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Solved Complex Problems

The document contains a series of mathematical problems and solutions related to complex functions, integrals, matrices, and systems of equations. It includes finding values for constants in analytic functions, evaluating integrals along specific paths, and determining eigenvalues and eigenvectors of matrices. Additionally, it discusses the Cayley-Hamilton theorem and provides methods for solving linear systems.
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
3 views8 pages

Solved Complex Problems

The document contains a series of mathematical problems and solutions related to complex functions, integrals, matrices, and systems of equations. It includes finding values for constants in analytic functions, evaluating integrals along specific paths, and determining eigenvalues and eigenvectors of matrices. Additionally, it discusses the Cayley-Hamilton theorem and provides methods for solving linear systems.
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Answer the following Questions:

Question (1)
(a) Find the value of C1 and C2 such that the function
. f (z ) is analytic. Also find f (z ) = x 2 + C1y 2 − 2xy + i (C 2 x 2 − y 2 + 2xy )

( 2 ,4 )

(b) Evaluate 
( 0,3 )
[(2y + x 2 )dx + (3x − y )dy ] along the parabola x = 2t , y = t 2 + 3

Question (2) 6 Marks


(a) Describe geometrically and obtain a Cartesian equation for the locus of z
given by z − 3 − z + 3 = 4 .
1
(b) Find the map of the circle z − i = 1 under the mapping w = into the w-
z
plane.
1 1
w=  z= w = u + iv
z w
1 u − iv
z = *
u + iv u − iv
u v
z = 2 − 2 i
u + v2 u + v2
u v
x + iy = 2 − 2 i
u + v2 u + v2
u v
x = 2 , y= − 2
u + v2 u + v2
now z −i =1  x + i ( y − 1) = 1
x 2 + ( y − 1) 2 = 1  x 2 + ( y − 1) 2 = 1
u2 v2 2v
x2 + y 2 = 2 y  + =− 2
(u 2 + v 2 ) 2 (u 2 + v 2 ) 2 u + v2
u 2 + v2 2v (u 2 + v 2 ) 2
=− 2  = −2v
(u 2 + v 2 ) 2 u + v2 (u 2 + v 2 ) 2
−1
−2v = 1  v=
2
−1
the map of the circle z − i = 1 is horizontal straight line v = in the w - plane
2

Question (3) 4 Marks

(a) Find the infinite Maclaurin’s series expansion and radius of convergence of
z
the expression f ( z ) =
(1- 3 z ) 2

(1-3z) -2 = 1+2 (3z)+3 (3z) 2 +4 (3z) 3 +.....+(n+1) 3n z n +...


and also
z (1-3z) -2 = z+2 (3z 2 )+3 (3) 2 z 3 +4 (3) 3 z 4 +.....+(n+1) 3n z n+1 +...
an +1 ( z ) ( n + 2)3n +1 z n + 2 3( n + 2) z
Lim = Lim = Lim = 3z
n → an ( z ) n → ( n + 1)3n z n +1 n → ( n + 1)
if 3z  1 the the series converges
 the radius of convergence is 1/3
Question (4)

2z 2 + z + 5 x2 y2
(b) Evaluate c (z − 3)2 dz where, C is the ellipse
9
+
4
=1

(b) Evaluate each of the following integrals:


2 
dx x2 − x + 2
(i) 
0
5 + 4 cos x
(ii)  4
−
x + 10 x 2 + 9
dx

Question (5) 5 Marks


 1 −1 2 

(a) Find the characteristic equation of A = −2 1 3  , and verify Cayley-
 
 3 2 −3 
Hamilton Theorem. Hence find the inverse of the matrix

(b) Test whether the following vectors are linearly dependent or


independent x 1 = ( 2, 2, 1) , x 2 = (1, 3, 1) and x 3 = (1, 2, 2 ) .

Sol:
Form the system as following
2 x1 + x2 + x3 = 0
2 x1 + 3 x2 + 2 x3 = 0
x1 + x2 + 2 x3 = 0
Then the corresponding matrix form is
2 1 1
A =  2 3 2 
1 1 2 
Here A = 2(4) − (2) + (−1) = 5

 A  0 and hence the system has the zero solution  the given vectors are linearly

independent
Question (6) 5 Marks

Solve the system


x + 2y − 3z = −1
2x − y + 2z = 7
5x + 3y − 4z = 2

1 2 −3 −1 1 2 −3 −1
   
(A / b ) =  2 −1 2 7  r2 − 2r1  0 −5 8 9
   
5 3 −4 2  r3 − 5r1 0 −7 11 7  r − 7 r
3 2
5

1 2 −3 −1 
 
 0 −5 8 9 
0 0 −1/5 −28 /5 

then r[A]=3 , r  A |b  =3 then r [ A ] = r  A |b  = no of varibles(x,y,z)=3

we have only one solution (unique solution)


−1
z = −28 /5  z = 28
5
z = 28
−5y + 8z = 9 = y = 43
z = 28,y = 43
x + 2y − 3z = −1 = x = −3
The solution is (-3,43,28)
(b) Write down the matrices of the following form:
2x 2 + 3y 2 + 6xy

Question (7) 8 Marks


3 1 1 
(b) Consider the following matrix A = 1 0 2 
1 2 0 

(i) Find the eigen values and the corresponding eigen vectors.
(ii) Prove that
i ) 1 + 2 + 3 = trace(A ) ii)1  2  3 = A

(iii) Diagonlize A.
(iv) Find sin A

3 1 1  1 0 0  3− 1 1
   
f ( ) = A −  I = 1 0 2  −  0 1 0  = 1 − 2 = 0
1 2 0  0 0 1  1 2 −
we use 1st column to evalute the determinant value
(3 −  )[ 2 − 4] − [−  − 2] + [2 +  ] = 0
(3 −  )[ − 2]   + 2 + [ + 2] + [2 +  ] = 0
[2 +  ][( − 2)(3 −  ) + 1 + 1] = 0
[2 +  ][−  2 + 5 − 6 + 1 + 1] = 0  [2 +  ][−  2 + 5 − 4] = 0 
[2 +  ][−  + 4][ − 1] = 0   = 1,  = −2,  = 4 (eigen values)

Make the homogenous system


3 −  1 1   x1  0 
[ A −  I ]x = 0   1 − 2   x 2  = 0 
 1 2 −    x 3  0 

Substitute for every eigen value and solve the system to get the eigen vectors

For  =1
3 −  1 1   x1  0  2 1 1   x1  0 
 1
 − 2   x 2  = 0   1 − 1 2   x  =  0 
   2  
 1 2 −    x 3  0  1 2 −1  x 3  0 
2 1 1 0 2 1 1 0 2 1 1 0
     
1 −1 2 0  2r2 − r1  0 − 3 3 0    0 −3 3 0 
   0  r + r2 0 0 0 0 
1 2 −1 0  2r3 − r1  0 3 −3  3
−3x 2 + 3x 3 = 0, let x 3 = a  x 2 = a
x 3 =a ,x 2 =a
and 2x1 + x 2 + x 3 = 0 === x1 = −a
 x1   −a   −1  −1
 x  =  a  = a  1   then v =  1 
 2     1  
 x 3   a   1   1 

For  = −2
3 −  1 1   x1  0  5 1 1   x1  0 
 1
 − 2   x 2  = 0   1 2 2  x  =  0 
   2  
 1 2 −    x 3  0  1 2 2  x 3  0 
5 1 1 0 5 1 1 0 
   
1 2 2 0  5r2 − r1 0 9 9 0 
   0 0 0 0 
1 2 2 0  r3 − r2
9x 2 + 9x 3 = 0 let x 3 =a  x 2 =-a
x 3 =a,x 2 =-a
and 5x1 + x 2 + x 3 = 0 ===== x1 = 0
 x1   0  0 0
 x  =  −a  = a  −1  then v =  −1
 2     2  
 x 3   a   1   1 

For =4
3 −  1 1   x1  0   −1 1 1   x1  0 
 1
 − 2   x 2  = 0    1 −4 2   x  =  0 
   2  
 1 2 −    x 3  0   1 2 −4  x 3  0 
−1 1 1 0  −1 1 1 0  −1 1 1 0 
     
1 −4 2 0  r2 + r1  0 −3 3 0    0 −3 3 0 
   0  r + r2  0 0 0 0 
1 2 −4 0  r3 + r1  0 3 −3  3
− 3x 2 + 3x 3 = 0  let x 2 = a  x3 = a
x 2 =a ,x 3 =a
and - x1 + x 2 + x 3 = 0 ===== x1 = 2a
 x1  2a   2  2
let x1 = a  x 3 = a   x 2  =  a  = a 1   then v 3 = 1
 x 3   a  1 1

 −1 0 2
construct Matrix P P =  1 −1 1 
 1 1 1 

Find P -1 using adjoint matrix method


−1 0 2
−1 1 1 −1
P = 1 −1 1 = −1 +0+2 = 2+ 4= 6
1 1 1 1
1 1 1
 + ( −2 ) − ( 0 ) + ( 2) 
 
C =  − ( −2) + ( −3 ) − ( −1) 
 + ( 2) − ( −3 ) + (1) 

T
 −2 0 2  −2 2 2   −2 2 2 
adj (P ) 1 
adj (P ) = C T =  2 −3 1  =  0 −3 3  P −1 = =  0 −3 3
P 6
 2 3 1   2 1 1   2 1 1 

Construct diagonal matrix

 − 2 2 2    3 1 1   −1 0 2  
1  
−1
D = P AP = P −1
( AP ) =  0 −3 3  1 0 2  1 −1 1 
6
 2 1 1   1 2 0   1 1 1 
 −2 2 2    −1 0 8  
1  
=  0 −3 3   1 2 4 
6
 2 1 1    1 −2 4 
6 0 0  1 0 0   1 0 0
1  
= 0 −12 0  = 0 −2 0  =  0 2 0
6
0 0 24 0 0 4  0 0 3 

 −8 4 1 
1
(b) prove that the matrix 1 4 −8  is orthogonal
9 
 4 7 4 

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