatic Filariasis
3. Goitre
4. Bitot’s Spot – Vitamin –A Def.
5. Single exposure Common source.

THE [Link].M.G.R. MEDICAL UNIVERSITY- PRACTICAL& ORAL EXAMINATIONS (AUGUST 2013)

DEPARTMENT OF COMMUNITY MEDICINE , GOVT VELLORE MEDICAL COLLEGE,VELLORE -11.

OSPE KEY DATE : 07.09.2013

1. Measles
2. Lymphatic Filariasis
3. Goitre
4. Bitot’s Spot – Vitamin –A Def.
5. Single exposure Common source.

THE [Link].M.G.R. MEDICAL UNIVERSITY- PRACTICAL& ORAL EXAMINATIONS (AUGUST 2013)

DEPARTMENT OF COMMUNITY MEDICINE , GOVT VELLORE MEDICAL COLLEGE,VELLORE -11.

OSPE KEY DATE : 07.09.2013

1. Measles
2. Lymphatic Filariasis
 3. Goitre
4. Bitot’s Spot – Vitamin –A Def.
5. Single exposure Common source.

THE [Link].M.G.R. MEDICAL UNIVERSITY- PRACTICAL& ORAL EXAMINATIONS (AUGUST 2013)

DEPARTMENT OF COMMUNITY MEDICINE , GOVT VELLORE MEDICAL COLLEGE,VELLORE -11.

OSPE KEY DATE : 07.09.2013

1. Measles
2. Lymphatic Filariasis
3. Goitre
4. Bitot’s Spot – Vitamin –A Def.
5. Single exposure Common source.