CHAPTER FOUR

OF SLAB ANALYSIS AND DESIGN

3.1 Introduction
Slabs are plate elements forming floors & roofs in buildings which normally carry uniformly
distributed loads. Slabs may be simply supported or continuous over one or more supports and
are classified according to the method of support as follows.

One-way slabs transmit their load in one direction while two-way slabs transmit their load in two
directions. These types of slabs are composed of rectangular panels supported at all four edges
by walls or beams stiff enough to be treated as unyielding.

We have three floors that are going to be analyses and design. Those slabs are 1st, 2st and roof
slab are designed using coefficient method of analysis for slabs.

Spanning one-way b/n beams or walls,

Spanning two-way b/n the support beams or walls and

Flat slabs carried on columns and edge beams or walls or with no interior beams. There are two
types of slabs based on the load transferring mechanisms.

One Way

Two Way Slabs.

One-way slabs transmit their load in one direction while two-way slabs resist applied load in two
directions. Mathematically,

Ly/Lx >2 One Way Slab

Ly/Lx <2 Two Way Slab Where: Lx- shorter side

Ly- longer side

These types of slabs are composed of rectangular panels supported at all four edges by walls or
beams stiff enough to be treated as unyielding. In this project paper most of the slabs are two
way and need to be analyzed based on the principle of two-way actions.
Slabs with side ratio less than two are treated as two-way slabs and analysis can be made

3.2 CLASSIFICATION OF SLAB

 Solid slab
 Pre casted slab
 Ribbed slab
 Flat slab
Solid slab

These types of slabs are provided on the circulation core, which is estimated to be exposed to
high live load. The reinforcements at the bottom cover all the area to form a mesh. Whereas the
top (negative)

Reinforcement length used for continuous and end edge of the slab are not the same. For
continuous slabs, one-third of the span length and for that of end edge slabs the bottom
bars bent up and measured one-fourth of the span.

In our project, we have only solid slab.

3.3 Slab analysis and Design

Step 1: - Panel Layout

This refers sketching the position plan from the given Architectural drawing. This helps us
to know the location of columns, beams, No of panels and their support condition.
Step 2: - Check for the type of slab

We have sample calculation for S-2

FOR SAMPLE SLAB

LYOUT
Figure 1 : Slab Sample
  Ly=5.2  Interior
 Lx=3  K=1.5
 Ratio=Ly/Lx  Cf=30
5.2/3=1.73

Since Ly/Lx < 2 its two-way slab

Step 3: - Check for d as per deflection requirement

 d=Lx/K*Cf
3*1000/1.3*30=76.67

3.4 Depth Computation

Ly/ Slab Support effective
Panel Ly Lx Lx Type Condition K C.F depth
Type= 1
1 Two
5.2 3 1.73 Interior 1.5 30 66.67
1 s-1 1 Way
1
Type= 1
1 Two
5.7 3 1.90 Interior 1.5 30 66.67
1 s-2 1 Way
1
Type= 1
1 Two
5.7 5.05 1.13 Interior 1.5 30 112.22
1 S-3 1 Way
1
Type= 1
1 Two
5.2 5.05 1.03 Interior 1.5 30 112.22
1 S-4 1 Way
1
Type= 1
1 Two
5.2 5 1.04 Interior 1.5 30 111.11
1 S-5 1 Way
1
Type= 1
1 Two
5.7 5 1.14 Interior 1.5 30 111.11
1 S-6 1 Way
1
 Type= 1
1 Two
5.7 5 1.14 Interior 1.5 30 111.11
1 S-7 1 Way
1
Type= 1
1 Two
5.2 5 1.04 Interior 1.5 30 111.11
1 S-8 1 Way
1
Type= 1 Two
5.2 5 1.04 Interior 1.5 30 111.11
1 Way
1 S-9 1
1

Type= C
0 Catileve
1.5 1.2 1.25 End 0.4 14 214.29
C 1 r
1
Type= C
0 Catileve
5.2 1.2 4.33 End 0.4 14 214.29
C 1 r
0
Type= C
0 Catileve
5.2 1.2 4.33 End 0.4 14 214.29
C 1 r
1
Type= C
0 Catileve
5.7 1.2 4.75 End 0.4 14 214.29
C 1 r
1
Type= C
0 Catileve
1.5 1.2 1.25 End 0.4 14 214.29
C 0 r
1
Type= C
1 Catileve
3 1.5 2.00 End 0.4 14 267.86
C 0 r
1
Type= C
5.0 Catileve
1 1.5 3.37 End 0.4 14 267.86
5 r
C 0
 1
Type= C
1 Catileve
5 1.5 3.33 End 0.4 14 267.86
C 0 r
1
Type= C
1 Catileve
5 1.5 3.33 End 0.4 14 267.86
C 0 r
1
Type= C
1 Catileve
1.5 1.03 1.46 End 0.4 14 183.93
C 0 r
0
Type= C
1 Catileve
5.7 1.03 5.53 End 0.4 14 183.93
C 1 r
0
Type= C
1 5.3 Catileve
1.5 3.55 End 0.4 14 267.86
C 1 3 r
0
Type= C
1 Catileve
5.2 1.5 3.47 End 0.4 14 267.86
C 1 r
0
Type= C
1 Catileve
1.5 1.5 1.00 End 0.4 14 267.86
C 1 r
0
Type= C
1 Catileve
5 1.5 3.33 End 0.4 14 267.86
C 1 r
1
Type= C
1 Catileve
5 1.5 3.33 End 0.4 14 267.86
C 1 r
1
Type= C
5.0 Catileve
1 1.5 3.37 End 0.4 14 267.86
5 r
C 1
 1
Type= C
1 Catileve
3 1.5 2.00 End 0.4 14 267.86
C 1 r
1
Type= C
1 Catileve
2.2 1.15 1.91 End 0.4 14 205.36
C 1 r
0
Type= C
1 10. Catileve
1.5 6.73 End 0.4 14 267.86
C 0 1 r
0
Type= C
0 Catileve
2.3 1.5 1.53 End 0.4 14 267.86
C 1 r
1
Type= C
1 10. Catileve
1.5 6.73 End 0.4 14 267.86
C 1 1 r
1

oncrete cover Determination

The nominal concrete cover is the distance b/n the surface of reinforcement closest to the
nearest concrete surface = Cnom=C min + ΔCdev ESEN 1992: 2015 4.4.12(1)

Where; C min- minimum cover and

ΔC dev is allowable in design for deviation
Minimum cover, shall provide in order to ensure
Safe transmission of bond force
Corrosion reesistance/Durability

Fire resistance

Where;
C min, b -minimum cover due to bond requirement, see ES EN Art. [Link] (3).
C min, dur - minimum cover due to environmental conditions, see ES EN Art
[Link] (5)
Δ C dur, γ- additive safety element, see ES EN Art [Link] (6)
Δ C dur, st -reduction of minimum cover for use of stainless steel, see ES EN Art
[Link] (7)
ΔC dur, add -reduction of minimum cover for use of additional protection,
see ES EN Art [Link] (8)

But; the recommended value of ΔCdur, γ, ΔCdur, st, and ΔCdur, add is
zero see Art. [Link] (6, 7, and 8).

Cover design for Bond

In order to transmit bond forces safely and to ensure adequate compaction of the
concrete, the minimum cover should not be less than C min, b given in Table [Link],
2015. For separately placed bars minimum cover C min, b is equal to diameter of bar.
Assuming 10mm diameter reinforcement bar, C min, b equals to 10mm.

over for durability

The value of minimum cover required for durability of reinforcement steel is determined
using ES EN 1992:2015 table 4.4N. For structural class S3 and exposure class XC1
according to 4.1 of ES EN, C min, dur is 10mm.
 Therefoe, C min=10mm
ΔCdev (allowance in Design for Variation)
From ES EN 2015 section [Link] the recommended value is 10 mm.
Then; Cnom= Cmin+ ΔCdev
10mm+10mm=20mm

Cover Design for Fire

For the slab to sustain fire incident for 60 minutes the required cover and minimum
height of the section can be determined from Table 5.8 of EBCS, 201.

For our structure capacity of fire resistance for REI=60 minute enough then

One - way slab C fire = 20mm

Two - way slab C fire=10mm&15mm

C fire = 20mm

Max d= 267.86mm panel C-21

Use Cover=20 mm

Take  10 mm reinforcement

D=267.86+20+10/2=292.86mm

Note: The effective depth for deflection requirement is governed by the

maximum of all, which is d=D-d’ mm.

For all panel Over all depth (D) =150mm for safety against any
unforeseen and For the purpose of construction simplicity and
monolithic construction considerations, Over all depth of 150mm
is taken. d=150-20-5=125mm

 Cantilever section in the calculation part has an overall depth of [Link] is very
large compare to panel slab depth, this variation came because of in EBSC 1992-2015 k
value is smaller than other. We use for cantilever section same to slab but in check depth
we came back not ok came change the depth.

3.5 Design Load

LOAD CALCULATION

The slab is loaded with both dead load and live load. The dead load comes from the slab
self-weight, floor finish, cement screed, plastering and partition wall. The live load coms
from the function on panel so we will calculate live and dead load on each panel.

A. DEAD LOAD

20mm cement scred

20mm pvc
150 mm Thickness of RC slab
20mm ceiling plastering

Figure 2 : Slab Section

Table 1: Categories of use from EBCS EN 1991-1-1
Category Specific Use Example

Areas for domestic and Rooms in residential buildings and

houses; bedrooms and wards in
A residential activities
hospitals; bedrooms in hotels and
hostels kitchens and toilets.

B Office areas

C1: Areas with tables, etc.

 e.g. areas in schools, cafés,
restaurants, dining halls, reading
rooms, receptions.
C2: Areas with fixed seats,

Areas where people e.g. areas in churches, theatres or

may cinemas, conference rooms, lecture
halls, assembly halls, waiting rooms,
congregate (with the railway waiting rooms. C3: Areas
exception of areas without obstacles for moving people,
defined e.g. areas in museums, exhibition
C rooms, etc. and access areas in public
under category A, B, and administration buildings, hotels,
and D1)) hospitals, railway station forecourts.
C4: Areas with possible physical
activities, e.g. dance halls, gymnastic
rooms, stages. C5: Areas susceptible to
large crowds, e.g. in buildings for public
events like concert halls, sports halls
including stands, terraces and access
areas and railway platforms.

D1: Areas in general retail shops

D Shopping areas
D2: Areas in department stores

1) Attention is drawn to [Link](2), in particular for C4 and C5. See EN 1990 when dynamic
effects need to be considered. For Category E, see Table 6.3

NOTE 1 Depending on their anticipated uses, areas likely to be categorized as C2, C3, C4
may be categorized as C5 by decision of the client and/or National annex.

NOTE 2 The National annex may provide sub categories to A, B, C1 to C5, D1 and D2 NOTE 3
See 6.3.2 for storage or industrial activity

Table 2 : Imposed load on floor , balconies and stairs in building from EBC EN 1991-1-
2015
Categories of loaded areas Qk [kN/m2] Qk [kN]

Category A
 - Floors 1,5 to2,0 2,0 to 3,0

- Stairs 2,0 to4,0 2,0 to 4,0

- Balconies 2,5 to 4,0 2,0 to 3,0

Category B 2,0 to 3,0 1,5 to 4,5

Category C
2,0 to 3,0 3,0 to 4,0
- C1
3,0 to 4,0 2,5 to 7,0 (4,0)
- C2
3,0 to 5,0 4,0 to 7,0
- C3
4,5 to 5,0 3,5 to 7,0
- C4
5,0 to 7,5 3,5 to 4,5
- C5

category D
4,0 to 5,0 3,5 to 7,0 (4,0)
- D1
4,0 to 5,0 3,5 to 7,0
- D2

Table 3: Imposed load on our building

Function Live Load

Office 3

roof terrace 4

Toilet 2

Table 4 : Dead load from imposed load

unit wt. Thickness Mortar

Finishing
(kN/m3) (mm) Thick

Clay Tile 21 0.04 0.01

Marble 27 0.02 0.03

 Porcelain 23 0.01 0.04

Pvc 16 0.002 0.048

Rubber 17 0.01 0.04

Terrazzo 23 0.03 0.02

Ceramic 23 0.01 0.04

Mortar 23

Design Load
 Self-Wight
 Partition load
 Live load
 Design Load Computation for slab

dead load for panel S-2

Self-weight = D*γc
0.19*25= 4.75kN/m2
Floor finish

Cemente scred=0.02*23=0.46KN/m2
pvc =0.02*16=0.32 KN/m2

Ceiling plaster and paint = 0.02*23=0.46 KN/m2

D=5.13KN/m2

partition load = Height of wall [ (thickness of wall * length

of wall * HCB unit weight) + (length of wall * plastering thickness

* Mortar unit weight) Area of panel

but there have not partition

total dead load= 5.13KN/m2

live load For panel S-1

Panel S-1 is shop = 4 KN/m2

design load : Pd=1.35DL+1.5LL = 1.35×5.13+1.5×4

Pd=13 KN/m2
Thick Lengt Total
nes of h of Parti Floor [Link]+FF Dead Live
Partiti Partit tion Finish +Mortar+ Load Func Load Design
on ion Load Type Ceiiling GK tion Qk Load Pd
0.1 0
0.15
0.00 pvc 5.35 5.35 shop 4.00 13.22
0.2

0.1 0
0.15
0.00 pvc 5.35 5.35 shop 4.00 13.22
0.2

0.1
0.15 18.73
6.68 pvc 5.35 12.03 shop 4.00 22.24
0.2

0.1 0
0.15
0.00 pvc 5.35 5.35 shop 4.00 13.22
0.2
 0.1 0
0.15
0.00 pvc 5.35 5.35 shop 4.00 13.22
0.2

0.1
0.15 0
0.00 pvc 5.35 5.35 shop 4.00 13.22
0.2

0.1 0
0.15
0.00 pvc 5.35 5.35 shop 4.00 13.22
0.2

0.1 0
0.15
0.00 marble 5.44 5.44 shop 4.00 13.34
0.2

0.1
0.15
0.00 pvc 5.35 5.35 shop 4.00 13.22
0.2 0

0.1
0.15
17.57 pvc 5.35 22.91 shop 4.00 36.93
0.2 2.5
P= 3.2
0.1
0.15 0
11.05 pvc 5.35 16.39 shop 4.00 28.13
0.2 5.45
P= 3.2
0.1
0.15
7.68 marble 5.44 13.12 shop 4.00 23.71
0.2 3.79
P= 3.2
0.1
0.15
11.56 pvc 5.35 16.90 shop 4.00 28.82
0.2 6.25
P= 3.2
0.1
0.15
0.00 pvc 5.35 5.35 shop 4.00 13.22
0.2
P= 3.2
 0.1
0.15
0.00 pvc 5.35 5.35 shop 4.00 13.22
0.2
P= 3.2
0.1 0
0.15
0.00 pvc 5.35 5.35 shop 4.00 13.22
0.2
P= 3.2
0.1
0.15
8.57 pvc 5.35 13.91 shop 4.00 24.78
0.2 5.08
P= 3.2
0.1
0.15 2.1 balcon
11.59 pvc 5.35 16.94 2.00 25.87
0.2 5.17 y
P= 3.2
0.1
0.15
0.00 pvc 5.35 5.35 Store 5.00 14.72
0.2
P= 3.2
0.1
0.15
0.00 pvc 5.35 5.35 toilet 2.00 10.22
0.2
P= 3.2
0.1
0.15
0.00 marble 5.44 5.44 shop 4.00 13.34
0.2
P= 3.2
0.1
0.15 balcon
0.00 pvc 5.35 5.35 2.00 10.22
0.2 y
P= 3.2
0.1 0
0.15
0.00 pvc 5.35 5.35 shop 4.00 13.22
0.2
P= 3.2
0.1 0
0.15 1.5
10.70 pvc 5.35 16.05 toilet 2.00 24.67
0.2 5.13
P= 3.2
 0.1
0.15 1.53
8.84 pvc 5.35 14.19 Store 5.00 26.65
0.2 4
P= 3.2
0.1
0.15 1.6
8.68 pvc 5.35 14.03 Store 5.00 26.44
0.2 3.9
P= 3.2
0.1
0.15
11.05 pvc 5.35 16.39 shop 4.00 28.13
0.2 3.93
P= 3.2
0.1
0.15 Corrid
0.00 marble 5.44 5.44 3.00 11.84
0.2 or
P= 3.2
0.1
0.15 Corrid
0.00 marble 5.44 5.44 3.00 11.84
0.2 or
P= 3.2
0.1
0.15 Corrid
0.00 marble 5.44 5.44 3.00 11.84
0.2 or
P= 3.2
0.1
0.15 Corrid
0.00 marble 5.44 5.44 3.00 11.84
0.2 or
P= 3.2
Ms- is the design moment per unit width at the point of reference

βs - is the coefficient given

q - is design load

Lx -is the shortest span of the panel

Ly -is the longer span of the panel

 Therefore; Mxf= αxfql x 2 Mxs= αxsql
2
x

Myf= αyfql x 2 Mys= αysql

2
x

If the slab connected with an external wall or if any of its edge is partly fixed & partly
simply supported, the following procedure may be adopted:
[Link] ratio of the actual support moment to the bending moment of fully fixed slab, or the ratio
of the width of fixed to the width of the simply supported part of the edge is evaluated.
The bending moments of the slab are then computed by interpolating between different
conditions. [EBCS-2, 2015, Art 3.3. Moment distribution for each panel.

3.6 INDIVIDUAL PANE MOMENT

Sample calculation for individual pane moment, panel S1 .
The same procedure will be apply for other panels.

Ms=αs*pd* Lx2
 For panel S-1

Ly/Lx=5.2/3=1.73,

Pd=[Link]/m2

αxf=0.044, Mxf=0.044*13.5*32 = 5.2 KN-M

αxs=0.058 Mxs=0.0580*13.5*32 = 6.78KN-M

αyf=0.0.024, Myf=0.024*13.5*32 = 2.8KN-M

αys=0.0327, Mys=0.032*13.5*3 2=3.8KN-M

Initial
span Moment
s-1 1.33 nd αxf
r1= 3 = 0.00 = 0.044 Mxf= 5.20
r2 1.33 β= 0.41 αxs 0.058 Mxs= 6.75
3 =
r3= 1.33 αyf 0.024 Myf= 2.81
3 =
r4= 1.33 αys 0.032 Mys= 3.81
3 =
r1= 1.33 nd 0.00 αxf 0.046 Mxf= 5.50
3 = =
r2 1.33 β= 0.43 αxs 0.062 Mxs= 7.34
3 =
s-2
r3= 1.33 αyf 0.024 Myf= 2.85
3 =
r4= 1.33 αys 0.032 Mys= 3.81
3 =
s-3 r1= 1.33 nd 0.00 αxf 0.029 Mxf= 16.49
3 = =
r2 1.33 β= 0.27 αxs 0.039 Mxs= 21.98
3 =
 1.33 αyf
r3= 3 = 0.024 Myf= 13.61
1.33 αys
r4= 3 = 0.032 Mys= 18.15
1.33 nd αxf
r1= 3 = 0.00 = 0.025 Mxf= 8.43
1.33 αxs
r2 3 β= 0.23 = 0.033 Mxs= 11.23
s-4
1.33 αyf
r3= 3 = 0.024 Myf= 8.09
1.33 αys
r4= 3 = 0.032 Mys= 10.79
1.33 nd αxf
r1= 3 = 0.00 = 0.025 Mxf= 8.41
1.33 αxs
r2 3 β= 0.24 = 0.034 Mxs= 11.22
s-5
1.33 αyf
r3= 3 = 0.024 Myf= 7.93
1.33 αys
r4= 3 = 0.032 Mys= 10.57
1.33 nd αxf
r1= 3 = 0.00 = 0.029 Mxf= 9.74
1.33 αxs
r2 3 β= 0.28 = 0.039 Mxs= 12.99
s-6
1.33 αyf
r3= 3 = 0.024 Myf= 7.93
1.33 αys
r4= 3 = 0.032 Mys= 10.57
1.33 nd αxf
r1= 3 = 0.00 = 0.029 Mxf= 9.74
1.33 αxs
r2 3 β= 0.28 = 0.039 Mxs= 12.99
s-7
1.33 αyf
r3= 3 = 0.024 Myf= 7.93
1.33 αys
r4= 3 = 0.032 Mys= 10.57
1.33 nd αxf
r1= 3 = 0.00 = 0.025 Mxf= 8.49
1.33 αxs
r2 3 β= 0.24 = 0.034 Mxs= 11.32
s-8
1.33 αyf
r3= 3 = 0.024 Myf= 8.01
1.33 αys
r4= 3 = 0.032 Mys= 10.68
1.33 nd αxf
s-9
r1= 3 = 0.00 = 0.025 Mxf= 8.41
 1.33 αxs
r2 3 β= 0.24 = 0.034 Mxs= 11.22
1.33 αyf
r3= 3 = 0.024 Myf= 7.93
1.33 αys
r4= 3 = 0.032 Mys= 10.57
0.00 nd αxf
r1= 0 = 2.00 = 0.049 Mxf= 0.00
1.33 αxs
r2 3 β= 0.32 = 0.066 Mxs= 30.43
C
0.00 αyf
r3= 0 = 0.034 Myf= 0.00
1.33 αys
r4= 3 = 0.045 Mys= 0.00
1.33 nd αxf
r1= 3 = 2.00 = 0.136 Mxf= 0.00
1.33 αxs
r2 3 β= 0.54 = 0.000 Mxs= 24.09
C
0.00 αyf
r3= 0 = 0.034 Myf= 0.00
0.00 αys
r4= 0 = 0.045 Mys= 0.00
1.33 nd αxf
r1= 3 = 1.00 = 0.087 Mxf= 0.00
1.33 αxs
r2 3 β= 0.56 = 0.116 Mxs= 20.91
C
0.00 αyf
r3= 0 = 0.028 Myf= 0.00
1.33 αys
r4= 3 = 0.037 Mys= 0.00
1.33 nd αxf
r1= 3 = 1.00 = 0.089 Mxf= 0.00
1.33 αxs
r2 3 β= 0.57 = 0.118 Mxs= 24.59
C
0.00 αyf
r3= 0 = 0.028 Myf= 0.00
1.33 αys
r4= 3 = 0.037 Mys= 0.00
1.33 nd αxf
r1= 3 = 2.00 = 0.049 Mxf= 0.00
0.00 αxs
C r2 0 β= 0.32 = 0.066 Mxs= 13.36
0.00 αyf
r3= 0 = 0.034 Myf= 0.00
r4= 1.33 αys 0.045 Mys= 0.00
 3 =
1.33 nd αxf
r1= 3 = 1.00 = 0.050 Mxf= 0.00
0.00 αxs
r2 0 β= 0.47 = 0.067 Mxs= 19.67
C
1.33 αyf
r3= 3 = 0.028 Myf= 0.00
1.33 αys
r4= 3 = 0.037 Mys= 0.00
1.33 nd αxf
r1= 3 = 1.00 = 0.059 Mxf= 0.00
0.00 αxs
r2 0 β= 0.55 = 0.078 Mxs= 19.67
C
1.33 αyf
r3= 3 = 0.028 Myf= 0.00
1.33 αys
r4= 3 = 0.037 Mys= 0.00
1.33 nd αxf
r1= 3 = 1.00 = 0.059 Mxf= 0.00
0.00 αxs
r2 0 β= 0.55 = 0.078 Mxs= 32.68
C
1.33 αyf
r3= 3 = 0.028 Myf= 0.00
1.33 αys
r4= 3 = 0.037 Mys= 0.00
1.33 nd αxf
r1= 3 = 1.00 = 0.059 Mxf= 0.00
0.00 αxs
r2 0 β= 0.55 = 0.078 Mxs= 33.90
C
1.33 αyf
r3= 3 = 0.028 Myf= 0.00
1.33 αys
r4= 3 = 0.037 Mys= 0.00
1.33 nd αxf
r1= 3 = 2.00 = 0.057 Mxf= 0.00
0.00 αxs
r2 0 β= 0.36 = 0.076 Mxs= 11.10
C
1.33 αyf
r3= 3 = 0.034 Myf= 0.00
0.00 αys
r4= 0 = 0.045 Mys= 0.00
C 1.33 nd αxf
r1= 3 = 1.00 = 0.091 Mxf= 0.00
r2 1.33 β= 0.58 αxs 0.121 Mxs= 8.72
3 =
 1.33 αyf
r3= 3 = 0.028 Myf= 0.00
0.00 αys
r4= 0 = 0.037 Mys= 0.00
1.33 nd αxf
r1= 3 = 1.00 = 0.083 Mxf= 0.00
1.33 αxs
r2 3 β= 0.53 = 0.111 Mxs= 19.81
C
1.33 αyf
r3= 3 = 0.028 Myf= 0.00
0.00 αys
r4= 0 = 0.037 Mys= 0.00
1.33 nd αxf
r1= 3 = 1.00 = 0.083 Mxf= 0.00
1.33 αxs
r2 3 β= 0.53 = 0.110 Mxs= 16.29
C
1.33 αyf
r3= 3 = 0.028 Myf= 0.00
0.00 αys
r4= 0 = 0.037 Mys= 0.00
0.00 nd αxf
r1= 0 = 2.00 = 0.036 Mxf= 0.00
1.33 αxs
r2 3 β= 0.23 = 0.047 Mxs= 19.67
C
1.33 αyf
r3= 3 = 0.034 Myf= 0.00
0.00 αys
r4= 0 = 0.045 Mys= 0.00
0.00 nd αxf
r1= 0 = 1.00 = 0.059 Mxf= 0.00
1.33 αxs
r2 3 β= 0.55 = 0.078 Mxs= 32.55
C
1.33 αyf
r3= 3 = 0.028 Myf= 0.00
1.33 αys
r4= 3 = 0.037 Mys= 0.00
0.00 nd αxf
r1= 0 = 1.00 = 0.059 Mxf= 0.00
1.33 αxs
r2 3 β= 0.55 = 0.078 Mxs= 34.78
C
1.33 αyf
r3= 3 = 0.028 Myf= 0.00
1.33 αys
r4= 3 = 0.037 Mys= 0.00
C r1= 0.00 nd 1.00 αxf 0.059 Mxf= 0.00
 0 = =
1.33 αxs
r2 3 β= 0.55 = 0.078 Mxs= 34.54
1.33 αyf
r3= 3 = 0.028 Myf= 0.00
1.33 αys
r4= 3 = 0.037 Mys= 0.00
0.00 nd αxf
r1= 0 = 1.00 = 0.050 Mxf= 0.00
1.33 αxs
r2 3 β= 0.47 = 0.067 Mxs= 36.45
C
1.33 αyf
r3= 3 = 0.028 Myf= 0.00
1.33 αys
r4= 3 = 0.037 Mys= 0.00
1.33 nd αxf
r1= 3 = 1.00 = 0.065 Mxf= 0.00
1.33 αxs
r2 3 β= 0.42 = 0.087 Mxs= 11.51
C
1.33 αyf
r3= 3 = 0.028 Myf= 0.00
0.00 αys
r4= 0 = 0.037 Mys= 0.00
1.33 nd αxf
r1= 3 = 2.00 = 0.094 Mxf= 0.00
0.00 αxs
r2 0 β= 0.60 = 0.126 Mxs= 18.12
C
1.33 αyf
r3= 3 = 0.034 Myf= 0.00
0.00 αys
r4= 0 = 0.045 Mys= 0.00
1.33 nd αxf
r1= 3 = 1.00 = 0.056 Mxf= 0.00
1.33 αxs
r2 3 β= 0.36 = 0.074 Mxs= 18.12
C
0.00 αyf
r3= 0 = 0.028 Myf= 0.00
1.33 αys
r4= 3 = 0.037 Mys= 0.00
C 0.00 nd αxf
r1= 0 = 1.00 = 0.065 Mxf= 0.00
1.33 αxs
r2 3 β= 0.61 = 0.087 Mxs= 18.12
r3= 1.33 αyf 0.028 Myf= 0.00
3 =
 1.33 αys
r4= 3 = 0.037 Mys= 0.00

3.7 MOMENT ADJUSTEMENT

For each support over which the slab is continuous there will thus generally be two different
support moments. The difference may be distributed between the panels on either side of the
support to equalize their moments, as in the moment distribution method for frames.
Two methods of differing accuracy are given here for treating the effects of this
Re-distribution on moments away from the support. EBCS EN 2, 2015 article A.3.3.1 No.3 and4
∆M = (MR – ML)/MR × 100
Case 1: - If ∆M≤20% use average moment then Md= (MR+ML)/2, MR> ML.
Case 2: - If ∆M>20% use moment distribution or distribute based on relative stiffness.
Md = MR - KR/ (KR+KL) *M… considering the right moment
Md = ML + KL/ (KR+KL) *M… considering the left moment
Where k=I/Lx
If adjustment is between two way & cantilever, then Md=Mmax
Distribution Factor
DFR= (1/LR) / (1/LR+1/LL)

3.8 SAMPLE OF ADJUSTEMENT

Between panel S4 & S5

MR= 10.95 ML=10.93
M = MR- ML = 10.95 – 10.93 = 0.2
M/ (MR) = 0.2/ 10.95 = 0.018 < 0.2% use average method
= 10.95+10.93 = 10.94
2
3.9 SPAN MOMENT ADJUSTEMENT

According to EBCS 2, 2015 article A.3.3.3 Method II

1) In this method, consideration of the effects of changes of support moments is limited to the
adjacent spans. Since no effects on neighboring support sections need to be considered; only a
simple balancing operation is required at each edge and no iterative process is involved.
2) The procedure for applying method II, is as follows :
Support and span moments, are first calculated for individual panels by assuming each panel
fully loaded. This is done by using the coefficients given. The unbalanced moment is distributed
using the moment distribution method. The relative stiffness of each panel shall be taken
proportional to its gross moment of inertia divided by the smaller span. If the support moment is
decreased, the span moments mxf and myf are then increased to allow for the changes of support
moments. This increase is calculated as being equal to the change of the support moment
multiplied by the factors given. If a support moment is increased, no adjustments shall be made
to the span moments. The change in the respective moments will be described as follows:

Mxf = CxM

Myf = CyM

Adjusted field moment: Mxf = Mxf+ (Cx*M)

Myf = Myf+ (Cy*M)

∆Mxf =CXMxS + CXMyS

Myf = CyMXs + CyMYs

For panel 4
mxs=21.98-17.5=4.4
mys=19.67-18.15=1.5
mxf=8.43+(4.4*0.28)=9.7
myf=8.09+(1.52*0.38)=8.66

Span Adjusted
Initial Moment Moment
 Mxf= 5.22 5.98
Mxs= 6.95 8.90
S-1 Myf= 2.85 3.04
Mys= 3.81 36.45
Mxf= 5.50 7.87
Mxs= 7.34 16.52
S-2 Myf= 2.85 3.40
Mys= 3.81 13.36
Mxf= 16.49 9.00
Mxs= 21.98 17.50
S-3 Myf= 13.61 15.70
Mys= 18.15 19.67
Mxf= 8.43 9.7
Mxs= 11.23 11.23
S-4 Myf= 8.09 8.66
Mys= 10.79 34.54
Mxf= 8.41 8.41
Mxs= 11.22 14.03
S-5 Myf= 7.93 7.93
Mys= 10.57 34.76
Mxf= 9.74 7.08
Mxs= 12.99 12.99
S-6 Myf= 7.93 8.84
Mys= 10.57 33.90
Mxf= 9.74 9.45
Mxs= 12.99 8.72
S-7 Myf= 7.93 7.93
Mys= 10.57 19.67
S-8 Mxf= 8.49 8.52
Mxs= 11.32 10.63
Myf= 8.01 9.45
 Mys= 10.68 36.89
Mxf= 8.41 8.42
Mxs= 11.22 26.83
S-9 Myf= 7.93 7.93
Mys= 10.57 32.55
Mxf= 0.00 0.00
Mxs= 30.43 30.43
C Myf= 0.00 0.00
Mys= 0.00 0.00
Mxf= 0.00 0.00
Mxs= 24.09 24.09
C Myf= 0.00 0.00
Mys= 0.00 0.00
Mxf= 0.00 0.00
Mxs= 20.91 20.91
C Myf= 0.00 0.00
Mys= 0.00 0.00
Mxf= 0.00 0.00
Mxs= 24.59 24.59
C Myf= 0.00 0.00
Mys= 0.00 0.00
Mxf= 0.00 0.00
Mxs= 13.36 13.36
C Myf= 0.00 0.00
Mys= 0.00 0.00
Mxf= 0.00 0.00
Mxs= 19.67 19.67
C Myf= 0.00 0.00
Mys= 0.00 0.00
C Mxf= 0.00 0.00
Mxs= 19.67 19.67
 Myf= 0.00 0.00
Mys= 0.00 0.00
Mxf= 0.00 0.00
Mxs= 32.68 32.68
C Myf= 0.00 0.00
Mys= 0.00 0.00
Mxf= 0.00 0.00
Mxs= 33.90 33.90
C Myf= 0.00 0.00
Mys= 0.00 0.00
Mxf= 0.00 0.00
Mxs= 11.10 11.10
C Myf= 0.00 0.00
Mys= 0.00 0.00
Mxf= 0.00 0.00
Mxs= 8.72 8.72
C Myf= 0.00 0.00
Mys= 0.00 0.00
Mxf= 0.00 0.00
Mxs= 19.81 19.81
C Myf= 0.00 0.00
Mys= 0.00 0.00
Mxf= 0.00 0.00
Mxs= 16.29 16.29
C Myf= 0.00 0.00
Mys= 0.00 0.00
Mxf= 0.00 0.00
Mxs= 19.67 19.67
C Myf= 0.00 0.00
Mys= 0.00 0.00
C Mxf= 0.00 0.00
 Mxs= 32.55 32.55
Myf= 0.00 0.00

Mys= 0.00 0.00

Mxf= 0.00 0.00
Mxs= 34.78 34.78
C Myf= 0.00 0.00
Mys= 0.00 0.00
Mxf= 0.00 0.00
Mxs= 34.54 34.54
C Myf= 0.00 0.00
Mys= 0.00 0.00
Mxf= 0.00 0.00
Mxs= 36.45 36.45
C Myf= 0.00 0.00
Mys= 0.00 0.00
Mxf= 0.00 0.00
Mxs= 11.51 11.51
C Myf= 0.00 0.00
Mys= 0.00 0.00
Mxf= 0.00 0.00
Mxs= 18.12 18.12
C Myf= 0.00 0.00
Mys= 0.00 0.00
Mxf= 0.00 0.00
Mxs= 18.12 18.12
C Myf= 0.00 0.00
Mys= 0.00 0.00
C Mxf= 0.00 0.00
Mxs= 18.12 18.12
Myf= 0.00 0.00
 Mys= 0.00 0.00

3.1.1 Adequacy For flexure

√ √( )
6
Mmax 36.89∗10
dmin = = =103.7<125…………. Safe
0.295 bfcd 0.295∗1000∗11.33

Load transfer
The actual loads on the slab are transferred to beams as shear. The shear is calculated as:

Vx = ßvx* Pd*Lx Vy = ßvy* Pd*Ly

The design load on a beam determined in the above may be taken as the maximum shear
in the slab at the support, which will be distributed on 75% of the span of the beam.

Distribution of Load on Beam Supporting A Two-Way Spanning Slab

For Panel S1
 Pd= 13 KN/m2
 Ly= 5.2m
 Lx = 3m
 Ly/Lx = 1.73
βvx,c=0.474
βvx,d=0.0.000
βvy,c=0.0.330
βvy,d=0.000

Vx,c= βvx,c*Pd* Lx
Vx,c = 0.0.474*13*34=18.5 KN/m
Vx,d= βvx,d*Pd*Lx =0*13*3 =0 KN/m
Vy,c = βvy*Pd*Lx = 0.330*13*3 = 13 KN/m
Vy,d= βvy,d*Pd*Lx = 0*13*3 = 0 KN/m

Slab Shear
Type Transfer to
Panel Ly Lx Ly/Lx Beam
Type
= 1 βvx,c= 0.474 Vx,c= 18.5
1 Two βvx,d= 0.000 Vx,d= 0.00
5.2 3 1.73
Way
1 S-1 1 βvy,c= 0.330 Vy,c= 13.00
1 βvy,d= 0.000 Vy,d= 0.00
Type
= 1 βvx,c= 0.491 Vx,c= 19.46
1 Two βvx,d= 0.000 Vx,d= 0.00
5.7 3 1.90
Way
1 S-2 1 βvy,c= 0.330 Vy,c= 13.08
1 βvy,d= 0.000 Vy,d= 0.00
Type
= 1 βvx,c= 0.371 Vx,c= 41.66
1 Two βvx,d= 0.000 Vx,d= 0.00
5.7 5.05 1.13
Way
1 S-3 1 βvy,c= 0.330 Vy,c= 37.06
1 βvy,d= 0.000 Vy,d= 0.00
Type 3 5.2 5.05 1.03 Two βvx,c= 0.640 Vx,c= 42.72
= Way
 1 βvx,d= 0.223 Vx,d= 14.86
1 S-4 1 βvy,c= 0.360 Vy,c= 24.03
1 βvy,d= 0.000 Vy,d= 0.00
Type
= 1 βvx,c= 0.346 Vx,c= 22.85
1 Two βvx,d= 0.000 Vx,d= 0.00
5.2 5 1.04
Way
1 S-5 1 βvy,c= 0.330 Vy,c= 21.81
1 βvy,d= 0.000 Vy,d= 0.00
Type
= 1 βvx,c= 0.374 Vx,c= 24.71
1 Two βvx,d= 0.000 Vx,d= 0.00
5.7 5 1.14
Way
1 S-6 1 βvy,c= 0.330 Vy,c= 21.81
1 βvy,d= 0.000 Vy,d= 0.00
Type
= 1 βvx,c= 0.374 Vx,c= 24.71
1 Two βvx,d= 0.000 Vx,d= 0.00
5.7 5 1.14
Way
1 S-7 1 βvy,c= 0.330 Vy,c= 21.81
1 βvy,d= 0.000 Vy,d= 0.00
Type
= 1 βvx,c= 0.346 Vx,c= 23.07
1 Two βvx,d= 0.000 Vx,d= 0.00
5.2 5 1.04
Way
1 S-8 1 βvy,c= 0.330 Vy,c= 22.02
1 βvy,d= 0.000 Vy,d= 0.00
Type
= 1 βvx,c= 0.346 Vx,c= 22.85
1 Two βvx,d= 0.000 Vx,d= 0.00
5.2 5 1.04
Way
1 S-9 1 βvy,c= 0.330 Vy,c= 21.81
1 βvy,d= 0.000 Vy,d= 0.00
Type
= C βvx,c= FALSE Vx,c= 47.52
0 1.5 1.2 1.25 Catilever βvx,d= FALSE Vx,d= 0.00
0 C 1 βvy,c= FALSE Vy,c= 0.00
1 βvy,d= FALSE Vy,d= 0.00
Type
= C βvx,c= FALSE Vx,c= 36.96
0 5.2 1.2 4.33 Catilever βvx,d= FALSE Vx,d= 0.00
1 C 1 βvy,c= FALSE Vy,c= 0.00
0 βvy,d= FALSE Vy,d= 0.00
Type
= C 5.2 1.2 4.33 Catilever βvx,c= FALSE Vx,c= 31.66
0 βvx,d= FALSE Vx,d= 0.00
1 C 1 βvy,c= FALSE Vy,c= 0.00
1 βvy,d= FALSE Vy,d= 0.00
Type
= C βvx,c= FALSE Vx,c= 37.78
0 5.7 1.2 4.75 Catilever βvx,d= FALSE Vx,d= 0.00
1 C 1 βvy,c= FALSE Vy,c= 0.00
1 βvy,d= FALSE Vy,d= 0.00
Type
= C βvx,c= FALSE Vx,c= 19.06
0 1.5 1.2 1.25 Catilever βvx,d= FALSE Vx,d= 0.00
1 C 0 βvy,c= FALSE Vy,c= 0.00
1 βvy,d= FALSE Vy,d= 0.00
Type
= C βvx,c= FALSE Vx,c= 23.03
1 3 1.5 2.00 Catilever βvx,d= FALSE Vx,d= 0.00
1 C 0 βvy,c= FALSE Vy,c= 0.00
1 βvy,d= FALSE Vy,d= 0.00
Type
= C βvx,c= FALSE Vx,c= 23.03
1 5.05 1.5 3.37 Catilever βvx,d= FALSE Vx,d= 0.00
1 C 0 βvy,c= FALSE Vy,c= 0.00
1 βvy,d= FALSE Vy,d= 0.00
Type
= C βvx,c= FALSE Vx,c= 40.37
1 5 1.5 3.33 Catilever βvx,d= FALSE Vx,d= 0.00
1 C 0 βvy,c= FALSE Vy,c= 0.00
1 βvy,d= FALSE Vy,d= 0.00
Type
= C βvx,c= FALSE Vx,c= 42.00
1 βvx,d= FALSE Vx,d= 0.00
5 1.5 3.33 Catilever
1 C 0 βvy,c= FALSE Vy,c= 0.00
1
βvy,d= FALSE Vy,d= 0.00
Type
= C βvx,c= FALSE Vx,c= 18.36
1 1.5 1.03 1.46 Catilever βvx,d= FALSE Vx,d= 0.00
1 C 0 βvy,c= FALSE Vy,c= 0.00
0 βvy,d= FALSE Vy,d= 0.00
Type
= C βvx,c= FALSE Vx,c= 13.72
5.7 1.03 5.53 Catilever
1 βvx,d= FALSE Vx,d= 0.00
1 C 1 βvy,c= FALSE Vy,c= 0.00
 0 βvy,d= FALSE Vy,d= 0.00
Type
= C βvx,c= FALSE Vx,c= 23.22
1 5.33 1.5 3.55 Catilever βvx,d= FALSE Vx,d= 0.00
1 C 1 βvy,c= FALSE Vy,c= 0.00
0 βvy,d= FALSE Vy,d= 0.00
Type
= C βvx,c= FALSE Vx,c= 18.53
1 5.2 1.5 3.47 Catilever βvx,d= FALSE Vx,d= 0.00
1 C 1 βvy,c= FALSE Vy,c= 0.00
0 βvy,d= FALSE Vy,d= 0.00
Type
= C βvx,c= FALSE Vx,c= 23.03
1 1.5 1.5 1.00 Catilever βvx,d= FALSE Vx,d= 0.00
0 C 1 βvy,c= FALSE Vy,c= 0.00
0 βvy,d= FALSE Vy,d= 0.00
Type
= C βvx,c= FALSE Vx,c= 40.20
1 5 1.5 3.33 Catilever βvx,d= FALSE Vx,d= 0.00
0 C 1 βvy,c= FALSE Vy,c= 0.00
1 βvy,d= FALSE Vy,d= 0.00
Type
= C βvx,c= FALSE Vx,c= 43.18
1 5 1.5 3.33 Catilever βvx,d= FALSE Vx,d= 0.00
0 C 1 βvy,c= FALSE Vy,c= 0.00
1 βvy,d= FALSE Vy,d= 0.00
Type
= C βvx,c= FALSE Vx,c= 42.85
1 5.05 1.5 3.37 Catilever βvx,d= FALSE Vx,d= 0.00
0 C 1 βvy,c= FALSE Vy,c= 0.00
1 βvy,d= FALSE Vy,d= 0.00
Type
= C βvx,c= FALSE Vx,c= 45.39
1 3 1.5 2.00 Catilever βvx,d= FALSE Vx,d= 0.00
0 C 1 βvy,c= FALSE Vy,c= 0.00
1 βvy,d= FALSE Vy,d= 0.00
Type
= C βvx,c= FALSE Vx,c= 16.82
1 2.2 1.15 1.91 Catilever βvx,d= FALSE Vx,d= 0.00
1 C 1 βvy,c= FALSE Vy,c= 0.00
0 βvy,d= FALSE Vy,d= 0.00
 Type
= C βvx,c= FALSE Vx,c= 20.97
1 10.1 1.5 6.73 Catilever βvx,d= FALSE Vx,d= 0.00
1 C 0 βvy,c= FALSE Vy,c= 0.00
0 βvy,d= FALSE Vy,d= 0.00
Type C βvx,c= FALSE Vx,c= 20.97
=
0 2.3 1.5 1.53 Catilever βvx,d= FALSE Vx,d= 0.00
1 C 1 βvy,c= FALSE Vy,c= 0.00
1 βvy,d= FALSE Vy,d= 0.00
Type C βvx,c= FALSE Vx,c= 20.97
= 10.1 1.5 6.73 Catilever
1 βvx,d= FALSE Vx,d= 0.00
0 C 1 βvy,c= FALSE Vy,c= 0.00
1 βvy,d= FALSE Vy,d= 0.00

3.1.2 Reinforcement calculation

Minimum and Maximum area of reinforcement

For solid slab

For main reinforcements The same as like that of beam. The only difference is bt=width of beam
considered during design of beam, b t=1000 mm in Solid slabs. As max =0.04 Ac

For Secondary Reinforcements Secondary transverse reinforcement of not less than 20% of the
principal reinforcement should be provided in one way solid slabs.

If the slab is one way solid slab main reinforcement were provided parallel to short direction and
secondary reinforcements were provided parallel to longer direction .

If the slab is two way solid slab main reinforcement were provided parallel both in shorter and
longer direction.

For main Reinforcements

( {
fyk )
}
0.26 fctm
∗bd
ASmin=max where h=total depth of the slab
0.0013 bd
fctm = Mean value of axial tensile strength of concrete

Fctm= 0.3(fck)2/3 = 2.21

Smax=min {400
3h
}
For secondary reinforcement

ASmin=0.2ASmain reinforcement

Smax=min {4503.5mmh }

Effective Depth (d)

Slab thickness = 150 mm
nominal cover=20mm
diameter bar = 10m
dshortt= 150– 20 – 10/2 = 125
mm for short direction
dlong = 150 – 20 – 10 – 10/2 = 115mm for long direction

0.85∗20
fsd = = 11.33Mpa
1.5
fyk 400
fyd = = = 347.83Mpa
1.15 1.15
M
μ sds= 2 Where,
fcd∗b∗d

M = design moment

fcd = characteristics strength of concrete (MPa)

d = effective depth b = width

 Asmin > 0.13%bd = 0.13/100 ×( 1000 × 125) =162.55mm2
Asminn = 0.26(fctm/fyk)bd ,
Fctm= 0.3(fck)2/3 = 2.21 fck=20
Asmin = 0.26(2.21/400) ×1000×125 =179.57mm2 where
fctm = Mean value of axial tensile strength of concrete

fyk = Characteristic yield strength of reinforcement

bt = width

d = effective depth

Asmax = 0.04Ac

= 0.04 × 1000×150 = 6000mm2

= (36.89/(125/1000)2 )1/2= 48.589

Ks = 3.038 from KM-KS Table

Asreq = M×Ks / d/1000 = 36.89 × 3.26 / 125/1000 = 962mm2

Spacing

= 1000×78.5 / 962 = 81.6

There for ∅ 10 c /c 81.6

 As
Φ d As Provided Sprov provid
Panel (mm) (mm) km ks required Reinforcement ided ed
Type= 1 8 126 19.41 2.960 210.07 Φ8 c/c 230 230.00 218.55
1 10 125 23.86 2.980 212.08 Φ10 c/c 250 350.00 224.40
1 S-1 1 8 118 14.78 2.960 196.73 Φ8 c/c 250 250.00 201.06
1 10 115 52.50 3.340 1058.63 Φ10 c/c 70 70.00 1122.00
Type= 1 8 126 22.26 2.975 210.07 Φ8 c/c 230 230.00 218.55
1 10 125 32.52 3.053 403.42 Φ10 c/c 190 190.00 413.37
1 S-2 1 8 118 15.63 2.960 196.73 Φ8 c/c 250 250.00 201.06
1 10 115 31.78 3.045 353.75 Φ10 c/c 220 220.00 357.00
Type= 1 8 126 23.81 2.980 212.86 Φ8 c/c 230 230.00 218.55
1 10 125 33.47 3.060 428.40 Φ10 c/c 180 180.00 436.33
1 S-3 1 8 118 33.58 3.060 407.14 Φ8 c/c 120 120.00 418.88
1 10 115 38.57 3.103 530.80 Φ10 c/c 140 140.00 561.00
Type= 3 8 126 23.85 2.980 213.57 Φ8 c/c 230 230.00 218.55
1 10 125 26.80 3.000 269.40 Φ10 c/c 250 290.00 270.83
1 S-4 1 8 118 24.74 2.985 215.53 Φ8 c/c 230 230.00 218.55
1 10 115 51.10 3.320 997.15 Φ10 c/c 70 70.00 1122.00
Type= 1 8 126 23.02 2.980 210.07 Φ8 c/c 230 230.00 218.55
1 10 125 29.97 3.030 340.09 Φ10 c/c 230 230.00 341.48
1 S-5 1 8 118 23.86 2.980 200.27 Φ8 c/c 250 250.00 201.06
1 10 115 51.27 3.320 1003.51 Φ10 c/c 70 70.00 1122.00
Type= 1 8 126 21.12 2.970 210.07 Φ8 c/c 230 230.00 218.55
1 10 125 28.83 3.020 313.84 Φ10 c/c 250 250.00 314.16
1 S-6 1 8 118 25.20 2.990 224.00 Φ8 c/c 220 220.00 228.48
1 10 115 50.63 3.300 972.78 Φ10 c/c 80 80.00 981.75
Type= 1 8 126 24.40 2.985 223.88 Φ8 c/c 220 220.00 228.48
1 10 125 23.62 2.980 208.40 Φ10 c/c 250 350.00 224.40
1 S-7 1 8 118 23.86 2.980 200.27 Φ8 c/c 250 250.00 201.06
 1 10 115 38.57 3.103 530.80 Φ10 c/c 140 140.00 561.00
Type= 1 8 126 23.17 2.980 210.07 Φ8 c/c 230 230.00 218.55
1 10 125 26.08 3.000 255.00 Φ10 c/c 250 300.00 261.80
1 S-8 1 8 118 26.05 3.000 240.25 Φ8 c/c 200 200.00 251.33
1 10 115 52.81 3.340 1071.41 Φ10 c/c 70 70.00 1122.00
Type= 1 8 126 23.03 2.980 210.07 Φ8 c/c 230 230.00 218.55
1 10 125 41.44 3.145 675.04 Φ10 c/c 110 110.00 714.00
1 S-9 1 8 118 23.86 2.980 200.27 Φ8 c/c 250 250.00 201.06
1 10 115 49.61 3.285 929.80 Φ10 c/c 80 80.00 981.75
Type= C 8 126 0.00 2.960 210.07 Φ8 c/c 230 230.00 218.55
0 10 125 44.13 3.190 776.60 Φ10 c/c 100 100.00 785.40
0 C 1 8 118 0.00 2.960 196.73 Φ8 c/c 250 250.00 201.06
1 10 115 0.00 2.960 191.73 Φ10 c/c 250 350.00 224.40
Type= C 8 126 0.00 2.960 210.07 Φ8 c/c 230 230.00 218.55
0 10 125 39.27 3.117 600.74 Φ10 c/c 130 130.00 604.15
1 C 1 8 118 0.00 2.960 196.73 Φ8 c/c 250 250.00 201.06
0 10 115 0.00 2.960 191.73 Φ10 c/c 250 350.00 224.40
Type= C 8 126 0.00 2.960 210.07 Φ8 c/c 230 230.00 218.55
0 10 125 36.59 3.083 515.75 Φ10 c/c 150 150.00 523.60
1 C 1 8 118 0.00 2.960 196.73 Φ8 c/c 250 250.00 201.06
1 10 115 0.00 2.960 191.73 Φ10 c/c 250 350.00 224.40
Type= C 8 126 0.00 2.960 210.07 Φ8 c/c 230 230.00 218.55
0 10 125 39.67 3.117 613.10 Φ10 c/c 120 120.00 654.50
1 C 1 8 118 0.00 2.960 196.73 Φ8 c/c 250 250.00 201.06
1 10 115 0.00 2.960 191.73 Φ10 c/c 250 350.00 224.40
Type= C 8 126 0.00 2.960 210.07 Φ8 c/c 230 230.00 218.55
0 10 125 29.24 3.030 323.76 Φ10 c/c 240 240.00 327.25
1 C 0 8 118 0.00 2.960 196.73 Φ8 c/c 250 250.00 201.06
1 10 115 0.00 2.960 191.73 Φ10 c/c 250 350.00 224.40
Type= C 8 126 0.00 2.960 210.07 Φ8 c/c 230 230.00 218.55
1 10 125 35.48 3.075 483.86 Φ10 c/c 160 160.00 490.87
1 C 0 8 118 0.00 2.960 196.73 Φ8 c/c 250 250.00 201.06
1 10 115 0.00 2.960 191.73 Φ10 c/c 250 350.00 224.40
Type= C 8 126 0.00 2.960 210.07 Φ8 c/c 230 230.00 218.55
1 10 125 35.48 3.075 483.86 Φ10 c/c 160 160.00 490.87
1 C 0 8 118 0.00 2.960 196.73 Φ8 c/c 250 250.00 201.06
1 10 115 0.00 2.960 191.73 Φ10 c/c 250 350.00 224.40
Type= C 8 126 0.00 2.960 210.07 Φ8 c/c 230 230.00 218.55
1 10 125 45.73 3.210 839.23 Φ10 c/c 90 90.00 872.66
1 C 0 8 118 0.00 2.960 196.73 Φ8 c/c 250 250.00 201.06
1 10 115 0.00 2.960 191.73 Φ10 c/c 250 350.00 224.40
Type= C 8 126 0.00 2.960 210.07 Φ8 c/c 230 230.00 218.55
1 10 125 46.58 3.230 876.03 Φ10 c/c 80 80.00 981.75
1 C 0 8 118 0.00 2.960 196.73 Φ8 c/c 250 250.00 201.06
1 10 115 0.00 2.960 191.73 Φ10 c/c 250 350.00 224.40
Type= C 8 126 0.00 2.960 210.07 Φ8 c/c 230 230.00 218.55
1 10 125 26.66 3.000 266.46 Φ10 c/c 250 290.00 270.83
1 C 0 8 118 0.00 2.960 196.73 Φ8 c/c 250 250.00 201.06
0 10 115 0.00 2.960 191.73 Φ10 c/c 250 350.00 224.40
Type= C 8 126 0.00 2.960 210.07 Φ8 c/c 230 230.00 218.55
1 10 125 23.62 2.980 208.40 Φ10 c/c 250 350.00 224.40
1 C 1 8 118 0.00 2.960 196.73 Φ8 c/c 250 250.00 201.06
0 10 115 0.00 2.960 191.73 Φ10 c/c 250 350.00 224.40
Type= C 8 126 0.00 2.960 210.07 Φ8 c/c 230 230.00 218.55
1 10 125 35.61 3.075 487.38 Φ10 c/c 160 160.00 490.87
1 C 1 8 118 0.00 2.960 196.73 Φ8 c/c 250 250.00 201.06
0 10 115 0.00 2.960 191.73 Φ10 c/c 250 350.00 224.40
Type= C 8 126 0.00 2.960 210.07 Φ8 c/c 230 230.00 218.55
1 10 125 32.29 3.053 397.91 Φ10 c/c 190 190.00 413.37
1 C 1 8 118 0.00 2.960 196.73 Φ8 c/c 250 250.00 201.06
0 10 115 0.00 2.960 191.73 Φ10 c/c 250 350.00 224.40
 Type= C 8 126 0.00 2.960 210.07 Φ8 c/c 230 230.00 218.55
1 10 125 35.48 3.075 483.86 Φ10 c/c 160 160.00 490.87
0 C 1 8 118 0.00 2.960 196.73 Φ8 c/c 250 250.00 201.06
0 10 115 0.00 2.960 191.73 Φ10 c/c 250 350.00 224.40
Type= C 8 126 0.00 2.960 210.07 Φ8 c/c 230 230.00 218.55
1 10 125 45.64 3.210 835.94 Φ10 c/c 90 90.00 872.66
0 C 1 8 118 0.00 2.960 196.73 Φ8 c/c 250 250.00 201.06
1 10 115 0.00 2.960 191.73 Φ10 c/c 250 350.00 224.40
Type= C 8 126 0.00 2.960 210.07 Φ8 c/c 230 230.00 218.55
1 10 125 47.18 3.250 904.36 Φ10 c/c 80 80.00 981.75
0 C 1 8 118 0.00 2.960 196.73 Φ8 c/c 250 250.00 201.06
1 10 115 0.00 2.960 191.73 Φ10 c/c 250 350.00 224.40
Type= C 8 126 0.00 2.960 210.07 Φ8 c/c 230 230.00 218.55
1 10 125 47.02 3.250 898.05 Φ10 c/c 80 80.00 981.75
0 C 1 8 118 0.00 2.960 196.73 Φ8 c/c 250 250.00 201.06
1 10 115 0.00 2.960 191.73 Φ10 c/c 250 350.00 224.40
Type= C 8 126 0.00 2.960 210.07 Φ8 c/c 230 230.00 218.55
1 10 125 48.30 3.270 953.41 Φ10 c/c 80 80.00 981.75
0 C 1 8 118 0.00 2.960 196.73 Φ8 c/c 250 250.00 201.06
1 10 115 0.00 2.960 191.73 Φ10 c/c 250 350.00 224.40
Type= C 8 126 0.00 2.960 210.07 Φ8 c/c 230 230.00 218.55
1 10 125 27.14 3.010 277.21 Φ10 c/c 250 280.00 280.50
1 C 1 8 118 0.00 2.960 196.73 Φ8 c/c 250 250.00 201.06
0 10 115 0.00 2.960 191.73 Φ10 c/c 250 350.00 224.40
Type= C 8 126 0.00 2.960 210.07 Φ8 c/c 230 230.00 218.55
1 10 125 34.06 3.068 444.78 Φ10 c/c 170 170.00 462.00
1 C 0 8 118 0.00 2.960 196.73 Φ8 c/c 250 250.00 201.06
0 10 115 0.00 2.960 191.73 Φ10 c/c 250 350.00 224.40
Type= C 8 126 0.00 2.960 210.07 Φ8 c/c 230 230.00 218.55
0 10 125 34.06 3.068 444.78 Φ10 c/c 170 170.00 462.00
1 C 1 8 118 0.00 2.960 196.73 Φ8 c/c 250 250.00 201.06
1 10 115 0.00 2.960 191.73 Φ10 c/c 250 350.00 224.40
Type= C 8 126 0.00 2.960 210.07 Φ8 c/c 230 230.00 218.55
1 10 125 34.06 3.068 444.78 Φ10 c/c 170 170.00 462.00
0 C 1 8 118 0.00 2.960 196.73 Φ8 c/c 250 250.00 201.06
1 10 115 0.00 2.960 191.73 Φ10 c/c 250 350.00 224.40

3.1.3 Shear Design Resistance

Depth adequacy
Design Shear Force = 66.47KN

VRDC = (0.12K(100ρ1Fck)1/3 bd ,

K= 1+(200/d)0.5 = 1+(200/125)0.5 = 2.26 > 2

ρ1=As/bd = 962/1000×125 = 0.007696

 VRDC = ( 0.12×2(100×0.007696×20)1/3 ×1×125 = 74.62 KN

 VMIN, =( 0.035(K)1.5 (Fck)0.5) bd =66.47 KN

VRDC = KN >VED = 74.62 > 66.47 KN

Shear reinforcement is not required

Shear As
Transfer to require As
Beam ρ1 K Lx d provided d
Vx,c= 18.7 0.173 1.500 3.000 210.07 218.55 125
 9
Vx,d= 0.00 0.180 1.500 3.000 212.08 224.40 125
13.0
Vy,c= 8 0.170 1.500 3.000 196.73 201.06 118
Vy,d= 0.00 0.976 1.500 3.000 1058.63 1122.00 115
19.4
Vx,c= 6 0.173 1.500 3.000 210.07 218.55 126
Vx,d= 0.00 0.331 1.500 3.000 403.42 413.37 125
13.0
Vy,c= 8 0.170 1.500 3.000 196.73 201.06 118
Vy,d= 0.00 0.310 1.500 3.000 353.75 357.00 115
41.6
Vx,c= 6 0.173 1.500 5.050 212.86 218.55 126
Vx,d= 0.00 0.349 1.500 5.050 428.40 436.33 125
37.0
Vy,c= 6 0.355 1.500 5.050 407.14 418.88 118
Vy,d= 0.00 0.488 1.500 5.050 530.80 561.00 115
42.7
Vx,c= 2 0.173 1.500 5.050 213.57 218.55 126
14.8
Vx,d= 6 0.217 1.500 5.050 269.40 270.83 125
24.0
Vy,c= 3 0.185 1.500 5.050 215.53 218.55 118
Vy,d= 0.00 0.976 1.500 5.050 997.15 1122.00 115
22.8
Vx,c= 5 0.173 1.500 5.000 210.07 218.55 126
Vx,d= 0.00 0.273 1.500 5.000 340.09 341.48 125
21.8
Vy,c= 1 0.170 1.500 5.000 200.27 201.06 118
Vy,d= 0.00 0.976 1.500 5.000 1003.51 1122.00 115
24.7
Vx,c= 1 0.173 1.500 5.000 210.07 218.55 126
Vx,d= 0.00 0.251 1.500 5.000 313.84 314.16 125
21.8
Vy,c= 1 0.194 1.500 5.000 224.00 228.48 118
Vy,d= 0.00 0.854 1.500 5.000 972.78 981.75 115
24.7
Vx,c= 1 0.181 1.500 5.000 223.88 228.48 126
Vx,d= 0.00 0.180 1.500 5.000 208.40 224.40 125
21.8
Vy,c= 1 0.170 1.500 5.000 200.27 201.06 118
Vy,d= 0.00 0.488 1.500 5.000 530.80 561.00 115
23.0
Vx,c= 7 0.173 1.500 5.000 210.07 218.55 126
Vx,d= 0.00 0.209 1.500 5.000 255.00 261.80 125
22.0
Vy,c= 2 0.213 1.500 5.000 240.25 251.33 118
Vy,d= 0.00 0.976 1.500 5.000 1071.41 1122.00 115
22.8
Vx,c= 5 0.173 1.500 5.000 210.07 218.55 126
Vx,d= 0.00 0.571 1.500 5.000 675.04 714.00 125
21.8
Vy,c= 1 0.170 1.500 5.000 200.27 201.06 118
Vy,d= 0.00 0.854 1.500 5.000 929.80 981.75 115
47.5
Vx,c= 2 0.173 0.400 1.200 210.07 218.55 126
Vx,d= 0.00 0.628 0.400 1.200 776.60 785.40 125
Vy,c= 0.00 0.170 0.400 1.200 196.73 201.06 118
Vy,d= 0.00 0.195 0.400 1.200 191.73 224.40 115
36.9
Vx,c= 6 0.173 0.400 1.200 210.07 218.55 126
Vx,d= 0.00 0.483 0.400 1.200 600.74 604.15 125
Vy,c= 0.00 0.170 0.400 1.200 196.73 201.06 118
Vy,d= 0.00 0.195 0.400 1.200 191.73 224.40 115
31.6
Vx,c= 6 0.173 0.400 1.200 210.07 218.55 126
Vx,d= 0.00 0.419 0.400 1.200 515.75 523.60 125
Vy,c= 0.00 0.170 0.400 1.200 196.73 201.06 118
Vy,d= 0.00 0.195 0.400 1.200 191.73 224.40 115
37.7
Vx,c= 8 0.173 0.400 1.200 210.07 218.55 126
Vx,d= 0.00 0.524 0.400 1.200 613.10 654.50 125
Vy,c= 0.00 0.170 0.400 1.200 196.73 201.06 118
Vy,d= 0.00 0.195 0.400 1.200 191.73 224.40 115
19.0
Vx,c= 6 0.173 0.400 1.200 210.07 218.55 126
Vx,d= 0.00 0.262 0.400 1.200 323.76 327.25 125
Vy,c= 0.00 0.170 0.400 1.200 196.73 201.06 118
Vy,d= 0.00 0.195 0.400 1.200 191.73 224.40 115
23.0
Vx,c= 3 0.173 0.400 1.500 210.07 218.55 126
Vx,d= 0.00 0.393 0.400 1.500 483.86 490.87 125
Vy,c= 0.00 0.170 0.400 1.500 196.73 201.06 118
Vy,d= 0.00 0.195 0.400 1.500 191.73 224.40 115
23.0
Vx,c= 3 0.173 0.400 1.500 210.07 218.55 126
Vx,d= 0.00 0.393 0.400 1.500 483.86 490.87 125
Vy,c= 0.00 0.170 0.400 1.500 196.73 201.06 118
Vy,d= 0.00 0.195 0.400 1.500 191.73 224.40 115
40.3
Vx,c= 7 0.173 0.400 1.500 210.07 218.55 126
Vx,d= 0.00 0.698 0.400 1.500 839.23 872.66 125
Vy,c= 0.00 0.170 0.400 1.500 196.73 201.06 118
Vy,d= 0.00 0.195 0.400 1.500 191.73 224.40 115
42.0
Vx,c= 0 0.173 0.400 1.500 210.07 218.55 126
Vx,d= 0.00 0.785 0.400 1.500 876.03 981.75 125
Vy,c= 0.00 0.170 0.400 1.500 196.73 201.06 118
Vy,d= 0.00 0.195 0.400 1.500 191.73 224.40 115
18.3
210.07
Vx,c= 6 0.173 0.400 1.030 218.55 126
Vx,d= 0.00 0.217 0.400 1.030 266.46 270.83 125
Vy,c= 0.00 0.170 0.400 1.030 196.73 201.06 118
Vy,d= 0.00 0.195 0.400 1.030 191.73 224.40 115
13.7
Vx,c= 2 0.173 0.400 1.030 210.07 218.55 126
Vx,d= 0.00 0.180 0.400 1.030 208.40 224.40 125
Vy,c= 0.00 0.170 0.400 1.030 196.73 201.06 118
Vy,d= 0.00 0.195 0.400 1.030 191.73 224.40 115
23.2
Vx,c= 2 0.173 0.400 1.500 210.07 218.55 126
Vx,d= 0.00 0.393 0.400 1.500 487.38 490.87 125
Vy,c= 0.00 0.170 0.400 1.500 196.73 201.06 118
Vy,d= 0.00 0.195 0.400 1.500 191.73 224.40 115
18.5
Vx,c= 3 0.173 0.400 1.500 210.07 218.55 126
Vx,d= 0.00 0.331 0.400 1.500 397.91 413.37 125
Vy,c= 0.00 0.170 0.400 1.500 196.73 201.06 118
Vy,d= 0.00 0.195 0.400 1.500 191.73 224.40 115
23.0
Vx,c= 3 0.173 0.400 1.500 210.07 218.55 126
Vx,d= 0.00 0.393 0.400 1.500 483.86 490.87 125
Vy,c= 0.00 0.170 0.400 1.500 196.73 201.06 118
Vy,d= 0.00 0.195 0.400 1.500 191.73 224.40 115
40.2
Vx,c= 0 0.173 0.400 1.500 210.07 218.55 126
Vx,d= 0.00 0.698 0.400 1.500 835.94 872.66 125
Vy,c= 0.00 0.170 0.400 1.500 196.73 201.06 118
Vy,d= 0.00 0.195 0.400 1.500 191.73 224.40 115
43.1
Vx,c= 8 0.173 0.400 1.500 210.07 218.55 126
Vx,d= 0.00 0.785 0.400 1.500 904.36 981.75 125
Vy,c= 0.00 0.170 0.400 1.500 196.73 201.06 118
Vy,d= 0.00 0.195 0.400 1.500 191.73 224.40 115
42.8
Vx,c= 5 0.173 0.400 1.500 210.07 218.55 126
Vx,d= 0.00 0.785 0.400 1.500 898.05 981.75 125
Vy,c= 0.00 0.170 0.400 1.500 196.73 201.06 118
Vy,d= 0.00 0.195 0.400 1.500 191.73 224.40 115
45.3
Vx,c= 9 0.173 0.400 1.500 210.07 218.55 126
Vx,d= 0.00 0.785 0.400 1.500 953.41 981.75 125
Vy,c= 0.00 0.170 0.400 1.500 196.73 201.06 118
Vy,d= 0.00 0.195 0.400 1.500 191.73 224.40 115
16.8
Vx,c= 2 0.173 0.400 1.150 210.07 218.55 126
Vx,d= 0.00 0.224 0.400 1.150 277.21 280.50 125
Vy,c= 0.00 0.170 0.400 1.150 196.73 201.06 118
Vy,d= 0.00 0.195 0.400 1.150 191.73 224.40 115
20.9
Vx,c= 7 0.173 0.400 1.500 210.07 218.55 126
Vx,d= 0.00 0.370 0.400 1.500 444.78 462.00 125
Vy,c= 0.00 0.170 0.400 1.500 196.73 201.06 118
Vy,d= 0.00 0.195 0.400 1.500 191.73 224.40 115
20.9
Vx,c= 7 0.173 0.400 1.500 210.07 218.55 126
Vx,d= 0.00 0.370 0.400 1.500 444.78 462.00 125
Vy,c= 0.00 0.170 0.400 1.500 196.73 201.06 118
Vy,d= 0.00 0.195 0.400 1.500 191.73 224.40 115
20.9
Vx,c= 7 0.173 0.400 1.500 210.07 218.55 126
Vx,d= 0.00 0.370 0.400 1.500 444.78 462.00 125
Vy,c= 0.00 0.170 0.400 1.500 196.73 201.06 118
Vy,d= 0.00 0.195 0.400 1.500 191.73 224.40 115
3.1.5 Check for Deflection

• L/d(required) =1.3(11+1.5( 20 )0.5 *0.447/0.275 +3.2( 20)0.5 ((0.447/0.275)-1)

= 1.3(21.498 + 19.283)

=1.3*40.784 *1.25 ……….1.25…corrected factor

= 66.26

• L/d(actual) = Lx *1000 / d
= 3*1000/125

= 24……………….ok

L/d required > L/d actual …SAFE!!!

Slab
L/d
Type
Panel Ly Lx Ly/Lx (req) L/d (Act) d
Type
= 1 144.255 23.810 126
Two
1 5.2 3 1.73 138.979 24.000 125
Way
1 S-1 1 145.742 25.424 118
1 29.498 26.087 115
Type 5.7 3 1.90 Two
= 1 Way 144.255 23.810 126
1 54.181 24.000 125
1 S-2 1 145.742 48.305 118
 1 58.119 49.565 115
Type
= 1 142.367 40.079 126
Two
1 5.7 5.05 1.13 50.211 40.400 125
Way
1 S-3 1 49.658 42.797 118
1 37.157 43.913 115
Type
= 3 141.894 40.079 126
Two
1 5.2 5.05 1.03 98.461 40.400 125
Way
1 S-4 1 126.817 44.068 118
1 31.316 45.217 115
Type
= 1 144.255 39.683 126
Two
1 5.2 5 1.04 69.342 40.000 125
Way
1 S-5 1 143.171 42.373 118
1 31.118 43.478 115
Type
= 1 144.255 39.683 126
Two
1 5.7 5 1.14 78.207 40.000 125
Way
1 S-6 1 118.983 42.373 118
1 29.127 43.478 115
Type
= 1 131.949 39.683 126
Two
1 5.7 5 1.14 141.431 40.000 125
Way
1 S-7 1 143.171 48.305 118
1 37.157 49.565 115
Type 5.2 5 1.04 Two
= 1 Way 144.255 39.683 126
1 105.971 40.000 125
1 S-8 1 105.200 44.068 118
 1 29.146 45.217 115
Type
= 1 144.255 39.683 126
Two
1 5.2 5 1.04 34.835 40.000 125
Way
1 S-9 1 143.171 44.068 118
1 30.474 45.217 115
Type
= C 38.468 9.524 126
0 1.5 1.2 1.25 Catilever 8.580 9.600 125
0 C 1 38.865 10.169 118
1 35.969 10.435 115
Type
= C 38.468 9.524 126
0 5.2 1.2 4.33 Catilever 9.484 9.600 125
1 C 1 38.865 10.169 118
0 35.969 10.435 115
Type
= C 38.468 9.524 126
0 5.2 1.2 4.33 Catilever 10.820 9.600 125
1 C 1 38.865 10.169 118
1 35.969 10.435 115
Type
= C 38.468 9.524 126
0 5.7 1.2 4.75 Catilever 9.694 9.600 125
1 C 1 38.865 10.169 118
1 35.969 10.435 115
Type 1.5 1.2 1.25 Catilever
= C 38.468 9.524 126
0 19.817 9.600 125
1 C 0 38.865 10.169 118
 1 35.969 10.435 115
Type
= C 38.468 11.905 126
1 3 1.5 2.00 Catilever 11.583 12.000 125
1 C 0 38.865 12.712 118
1 35.969 13.043 115
Type
= C 38.468 11.905 126
1 5.05 1.5 3.37 Catilever 11.583 12.000 125
1 C 0 38.865 12.712 118
1 35.969 13.043 115
Type
= C 38.468 11.905 126
1 5 1.5 3.33 Catilever 8.512 12.000 125
1 C 0 38.865 12.712 118
1 35.969 13.043 115
Type
= C 38.468 11.905 126
1 5 1.5 3.33 Catilever 8.839 12.000 125
1 C 0 38.865 12.712 118
1 35.969 13.043 115
Type
= C 38.468 8.175 126
1 1.5 1.03 1.46 Catilever 26.546 8.240 125
1 C 0 38.865 8.729 118
0 35.969 8.957 115
Type C 5.7 1.03 5.53 Catilever
= 38.468 8.175 126
1 37.715 8.240 125
1 C 1 38.865 8.729 118
 0 35.969 8.957 115
Type
= C 38.468 11.905 126
1 5.33 1.5 3.55 Catilever 11.499 12.000 125
1 C 1 38.865 12.712 118
0 35.969 13.043 115
Type
= C 38.468 11.905 126
1 5.2 1.5 3.47 Catilever 14.648 12.000 125
1 C 1 38.865 12.712 118
0 35.969 13.043 115
Type
= C 38.468 11.905 126
1 1.5 1.5 1.00 Catilever 11.583 12.000 125
0 C 1 38.865 12.712 118
0 35.969 13.043 115
Type
= C 38.468 11.905 126
1 5 1.5 3.33 Catilever 8.545 12.000 125
0 C 1 38.865 12.712 118
1 35.969 13.043 115
Type
= C 38.468 11.905 126
1 5 1.5 3.33 Catilever 8.562 12.000 125
0 C 1 38.865 12.712 118
1 35.969 13.043 115
Type C 5.05 1.5 3.37 Catilever
= 38.468 11.905 126
1 8.622 12.000 125
0 C 1 38.865 12.712 118
 1 35.969 13.043 115
Type
= C 38.468 11.905 126
1 3 1.5 2.00 Catilever 8.122 12.000 125
0 C 1 38.865 12.712 118
1 35.969 13.043 115
Type
= C 38.468 9.127 126
1 2.2 1.15 1.91 Catilever 25.038 9.200 125
1 C 1 38.865 9.746 118
0 35.969 10.000 115
Type
= C 38.468 11.905 126
1 10.1 1.5 6.73 Catilever 12.724 12.000 125
1 C 0 38.865 12.712 118
0 35.969 13.043 115
Type
= C 38.468 11.905 126
0 2.3 1.5 1.53 Catilever 12.724 12.000 125
1 C 1 38.865 12.712 118
1 35.969 13.043 115
Type
= C 38.468 11.905 126
1 10.1 1.5 6.73 Catilever 12.724 12.000 125
0 C 1 38.865 12.712 118
1 35.969 13.043 115
 CHAPTER FOUR
DESIGN STAIR CASE
4.1 STAIRES
Stairs are structures which provide access to different floor levels. It is one of the structural elements
constructed with steps rising without a break from floor to floor or with steps rising to landing between
floors with a serious of steps rising further from the landing to floor above. It is also sloping one way
spanning slab. Stairs are different in their mode of planning. It can be straight flight with or without
landing, quarter turn, half turn (also called doglegged or scissor type), open well (if well type opening
exists), or it can be geometric stair (free standing stairs). For the purpose of passage over the different
floor levels one stair case is provided for this residential purpose building. This stair starts at ground
level and leads to the open terrace. It has a landing supported by a beam and an inclined part
continuous with slab. Hence, it is modeled as it is fixed on the inclined part and as simply supported on
the other side.

The available data we have are:

  Thickness of the marble = 30mm (used for landing, riser and thread finishing).
 Thickness of plastering = 30mm
 Thickness of cement screed = 30mm
 Live load = 3kN/m2
 Material: C-20/25, S-400
 Concrete cover = 25 cm

About stair
 Height of riser = 15cm
 Length of thread = 28cm
 Height of stair = 3.2
 Height of a single flight = 3.2m/2 = 1.6 m
 Horizontal length of flight = 1.694m
 Number of riser in one flight = 7
1.6
 Slope angle of the stair = Ꝋ = tan-1( ) = 43.365°
1.694
  1.694 1.155
1.25

d=1.7
cm

4.1.1 Load calculation for stair

Load calculation Per 1m strip:

D.L @ inclined
Waist load = (γ concrete* t )/ cosꝊ + γ plastering*t =25*0.17/ cos 43.365° + 23*0.03
= 6.536 KN/m
Steps = 0.5* γ concrete * H riser = 0.5*25 * 0.15 = 1.875 KN/m
Riser = riser [Link] + riser ff
= (γ c .screed * t * H riser * Lall threads) + (γ marble * t * H riser * Lall threads)
= 23*0.03*0.15*1.69 + 27*0.03*0.15*1.69
= 0.38 KN/m
Thread = riser [Link] + riser ff
= γ c .screed * t + γ marble * t
= 23*0.03 + 27*0.03
= 1.5 KN/m

Total dead load on flight (inclined) = 6.11+2.13+1.09+1.5 = 10.23 KN/m

Design load on flight

Dead load = 10.23KN/m

Live load = 3KN/m

Pd = 1.35GK +1.5QK = 1.35*10.23 + 1.5*3

= 18.31KN/m
D.L @ landing
Landing = self waight + [Link] + [Link] + plastering
= γ conc *t + γ c .screed *t + γ marble* t + γ plastering*t
= 25*0.17 + 23*0.03 + 27*0.03 + 23*0.03
= 6.44 KN/m
Design load on landing
Dead load = 6.44 KN/m

Live load = 3 KN/m

Pd = 1.35GK +1.5QK = 1.35*6.44 + 1.5*3

= 13.19 KN/m