3.1 INTRODUCTION TO PROBLEM-SOLVING Computers help us solve problems but they have no intelligence or thinking power. A computer performs many tasks but exactly in the manner as instructed. However, before a problem can be tackled, we need to understand the problem and the ways to solve it. So, in order to instruct a computer correctly, the user must have clear understanding of the problem to be solved. y Irrespective of the programming language being used, the first and foremost thing while writing a program is to analyze the problem well and try to solve it in a logical manner. The process of writing a program is 3,1 Seminar pregramming called ‘Programming’. Thus, when we write a program, we need to first clearly understand the problem as well as its solution otherwise, we will end up writing incorrect or inefficient codes. When we write a program, we are writing a set of instructions to solve a problem involving data processing. These instructions must be executed by the computer to solve the problem. If the instructions are correct and given in the right sequence, then the problem will be solved properly by the computer. But if the instructions are incorrect or in the wrong sequence, then the problem will not be solved correctly or will not be solved at all. Therefore, writing correct instructions in proper sequence is extremely important. It means that before we start writing a program, the steps for solving the problem should be clear in our mind. Precise step-by-step instructions should be inputted to the computer system to solve the problem. Thus, proper and flawless execution of any task inside a computer depends on how correctly and precisely we define the problem (problem statement), design a solution (algorithm) and implement the solution (program) using a programming language, Therefore, problem-solving, is the process of identifying a problem, developing an algorithm for the identified problem and finally implementing the algorithm to develop a computer Program. @ scanned with OKEN Scanner‘PROBLEM-SOLVING ‘or ealeulatin eating marksheet 8 daylife, such a5 sin our day-t her of probe mn-solving mechanism. i determining the cause of the problem. It jem and determin ober require prpper P and al problems req ee ee galtermaties fora solution and implementing Jc of defining 2 Problemesolving the ac of defini also involves identifying prioritizing and the slution, ig. 32: Concept of Poblem Song ‘Wen problems ae straightforward and ess, we can nd solutions witout df a Complex problem reaues a stent aproch to iding the it oon In REE War ‘we have to aply problem-solving techniques Problem-solvng starts with dearly defining the problem and concludes with aflly operational slution inthe frm ofa program or sot ‘The ey steps required for solving problem usinga computer are shown n Fig 2.3 and discussed inthe following subsections Fig. 3.3: Sep for Problem Solving 3.2.4 Analyzing @ Problem {tls important to clearly understand a problem before we begin to find a sotution to, Stenot clear about what isto be solved, we may end up developing a program which Tore Tener ead and analyze the problem statement carefully to ‘components ofthe problem and decide the _ have: Byanalyzing a problem, we would be able tof _8etept and the outputs that it should produce, the core functionalities that our solution should igure out the inputs that our program should tein ud tn Pun ‘Computer Selene wh thot! pnt before writing program code fora given problem. The set of Mracsented in natural language is called an algorithm. We ean imagine ‘well-written recipe for a dish with cleanly defined steps which, if followed, h, We start with a tentative solution plan and keep on refining the otureall apes ofthe desired ston for ven poems aoe algorithm posible and we hae ste the not alec eto convert the algorithm Ino a format which can be erate the desired solution. Different high-level programming, Hf program. It is equally important to record details of the [document the solution. This is helpful when revisiting the ereated should be tested on various parameters. The program should meet the user. must respond within the expected time. It should generat the covest all possible inputs. in the presence of syntactical errors, no output wil be obtained, ‘output generated is incorrect, then the program shouldbe checked for logieal errors, oftware industry follows standardized testing methods like unit or component testing, Eyration testing, systom testing and acceptance testing while developing complex applications Mls 1s to ensure that the software meets all the business and technical requtements and orks as expected. The errors or defects found in testing phase are debugged or rectified and the program Is again tested. This continues til all the errors are removed from the program Once the software application has been developed, tested and delivered to the user problems «an still emerge, eq, functioning problems. These need to be resolved fram time to time, The Imaintenance ofthe solution, thus, involves fixing the problems faced by the use, answering the Aueries of the user and even serving the request for adation or modification of features ‘The given problem-solving stages help in developing computational thinking and, in tur, offer proper, accurate and complete solution ta a given probletn, 3.3 ALGORITHM, 4m our day-to-day life, we perform activites by following a certain sequence of steps. Examples of activities include getting ready for school, making breakfast, riding a bicycle, wearing ati, solving a puzzle and so on, To complete each activity, we follow a sequence of steps. ‘Suppose the following steps are required for the activity of ‘riding aca’ 1. Siti the driver's seat. Put key in the ignition and star the car Press the clutch and put gear in the correct position, Move the car out ofthe garage. ‘Accelerate and start driving, Use brakes whenever needed. Stop on reaching the destination, e—a ® scanned with OKEN Scanner‘the sum and arcane 8 ne vet coer Be wot ‘¢, from the user en ie uber 8" ser Pereira Spe crane mtr eS Sere Co eae ere Ma Sep: So and sep? El = iar hat etc alow 35 er reared agen ded it Serine sunt of me lr has 2 defi | Sos mtr ts sum =a+b+e sum /3 sence of tps to accomplish a taSk. Such a fn seth an algrti eeads to ex es ‘beginning and a definite en, pom trs peg fia 6 wr th comput ser woes empress sores ena tps tomtom sed step o programming, Once we have an alo Compute program forgiving instructions to thc) (nacfz deve! lnnuae the alors core, computer wil run the program correct) chesney eae S082 orth so increase reliability, aeuraey an effi at soe he lem anda al Ces phases—develping ofan 38 ely ener nce Ft no code. The later usualy ka oi Te already present—it is ust a matter of Peamiming language are adhered a tang estes wet Pin istles ofa good algorithm eise (Well-defined inputs and Outputs): The steps are predic ique (Clear and Unambiguous): the inputs and the result ofthe p nite: tate Results ofeach step are well-define receding steps ‘The algorithm always stops after a finite number of steps 3pUS: The algorithm receives some inputs, ‘Outputs: The algorithm produces some outputs. feasible: The algorithm should be; id coding specifications. Practically feasible tobe implemented intermsofdesiening gorithm s independent of ny programming language an platiors should define the prerequisite specifications for programming to solvea given task, Wal-aeines] independent Inputs an Characteristics Wal-dtned| ofan Algorithm Outputs = "Gear ns lvsambiguous ‘While writing an algorithm, itis required to clearly identify the following: 1, The input to be taken from the user. 2. Processing oF computation to be performed to get the desired result 3. The output desired by the user 9.4 REPRESENTATION OF ALGORITHMS Software programmers apply their algorithmic thinking skills to examine the problem and determine the logical sequence of steps required to obtain a solution. After identifying the steps, itis necessary to write down these steps along with the required input and desired output. There are two common methods of representing an algorithm-—flowchart and pseudocode. 3.4.1 Flowcharts—Visual Representation of an Algorithm, Flowehart is the pictorial —— Fepresentation of an algorithm, It is t defined a a visual representation of the sequence of steps and decisions needed to perform a process/task. A | __} Aowehart is used to represent how 8 program works. In other words, a flowchart depicts the ‘low’ of @ program, Le, the breakdown of a task into separate steps, as shown fn Fig. 34. 1 shows all the steps of process. Being a visual, it helps in ‘understanding the logic of a task quickly. ® scanned with OKEN ScannerCO — managing @ Process or ‘ode. When translated this problem, we will ask the user to enter Jeumenting OF tesigning, 40 ec aed im analyzing, designing SOT Tarts of the 35,4, b,c, respe three values, which get stored in three ‘hs, owls Oe chat eps Pee oe program I varan ect We wil then calulate the average ofthe threesarsles ad seve program. speci Dats age, a owehart res Sine nally we wil ri the value sored in the variate aoe Fa 3 FR beso draw towers: Some of ls see another example to create a flowchart onchart ‘Tere are conmontysea Simba Shi oe ed Net Ltd. plans to give a 7% year-end bonus to ea ane ae Spe five a 7% year-end bonus to each of ts employees earning & 20,000 or ae maining employees. Create a flowchart for = vows, cated Connectors stow connection between dere caleulating the bonus for an employee. erecta parts ofthe code, = ine. ms pectngles show proce aa aniloyams sow puts and OU cjanans saw # decnicondlon (5 Na SEBS H irate wes i. re eps th ngen flow aos mul chs ape. o Sonumaor Sy Note You my use onlin diagram sofware drawio fr making flowcharts onlin. Hove to Make aFlowehart Fovechar mates a complicated processor task easier to understand. Thus, knowing how to as ee 3.4.2 Peeudocode Step 3: Add shapes and symbols, ‘Step 4: Connect your shapes wit lines and arrows Pseudocode is another way of representing an algorithm. It is used to express our logic, ‘Step 5: Spit paths or add decisions. Independent of any programming language. As the name suggests tis not areal coder iti an ‘Step 6: Customize the appearance of your flowchart {informal approach in English-like language about how to solve a problem. ‘Step 7: Dowload or share your flowchart. There are no rules associated with writing a pseudocode, It could be alist of instructions In Englishclike language or in any programming language. Using it, we can easily break down a Let us understand flowchart through afew examples, nh afew examples bigger problem into smaller modules or sub-parts, which gives us better clarity about how Example 1: to solve a particular program or a process. This can be explained using a real-life example of Draw a flowchart to find the average of three numbers, ‘making a phone call from a smartphone. Another example is sending an astronaut to the moon Ans, for navigation as shown in Fig, 35. D— $$ sen no tape Leite Oran apron ein les [easter 73} sea etn for processing Daw a paralelogram odie output ‘Sening an Astronaut he Moon ar uno hone eee 20pm A Erdem by using ol shape fig.25: amples of Preutocde ° eeepc ee ein Sad wn Camper See wit 70" e—a. ® scanned with OKEN Scannercet your code: ‘As is evident 3 the average of marks. aan ses of 10 students and displays sea pose tos set 027 Sex marks oun ens comter1 Then ea os a urine fa te yg lb 10 Display the average de that reads mat es than or equal £0 10 Example 4 Wiritea pseudocode this name with “Hel = ane = Anpue (TMB Y= YOU name? pats print ("HeLLO™ + name) ‘ouput "Hl wsermame” formal way afwiting programming code In English, There ae 0 “Ei reudocode is snple andi standard rules to wie Pseudocode 3.5 DECOMPOSITION Decomposition I the process of breaking dow casily manageable pats. These smaller problems are solved one after the o ‘complex problem is solved m a complex problem or system into smalles ther until the big a task? | [asks Fig. 3.6 Decomposition Pocess Ts tage involves breaking down the problem Into smaller components so that they 7 led easily The more we can break down a problem, the easier it i to solve. Some real-life examples of the decomposition process are: 1. When we taste an unfamiliar dish and identi eat deceposng tat cs its nda geen ae _ ual ingredients, — : hen we give someone decompose a numb PaSrI04610%3¢10%~7 10 4. P40 6. 2a 8 repeat for By noting down the steps to solve a problem, we can often recognize patterns, And by atterns. And by giving a istof steps, we are one step closer to creating an algorithm, 3.6 PYTHON PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE | > When we encounter the word Python, it reminds us ofthe flexible reptile. However, the programming language has been coined ‘Python’ because just. as the reptile has a flexible body, the language too is easy, simple and Highly exe ®. pyt ae by alg wen asus In 299 fe the Navona Research instte [i Mathematics and Computer Scene the Netherlands. is present owned by Python Software Foundation (OP) Python is based on the ABC language teaching lnguage crete replace. Gude an an ‘he programming language BAS which was developed eal python sa general-purpose programming language hat can be wed ffectvly to bul any nd TEvtonram that doe not rule direc aces to the computer hardware Python is an open-source, object-oriented, high-level programming language. It was “CaM: Python is based on the ABC Tonguage and the name was inspired from the famous BBC comedy show Monty Python’ Fing Ges. YouTube, Netfix, Spotify, Dropbox, Instagram, et. ng, GUL programming, Internet scripting/web, ‘commercial robots and in space and scientific Python is used by Google search engine, It is being widely used for system programmin ‘gaming, text processing, network programming, applications. ceo hpe —$——— © ® scanned with OKEN Scanner“4 HigherProductivity:sincoPy it offers higher productivity Inoother words, you write thon fsasimplelanguagewith small codesandextensive libraries; 'y to programmers as compared to languages lke C++ and Java tess and get more done 55, Less Learning Time: Because of sin and learn Python programming, J) 6 GUL Programing: Python uppors Ut appleatonsthat canbe eaten pred to may system calls, braries and Windows systems such as Windows MFC (Microsoft Foundation | etl Pi Class Library), Macintosh and the X Window system of Uni | ] on 8 8.6.3 Limitations of Python | | od ag fe at | | | | It has become ye syntaes meres eqn ih si hy sug Fetes reed " peace sss eat ed Le pon 20 poplar bees ple and short codes, es time i required to understand ‘of Libraries: It provides large standard libraries to solve a task. 8, Syntax Highlighting: I allows distinguishing between input, output and error messages by different color codes. programming languages, i has the following limitations 4. Speed: Python is slower than Cor C++. However Python sa high-level language, unlike Cor C44; itis not closer to hardware, Fig. 34sec Features of Python 2. Mobile Development: Fyton Is nota very god language for mabe development so ieee Tica Ins seen as wealelangunge or mobil computing This the reason my vey ew nbs | 1 btn upc enc epee ad we need n0t comple he pags applications ae bull ni | before evctng I 3, Memory Consumption: Python s nota god choice for memoryintensive ass Due tothe 2 ties drumbalygpelsbjecorned programming language with few hey Realy ofthe data pen Phons memory consumpion los hgh | atl ray a ee te arenes tac SReTEELS Ei stare acean Pinon bane wh dtm tre: a cna pp 3. Itis 2 free, open-source and portable language having a large repository of libraries. technologies like JDBC (Java Database Connectivity) and ODBC (Open Database Connectivity), Python's database access layer Is found to be a bit underdeveloped and primitive, It cannot be applied in the enterprises that need smooth interaction of complex legacy data, 5. Runtime Errors: Python programmers have clted several issues with the design of the language. Because the language is dynamically typed, it requires more testing and has errors that only show up at run-time. i 4, [takes ess time to develop Python programs as programs in Python are typlcally 3-5 i \ shorter than equivalent programs written using ther object-oriented languages. Tiss | because ofits builtin ighdevel datatype and its dynamic typing, | 5. Mis excensible/extendabl and highly ‘ypes of variables or arguments cient as theres no wastage of time in declan \ ‘ feprrs lapses and ug colecton (better memory manag 3.7 INSTALLING PYTHON 2 iis easly compatible with other languages lik C, C++, Core ji : « Honan ea oe Ever since the development of Python language, ft has been gradually becoming popular among | |] tecture wes : = We shall be working on Python 3.6.5; however, any 3x version can be used to implement Python programming concepts. Before we start working, Python needs to be installed on our system, To install Python, we must first download the Installation package ofthe required version from the following lnk sea ‘nps//[Link]/downlonds/ ‘ndersan eve oncise and Engish-ike instructo®® Programming background. nd 8" OY Bon programmen ee es round, Sor people with no sub 4. Object oriented Pro People wi For instalation deal, sean ‘typed obj Framining Langua the given QR code, Be: Its an inte ic guage tECtve, interpreted andl dyn” . i eh sre ih ten e Conputer sinew —@ ietrletted programming © scanned with OKEN Scannered Installer | — — | [Easter rts serie Pon _ a gython IDLE comprises two working nodes {Gerint mode) ; eter and Prete python IDLE, Fon ee rs yon as Tis thon PCat thon Shell (Interactive mode) and Python Editor IDLE) erlopment Ue program that allowes the SET toe, ace python Shell sin diferent ways. IEcan be cand pawerfl ile exploring its Interface, ode or sat sively, we ca . voc aeacively wes run Pyto rhe IDLE IDLE sas Pon, The mes importa Fan browse and debug Python P To write and sexing ons eon onthe deskzop oF men IED the ; 2.8.1 Python Sell When we fist start Python IDLE ‘START menu > Apps BY name the shel Python Eaton < ‘on opening, Python Shell shows a welcome message displaying its version and a copyright notice, After this, the command prompt (>>>) followed by a blinking cursor gets displayed, ‘which indicates that IDLE is now ready to take Python commands from the user (Fig, 39a) irype "eopysight", "eredite or "Licensa()* for nore information >>> | stare typing here fpython 3.6.5 (v3.€,5:f88c0992b4, Mar 28 2018, 16107146) (MSC v.15) Welcome | [Resa Fite) (aren we open Pinna trac, thon set wh prompt >>) [sos crpiyed rte ert ee recy nono a ae Fg. 39Ia: teracve Python Shel Learning Tip: Python shel deplyg” >> "prompt to inet that ie waite for 9 ter command tobe enced This fs Python Shell, which is part of Python's Integrated Development Environment. The thee ‘greater than’ signs (>>>) are called the prompt or Python command prompt 3.8.2 Command Line interaction ‘When commands are entered directly in IDLE from the keyboard, the Interpreter/IDLE is said Fig, 3.8 Sartng Python Shot to be in interactive mode, In interactive mod, type the command "Hello World” in front of the Python Shel san interactive the same windows tie ae acer Ne We can type the Python code and see the output! _-PFOMPE(S>>) and press Enter to se what happens. terface between Python commands and the OS. ¢———§—____ Computer Science with Prt 7 Biting started wan Pyton a a © scanned with OKEN Scanneree ace mode, as snow in FE 3900) i com Jo neract fist sand in Pt We begin with 08 jon practical lmpementat shall ts executed Immediately ang rho Tig br Orpayng Massae Fs nt Ig ns statemer press Eater key after ping the fi [Assoon as we press the output is displayed Alternatively this can be done ws 3910). ini print( fanetion, a5 show ie tne) a oe ee tesco to soya Mul Mesage sg pnt fection in Fython Shell In the above case, we have glven two print) statements for displaying two diferent messi upon presing Enter key print) method Wecan ge commands tthe pinay prompt ad se immedi ets, print 8 fans ‘eh dod spetied coten/resiton the see. The conten (cae argu ts specited within he parentheses. Without any arguments, prnt() function simply jm?> the next ine Python sa case-sensitive language. Ths means that Python differentiates between the UPD adloercase leer, Fr example, Print (P uppercase) and prit(p lowercase) are to ae things for Python. While print abun method in Python, Prints just aword and not 2 command, Tis canbe absered by typing the command Pin ("elo World"). Tecaiesrnypectecomantcne eae ae = ——— tating sea wt ton AMnot beable to interpret it and will show an error as shown in Fig. 3.9 ¥ ig. 3.90: Eror on Typing Print instead of print) We must remember that while using print() command, the message or the argument to be Aisplayed shouldbe placed within quotation marks (single ' * or double") the argument ie then displayed as itis, If the argument is not placed within quotation marks, then the interpreter tiesto evaluate the argument and displays the result: This feature Is used to perform calculations. If we give an arithmetic expression as an argument, the interpreter shows it valu. Ths is shown in ig 39(e) Practical implementation-2 Using IDLE asa Calculator like text/string messages we have given so far, we can also perform ‘mathematical calculations using Python command prompt. Fig 3 9(¢: Evaluating Athmetc Expressions In the given statements, we have performed mathematical calculations using prin() statement as well as by directly typing the command without the use of print() command. In either of the cases, these statements are immediately executed by Python interpreter and the output is Aisplayed within a fraction ofa second. {CIM To repent a command in IDLE, press A+ Pto save line and ypina eon Note: print() function will convert the argument or message Into string before writing to the Consecutive arguments are separated by commas in print) function. When print() Is executed, the values of consecutive arguments are separated by a space between them. We can say that ‘pace Is the default separator of values in the output. We can specify a custom separator for Printed values using the sep argument in the print) function. (Fig, 3.9(8), ® scanned with OKEN Scanneree. ) abl Fin Sho epet enor 4 Bon Shel Window (as shown in Fig. 39a) comprises menus (Fle, Edit etc) and a Python tot atten oe sa ono >» whee yuan ype reer serene ees ae sya aes Gul erento compron wo athr inte way hat halls ee ee et eee se ta tne standard output device SSA oct copy and past carer commands/statements en to modly the inse st value, def jects OF si ‘ont vie oo saute atribute Python Shell window has the following menu items— {Speer rete or stewmnte to ono Fig. 3.10; Python Shell Window File menu provides different o Browser, Path Browser, Save, Save As, Save Copy As, Print Wi Edit menu allows us to eit the text we type inthe Shel by a ‘5 Undo, Redo, Select Al, Cut, Copy, Paste, Find, Replace, Shel and Debug menus are useful when creating larger programs. Shel to restart Shell or search Shell's log to trace the most recy Useful menu items (or debugging Python program line-by-tine execution ofthe entered Python statements Options menu allows the user to configure IDLE ace shortcut ample, changing font style of Python Shell window hig shortcut keys, etc = me et be specified afterall the values y rat then t mst be ven as follows: to spel the sparta, en an example se weuse sep argue take be printed Otherwise, the interpreter shows & 51 fee Error iows keyword axgunent, Pythons print) function comes witha parameter/angument called ‘end’ By default, the value Window menu allows the user to rear i ih parameter y default, the value sprint fanetion sment with any characte Help option provides Python help and a «new Tine character We can end a print statement with any charac "thon ely this parameter Is" Le, new eee tise eaten after the last argunnt tow (we he ctw pine to spate he anumens and ed after the Lv me | 7 For eal, pete loving sateen ang ‘ed! parameter 150, 20,30, sep = 80) locumentation, 19 In Script Mode) >>> print "cow", teat", ‘dog, sep=",', end and press Ener key ‘mode in which we can save the commands we Python Shell will execute It and display the output, 2s shown in Fig. 3.9(g): ‘Step 4: Creating Script/Program Fite file menu provides various options to create a new oe the current module/session, os) ere le open an existing file, o Fig. 3.919: Use of tnd parameter with, print) ee ha *———___ Computer Sxence mt? estes EE © scan File, Edit, Shell, Debug, Options, Windows and Help. ™ © commands, along with their output, fon can be overcome by working tions such as New File, Open, Open Module, Recent Files, Module indow, Close Window and Exit {DLE. ipplying various editing options such I menu allows us nt reset. Debug menu provides in order to trace errors while checking for ording to the suitability and working lighting code color, ge windows and select the active window. get cleared i in Python Seript pen a module, save 'w File option (Fig. 3.11(a)), a new window which is a simple and standard € ofits opening, this file window °—_—a- ned with OKEN ScannerEner are ah which youhavetosoe hee oe org with he eensen oy ig. 3.110 Saving file wih py Exenson en ie forget 9 gy o py extension wie saving th sion wile sving he Mle for the rt ine, ton ‘editor automatically gives the extension along with the file name. di ‘Step 3: Running Script/Program File ‘To execute a Python Srp le, we have to choose Ran Module opin rm Ran enor press the function key F5 (Fig. 3.11(e)). 5 More about Script Mode ‘While working inthe script mode, when we enter the statements to be executed and ch 5 sments to be executed and press Enter key, we won't automatically see the results the way we would seein the Interactive ‘mod. To see output from a script mode, we have to run this script and/or invoke pe Te pt and/or invoke print() Fig. 3:11 Type the Commands in New Bank le Seri Moe) ‘Step 2: The next step isto save this ile by clicking on File menu -» Save As option, followed by Sse os ‘yplng a proper name fori in lew ofthe default name ‘Untied: eaves Se mas ig. 3.11 Running the Fle etc iyeten script ms") eters is strostageous ewer antersceiv9 note etre saves the seatecens Cypee lng this made") Fig. 3.11: Output athe Program dplyed ade Prihon Shell e—a— ® scanned with OKEN Scanner * anton sae wn yen re sce vin 90¥.. and all outpot lines are | ofthe ourput obtained. tence, member, evenfwe enter Python shell Aso, ll commands are given to 3.9 EXITING PYTHON 1m order to ext the Python command prompt, ‘quit() oF exit() built-in function and press Enter key. ext or quit) doesnot wrk then aeratively you cn type the following commands: mode te output shall be espayeg, in statment insert o ee wether inthe form of a module/progran gen” mderadng Sa dary mye opeter wah fers beter ond = spayed wets ppbeveen command and outtake le ees Cris shortcut key combination opty, ee) ‘Algor refers tothe reo alow tose a problem ‘An algorithm i defied 2 3 step-by-step procdur desgned to perform an operation which et 510:he deg ‘Algortims have defi begining a definite end and a tte numberof tps ‘00d algorithm, which specie uniue and ire receves input nd produces an output Aflowchar isa typeof agram tha represents the aborthm raphislly sng Boxes of aris Hod, nan aie, onnectoa by aos ‘An slot where exch step is xeited one fe the thei sd to be enceuted in a sequence, Dedsionmatng moles election of ne ofthe aerate bated on outcome of contin, ‘There can be mre than one approach to soles protien. Hence, we an have more than one seo fs partulapotiem. The hee of algorithm should be made onthe bs of tne and space comple. ‘complete set ofistuctions witen wing programming nage tered asa Progran/CodeProgran Cole yon 2 powerful and exible programming anguage it wes con nd easytolear syntax which ns rogrammers to write more codes ana develop mare corlex pops ines Ue, Pythons 3 platform independent programing lngueee. Frthon interpreter executes one statement (command) sane, Friton roids two ferent ways to werk lth—Interactie mode and Sct mode Interactive mode doesnt ste command ‘1s diloyed as soon awe pres Et + Inthe form of program andthe output placed between con le key after typing ane or more commands Interactive mode is site for testing code. Prion sa caresenstive language Tha, Pitan Pon san interpreted anvage thon’ ntractve interpreter i as called ython Shel Protrams writen in Python ae easy eadsble and understandable, peste tt sree nn Serst made stl for resting programs and then running se mike Pit aretwo diferent etfs in Python. them ater and getting complete utp ‘ =, ‘Computer Scienos wih Fs sete td ty whch iets eed Prthon was develope ‘as rut, : he lote 1980 a Prozramming one (0 tm Python = oy alt 3 Emer keys pressed, Me iMterpreter (© dea, enon ‘The statement prin fering by Gide van 6, Fost a0. vbr function ky suse 0 0 On execution (8 t= 10) walverunie ‘ure top dc the statement print a EINE ("Wozkingesmuaencese ee (8 Tre parameter. ie) np oF int eon ed get (0. Error ina program is termed a State whether the followin (9) Ging comment (©) without any argument, i hese (8 thon ues completo (2) Thesatement nny = ©) testonet rine ” 0 o 510 the net ne, sedtoodtthefleinwe nd ‘ent parameters canbe wed to 1 ne ra do change the way in which the corns of pint meted (8) 8 detou, prin) mato ends ths new ie () When we 52 operatar athe sen we: ‘eptrator among te vals, the values at dled wth a pce 3 Mute Chlee Quetions (cas (9) Which symbol ee ory (0 cre (i) Rectangle (i) oismene lw) Pralogram Present procesenginfowehas? e—a- A reeemmee CSI ® scanned with OKEN Scanner