NIAZI MEDICAL & DENTAL COLLEGE,

SARGODHA

STUDY GUIDE
FOUNDATION -1 MODULE
1ST YEAR MBBS
ACADEMIC SESSION 2025-26
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DISCLAIMER

 Developing a study guide is a dynamic process and undergoes iteration according to

the needs and priorities.

 This study guide is subjected to the change and modification over the whole academic
year.

 However, students are advised to use it as a guide for respective modules.

 It is to declare that the learning objectives (general and specific) and the distribution of
assessment tools (both theory and practical) are obtained from Niazi Medical College,
Sargodha. These can be obtained from: [Link]

 The time tables are for guiding purpose. It is to advise that final timetables are always
displayed over the notice boards of each lecture hall.

 Students are encouraged to provide feedback via module coordinator.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

S No Content Page No
1. Module Committee 3
2. Introduction to Study Guide 4
3. Integrated Curriculum 4
4. Organization of Module 5
5. Integrated Disciplines in Module 6
6. Module Outcomes 7
7. Themes 8
8. Specific Learning Objectives 9
9. Assessment tools 30
10. Professional Examination Criteria 31
11. Marks Distribution 32
12. Table of Specification 32
13. Resources 33
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MODULE COMMITTEE

[Link] Name Department Role

1. Prof. Dr. Haider Raza Principal

Dr. Sadaf konain Associate Professor & HoD

2. DME
Ansari DME

3. Dr. Farheen Zehra DME Senior Demonstrator

Module Team

4. Prof. Dr. M. Ashraf Biochemistry Block Coordinator

5. Ms. Gul Zareen Asifa Biochemistry Module coore=dinator

6. D. Sadaf Konain DME Module Developer

7. Dr. Farheen Zehra DME Module Developer

Prof. Dr. Rukhasana

8. Anatomy Module Developer
Jabeen
Prof. Dr. Shamoun
9. Physiology Member
Razi

10. Prof. Dr Javed Awan Anatomy Member

11. Prof. Dr. Faisal Biochemistry Member

Prof. Dr. Tabinda

12. Physiology Member
Kazmi
Prof. Dr. Nadeem
13. Pharmacology Member
Yaqoob

14. Prof. Dr. Abdul Razzaq Community Medicine Member

15. Dr. Amna Javed Pathology Member

Psychiatry (Behavioral
16. Dr. Maj. (Rt) Amin Member
Science)
17. Dr. Rabia Mushtaq Gynecology Member
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INTRODUCTION TO STUDY GUIDE

It is an aid to Inform students how student learning program of the module has been organized, to
help students organize and manage their studies throughout the module and guide students on
assessment methods, rules and regulations.

The Study Guide:

 Communicates information on organization and management of the module.
 This will help the student to contact the right person in case of any difficulty.
 Defines the objectives which are expected to be achieved at the end of the module.
 Identifies the learning strategies such as lectures, small group teachings.

Module Outcomes:
 Provides a list of learning resources such as books, computer-assisted learning programs,
web links, and journals, for students to consult in order to maximize their learning.
 Highlights information on the contribution of continuous on the student’s overall performance.
 Includes information on the assessment methods that will be held to determine every
student’s performance.

Achievement of Objectives:
- Focuses on information pertaining to examination policy, rules and regulations.

Students will experience an integrated curriculum.

Integrated Curriculum:
An integrated curriculum is all about making connections, whether to real life or across the
disciplines, about skills or about knowledge. An integrated curriculum fuses subject areas,
experiences, and real-life knowledge together to make a more fulfilling and tangible learning
environment for students. Integrated teaching means that subjects are presented as a meaningful
whole. Students will be able to have better understanding of basic sciences when they repeatedly
learn in relation to clinical examples. Case based discussions, computer-based assignments, early
exposure to clinics, wards, and skills acquisition in skills lab are characteristics of integrated teaching
program.
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ORGANIZATION OF MODULE
Introduction

The cell is a structural and functional unit of life and has a role in normal homeostasis ensuring
appropriate cellular functions. Hence, this module has been designed to introduce a blend of
molecular, genetic, anatomical, physiological, and psychosocial information essential for developing
a perspective on the function of the human body in health and disease. Besides, an initial orientation
to pharmacology and pathology subject has been provided so that students are able to use this
information in the coming modules.
This study guide has been developed to help guide you and keep you focused on the objectives for
this module.
Welcome to the field of medicine and hope that the journey ahead will be exciting and fulfilling for
you all!!

Teaching and learning strategies:

The following teaching / learning methods are used to promote better understanding:
1. Interactive Lectures
2. Hospital / Clinic visits
3. Small Group Discussion
4. Practical
5. Skills session in skill labs
6. Case-Based Learning (tutorials)
7. Directed Self-Learning

 Interactive lectures:
An interactive lecture is an easy way for instructors to intellectually engage and involve students
as active participants in a lecture - based class of any size.

 Hospital / Clinic visits:

In small groups, students observe patients with signs and symptoms in hospital or clinical
settings. This helps students to relate knowledge of basic and clinical sciences of the relevant
module.

 Small group discussion (SGD):

Students learn from each other. Everyone gets more practice at expressing their ideas. A two-
way discussion is almost always more creative than individual thoughts. Social skills are
practiced in a 'safe' environment e.g. tolerance, cooperation.

 Skills session:
Skills relevant to respective module are observed and practiced where applicable in skills
laboratory or Laboratories of various departments.

 Case Based Learning (CBL):

A small group discussion format where learning is focused on a series of questions based on
a clinical scenario. Students discuss and answer the questions by applying relevant knowledge
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gained previously in clinical and basic health sciences during the module and construct new
knowledge. The CBD will be provided by the concerned department. It is an active learning &
teaching strategy which promotes application of foundational knowledge in relevant clinical
scenarios.

 Directed Self-learning (DSL):

Directed Self-learning, which involves studying with indirect supervision in a classroom/Library,
is a valuable way to learn and is quickly growing in popularity among parents and students.
Students’ assume responsibilities of their own learning through individual study, sharing and
discussing with peers, seeking information from Learning Resource Centre, teachers and
resource persons within and outside the college. Students can utilize the time within the college
scheduled hours of self-study.

INTEGRATING DISCIPLINES OF FOUNDATION I MODULE

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MODULE OUTCOMES

By the end of Foundation I module, students of 1st year MBBS will be able to

 Describe the microscopic features of nerve cells, muscle cells, general features of epithelia
of the body.
 Appraise the functional characteristics of various components of cell membrane and
organelles of cell.
 Differentiate between the dynamics of various transport mechanisms along the cell
membrane.
 Compare the functional differences between RBCs, WBCs and blood groups.
 Explain the significance of homeostatic mechanisms in keeping body's internal environment
nearly constant.
 Evaluate the formation and functions of autonomic nervous system.
 Correlate the structural design of each organ to its function.
 Acquire information about the different fascial planes in the different regions of the body &
their surgical importance.
 Use descriptive anatomical terms of position to describe the different body structures in
relation to each other.
 Describe the movements of body using proper anatomical terms of movement.
 Describe and demonstrate the various bony landmarks.
 Describe the types of joints and correlate them to the mechanisms of movement.
 Categorize bones, joints, and muscles according to their structural composition, functional
significance, and evolutionary origins.
 Analyze muscle-associated structures and elucidate their functional interrelationships.
 Systematically classify and describe the cardiovascular system, highlighting its functional
integration.
 Expand on the anatomical foundations relevant to radiological and cross-sectional imaging.
 Investigate the clinic-pathological implications of apoptosis in health and disease contexts.
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MODULE THEMES

S. No Theme Duration

1. Cell Chemistry 1 week

2. Cell Transport 1 week

3. Hemostasis & Blood 1 week

1 week
4. Body’s Defense System

1 week
5. Structural & Tissue Organization

1 week
6. Growth & Development
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SPECIFIC LEARNING OBJECTIVES

ANATOMY
GENERAL ANATOMY
Teaching Levels
Topic Specific Learning Objectives Assessment
strategy C/P/A
Briefly describe the applied branches of SGD C2 MCQs,
anatomy. (Dissection OSVE, OSPE
Describe the "Anatomical Position". Hall & C2
Museum)
Introduction to Describe the anatomical planes of body. C2
General Describe the terms of relationship, C2
Anatomy commonly used in Anatomy.
Describe the anatomical terms used C2
specifically for Limbs.
Describe the terms related to movements C2
Describe, identify, and exemplify the SGD C2 MCQs,
general morphological features of bones. (Dissection OSVE, OSPE
Describe the developmental classification Hall & C2
of bones. Museum)
Describe the regional classification of C2
bones.
Describe the morphological classification C2
of bones.
Describe and exemplify Sesamoid, C2
Pneumatic, Wormian and Heterotopic
bones.
Bones Describe the general features of adult C2
typical long bone.
(Osteology) Describe the types of epiphyses C2
Discuss the general concept of C2
ossification (primary and secondary
centers and rule of ossification)
Describe the relationship of growing end C2
of bones with the direction of nutrient
foramen
Describe the blood supply of various C2
types of bones.
Describe the salient features of common C2
types of fractures and basic concept of
healing of fracture.
Describe the general features of cartilage SGD C2 MCQs,
and its importance in gross anatomy. (Dissection OSPE, OSVE
Cartilage Describe the subtypes and gross features Hall & C2
(Chondrology) Museum)
of Hyaline, elastic and fibro Cartilage.
Differentiate the three types of cartilages C2
Explain with examples the structural SGD C2 MCQs,
Joints classification of Joints (synovial, (Dissection OSPE, OSVE
(Arthrology) cartilaginous & fibrous) along with their Hall &
sub-classification. Museum)
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Describe the components and C2

characteristic features of a Synovial
Joints.
Describe the blood supply, innervation of C2
Synovial Joints, cartilaginous joints, and
fibrous joints.
List the factors stabilizing a synovial joint. C2
Define common joint injuries and C1
diseases
Describe the structure and function of SGD C2 MCQs,
Skin on the basis of its two layers; (Dissection OSPE, OSVE
Epidermis and Dermis Hall &
Describe the structure of Hair as an Museum) C2
appendage of skin.
Describe the structure of Nail as an C2
appendage of skin.
Integumentary Describe the structure of Sweat and C2
System Sebaceous Glands
Describe the structure and function of C2
Superficial Fascia
Describe the structure, function, and C2
modifications of Deep Fascia
Describe important clinical correlates of C2
skin (skin infections, sebaceous cyst, skin
burns and skin grafting)
Classify muscle tissue based on SGD C2 MCQs,
structure, function and development. (Dissection OSPE, OSVE
Describe somatic and visceral muscles. Hall & C2
Museum)
Describe and differentiate the red and C2
white variety of skeletal muscles.
Classify the skeletal muscles based on C2
architecture.
Classify skeletal muscle based on action. C2

Myology Describe the parts of a skeletal muscle. C2

Describe the basic organization of C2
innervation to skeletal, smooth, and
cardiac muscle.
Differentiate the basic organization of C2
skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscle.
Describe the structure of Synovial Bursae C2
Comprehend the meaning of hypertrophy, C3
hemiplegia, quadriplegia, paraplegia, and
hemiparesis.
Classify the types of blood circulation. SGD C2 MCQs,
(Dissection OSPE, OSVE
Classify various types of blood vessels. Hall & C2
Describe with examples various types of Museum) C2
Vascular
anastomoses.
System
Explain the importance of End arteries C2
(Angiology)
Describe the general organization of C2
lymphatic circulation.
Define the terms: Lymphoid Tissue, C1
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Tissue Fluid, Lymphatic, Capillaries,

Lymph and Lymphatic Vessels.
Define the terms; Lymphangitis, C1
Lymphadenitis.
Define neuron. SGD C1 MCQs,
(Dissection OSPE, OSVE
Describe the anatomical structure of a Hall & C2
neuron. Museum)
Classify neurons based on morphology C2
with examples.
Classify neurons based on function. C2
Describe the components of the central C2
nervous system.
Enumerate the supporting cells C1
(neuroglia) of the central nervous system.
Describe the structure and functions of C2
the neuroglia of the central nervous
system.
Enumerate the supporting cells C1
(neuroglia) of the peripheral nervous
system.
Nervous Tissue Describe the structure and functions of C2
(Neurology) the neuroglia of the peripheral nervous
system.
Enlist the cranial nerves I to XII. C1
Describe the types of nerve fibers carried C2
by and distribution of the cranial nerves.
Describe the formation, types of C2
modalities carried by, and distribution of
the spinal nerves.
Explain dermatome and myotome. C2
Describe the formation of Plexuses. C2
Differentiate between Somatic and C2
Visceral nervous system.
Define Receptors. C1
Describe the functions of receptors. C2
Classify sensory receptors based on C2
modality (with location).
Identify displacement of fracture SGD C2/ P OSPE
Radiology segments of the bone. (Dissection
Identify dislocation of joints. Hall & C2/P
Museum)
EMBRYOLOGY & POST- NATAL DEVELOPMENT
Teaching Levels
Topic Specific Learning objectives Assessment
strategy C/P/A
Define chromosome theory of inheritance LGIS C2 MCQs, ,
Enlist different stages of Mitosis and OSVE, OSPE
Cell division & C1
Meiosis
Chromosomal Compare and contrast Mitosis and C2
Abnormalities Meiosis
Enlist the numerical chromosomal C2
anomalies
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Describe the anatomical basis for C2

numerical chromosomal abnormalities.
Describe the clinical presentation of C2
numerical chromosomal abnormalities
along with their embryological
CBL
justification.
Apply knowledge of chromosomal
abnormalities to solve a clinical scenario.
Describe the clinical presentation of C2
structural chromosomal abnormalities
along with their embryological
justification.
Describe the embryological basis for C2
mosaicism
Describe the embryological basis for C2
teratoma
Describe Concept of Gene Mutation. C2
Enlist common diagnostic techniques for C1
identifying genetic abnormalities.
Define chromosome theory of C1
inheritance.
Describe spermatogenesis and LGIS C2 MCQs, ,
spermiogenesis. OSVE, OSPE
Describe the embryological basis for C2
Abnormal gamete.
Describe the prenatal and postnatal C2
Gametogenesis maturation of oocyte.
Describe the significance of arrested C2
development of oocyte.
Compare and contrast oogenesis and C2
spermatogenesis.
Describe the hormonal control of female LGIS C2 MCQs, ,
reproductive cycles OSVE, OSPE
Describe the steps of the ovarian cycle. C2
Describe the process of ovulation. C2
Female
Reproductive Describe the formation, function and fate C2
Cycle of corpus luteum.
Define Mittelschmerz pain. C1
Define menstrual cycle. C1
Describe the phases of menstrual cycle. C2
Describe the transportation of Oocyte LGIS C2 MCQs, ,
Describe Capacitation & Acrosomal C2 OSVE, OSPE
Reaction
Define fertilization C1
Fertilization
Describe the phases of fertilization C2
Draw and label a diagram illustrating the C2
phases of fertilization
Describe the results of fertilization. C2
Cleavage, Describe the process of cleavage of LGIS C2 MCQs, ,
Blastocyst embryo and blastocyst formation OSVE, OSPE
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Formation Describe the origin and uses of C2

embryonic stem cells.
Discuss techniques of obtaining these C2
cells from the embryo (reproductive
cloning & therapeutic cloning)
Explain the embryological basis of C2
spontaneous abortion.
Compare and contrast the villi. C2
Describe the process of Compaction. C2
Describe the formation of morula C2
(division into inner and outer cell mass)
Describe the Uterus at the time of LGIS C2 MCQs, ,
implantation (decidua reaction). OSVE, OSPE
Illustrate the concept of Implantation. C2
Describe the Abnormal implantation/ C2
extra uterine implantations.
Implantation Define the Molar pregnancy. C1
Utero-Placental Describe the formation of amniotic cavity, C2
circulation embryonic disc, and umbilical vesicle
Describe the formation of chorionic sac.
Describe the Uterus at the time of C2
implantation (decidua reaction).
Describe the establishment of utero- LGIS C2 MCQs, ,
placental circulation. OSVE, OSPE
Describe the Formation & fate of primitive LGIS C2
streak.
Draw a concept map highlighting the C2
sequence of events responsible for
transformation of bilaminar germ disc into
Gastrulation
trilaminar germ disc.
Justify the embryological basis of C3
sacrococcygeal teratoma.
Describe the molecular factors C2
responsible for gastrulation.
Describe the Invagination and movement LGIS C2 MCQs, ,
of pre-notochordal cells. OSVE, OSPE
Describe the notochordal plate formation. C2
Describe the neuroenteric canal C2
formation.
Describe the fate of the notochord. C2
Formation of
Describe the establishment of body axis. C2
Notochord
Draw and label the fate map C2
establishment.
Describe the fate map establishment. C2
Describe the molecular basis for C2
notochord formation.
Describe the role of notochord as an C2
inducer.
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Justify the embryological basis for situs C3

inversus, Sirenjomelia,
holoprosencephaly.
Describe the development of trophoblast C2
and chorionic villi during 3rd week of
development.
Describe the formation of neural tube LGIS C2 MCQs, ,
from neural plate. OSVE, OSPE
Justify embryologically the clinical picture C3
seen in various neural tube defects.
Describe the process of Migration of C2
neural crest cells.
Derivatives of Enlist the derivatives of neural tube. C1
Ectoderm Enlist the derivatives of neural crest cells. C1
Enlist the ectodermal derivatives. C1
Describe the fate of each derivative of
neural tube.
Describe the molecular and genetic C2
factors for the process of neurulation.
Describe important neural tube defects. C2
Describe the differentiation of mesoderm LGIS C2 MCQs, ,
into its constituting components. OSVE, OSPE
Describe the somite formation and its C2
Mesodermal fate.
Derivatives Describe the estimation of age by somite. C2
Describe the formation of intra-embryonic C2
coelom.
Describe the processes of LGIS C2 MCQs, ,
vasculogenesis & angiogenesis. OSVE, OSPE
Early Explain the features of primordial C2
development of
cardiovascular system.
CVS
Describe the anatomical justification for C2
capillary hemangiomas.
Describe the Cephalo-caudal folding. LGIS C2 MCQs, ,
Describe the Lateral folding. C2 OSVE, OSPE
Describe the Regulation of embryonic C2
development by Homeo Box genes.
Enlist the characteristic features of the C1
Folding of
embryo during 2nd month.
Embryo
Describe the criteria for estimating the C2
developmental staging in human
embryos.
Explain the estimation of gestational & C2
embryonic age.
Enlist the derivatives of germ layers. LGIS C1 MCQs, ,
Germ Layers Describe the Derivatives of intermediate C2 OSVE, OSPE
and lateral plate mesoderm.
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Describe the derivatives of endoderm. C2

Describe the derivatives of ectoderm. C2
Explain the measurement & LGIS C2 MCQs, ,
characteristics of fetus. OSVE, OSPE
Describe the overview of external C2
appearance of fetus during fetal period.
Enlist developmental horizons during fetal C1
life event.
Fetal Period Describe viability of fetuses and low birth C2
weight babies
Explain the factors influencing fetal C2
growth
Describe the clinical problems C2
encountered by babies born with IUGR
(Intra Uterine Growth Restriction)
List the fetal membranes. LGIS C1 MCQs, ,
Describe the macroscopic & microscopic C2 OSVE, OSPE
features of decidua.
Enlist the various parts of decidua C1
functionally correlate the parts of the
decidua with its structure.
Describe the changes in the trophoblast C2
leading to the development of placenta.
Describe the structure (macroscopic & C2
Placenta microscopic) of placenta.
Correlate the functions of placenta with its C3
structure.
Describe the microscopic anatomy of C2
placental membrane.
Describe the Ppacental circulation (fetal & C2
maternal).
Embryologically justify the hemolytic C3
disease of the neonate (Erythroblastosis
fetalis).
Describe the functions of placenta. C2
Describe the formation & fate of Umbilical LGIS MCQs, ,
cord. OSVE, OSPE
Describe the cord abnormalities. C2
Justify embryologically the clinical C3
features observed in Absence of umbilical
artery.
Fetal Describe the formation and circulation of C2
Membranes
amniotic fluid.
Describe the Procedure of diagnostic C2
amniocentesis.
Explain the significance of amniotic fluid. C2
Describe the factors responsible for C2
Polyhydramnios and oligohydramnios.
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Describe the consequences of C2

oligohydramnios and polyhydramnios
Define Amniotic Bands.
Explain the formation and fate of umbilical C2
vesicle (yolk sac) .
Define Physiological Umbilical Hernia. C1
Describe the development of Dizygotic LGIS C2 MCQs, ,
twins. OSVE, OSPE
Describe the development of C2
Monozygotic twins.
Multiple Describe the fetal membranes in twin C2
pregnancies pregnancy.
Describe Fetus Papyraceous. C2
Explain the zygosity of the twins. C2
Describe the characteristics of various C2
types of conjoined monozygotic twins.
Define preterm Birth. LGIS C1 MCQs, ,
Describe parturition & three stages of C2 OSVE
Labor.
Describe various methods of prenatal C2
Prenatal diagnosis.
Diagnosis and Describe the fetal therapy. C2
Fetal Therapy Describe Maternal serum Screening. C2
Correlate levels of Alpha feto-protein with C3
different fetal anomalies.
Describe stem cell transplantation and C2
gene therapy.
Define morphogens, protein kinases, LGIS C1 MCQs, ,
notch delta pathway, transcription factors, OSVE
epigenetics.
Define teratology and causes of birth C1
defects
Define genomic imprinting C1
Define human disorders associated with C2
genetic mutations.
Describe birth defects caused by genetic C2
Molecular numerical and structural anomalies.
regulations & Define and enlist the teratogens C1
Teratogenicity Describe the role of following in causing C2
teratogenicity in humans:
1. Drugs
2. Environmental agents
3. Chemicals & heavy metals
4. Infectious agents
5. Radiation
6. Hormones
7. Maternal diseases
Describe the basis for male-mediated C2
teratogens
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Describe prevention of birth defects. C2

Describe the USG (Ultrasonography) SGD C2
report for the:
 Fetal features, fetal age estimation,
Radiology placental
 attachment with variations, fetal
membranes and
 multiple pregnancies
MICROSCOPIC ANATOMY (HISTOLOGY)
Teaching
Specific Learning Objectives Levels
Topic Assessment
strategy C/P/A
Describe the electron microscopic LGIS C2 MCQs, ,
structure and fluid mosaic model of OSVE, OSPE
plasma membrane.
Draw the fluid mosaic model of plasma C2
membrane.
Cell Membrane Describe the structure of glycocalyx coat C2
and lipid raft and correlate it with function.
Describe different types of membrane C2
proteins and their functions.
Explain different modes of transport C2
across the cell membrane.
List the membranous and non- LGIS C1 MCQs, ,
membranous cellular organelles OSVE, OSPE
Describe the structure of the following C2
cellular organelles and correlate with
their function:
1. Ribosomes
2. Endoplasmic reticulum (rough &
smooth)
3. Golgi apparatus
4. Lysosomes
5. Proteasomes
Cell Organelles 6. Mitochondria
7. Peroxisomes
Describe the structural components of C2
cytoskeleton, and correlate them with
their functions.
Explain the histological basis of immotile C2
cilia syndrome.
Describe the histological features of C2
cytoplasmic inclusions.
Describe the structure of nuclear C2
envelope and nuclear pores.
Describe the structure of chromatin. LGIS C2 MCQs, ,
Cell Nucleus Describe the structure of chromosome. C2 OSVE, OSPE
Describe the structure of nucleolus. C2
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Describe the structure and types of DNA C2

(Deoxy Ribonucleic Acid) and RNA
(Ribonucleic Acid).
Describe the histological basis for C2
apoptosis and necrosis.
Describe structure of different types of C2
cell junctions.
Describe the cell cycle & cell division. C2
Describe the histological structure and LGIS C2 MCQs, ,
function of basement membrane (light OSVE, OSPE
and electron).
Draw and label a diagram illustrating the C2
electron microscopic structure of
basement membrane.
Describe the basal surface modifications C2
of epithelia.
Describe the electron microscopic C2
structure and functions of intercellular
junctions (lateral surface modifications)
along with their locations.
Describe the Biochemical composition of C2
the basolateral modifications. LGIS
Describe the electron microscopic C2
Epithelium structure & functions of the following
apical cell surface specializations:
1. Microvilli
2. Stereocilia
3. Cilia
Classify epithelia with their histological C2
structure, locations, functions and LGIS
examples.
Describe the structure of exocrine glands. C2
Explain the mechanism of transport C2
across the epithelia.
Describe the classification of exocrine C2
glands on the basis of:
 Shape of secretory portions and
ducts
 Mode of secretion
 Type of secretion
Describe the composition and LGIS C2 MCQs, ,
constituents of connective tissue. OSVE, OSPE
Describe the composition of ground C2
substance of connective tissue.
Connective Describe the composition, distribution, C2
Tissue
and function of glycosaminoglycans in
connective tissue.
Describe connective tissue fibers, cells. C2
Define Fibrosis. C1
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Describe the structure, distribution, and C2

functions of the cells of macrophage
mononuclear phagocytic system.
Classify the connective tissue with C2
examples.
Describe the role of macrophages in C2
innate immunity & formation of foreign
body Giant cell.
Describe the structure & functions of Mast C2
cells. Role of Mast cells in immediate
hypersensitivity reactions.
Describe structure of Plasma cells and C2
their role in antibody formation.
Describe the types of adipose tissue C2
(white & brown), their histogenesis,
locations and function
Describe lipid storage and mobilization in C2
and from adipocytes.
Compare the brown and white adipose C2
tissue.
MICROSCOPIC ANATOMY (HISTOLOGY) PRACTICAL
Teaching Levels
Topic Specific Learning Objectives Assessment
strategy C/P/A
Describe different types of staining Practical C2 / P Integrated
Staining techniques and their significance with OSPE
Techniques special emphasis on H&E (Hematoxylin
and Eosin) staining.
Enlist important features of different parts Practical C2 / P
Microscope of light microscope.
Identify different cell shapes under the Practical C2/P
microscope.
Cell Shapes
Draw & label different cell shapes under C2 / P
the microscope.
Identify under light microscope. Practical C2 / P Integrated
Draw & Label the different types of OSPE
epithelia (simple squamous, simple
cuboidal , simple columnar (ciliated &
Epithelia non-ciliated) , pseudostratified columnar
(ciliated & non-ciliated), stratified
squamous (keratinized & non keratinized)
, stratified cuboidal , stratified columnar
& transitional)
Identify serous & mucous secreting Practical C2 / P Integrated
Glands glands under light microscope. OSPE
Draw a labelled diagram of these glands.
Identify connective under light Practical C2 / P Integrated
Connective microscope. OSPE
Tissue Draw a labelled diagram of connective
tissue.
FOUNDATION– I MODULE
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PHYSIOLOGY
Teaching Levels
Topic Specific Learning Objectives Assessment
strategy C/P/A
Define Homeostasis LGIS / C1 MCQs, ,
SGD OSVE, OSPE
Explain control system of body by giving C2
examples.
Differentiate between Extracellular and C3
Hemostasis Intracellular Fluids.
Explain the positive and negative C2
feedback mechanisms with examples. CBL
Explain the significance of feed forward/ C2
adaptive control/delayed negative
feedback mechanisms.
Define normal body temperature, LGIS C1
mechanism of heat production and heat
Temperature loss.
Describe regulation of body temperature C2
Regulation
(role of hypothalamus)
Explain abnormalities of body C2
temperature regulation
Explain the structure of cell membrane. LGIS C2 MCQs, OSVE
Enlist the types of cell membrane C1
proteins.
Cell Membrane Enumerate the functions of membrane C1
proteins.
Enumerate the functions of cell C1
Glycocalyx.
Enlist membranous and non- LGIS / C1 MCQs, OSVE
membranous organelles. SGD
Enlist the self-replicative organelles. C2
Differentiate between the functions of
smooth and rough endoplasmic
reticulum.
Cell Organelles Explain the functions of Golgi apparatus.
Enlist the enzymes of lysosomes.
Explain the functions of lysosomes.
Enlist the enzymes of peroxisomes.
Explain the functions of peroxisomes.
Enumerate the components and
functions of cytoskeleton.
Define and enlist types of endocytosis. LGIS/ C2 MCQs, OSVE
SGD
Explain the mechanism of pinocytosis. C2
Classify different transport mechanisms. C2
Compare the composition of Na C2
Cell Transport (Sodium), K (Potassium) and Cl
(Chloride) in extracellular and
intracellular fluid.
Define and enlist different types of C1
diffusion.
Explain the process of facilitated diffusion C2
FOUNDATION– I MODULE
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with the aid of diagram.

Classify different types of active C2
transport.
Describe primary and secondary active C2
transport with examples.
Explain voltage and ligand gated C2
channels with examples.
Name Na, K channel Blockers. C1
Discuss functions and significance of C2
Na/K ATPase pump.
Enumerate the functions of blood. LGIS C1 MCQs, OSVE
Explain the composition of blood. C2
Enumerate the plasma proteins. C2
Blood
Discuss functions of plasma proteins. C2
Describe the pathophysiology of edema C2
formation
Discuss the characteristics of red blood LGIS / C1 MCQs, ,
cells. SGD OSVE, OSPE
Explain different types of Bone marrow. C2
Enumerate the different sites of C2
erythropoiesis at different ages.
Explain the stages of erythropoiesis. C2
Red Blood
Cells Enumerate factors that regulate C2
erythropoiesis.
Discuss the site and role of erythropoietin
in red blood cell production.
Explain the significance of vitamin B12
and folic acid in maturation of red blood
cell.
Enumerate the types of normal LGIS C1 MCQs, ,
hemoglobin in different ages of life. OSVE, OSPE
Enlist the abnormal types of hemoglobin. C1

Explain the role of Iron in Hemoglobin C2

formation.
Hemoglobin Define blood indices. C1
Describe their normal values & the C2
conditions in which these values are
disturbed.
Enumerate the types of white blood cells. LGIS/ C1 MCQs, ,
SGD OSVE
Describe the characteristics and C2
functions of Neutrophils.
White Blood Explain the process of defense against C2
Cells invading agent by neutrophils.
Define leukocytosis and leukopenia. C1
Explain the effects of leukemia on body. C2
Explain the process of defense against LGIS / C2
Defense invading agent by macrophages. SGD
System Discuss different lines of defense during C2
inflammation.
FOUNDATION– I MODULE
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Explain the functions of neutrophils and C2

macrophages in spread of inflammation
(walling off effect).
Define the Reticuloendothelial system. LGIS C2 MCQs, ,
OSVE, OSPE
Enlist different components of C1
reticuloendothelial system.
Reticuloendoth Explain the characteristics and functions C2
elial System of basophil.
Explain the characteristics and functions C2
of eosinophils.
Enlist conditions in which these cells are
raised.
Enumerate different blood group types. LGIS C2 MCQs, ,
OSVE, OSPE
Explain the basis of ABO and Rh blood C1
Blood Types
system.
Explain the Landsteiner law. C2
PRACTICAL
Teaching Levels
Topic Specific Learning Objectives Assessment
strategy C/P/A
Obtain verbal consent from subject Lab C2 / P OSPE, OSCE
Consent
before starting a procedure.
Determine ESR and packed cell volume. C2 / P
RBCs Determine blood group. C2 /P
(Red Blood
Cells) Identify various types of WBCs in a C2 /P
prepared DLC (Differential Leukocyte
Count).

BIOCHEMISTRY
Teaching Levels
Topic Specific Learning Objectives Assessment
strategy C/P/A
Differentiate between different types of LGIS & C2 MCQs, ,
cells. SGD OSVE
Structure of Explain the concept of organization of C2
Cell cells to tissue, tissues to organ, organs
to system.
Differentiate between the eukaryotic and C2
prokaryotic cells.
Describe the composition and structure LGIS & C2 MCQs, ,
of cell on biochemical basis. OSVE
SGD
Justify cell membrane as fluid mosaic C2
model.
Describe the structure and function of C2
Cell cell membrane with particular reference
Membrane to the role of
1. Lipids
2. Carbohydrates
3. Proteins
Explain why the cell membrane is called C2
fluid mosaic model.
FOUNDATION– I MODULE
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Discuss the various ways of cell-to-cell LGIS & C2

communication and to the environment. SGD
Signal Describe cell to cell communications. C2
Transduction Cell signaling pathways (only G protein
signaling I e. Gs, Gi and Gq).
Describe cell to cell adhesion. C2
Explain the biochemical markers and LGIS / C2 MCQs, ,
importance of SGD OSVE
subcellular organelles and their inherited
disorders
Subcellular
especially:
Organelles
1. Cell disease
2. Refsum disease
3. Parkinsonism
4. Progeria
Chemistry of Describe the chemistry of purines and LGIS C2 MCQs, ,
purine and pyrimidines and their linkage in nucleic OSVE
pyrimidines acid synthesis and their metabolism.
Discuss the organization of DNA with LGIS & C2 MCQs, ,
special reference to Watson and crick SGD OSVE
model, composition, structure, role of
DNA Pairing.
Describe the structural forms of DNA. C2
Discuss the structure of different types of LGIS & C2 MCQs, ,
RNAs with special reference to CBL OSVE
composition, linkage, functions of RNA,
micro-RNA
RNA Illustrate the structure and functions of C2
various types of RNAs.
Describe the functions of various small C2
RNAs present in cell.
Explain the structure and nomenclature LGIS & C2
of nucleotides, biomedical importance of SGD
natural and synthetic analogues.
Interpret the role of synthetic analogues C3 /C4
Nucleotides
of nucleotides in medicine based on
sign/symptoms and data e.g
Methotrexate, 5 Flurouracil and
Allupurinol.
Explain the higher organization of DNA. LGIS MCQs, ,
Chromosome OSVE
Difference between DNA, chromatid and
chromosome.
Describe enzymes with reference to: LGIS & C2 MCQs, ,
active sites, specificity, catalytic SGD OSVE
efficiency, cofactor, coenzyme,
holoenzyme, apoenzyme, prosthetic
group, zymogens & location.
Enzymes Classify enzymes according to the C2 / C3
reaction they catalyze and their
nomenclature.
Explain the mechanism of enzyme C2
action from reactants to products
(catalysis).
FOUNDATION– I MODULE
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Discuss the effect of various factors on C2

enzymatic activity:
1. Substrate concentration LGIS
2. Temperature
3. PH
4. Enzyme concentration
Explain the regulation of enzymatic C2
activity (Michaelis Menten and Line
weaver Burk’s equation).
Discuss inhibitors of enzymatic activity C2
(with special reference to Km/V max)
1. Competitive
2. Non competitive
3. uncompetitive
Explain the application of enzyme in C2
clinical diagnosis and therapeutic use
Classify amino acids based on polarity, LGIS C2 MCQs, ,
nutritional importance and glucogenic OSVE
/Ketogenic properties.
Amino Acids
Explain the structure, physical, chemical C2
properties of amino acids and their
biomedical importance.
Classify proteins on the basis of LGIS/ C2 MCQs, ,
functions, solubility and SGD OSVE
physicochemical properties
Explain the biomedical importance of C2
proteins.
Distinguish between class A and B C2
proteins.
Explain the structural levels of proteins. C2

Proteins Differentiate between alpha helix and C2

beta pleated protein structures.
Identify bonding at different levels of C2
proteins.
Describe the role of chaperons in protein C2
folding.
Interpret disorders related to protein C3
misfolding on basis of given data.
Describe the biochemical basis of C2 / C3
Alzheimer’s disease/ prion disease.
Plasma Classify and explain the bio-chemical LGIS C2 MCQs, ,
Proteins role of each class of plasma proteins. OSVE
Explain the structure and biochemical LGIS & C2 MCQs, ,
role of immunoglobulins. SGD OSVE
Describe the production, structure and C2
functions of B cells, plasma cells, and
antibodies (IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG, and IgM).
Immunoglo- Discuss the functions of the cytokines C2
bulins (Interleukins (ILs), Tumor Necrosis
Factor (TNFs), IFs, Platelet derived
growth factor (PDGF), and Platelet
activating factor (PAF)).
Interpret multiple myeloma on basis of C3
given data.
FOUNDATION– I MODULE
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PRACTICAL
Teaching Levels
Topic Specific Learning Objectives Assessment
strategy C/P/A
Demonstrate the step taken to prevent Practical C2 / P OSPE /
Lab Hazards or rectify the laboratory hazards. Lab OSVE
Cell Identify the methods of isolation of cell C2 / P
Organelles organelles.
Identify the different parts of equipment C2 / P
Equipment i.e., centrifuge, Microlab,
Electrophoresis, Hot Oven, water bath.
Detection of amino acids by paper C2 / P
Chromato- chromatography.
graphy Prepare different types of solution Molar, C2 / P
Molal, normal and percentage.

COMMUNITY MEDICINE
Teaching Levels
Topic Specific Learning Objectives Assessment
strategy C/P/A
Describe the changing concepts and LGIS C2 MCQs
Concept of new philosophy of health.
Health Explain responsibility for health. C2
Explain dimensions and determinants C2
of health and their role in achieving
Positive Health positive health.
Dimensions, Discuss concept of health and LGIS C2
Health wellbeing.
Determinants
Describe the Physical quality of Life C2
Index & Human Development Index.
Describe the importance of health LGIS C2
indicators.
Classify health indicators. C2
Health
Calculate Morbidity and Mortality. C2
Indicators
Describe Disability indicators and C2
compare indicators among different
countries.
Conceptualize disease causation and LGIS C2 MCQs
natural history of disease.
Explain germ theory & multifactorial C2
Disease causation.
Causation Discuss epidemiological triad and C2
web of disease causation
Describe Gradient of infection. C2
Describe principles of prevention and LGIS C2 MCQs
control on prevalent diseases.
Explain difference between elimination C2
Disease and eradication.
Prevention Describe disease surveillance, types C2
and cycle.
Explain Primary, secondary, & tertiary C2
prevention of diseases.
FOUNDATION– I MODULE
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Describe five levels of interventions. C2

BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE
Teaching Levels
Topic Specific Learning Objectives Assessment
strategy C/P/A
Discuss importance of behavioral LGIS C2 MCQs
science in medicine.
Identify the biological Basis of human C2
Biological Basis behavior.
of Behavior Describe processes such as C2
neurobiology of memory, emotions,
sleep, learning, motivation, sex,
arousal, reward and punishment
Identify the burden of mental illness LGIS C1 MCQs
Psychological on the person, family and society.
Disorders Describe intellectual disability, mental C2
disorders and personality disorders.
Identify the role of psychosocial LGIS C1 MCQs
factors in various illnesses.
Describe psychosocial aspects of C2
various system diseases such as
 Cardio-vascular system
(CVS),
Psychology and
 Central Nervous System
Disease (CNS),
 Gastro Intestinal Tract (GIT),
 Respiratory system
 Renal system
 Endocrine system
 Cancer
Discuss Health belief model, LGIS C2 MCQs
treatment compliance and its
Behavioral psychosocial factors, social factors in
Factors & drugs prescription and drug
Pharmacological resistance.
Treatment Enlist the behavioral factors C1
associated with pharmacological
treatment of diseases
Identify the rehabilitation work for LGIS C2 MCQs
patients on dialysis and any kind of
Palliative Care physical disability
Discuss the care requirements in C2
chronic debilitating conditions.
Enlist the various physiological effects LGIS C1
of stress.
Stress Describe behavioral manifestations of C2
stress, stress related multiple
sclerosis and autoimmune diseases.
FOUNDATION– I MODULE
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PHARMACOLOGY
Teaching Levels
Topic Specific Learning Objectives Assessment
strategy C/P/A
Define Basic terms of General LGIS C1 MCQs
Pharmacology: Drug, Pro-Drug,
Placebo, Prototype drug, Orphan
Drug, Essential drug, Pharmacology,
Pharmaco-
First Pass effect, Volume of
kinetics
Distribution, Pharmacokinetics,
Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism,
Elimination, Excretion,
Biotransformation
Define the following terms: LGIS C1 MCQs
Pharmacodynamics, Receptor,
Pharmaco-
Potency, Efficacy, Affinity, Agonist,
dynamics
Partial Agonist, Inverse Agonist,
Antagonist.
Classify types of autonomic receptor LGIS C2 MCQs
Autonomic (adrenergic and cholinergic) along
System with their location, actions and
post receptor mechanism.
PRACTICAL
Teaching Levels
Topic Specific Learning Objectives Assessment
strategy C/P/A

Identify Sources of drugs through Practical C2 /P Integrated

Sources of pictures: Animal, Plant,
OSPE
Drugs Microbiological, Minerals, Synthetic
and genetically engineered sources.
Identify and define the following Active C2/P
Active
Principles of drugs (alkaloids,
Principles of
glycosides, volatile oils, fixed oils)
Drugs
through pictures.
Identify different dosage forms of C2/P
drugs along with examples. Tablet,
Capsule, Syrup, Suspension, Inhaler,
Dosage
Injection, Infusion, Ointment, Cream,
Lotion, Lozenges, Suppository,
Enema.
Types of Identify the types of transmembrane C2/P
Receptors receptors (diagram) and give example
FOUNDATION– I MODULE
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PATHOLOGY
Teaching Levels
Topic Specific Learning Objectives Assessment
strategy C/P/A
Discuss the significance of pathology. LGIS C2 MCQs
Discuss the causes of cell injury. C2
Enlist the types of cell injury. C1
Describe the mechanism of cell injury. C2
Enumerate the types of cell death. C1
Define necrosis and apoptosis. C1
Describe different types of necrosis. . C2

Cell Injury Compare apoptosis with necrosis. C2

Discuss different types and
mechanism of cellular adaptations to C2
stress.
Define important clinic pathological C1
terms:Atresia, Hypertrophy, Atrophy,
Hyperplasia, Metaplasia, Anaplasia,
Neoplasia, Inflammation, Metastasis
Discuss the mechanism and types of
intracellular accumulations and C2
pathological calcifications.
PRACTICAL
Teaching Levels
Topic Specific Learning Objectives Assessment
strategy C/P/A
Identify the salient morphological Lab OSPE
features of: Caseous necrosis (Gross
& microscopic features), Coagulative C2/P
necrosis (Gross), Fat necrosis
(microscopic).
Identify the salient morphological C2/P
Cell Injury features of Dystrophic calcification.
Identify the salient microscopic C2/P
features of the following: Intestinal
metaplasia, Squamous metaplasia,
Hyperplasia
Identify the salient microscopic and C2/P
gross features of Anthracosis.

GYNECOLOGY
Teaching Levels
Topic Specific Learning Objectives Assessment
strategy C/P/A
Describe the hormonal control of LGIS C2 MCQs, ,
Female female reproductive cycles OSVE, OSPE
Reproductive Describe the steps of the ovarian C2
Cycle cycle
Describe the process of ovulation C2
FOUNDATION– I MODULE
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Describe the formation, function and C2

fate of corpus luteum.
Define Mittelschmerz pain. C1
Define menstrual cycle. C1
Describe the phases of menstrual C2
cycle.
Describe the anatomical and LGIS C2 MCQs, ,
physiological basis of male and OSVE
female infertility
Define assisted reproductive C1
techniques Describe the mechanisms
Infertility &
of In vitro fertilization (IVF) & embryo
Assisted
transfer
Reproductive
Explain the correlation of multiple C2
Techniques
births with assisted reproductive
techniques
Describe the anatomical and C2
physiological basis of male and
female infertility
Tabulate the criteria for estimating LGIS C2 MCQs, ,
fertilization age during the fetal OSVE
period.
Calculate fertilization age, gestational C2
age, embryonic/fetal age and
expected date of delivery.
Fetal Status
Describe the procedures for C2
assessing fetal status.
Describe the clinical picture of IUGR C2
& factors resulting in IUGR (Intra
Uterine Growth Restriction).
Define Pre-eclampsia. C1

CLINICAL SKILLS (CSIM)

Teaching Levels
Topic Specific Learning Objectives Assessment
strategy C/P/A
Hand Washing Demonstrate steps of hand washing. Skill Lab C2 / P OSCE
Demonstrate the procedure of taking Skill Lab C2 / P
Pulse
the pulse.
Respiratory Record the Respiratory Rate of patient Skill Lab C2 / P
Rate
Demonstrate the procedure of taking Skill Lab C2 / P
Blood Pressure
the Blood Pressure.
Donning & Demonstrate the process of wearing Skill Lab C2 / P
Doffing the gloves

PERLS (PROFESSIONALISM, ETHICS, RESEARCH, LEADERSHIP SKILLS)

Teaching Levels
Topic Specific Learning Objectives Assessment
strategy C/P/A
Describe a Portfolio. LGIS C3 OSCE
Reflection Write reflection based on Gibbs C4
reflective cycle.
FOUNDATION– I MODULE
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Submit a reflective entry discussing

the key points of the college’s code
Code of Conduct
of conduct and your responsibilities
as a medical student.
Describe the principles and types of Role Play C2 OSCE
Communication.
Communication Identify different Communication C2
Skills Styles.
Explain the importance of C2
nonverbal communication.
Describe characteristics and types LGIS C2 OSCE
of a team along with stages of team
Team Building development.
Write a reflection on team work in C2
small groups.
Submit a personal learning plan C2 OSCE
outlining your long term and short-
term goals, as well as a detailed
Self-Directed weekly time schedule. Reflect on
Learner how this plan will support your
academic success and personal
development as a self-directed
learner.
 FOUNDATION– I MODULE P a g e | 31

TIME TABLES:
The timetables for the module will be shared via WhatsApp groups and the notice boards in advance.

ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGIES:

Theoretical knowledge is tested by a written examination system constituted by multiple choice

questions (MCQ) and . The assessment of practical knowledge involves oral, spot, or objective
structured practical examinations (OSPE).

Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ/):

Multiple choice questions (MCQ/) are a form of assessment for which students are asked to select
the best choice from a list of answers.
MCQ/SEQ consists of a stem and a set of options. The stem is usually the first part of the
assessment that presents the question as a problem to be solved; the question can be an incomplete
statement which requires to be completed and can include a graph, a picture or any other relevant
information. The options are the possible answers that the student can choose from, with the correct
answer called the key and the incorrect answers called distractors.
Correct answer carries one mark, and incorrect ‘zero mark’. There is NO negative marking.

Students mark their responses on specified computer-based sheet designed for the college.
The block exam will comprise of 90 MCQ/ 10 each of 5 marks and will be compiled according to the
shared blueprint.

Short Answer Questions (SAQ)

Short Essay questions generally ask for brief, text-based responses. They can be used to assess
students' understanding of and ability to think with subject matter content, discourage guessing of
answers, in-depth knowledge of concepts, and formulation of an answer.

Objective Structured Practical or Clinical Examination (OSCE / OSPE)

 The content may assess application of knowledge, or practical skills.
 Student will complete task in define time at one given station.
 All the students are assessed on the same content by the same examiner in the same
allocated time.
 A structured examination will have observed, interactive and rest stations.
 Observed and interactive stations will be assessed by internal or external examiners.
 Rest station is a station where there is no task given, and in this time student can organize
his/her thoughts.
 The Block OSPE / OSCE will be comprise of 12 examined stations. The stations will be
assigned according to the shared blueprint.
 FOUNDATION– I MODULE P a g e | 32

INTERNAL EVALUATION:

Internal evaluation is a process of quality review undertaken within an institution for its own ends.
As per PM&DC and UHS regulations, 20 % on internal assessment will be observed in each block.
Internal assessment and block result will be submitted to UHS after completion of each block.

ATTENDANCE REQUIREMENT:

A minimum of 75% attendance is mandatory to sit for the examinations.

PROFESSIONAL EXAMINATION:

Criteria for appearing in Professional examination are according to rules and regulations shared by
UHS which are available on their website. The criteria is;
 At least 75 % cumulative attendance in all blocks
 Certificate of good conduct from college
 Certificate of having appeared in all block exams conducted by the college with at least 50
% cumulative percentage in aggregate of blocks 1,2 and 3 for the 1st Year.
 Certificate of having attended not less than cumulative 75% of the full course of lectures
delivered and practical conducted in the particular academic session, while maintaining 75
% attendance in each block.
FOUNDATION– I MODULE P a g e | 33

Marks Distribution

BLOCK I – Foundation + Hematopoietic & Lymphoid 1 Module

OSPE
88 Marks

Part I - MCQs 140 Marks OSCE 10 Marks

Theory Practical OSVE 42 Marks
Internal Internal
35 Marks 35 Marks
Assessment Assessment
Total 175 Marks Total 175 Marks

Table of Specification (Professional Examination)

Written
Oral / Practical / Clinical Exam
Exam
Theme Subject OSPE OSCE
MCQs OSVE
(08 (05
Marks
(14 Marks
Marks Marks Marks
each)
each) each)

Normal Anatomy &

40 4 - 1 46
Structure Applied / Clinical

Physiology &
37 3 - 1 38
Normal Applied / Clinical
Function Biochemistry &
34 2 - 1 30
Applied / Clinical

Community
Medicine Public 06 - - - -
Disease Burden
Health
& Prevention
Behavioral 05 - - - -
Sciences

Pathology 13 1 - - 8
Pathophysiolog
y & Pharmaco-
therapeutics Pharmacology 05 1 - - 8

CFRC CFRC 1-1 - - 1 - 05

PERLS PERLS 1-1 - - 1 - 05

11×8 = 2×05 = 3 ×14 =

Total 140 140
88 10 42
 FOUNDATION - I MODULE P a g e | 34

Learning Resources for Students

Anatomy
 Snell Clinical Anatomy 10th edition
 Nelter Atlas
 Langman Embryology (12th Edi)
 Laiq Hassain Basic Histology (8th Ed)
 Difore Atlas Histology

Physiology
 Guyton and Hall Physiology (14th Ed)
 Essentials of Medical Physiology by Mushtaq Ahmed

Biochemistry
 Harpers Illustrated Biochemistry (32nd Ed)
 Lippincott’s Biochemistry
 Essentials of Medical Biochemistry vol 1&2 by Mushtaq Ahmed.

Community Medicine:
 Parks Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine. K. Park (Editor)

Pathology:
 Vinary Kumar, Abdul K. Abbas and Nelson Fausto Robbins and Cotran, Pathologic Basis Of
Disease. WB Saunders.

Pharmacology:
 Basic and Clinical Pharmacology by Katzung, McGraw-Hill.

Behavioral Sciences:
 Handbook of Behavioral Sciences by Prof. Mowaddat [Link], 3rd Edition

Apart from these resource learning, students can consult books available in library or recommended
by the specialty experts.