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Chapter-2
Public administration
Government institutions and their functions
Primary health centre - Provides treatment facilities.
Krishi Bhavan - Promotes agriculture
Police station - Maintains law and order.
Aims of government institutions?
Implementing laws and development programmes designed by the government.
Public Administration - definition of [Link]
Public Administration is concerned with the administration of the government.
What is public administration?
Public administration is the effective utilization of men and materials for the implementation of
existing laws, governmental policies, programmes and developmental projects.
Governmental institutions are part of public administration
They functioned for the welfare of the people.
Public administration varies according to system of governance.
List out the changes in the objectives of public administration in monarchy and democracy.
During monarchy, the interests of the monarch was the basis of public administration.
In democratic system, importance is given to the interests of the people.
Democratic administration becomes more effective and efficient through public administration.
Significance of public administration?
Formulate governmental policies.
Ensure welfare of the people.
Find out solutions to public issues.
Provide goods and Services.
According to Gandhiji, who should get the benefits of administration?
Gandhiji expected the protection of the interests of all through public administration.
But those who need more care and protection should be treated and protected separately.
Gandhiji’s concept of Grama Swaraj influenced India’s outlook of public administration to a great
extent.
Local government institutions were constituted on this basis.
Bureaucracy
The employees who work under public administrative system and administer the country are together
known as ‘bureaucracy’.
Significance (aims) of bureaucracy
Functioning the day-to-day operations of public administration.
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Make the public administration system dynamic.
Deliver all the services of government to the people.
Prepares plans for the scientific utilization of human and material resources and implements them
effectively.
Features of bureaucracy.
Hierarchical organisation.
Permanence.
Appointment on the basis of Qualification.
Political Neutrality.
Professionalism.
Indian Civil Service
The Indian Civil Service is made up of all the officers of the Central Government and the State
Government and various Public Sector Enterprises.
The Indian Civil Service can be divided into three
1. All India Services
Recruits at national level
Appoints in central or state service
Eg: Indian -Administrative Service, Indian Police Service
2. Central Services
Recruits at national level
Appoints in central government departments only
Eg: Indian Foreign Service, Indian Railway Service
3. State Services
Recruits at state level
Appoints in state government departments only
Eg : Sales tax officer.
Union Public Service Commission (UPSC).
Candidates to all India services and central services are recruited by the Union Public Service
Commission.
The chairman and the members of this commission are appointed by the President of India.
The UPSC has elaborate mechanisms for the recruitment of candidates based on qualification.
UPSC is constituted on the basis of constitutional provisions.
So UPSC is called constitutional institutions.
Public Service Commission (PSC) of the State.
At the state level, candidates are recruited by the Public Service Commission (PSC) of the State.
The Governor appoints the Chairman and the members of the State Public Service Commission.
State PSC’s is constituted on the basis of constitutional provisions.
So State PSC’s are called constitutional institutions
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Administrative Reforms
A number of steps are taken by the government for increasing the efficiency of the services and to
provide service to people in a time bound manner.
They are known as administrative reforms.
The intention is to make administration people friendly and efficient.
For this government constitutes administrative reform commissions at national and state levels.
Examples for Administrative Reforms
E-Governance.
Right to Information.
Right to Service.
Lokpal and Lokayuktha.
Central Vigilance Commission.
Ombudsman
E-governance
E-governance is the use of electronic technology in administration.
Examples: - The single window system for admission to Higher Secondary courses.
Online applications for various scholarships, etc.
Benefits of E-governance.
Can receive service with the help of information technology.
Need not to wait in government offices for services.
Government services offered speedily and with less expense.
Efficiency of the offices and quality of the service get enhanced.
Right to Information
We can collect information from any government office about its working.
People got this opportunity under the Right to Information Act 2005.
The efforts of Mazdoor Kisan Shakti Samghathan of Rajasthan has led to the legislation of Right to
Information Act.
This ensures the right of all citizens of India to receive information.
Main objectives of Right to Information
The main objectives of this Act are to prevent corruption, create responsibility and make the
functioning of the government transparent.
The citizens will get copies of public documents if they apply for them.
Right to Service
Right to Service Act is a law which ensures services to the people.
This law determines the time limit for every service given by a government office.
If the deserved service is not given within this time limit, the responsible employee should pay a
fine.
As per the Right to Service Act, an officer is appointed in every government office to give guidance
and proper help to the applicants.
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Central Vigilance Commission
The Central Vigilance Commission is the institution constituted at the national level to prevent
corruption.
It came into effect in 1964.
It is formed to prevent corruption in the central government offices.
The Central Vigilance Commissioner is the head of the Central Vigilance Commission.
In every department there will be a Chief Vigilance Officer.
The duty of the commission is to enquire into vigilance cases and take necessary actions.
State vigilance commissions
The State Vigilance Commission inquires into corruption in the state government offices.
Vigilance courts are also constituted to track vigilance cases.
Lokpal and Lokayuktha
Lokpal and Lokayukta are institutions constituted to prevent corruption at administrative,
bureaucratic and political levels.
The institution constituted at the national level to prevent corruption is Lokpal.
Lokpal has the power to register cases on issues of corruption against employees and public workers
and can suggest necessary actions.
Lokayukta is the institution constituted at the state level to hear the corruption cases
Both of them follow judicial procedures.
Ombudsman
The Ombudsman is the mechanism for complaints of corruption, nepotism or financial misconduct
by Elected representatives and bureaucrats who are part of public administration.
A retired Judge of the High Court is appointed as the Ombudsman.
People can directly approach the Ombudsman with complaints.
On receiving complaints, the Ombudsman has the power to summon anyone and can order enquary
and recommend actions
Ombudsman has its beginning in banking sector to hear the complaints of clients and rectify them.
Prepare by
Biju K K
GHS Tuvvur
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