Operating System
Course code PCC-CSE-206
Category Professional Core Course
Course title Principles of Operating System
L T P Credits
Scheme and Credits Semester-4
3 0 0 3
Branches (B. Tech.) Computer Science and Engineering
Class work 25 Marks
Exam 75 Marks
Total 100 Marks
Duration of Exam 03 Hours
Note: Examiner will set nine questions in total. Question one will be compulsory. Question one
will have 6 parts of 2.5 marks each from all units and remaining eight questions of 15 marks each
to be set by taking two questions from each unit. The students have to attempt five questions in
total, first being compulsory and selecting one from each unit.
UNIT 1:
Introduction: Concept of Operating Systems, Generations of Operating systems, Types of
Operating Systems, OS Services, System Calls, Structure of an OS-Layered, Monolithic,
Microkernel Operating Systems, Concept of Virtual Machine.
Processes: Definition, Process Relationship, Different states of a Process, Process State
transitions, Process Control Block (PCB), Context switching. Thread: Definition, Various states,
Benefits of threads, Types of threads, Multithreading.
Process Scheduling: Foundation and Scheduling objectives, Types of Schedulers, Scheduling
criteria: CPU utilization, Throughput, Turnaround Time, Waiting Time, Response Time; Scheduling
algorithms: Pre-emptive and Non-pre-emptive, FCFS, SJF, SRTF, RR Scheduling
UNIT 2:
Inter-process Communication: Critical Section, Race Conditions, Mutual Exclusion, The Producer\
Consumer Problem, Semaphores, Event Counters, Monitors, Message Passing, Classical IPC
Problems: Reader’s & Writer Problem, Dinning Philosopher Problem etc.
Deadlocks: Definition, Necessary and sufficient conditions for Deadlock, Deadlock
Prevention, and Deadlock Avoidance: Banker’s algorithm, Deadlock detection and Recovery.
UNIT 3:
Memory Management: Basic concept, Logical and Physical address map, Memory
allocation: Contiguous Memory allocation – Fixed and variable partition–Internal and External
fragmentation and Compaction; Paging: Principle of operation – Page allocation – Hardware
support for paging, Protection and sharing, Disadvantages of paging.
Virtual Memory: Basics of Virtual Memory – Hardware and control structures –
Locality of reference, Page fault, Working Set, Dirty page/Dirty bit – Demand paging, Page
Replacement algorithms: Optimal, First in First Out (FIFO), Optimal Page Replacement and Least
Recently used (LRU).
UNIT 4:
I/O Hardware: I/O devices, Device controllers, Direct memory access Principles of I/O Software:
Goals of Interrupt handlers, Device drivers, Device independent I/O software, Secondary-Storage
Structure: Disk structure, Disk scheduling algorithms
File Management: Concept of File, Access methods, File types, File operation, Directory
structure, File System structure, Allocation methods (contiguous, linked, indexed), efficiency and
performance.
Disk Management: Disk structure, Disk scheduling - FCFS, SSTF, SCAN, C-SCAN, Disk reliability,
Disk formatting, Boot-block, Bad blocks. Case study on UNIX and WINDOWS Operating System.
Suggested books:
1. Operating System Concepts Essentials, 9th Edition by AviSilberschatz, Peter Galvin,
Greg Gagne, Wiley Asia Student Edition.
2. Operating Systems: Internals and Design Principles, 5th Edition, William Stallings,
Prentice Hall of India.
Suggested reference books:
1. Operating System: A Design-oriented Approach, 1st Edition by Charles Crowley, Irwin
Publishing
2. Operating Systems: A Modern Perspective, 2nd Edition by Gary J. Nutt, Addison-Wesley
3. Design of the Unix Operating Systems, 8th Edition by Maurice Bach, Prentice-Hall of
India
4. Understanding the Linux Kernel, 3rd Edition, Daniel P. Bovet, Marco Cesati, O'Reilly and
Associates