Data Encryption
Presented By:
Md. Sayeedur Rahman FCA
Data Encryption
Encryption Definition:
The action of disguising information so that it can be recovered
easily by the persons who have the key, but is highly resistant to
recovery by persons who do not have the key.
encryption is the process of transforming information (referred to
as plaintext) using an algorithm (called cipher) to make it
unreadable to anyone except those possessing special knowledge,
usually referred to as a key
Data Encryption
The encryption key may be changed from time to time
to make an intruder’s task more difficult.
Restoration of a ciphertext to cleartext is achieved by the
action of decryption using a decryption key.
Data Encryption
A message is cleartext (plaintext) is encrypted
(disguised) through the use of an encryption key to
create a Ciphertext.
Data Encryption
In symmetric (Single key):
The encryption and decryption keys are the same.
In asymmetric (two keys):
The encryption and decryption keys are different.
Comparison of Symmetrical and
Asymmetrical Cryptography
Data Encryption
Encryption Methods:
Encryption is accomplished by scrambling the bits,
characters, words, or phrases in the original message.
Scrambling involves two activities:
Transposition
Substitution
Data Encryption
Transposition:
In which the order of the bits patterns, characters, words
or phrases is rearranged.
The word “hello” can be written backwards as “OLLEH”.
Substitution:
In which new bit patterns, characters, words, or phrases
are substituted for the originals without changing their
order.
Data Encryption
Data Encryption Standard (DES):
Most widely used algorithm
Pioneered by IBM
It is symmetric cryptosystem
Developed to protect sensitive, unclassified, US
government, Computer data.
Used to provide authentication of electronic funds
transfer messages.
Why encrypt?
Protect data even in the event of a security breach
Safeguard patient information
HIPAA compliance, and
TO AVOID
Financial loss (large fines, lost patients & revenue)
Legal ramifications (regulatory or civil prosecution)
Damage to professional image (negative publicity & media
fallout)
Data Encryption
DES Algorithm:
¡ The algorithm accepts plaintext, P, and performs an
initial permutation, IP, on P producing P0, The block is
then broken into left and right halves, the Left (L0)
being the first 32 bits of P0 and the right (R0) being the
last 32 bits of P0.
¡ With L0 and R0, 16 rounds are performed until L16 and
R16 are generated.
¡ The inverse permutation, IP-1, is applied to L16R16 to
produce ciphertext C.
Data Encryption
Public Key Cryptosystem
It is an asymmetric cryptosystem.
First announced in 1976.
Offer a radically different approach to encryption.
The idea depends on the use of a pair of keys that differ
in a complementary way.
Several algorithms are proposed
RSA algorithm is considered to be highly secure.
Data Encryption
Public key encryption can achieved:
Privacy
Authentication
MEANING
A digital signature is an electronic signature that can be
used to authenticate the identity of the sender of a message
or the signer of a document, and possibly to ensure that the
original content of the message or document that has been
sent is unchanged.
Digital signatures are easily transportable, cannot be
imitated by someone else, and can be automatically time-
stamped. The ability to ensure that the original signed
message arrived means that the sender cannot easily
repudiate it later.
A digital signature can be used with any kind of
message, whether it is encrypted or not, simply so
that the receiver can be sure of the sender's identity
and that the message arrived intact. A digital
certificate contains the digital signature of the
certificate-issuing authority so that anyone can verify
that the certificate is real.
HOW IT WORKS Original
message
Hash function
receiver
Sender’s
Hash private key
Cipher
Recipient’s text(including
private key
hash digest)
Sender’s
public key
Creating a Digital Signature
128 bits Message Digest
Message or File Digital Signature
Py75c%bn&*)9|fDe^b
DFaq#xzjFr@g5=&nm Jrf843kjfgf*£$&Hdi
This is a really long f*7oUsd*&@:<CH
dFg$5knvMd’rkvegMs”
message about Bill’s… DFHSD(**
Hash Asymmetric
Function Encryption
Calculate a short private
message digest from even
a long input using a one- Signatory’s
way message digest private key
function (hash)
Verifying a Digital Signature
Digital Signature
Jrf843kjf Asymmetric Py75c%bn&*)
gf*£$&Hd decryption 9|fDe^bDFaq
if*7oUsd (e.g. RSA) #xzjFr@g5=
*&@:<CHD &nmdFg$5kn
FHSD(** vMd’rkvegMs”
Signatory’s ? == ?
public key Are They Same?
Py75c%bn&*)
Same hash function 9|fDe^bDFaq
(e.g. MD5, SHA…) #xzjFr@g5=
Everyone has &nmdFg$5kn
vMd’rkvegMs”
access to trusted
public key of the This is a
signatory really long
message
about Bill’s… Original Message
Certificate:
Ø body of data placed in a message to serve as
Proof of the sender’s authenticity.
Ø consists of encrypted information that associates
a public key with the true identity of an individual
Ø Includes the identification and electronic signature of
Certificate Authority (CA).
Ø Includes serial number and period of time when the
certificate is Valid
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Certificate Authority :
Ø trusted organization that issues certificates for
both servers and clients.
Øcreate digital certificates that
securely bind the names of users to
their public keys.
Two types of CA:
* Commercial CA
* Self-certified private CA
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THANKS